DE1056633B - Process for the separation of air into its components by liquefaction and rectification - Google Patents

Process for the separation of air into its components by liquefaction and rectification

Info

Publication number
DE1056633B
DE1056633B DEA27855A DEA0027855A DE1056633B DE 1056633 B DE1056633 B DE 1056633B DE A27855 A DEA27855 A DE A27855A DE A0027855 A DEA0027855 A DE A0027855A DE 1056633 B DE1056633 B DE 1056633B
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
air
oxygen
reserve
rectification
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DEA27855A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Maurice Grenier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Air Liquide SA
Original Assignee
Air Liquide SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Air Liquide SA filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Publication of DE1056633B publication Critical patent/DE1056633B/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04006—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit
    • F25J3/04078—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression
    • F25J3/0409—Providing pressurised feed air or process streams within or from the air fractionation unit providing pressurized products by liquid compression and vaporisation with cold recovery, i.e. so-called internal compression of oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0012—Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/0035—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work
    • F25J1/0037—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/003—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production
    • F25J1/0032—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration"
    • F25J1/004—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0221—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop
    • F25J1/0224—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0234—Integration with a cryogenic air separation unit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0244—Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation
    • F25J1/0245—Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04163—Hot end purification of the feed air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04151—Purification and (pre-)cooling of the feed air; recuperative heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04187—Cooling of the purified feed air by recuperative heat-exchange; Heat-exchange with product streams
    • F25J3/04218—Parallel arrangement of the main heat exchange line in cores having different functions, e.g. in low pressure and high pressure cores
    • F25J3/04224—Cores associated with a liquefaction or refrigeration cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04254—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using the cold stored in external cryogenic fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04333—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams
    • F25J3/04339—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of air
    • F25J3/04345—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion using quasi-closed loop internal vapor compression refrigeration cycles, e.g. of intermediate or oxygen enriched (waste-)streams of air and comprising a gas work expansion loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04248—Generation of cold for compensating heat leaks or liquid production, e.g. by Joule-Thompson expansion
    • F25J3/04375—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc.
    • F25J3/04393—Details relating to the work expansion, e.g. process parameter etc. using multiple or multistage gas work expansion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04406—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system
    • F25J3/04412—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04472—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages
    • F25J3/04496—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages for compensating variable air feed or variable product demand by alternating between periods of liquid storage and liquid assist
    • F25J3/04503—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages for compensating variable air feed or variable product demand by alternating between periods of liquid storage and liquid assist by exchanging "cold" between at least two different cryogenic liquids, e.g. independently from the main heat exchange line of the air fractionation and/or by using external alternating storage systems
    • F25J3/04509—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using the cold from cryogenic liquids produced within the air fractionation unit and stored in internal or intermediate storages for compensating variable air feed or variable product demand by alternating between periods of liquid storage and liquid assist by exchanging "cold" between at least two different cryogenic liquids, e.g. independently from the main heat exchange line of the air fractionation and/or by using external alternating storage systems within the cold part of the air fractionation, i.e. exchanging "cold" within the fractionation and/or main heat exchange line
    • F25J3/04515—Simultaneously changing air feed and products output
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J3/00—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification
    • F25J3/02—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream
    • F25J3/04—Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air
    • F25J3/04763—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used
    • F25J3/04866—Construction and layout of air fractionation equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J3/04951—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network
    • F25J3/04963—Arrangements of multiple air fractionation units or multiple equipments fulfilling the same process step, e.g. multiple trains in a network and inter-connecting equipment within or downstream of the fractionation unit(s)
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2205/00—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means
    • F25J2205/24—Processes or apparatus using other separation and/or other processing means using regenerators, cold accumulators or reversible heat exchangers
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2210/00—Processes characterised by the type or other details of the feed stream
    • F25J2210/50—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2235/00—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams
    • F25J2235/50—Processes or apparatus involving steps for increasing the pressure or for conveying of liquid process streams the fluid being oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/04—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop
    • F25J2270/06—Internal refrigeration with work-producing gas expansion loop with multiple gas expansion loops
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2270/00—Refrigeration techniques used
    • F25J2270/08—Internal refrigeration by flash gas recovery loop
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S62/00—Refrigeration
    • Y10S62/912—External refrigeration system
    • Y10S62/913—Liquified gas

Description

DEUTSCHESGERMAN

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Zerlegung der Luft in ihre Bestandteile durch Verflüssigung und Rektifikation, bei welchem der Sauerstoff wenigstens teilweise in flüssigem Zustand entnommen und hierauf wenigstens teilweise im Gegenstrom mit einer ersten Fraktion von unter Druck stehender Luft erwärmt wird, welche anschließend entspannt und teilweise verflüssigt wird, während der Rest der Bestandteile dieser Luft in gasförmigem Zustand entnommen und im Gegenstrom mit einer zweiten Fraktion von unter Druck stehender Luft erwärmt wird, welche anschließend mit konstanter Enthalpie in die Rektifizieranlage eingeführt wird.The invention relates to a method for breaking down the air into its components by liquefaction and Rectification, in which the oxygen is at least partially removed in the liquid state and thereupon heated at least partially in countercurrent with a first fraction of pressurized air is, which is then relaxed and partially liquefied, while the rest of the components of this Air is taken in a gaseous state and countercurrently with a second fraction of under Pressurized air is heated, which then enters the rectification system with constant enthalpy is introduced.

Bekanntlich tritt bei Anlagen zur Rektifikation der Luft, hei welchen der Sauerstoff in flüssigem Zustand entnommen und hierauf durdh Wärmeaustausch mit verdichtster Luft verdampft wird, welche hierdurch wenigstens teilweise verflüssigt wird, häufig eine Schwierigkeit dadurch auf, daß der Sauierstoffbedarf nicht konstant ist, so daß die von der Verdampfung des Sauerstoffs herrührende bedeutende Kältezufuhr zu der Rektifizieranlage veränderlich ist. Es ist nun unmöglich, diese Schwankungen durch Regelung der Kälteerzeugung in dem Strömungskreis der im Gegenstrom mit dem Stickstoff gekühlten Luft auszugleichen, z. B. durch Veränderung der Menge dieser mit äußerer Arbeit entspannten Luft. Eine Störung des ArbeitenS' der Anlage kann daher nicht vermieden werden.It is known that in plants for the rectification of the air, that is to say, the oxygen in the liquid state occurs taken and then evaporated by heat exchange with compressed air, which is thereby is at least partially liquefied, often a problem in that the oxygen requirement is not constant, so that the significant cold input resulting from the evaporation of the oxygen to the rectifier is variable. It is now impossible to control these fluctuations by regulating the To compensate for the generation of cold in the flow circuit of the air cooled in countercurrent with the nitrogen, z. B. by changing the amount of this air relaxed with external work. A disturbance Working on the system can therefore not be avoided.

Es ist bereits vorgeschlagen worden, die Kältezufuhr dadurch zu vergleichmäßigen, daß die der Entspannung unterworfene Luftmenge konstant gehalten wird und daß durch Wärmeaustausch· mit der verflüssigten Fraktion der Luft an einer Rektifizierkolonne entnommener und verdichteter Stickstoff verflüssigt wird. Die Luft wird dann in die Rektifizieranlage an ihrem Taupunkt eingeführt, und eine Reserve an flüssigem Stickstoff gestattet, entweder eine zeitweilige überschüssige Stickstofferzeugung aufzunehmen oder im Gegenteil einen Zusatz zur Speisung der Rektifizieranlage zu liefern und in dieser die gesamte Wärmezufuhr konstant zu halten. Eine gewisse Störung des Arbeitens der Rektifizieranlage kann jedoch nicht vermieden werden, da die Menge an gasförmigem Stickstoff, welche in uhr entnommen wird, um durch Wärmeaustausch mit der eintretenden Luft verflüssigt zu werden, veränderlich bleibt.It has already been proposed to equalize the supply of cold by relaxing subject air quantity is kept constant and that by heat exchange · with the liquefied Nitrogen extracted and compressed in a rectification column is liquefied as a fraction of the air will. The air is then introduced into the rectifier at its dew point, and a reserve of liquid nitrogen allows either to take up a temporary excess nitrogen generation or, on the contrary, to supply an additive to feed the rectification plant and in this the entire Keep the heat supply constant. However, some disturbance in the operation of the rectifying plant can occur cannot be avoided, as the amount of gaseous nitrogen that is withdrawn in the clock to be liquefied by heat exchange with the incoming air, remains variable.

Demgegenüber besteht das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren darin, daß der nicht verflüssigte Teil der ersten Fraktion von unter Druck stehender Luft zum Wärmeaustausch mit dieser ersten Luftfraktion gebracht und hierauf abgeführt wird, während der verflüssigte Teil dieser ersten Luftfraktion allein und mit konstanter Strömungsmenge .in die Rektifizieranlage eingeführt Verfahren zur Zerlegung der LuftIn contrast, the inventive method is that the non-liquefied part of the first Fraction of pressurized air brought to heat exchange with this first air fraction and is then discharged, while the liquefied part of this first air fraction alone and with constant Flow rate .introduced into the rectification plant Process for the separation of air

in ihre Bestandteile durch Verflüssigunginto their constituent parts by liquefaction

und Rektifikationand rectification

Anmelder:Applicant:

L'Air Liquide Societe AnonymeL'Air Liquide Societe Anonyme

pour l'Etude et !'Exploitationpour l'Etude et! 'Exploitation

des Procedes Georges Claude,of the Procedes Georges Claude,

ParisParis

Vertreter: Dr. H.-H. Willrath, Patentanwalt,
Wiesbaden, Hildastr. 32Representative: Dr. H.-H. Willrath, patent attorney,
Wiesbaden, Hildastr. 32

Beanspruchte Priorität:
Frankreich vom 25. September 1956Claimed priority:
France 25 September 1956

Maurice Grenier, Paris,
ist als Erfinder genannt wordenMaurice Grenier, Paris,
has been named as the inventor

wird. Man erhält so zwei unabhängige Speisekreise für die Rektifizieranlage, welche beide eine konstante Strömungsmenge haben, nämlich
a) durch Wärmeaustausch mit wenigstens einemwill. This gives two independent feed circuits for the rectification plant, both of which have a constant flow rate, namely
a) by heat exchange with at least one

Teil des Sauerstoffs erhaltene flüssige Luft;
I)) zum größten Teil gasförmige Luft, welche durch Wärmeaustausch mit dem Stickstoff und gegebenenfalls mit einem Teil des Sauerstoffs gekühlt ist.Part of the oxygen obtained liquid air;
I)) for the most part gaseous air, which is cooled by heat exchange with the nitrogen and optionally with part of the oxygen.

Da die Luft der ersten Fraktion in einer Menge verflüssigt wird, welche sich mit der gleichzeitig verdampften Sauerstoffmenge ändert, ist es in der Praxis zweckmäßig, vor der Rektifizieranlage eine Reserve an-flüssiger Luft einzuschalten, welche mit einer veränderlichen Strömungsmenge oder sogar diskontinuierlich gespeist werden kann, aus welcher jedoch flüssige Luft mit konstanter Strömungsmenge entnommen und der Rektifizieranlage zugeführt werden kann.Because the air of the first fraction is liquefied in an amount which evaporates at the same time as the If the amount of oxygen changes, it is advisable in practice to have a reserve in front of the rectification system to turn on liquid air, which with a variable flow rate or even discontinuously can be fed, but from which liquid air is withdrawn at a constant flow rate and can be fed to the rectification system.

Bekanntlich weisen die Anlagen zur Rektifikation von Luft meistens zwei Kolonnen auf, welche mit verschiedenen Drücken arbeiten und in einem.gegenseitigen Wärmeaustausch stehen. Die mit konstanter Strömungsmenge in die Rektifizieranlage eingeführteAs is well known, the plants point to rectification of air usually has two columns, which work at different pressures and in one Heat exchange. The one introduced into the rectification plant with a constant flow rate

909! 503/79909 ! 503/79

flüssige Luft wird vorzugsweise in die mit dem niedrigsten Druck arbeitende Kolonne geschickt. In diesem Fall ist nämlich die durch eine gegebene Menge flüssiger Luft zugeführte Kältemenge am größten.liquid air is preferably sent to the column operating at the lowest pressure. In in this case, the amount of cold supplied by a given amount of liquid air is the greatest.

Es ist zu bemerken, daß die erzeugte flüssige Luft nicht vollständig der die Rektifizieranlage speisenden Reserve zugeführt zu werden braucht. Ein kleiner Teil kann z. B. einer Hilfsvorrichtung zugeführt werden, z. B. einem Wascher für bereite gekühlte gasförmige Luft, welcher zur Vervollständigung der Reinigung derselben bestimmt ist.It should be noted that the liquid air produced is not entirely that which feeds the rectifier Reserve needs to be supplied. A small part can e.g. B. be fed to an auxiliary device, z. B. a washer for ready cooled gaseous air, which is used to complete the cleaning the same is determined.

Der der Rektifizieranlage entnommene flüssige Sauerstoff wird vorzugsweise ebenfalls einer Reserve zugeführt, welcher er entnommen wird, um erwärmt zu werden, und zwar gegebenenfalls nach Verdichtung in flüssigem Zustand.The liquid oxygen withdrawn from the rectification system is preferably also a reserve fed, from which it is removed to be heated, optionally after compression in liquid state.

Diese Reserve gestattet, die Entnahmen mit veränderliche!· Strömungsmenge oder selbst diskontinuierlich vorzunehmen, ohne das Arbeiten der Rektifizierkolonnen zu stören.This reserve allows the withdrawals with variable! · To make flow rate or even discontinuously, without the work of the rectification columns disturb.

Um in gewissem Maße die Schwankungen der Kältezufuhr zu der ersten Fraktion der durch die Wiedererwärmung und gegebenenfalls die Verdampfung des Sauerstoffs verdichteten Luft auszugleichen und dabei einen möglichst gleichmäßigen Betrieb der Vorrichtung zur Verflüssigung der Luft zu gewährleisten, geht man erfindungsgemäß vorzugsweise folgendermaßen vor. Man verdichtet eine konstante Luftmenge und bringt einen veränderlichen Anteil, welcher die erste obenerwähnte Fraktion bildet, zum Wärmeaustausch mit dem zu erwärmenden Sauerstoff. Die komplementäre Menge verdichteter Luft wird mit äußerer Arbeit entspannt und hierauf durch Wärmeaustausch mit dieser selben ersten Luftfraktion erwärmt und abgeführt. Auf diese Weise wird, wenn wenig Sauerstoff verdampft wird, eine bedeutende zusätzliche Kältezufuhr durch Entspannung mit äußerer Arbeit eines großen Teils der behandelten Luft erzeugt, und die der Verflüssigung unterworfene Luftmenge ist verhältnismäßig gering. Wenn dagegen viel Sauerstoff verdampft wird, wird die zusätzliche Kälteerzeugung durch Entspannung verringert oder fällt ganz fort, und die Kälte wird auf eine größere Luftmenge übertragen.To some extent the fluctuations in the supply of cold to the first fraction of the by the To compensate for rewarming and possibly evaporation of the oxygen compressed air and to ensure the most uniform possible operation of the device for liquefying the air, one proceeds according to the invention preferably as follows. One condenses a constant Amount of air and brings a variable proportion, which forms the first fraction mentioned above, for Heat exchange with the oxygen to be heated. The complementary amount of compressed air is relaxed with external work and then through heat exchange with this same first fraction of air heated and discharged. In this way, when little oxygen is being vaporized, a significant additional one becomes Cold supply generated by relaxation with external work of a large part of the treated air, and the amount of air subjected to liquefaction is relatively small. If on the other hand a lot Oxygen is evaporated, the additional cold generation by relaxation is reduced or drops completely away, and the cold is transferred to a larger amount of air.

Eine besonders wichtige Anwendung der Erfindung betrifft den Fall, daß die Anlage zur Verdampfung mit Sauerstoff von der Rektifizieranlage sehr weit entfernt ist. Die Verdampfungsanlage braucht natürlich nicht eine einzige Anlage zu sein, und in den meisten Fällen entspricht einer Rektifizieranlage verhältnismäßig großer Leistung eine gewisse Zahl von Verdampfungsanlagen, welche voneinander getrennt sind und eine kleinere Leistung haben. Für einen Benutzer von Sauerstoff ist es zweckmäßig, über eine Anlage zur Verdampfung desselben zu verfügen, sei es, weil er bedeutende Mengen gasförmigen Sauerstoffs unter geringem Druck in veränderlicher Menge oder selbst diskontinuierlich verbraucht, z. B. für metallurgische Vorgänge, sei es, daß er eine große Zahl von Flaschen bekannter Bauart zur Aufbewahrung unter hohem Druck zu füllen wünscht. Der Transport des Sauerstoffs in flüssigem Zustand ist dann erheblich billiger, da er keine Metallflaschen benötigt, welche ein bedeutendes totes Gewicht bilden, welches erheblich höher als das des Sauerstoffs ist. Die durch die Verdampfung des Sauerstoffs erzeugte Kältemenge war dagegen bisher im allgemeinen verloren, da sie durch Erwärmung in einem Flüssigkeitsbad, z. B. Wasser, oder durch eine Flamme oder durch einen elektrischen Widerstand erfolgte.A particularly important application of the invention relates to the case that the system for evaporation with oxygen is very far away from the rectification plant. The evaporation system needs of course not to be a single plant, and in most cases a rectifier is proportionate high performance a certain number of evaporation systems, which are separated from each other and have a smaller output. For a user of oxygen it is convenient to have a facility to vaporize it, be it because it is under significant amounts of gaseous oxygen low pressure in variable amounts or even discontinuously consumed, e.g. B. for metallurgical Operations, be it that he has a large number of bottles of known design for storage under high Pressure to fill wishes. The transport of the oxygen in the liquid state is then considerably cheaper, since it does not require metal bottles, which create a significant dead weight, which is significantly higher than that of oxygen. The amount of cold produced by the evaporation of the oxygen was against it hitherto generally lost because they are heated in a liquid bath, e.g. B. water, or by a flame or by an electrical resistance.

Gemäß einer Anwendungsart der Erfindung sind die Rektifizieranlage sowie die Anlage zur Verdampfung von Sauerstoff, von der angenommen ist, daß sie eine einzige Anlage darstellt, beide mit Reserven von flüssiger Luft bzw. flüssigem Sauerstoff versehen. Die Gewinnung der Verdampfungswärme des flüssigen Sauerstoffs erfolgt dann folgendermaßen: Die Rektifizieranlage speist die benachbarte Reserve mit einer konstanten Strömungsmenge. Der flüssige SauerstoffAccording to one type of application of the invention, the rectification plant and the evaporation plant are of oxygen, believed to be a single plant, both with reserves of provided with liquid air or liquid oxygen. Obtaining the heat of vaporization of the liquid Oxygen then takes place as follows: The rectification system feeds the neighboring reserve with a constant flow rate. The liquid oxygen

ίο wird von dieser zu der Reserve der Verdampfungsanilage durch ein bekanntes Transportmittel geschickt, z. B. durch Tankwagen oder eine Rohrleitung. Der Sauerstoff wird in veränderlicher Menge durch Wärmeaustausch mit der verdichteten Luft verdampft, welche in einer ebenfalls veränderlichen Menge verflüssigt und in einer Reserve aufgespeichert wird. Das gleiche Transportmittel bringt auf dem Rückweg dieser Reserve entnommene flüssige Luft zu der der Re'ktifizieranlage benachbarten Reserve, welche dann die Anlage mit einer konstanten Strömungsmenge speist.ίο becomes the reserve of the evaporation system sent by a known means of transport, e.g. B. by tank truck or a pipeline. Of the Oxygen is evaporated in variable quantities through heat exchange with the compressed air, which is liquefied in a variable amount and stored in a reserve. That The same means of transport brings liquid air removed from this reserve to that of the on the way back Re'ktifikieranlage neighboring reserve, which then the plant with a constant flow rate feeds.

Hierdurch· wird der leichte Transport der flüssigen Luft und des flüssigen Sauerstoffs ausgenutzt, wobei nur die der Herstellung des gasförmigen Sauerstoffs entsprechende Energie aufgewandt werden muß. Ferner werden die Anlagen, nämlich die Rektifizieranlage einerseits und die Anlage zur Verdampfung des Sauerstoffs und zur Verflüssigung der Luft andererseits, voneinander unabhängig, so daß eine Anlage vorübergehend stillgesetzt werden kann, ohne das Arbeiten der anderen zu stören, solange die diese Anlage speisende Reserve nicht erschöpft ist. Es ist z. B. möglich, die Rektifizieranlage intermittierend nur zu Tageszeiten zu betreiben, an welchen die Energie billiger ist, z. B. nachts. Ferner kann das erforderliche periodische Entfrosten ohne Nachteil vorgenommen werden.This makes use of the easy transport of liquid air and liquid oxygen, with only the energy corresponding to the production of the gaseous oxygen has to be expended. Furthermore, the plants, namely the rectification plant on the one hand and the system for evaporating the oxygen and liquefying the air on the other hand, independently of each other, so that a system can be temporarily shut down without to disrupt the work of others as long as the reserve feeding this system is not exhausted. It is z. B. possible to operate the rectifier intermittently only at times of day when the Energy is cheaper, e.g. B. at night. Furthermore, the necessary periodic defrosting can be done without disadvantage will.

Die Erfindung ist nachstehend beispielshalber unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung erläutert.The invention is explained below by way of example with reference to the drawing.

Fig. 1 zeigt eine Anlage zur Zerlegung der Luft in ihre Bestandteile durch Rektifikation, welche die Gesamtheit des Sauerstoffs in flüssigem Zustand liefert und einerseits mit verdichteter gasförmiger durch Wärmeaustausch, mit Stickstoff gekühlter Luft und andererseits mit flüssiger Luft aus einem Vorratsbehälter gespeist wird, welcher durch eine mit verhältnismäßig hohem Druck arbeitende Anlage zur Erwärmung des Sauerstoffs gespeist wird;Fig. 1 shows a system for the separation of air into its components by rectification, which the whole the oxygen supplies in liquid state and on the one hand with compressed gaseous through Heat exchange, with nitrogen-cooled air and, on the other hand, with liquid air from a storage tank is fed, which is operated by a relatively high pressure system for heating the oxygen is fed;

Fig. 2 zeigt' eine Anlage zur Verdampfung von Sauerstoff unter einem mäßigen Druck mit gleichzeitiger Verflüssigung der Luft.Fig. 2 shows' a system for the evaporation of oxygen under a moderate pressure with simultaneous Liquefaction of the air.

Bei der auf Fig. 1 dargestellten Rektifizieranlage wird die Luft mit konstanter Strömungsmenge durch die Leitung 1 dem Turboverdichter 2 zugeführt, welcher sie auf einen verhältnismäßig niedrigen Druck bringt, welcher z. B. größenordnungsmäßig 5 kg/cm2 abs. beträgt. Die verdichtete Luft wird durch die Leitung 3 einem der Austauscher und Regeneratoren eines Paares 4^4-45 zugeführt, welches gleichzeitig ihre Kühlung und ihre Reinigung durch Niederschlag des Wassers und der Kohlensäure bewirkt. Wenn die Luft durch einen der Regeneratoren strömt, strömt durch den anderen aus der Rektifizieranlage stammender kalter gasförmiger Stickstoff. Die Verbindungen dieser Regeneratoren mit den Luft- und Stickstoffleitungen werden in-an sich bekannter Weise mittels eines Ventilsatzes in festen Zeitabständen umgeschaltet.In the rectification system shown in Fig. 1, the air is fed with a constant flow rate through the line 1 to the turbo compressor 2, which brings it to a relatively low pressure, which z. B. on the order of 5 kg / cm 2 abs. amounts to. The compressed air is fed through line 3 to one of the exchangers and regenerators of a pair 4 ^ 4-45, which simultaneously causes its cooling and its cleaning by precipitation of the water and carbonic acid. As the air flows through one of the regenerators, cold gaseous nitrogen from the rectifier flows through the other. The connections of these regenerators with the air and nitrogen lines are switched over in a manner known per se by means of a valve set at fixed time intervals.

An dem Ausgang des Regenerators wird die Luft durch die Leitung 5 der Rektifizieranlage 6 zugeführt.At the outlet of the regenerator, the air is fed through line 5 to the rectification system 6.

Diese besteht aus einer mit einem höheren Druck arbeitenden Kolonne 7 und einer Niederdruckkolonne 8, deren Druck in der Nähe des Atmosphärendrucks liegt. Diese beiden Kolonnen stehen über den Kondensator und Verdampfer 9 im gegenseitigen Wärmeaustausch. In der Druckkolonne 7 wird die Lu-ft in eine sich in dem unteren Teil der Kolonne sammelnde, mit Sauerstoff angereicherte Flüssigkeit und in unreinen Stickstoff zerlegt, welcher sich in dem Kondensator 9 niederschlägt und in denTrögen 9 A aufgefangen wird, to Die mit Sauerstoff angereicherte Luft wird durch die Leitung 10 abgeführt und dem Austauscher und Kühler 11 zugeführt, in welchem sie durch den aus dem oberen Teil der Niederdruckkolonne kommenden gasförmigen Stickstoff gekühlt wird, worauf sie durch das Entspannungsventil 12 bei 12^4 in diese Kolonne eingeführt wird.This consists of a column 7 operating at a higher pressure and a lower pressure column 8, the pressure of which is close to atmospheric pressure. These two columns are in mutual heat exchange via the condenser and evaporator 9. In the pressure column 7 the air is broken down into an oxygen-enriched liquid that collects in the lower part of the column and into impure nitrogen, which is precipitated in the condenser 9 and collected in the troughs 9 A , to die enriched with oxygen Air is discharged through line 10 and fed to exchanger and cooler 11, in which it is cooled by the gaseous nitrogen coming from the upper part of the low-pressure column, whereupon it is introduced into this column through expansion valve 12 at 12 ^ 4.

Der unreine in den Trögen 9 A angesammelte flüssige Stickstoff wird durch die Leitung 13 dem Austauscher und Kühler 14 zugeführt, in welchem er durch den aus dem oberen Teil der Niederdrückkolonne kommenden gasförmigen Stickstoff gekühlt wird. Hierauf wird er durch das Entspannungsventil 15 bei 15^4 in den oberen Teil dieser Kolonne eingeführt, in welcher er die Rolle der Rückflußflüssigkeit spielt. Die Niederdruckkolonne wird außerdem mit der in dem Vorratsbehälter 16 angesammelten flüssigen Luft gespeist, welcher in veränderlicher Menge flüssige Luft empfängt, welche in der benachbarten Anlage zur Verdampfung des Sauerstoffs exzeugt wird. Die flüssige Luft wird dem Vorratsbehälter durch die Leitung 17 entnommen und mit einer durch das Ventil 18 geregelten konstanten Strömungsmenge bei 18^4 in die Niederdruck'kolonne eingeführt. In der Niederdruckkolonne wird die Luft in reinen Sauerstoff, welcher sich in dem unteren Teil derselben um die Rohre des Kondensators und Verdampfers 9 herum sammelt, und in gasförmigen reinen Stickstoff, welcher oben an der Kolonne durch die Leitung 22 austritt, zertlegt.The impure in the troughs 9 A accumulated liquid nitrogen is supplied to the exchanger and cooler 14 through line 13 wherein it is cooled by the coming out of the upper part of the depressing column gaseous nitrogen. It is then introduced through the expansion valve 15 at 15 ^ 4 into the upper part of this column, in which it plays the role of the reflux liquid. The low-pressure column is also fed with the liquid air collected in the storage container 16, which receives a variable amount of liquid air which is generated in the adjacent system for evaporation of the oxygen. The liquid air is withdrawn from the storage container through line 17 and introduced into the low-pressure column with a constant flow rate regulated by valve 18 at 18 ^ 4. In the low-pressure column, the air is broken down into pure oxygen, which collects in the lower part of the same around the tubes of the condenser and evaporator 9, and into gaseous pure nitrogen, which exits through line 22 at the top of the column.

Der flüssige reine Sauerstoff wird durch das Ventil 19 und die Leitung 19 A dem Vorratsbehälter 20 zugeführt, wo er sich ansammelt. Der sich in diesem Vorratsbehälter entwickelnde gasförmige Sauerstoff wird durch die Leitung 21 in die Niederdruckrektifizierkolonne zurückgeführt.The liquid pure oxygen is supplied to the reservoir 20 through the valve 19 and the line 19 A, where it accumulates. The gaseous oxygen developing in this storage container is returned through line 21 to the low-pressure rectification column.

Der an dem oberen Teil der Niederdruckkolonne entwickelte gasförmige Stickstoff wird durch die Leitung 22 den Kühlern 14 und 11 zugeführt, in welchen er nacheinander den unreinen flüssigen Stickstoff und die aus der Hochdruckkolonne kommende, mit Sauerstoff angereicherte Flüssigkeit kühlt. Hierauf gelangt er durch die Leitung 23 zu einem der bereits beschriebenen Austauscher und Regeneratoren AA-AB. wo er sich erwärmt und die Verunreinigungen der eintretenden Luft verdampft. Er wird durch die Leitung 24 abgeführt.The gaseous nitrogen evolved at the upper part of the low-pressure column is fed through line 22 to coolers 14 and 11, in which it successively cools the impure liquid nitrogen and the oxygen-enriched liquid coming from the high-pressure column. It then arrives through line 23 to one of the exchangers and regenerators AA-AB already described. where it heats up and evaporates the impurities of the incoming air. It is discharged through line 24.

Der in dem Behälter 20 angesammelte flüssige Sauerstoff wird je nach der beabsichtigten Verwendung folgendermaßen abgeführt. Wenn er z. B. zur Beladung von für seinen Transport auf große Ent-" fernung bestimmten Fahrzeugen in flüssigem Zustand abgeführt werden soll, wird er unmittelbar durch das Ventil 25 entnommen. Wenn er dagegen z. B. zur Füllung von Vorratsflaschen an Ort und Stelle erwärmt und z. B. auf einen hohen, in der Nähe von 150 kg/cm2 liegender Druck gebracht werden soll, wird er durch das Ventil 26 und die Leitung 27 der Pumpe 28 zugeführt, welche ihn auf den gewünschten Druck bringt. Hierauf gelangt er durch die Leitung 29 zu dem »Verflüssiger« genannten Austauscher 30. In diesem wird der Sauerstoff durch Wärmeaustausch mit im Gegenstrom strömender kalter Luft verdampft, deren Verflüssigung er ermöglicht. Hierauf gelangt er zu dem »warmer Austauscher« genannten Austauscher 31, wo· er durch Wärmeaustausch mit verdichteter Luft etwa auf Raumtemperatur gebracht wird. Schließlich wird er durch die Leitung 32 der Benutzungsvorriahrtung zugeführt.The liquid oxygen accumulated in the container 20 is discharged as follows depending on the intended use. If he z. If, for example, it is to be discharged in the liquid state for loading vehicles intended for long-distance transport, it is removed directly through the valve 25. If, on the other hand, it is heated on the spot, for example to fill storage bottles, and e.g. If, for example, it is to be brought to a high pressure close to 150 kg / cm 2 , it is fed through the valve 26 and the line 27 to the pump 28, which brings it to the desired pressure Line 29 to the exchanger 30. In this, the oxygen is evaporated by heat exchange with cold air flowing in countercurrent, which it enables to liquefy compressed air is brought to about room temperature and finally it is fed through line 32 to the use device.

Die Luft, welche wenigstens teilweise zur Versorgung des der Rektifizier anlage zugeordneten Behälters 16 verflüssigt werden soll, wird mit konstanter Strömungsmenge durch die Leitung 37 dem Verdichter 38 zugeführt, welcher sie auf einen hohen Druck bringt, welcher höher ist als der, auf welchen der Sauerstoff gebracht werden soll, z. B. 200 kg/cm2. Sie wird in an sich bekannter Weise in dem Reiniger 39 gereinigt und hierauf in dem warmen Austauscher 31 im Geigenstrom entweder mit verdampftem Sauerstoff, oder in der weiter unten angegebenen Weise mit entspannter Luft, oder mit beiden gekühlt. Sie wird aus ihm durch die Leitung 40 abgeführt und in zwei Teile zerlegt, deren Verhältnis in Abhängigkeit von der durch die Verdampfung des Sauerstoffs gelieferten Kältemenge regelbar ist.The air, which is to be at least partially liquefied to supply the container 16 assigned to the rectification system, is fed with a constant flow rate through the line 37 to the compressor 38, which brings it to a high pressure which is higher than that on which the oxygen should be brought, z. B. 200 kg / cm 2 . It is cleaned in a manner known per se in the cleaner 39 and then cooled in the warm exchanger 31 in the violin flow either with evaporated oxygen, or in the manner indicated below with relaxed air, or with both. It is discharged from it through the line 40 and divided into two parts, the ratio of which can be regulated as a function of the amount of cold delivered by the evaporation of the oxygen.

Der erste Teil wird durch das Ventil 41 dem »Verflüssigungsaustauscher« 30 zugeführt, in welchem er durch Wärmeaustausch mit dem flüssigen Sauerstoff und der bereits erwähnten entspannten kalten Luft gekühlt wird. Hierauf gelangt er durch die Leitung 42 zu dem Austauscher und Kühler 43, in welchem er durch die in dem Behälter 16 entwickelte gasförmige Luft gekühlt wird, worauf er durch die Leitung 44 und das Entspannungsventil 45 dem gleichen Behälter zugeführt wird. Die in diesem Behälter entwickelte gasförmige Luft wird durch die Leitung 48 dem Austauscher und Kühler 43 zugeführt und hierauf durch die Leitung 49 mit der entspannten kalten Luft am Eingang des Verflüssigers 30 vereinigt.The first part is connected to the "liquefaction exchanger" through valve 41 30 supplied, in which it is cooled by heat exchange with the liquid oxygen and the already mentioned relaxed cold air will. Then he arrives through the line 42 to the exchanger and cooler 43, in which he is cooled by the gaseous air developed in the container 16, whereupon it passes through the line 44 and the expansion valve 45 is supplied to the same container. The one developed in this container Gaseous air is fed through line 48 to exchanger and cooler 43 and then through the line 49 combined with the relaxed cold air at the inlet of the condenser 30.

Der zweite Teil der verdichteten Luft, welcher eine iusätzliahe Kältezufuhr durch Entspannung mit äußerer Arbeit liefern soll, wenn- die durch die Verdampfung des Sauerstoffs gelieferte Kälte nicht ausreicht, wird in regelbarer Menge durch das Ventil 50 und die Leitung 51 der Entspannungsmaschine 52 und hierauf durch die Leitung 53 dem »Verflüssiger« 30 zugeführt, nachdem er mit der von dem Behälter 16 kommenden, durch die Leitung 49 zugeführten kalten Luft vereinigt wurde. Er gelangt anschließend in den »warmen Austauscher« 31 und wird hierauf etwa mit Raumtemperatur durch die Leitung 54 abgeführt.The second part of the compressed air, which has an additional cold supply through relaxation to provide external work if - the cold provided by the evaporation of the oxygen is not sufficient, is in a controllable amount through the valve 50 and the line 51 of the expansion machine 52 and thereupon fed through the line 53 to the "liquefier" 30 after it has been mixed with the from the container 16 incoming cold air supplied through line 49 was combined. It then gets into the "Warm exchanger" 31 and is then discharged through line 54 at about room temperature.

Die in Fig. 2 dargestellte Anlage ist zur Verdampfung von Sauerstoff unter mäßigem Druck bestimmt und weist die gleiche Gesamtanordnung· wie die Vorrichtung zur Erwärmung des Sauerstoffs mit gleichzeitiger Kühlung der Luft auf, welche einen Teil der oben beschriebenen Anlage bildet. Sie ist jedoch etwas abgeändert, um leichter die sehr erheblichen Änderungen der Strömungsmengen von zu verdampfendem Sauerstoff und zu verflüssigender Luft berücksichtigen zu können. Sie weist zwei Pumpen für flüssigen Sauerstoff anstatt einer und zwei Turbinen zur Entspannung der Luft anstatt einer Kolbenentspannungsmaschine auf.The system shown in Fig. 2 is intended for the evaporation of oxygen under moderate pressure and has the same overall arrangement · as the device for heating the oxygen with simultaneous Cooling of the air which forms part of the system described above. However, it is something modified to more easily cope with the very significant changes in the flow rates of the evaporative To be able to take into account oxygen and air to be liquefied. It has two pumps for liquid Oxygen instead of one and two turbines for expanding the air instead of a piston expansion machine on.

Der Behälter 20 für flüssigen Sauerstoff wird durch Transportfahrzeuge versorgt, welche mit flüssigem Sauerstoff in einer Rektifizieranlage beladen wurden und diesen nach öffnung des Ventils 19 in die Leitung 19^4 entladen. Die gleichen Transportfahrzeuge werden anschließend mit in dem Vorratsbehälter fürThe container 20 for liquid oxygen is supplied by transport vehicles, which with liquid Oxygen was loaded in a rectification system and this after opening the valve 19 into the line 19 ^ 4 unloaded. The same transport vehicles are then with in the storage container for

flüssige Luft angesammelter flüssiger Luft durch die Leitung 17 nach öffnung des Ventils 18 beladen und bringen diese flüssige Luft zu einem der Rektifizieranlage benachbarten Vorratsbehälter.liquid air and accumulated liquid air through the line 17 after opening the valve 18 and loaded bring this liquid air to a storage container adjacent to the rectification plant.

Je nach der Menge des zu verdampfenden Sauer-Stoffs arbeitet die Sauerstoffverdampfungsanlage auf folgende Weise, wobei die Zufuhr von verdichteter Luft zu der Anilage konstant bleibt:The oxygen evaporation system works depending on the amount of oxygen to be evaporated in the following way, with the supply of compressed air to the plant remaining constant:

a) Die zu verdampfende Sauerstoff menge ist Null. Die beiden Pumpen 28^4 und 28 5 werden dann stillgesetzt, und die Ventile 26^4 und 265 sind geschlossen. Die beiden Turbinen 52 A und 525 arbeiten, und die Ventile 50^4 und 505 sind offen. Die Öffnung der Ventile 41, 5CM und 505 wird so eingestellt, daß ein großer Teil der eintretenden verdichteten Luft durch die Entspannungsturbinen strömt und eine zur Verflüssigung des anderen Teils hinreichende Kälteerzeugung liefert.a) The amount of oxygen to be evaporated is zero. The two pumps 28 ^ 4 and 28 5 are then stopped, and the valves 26 ^ 4 and 265 are closed. The two turbines 52 A and 525 are working, and the valves 50 ^ 4 and 505 are open. The opening of the valves 41, 5CM and 505 is adjusted so that a large part of the incoming compressed air flows through the expansion turbines and provides sufficient refrigeration to liquefy the other part.

b) Es ist eine mittlere Menge Sauerstoff zu verdampfen. Es ist eine einzige Pumpe für flüssigen Sauerstoff, z. B. 28^4, im Betrieb, und das entsprechende Ventil 26^4 ist offen. Es ist eine einzige Entspannungsturbine, z. B. 52 A, im Betrieb, wobei das Ventil 50^4 offen und das Ventil 505 geschlossen ist. Ein größerer Teil der eintretenden verdichteten Luft strömt duiroh das Ventil 41 und verflüssigt sich in dem Verflüssiger 30.b) A medium amount of oxygen has to be evaporated. It is a single pump for liquid oxygen, e.g. B. 28 ^ 4, in operation, and the corresponding valve 26 ^ 4 is open. It is a single expansion turbine, e.g. B. 52 A, in operation, the valve 50 ^ 4 open and the valve 505 is closed. A larger part of the compressed air entering flows through the valve 41 and liquefies in the condenser 30.

c) Die zu verdampfende Sauerstoff menge ist groß. Die beiden Pumpen 28^4 und 285 sind im-Betrieb, und die Ventile 26^4 und 265 sind offen. Die beiden Entspannungsturbinen 52^4 und 525 sind stillgesetzt, und die beiden Ventile 50^4 und 505 sind geschlossen. Die Gesamtheit der ankommenden verdichteten Luft strömt durch das Ventil 41 und wird in dem Verflüssiger 30 verflüssigt.c) The amount of oxygen to be evaporated is large. The two pumps 28 ^ 4 and 285 are in operation, and valves 26 ^ 4 and 265 are open. The two Expansion turbines 52 ^ 4 and 525 are shut down, and the two valves 50 ^ 4 and 505 are closed. The entirety of the incoming compressed air flows through the valve 41 and is in the condenser 30 liquefied.

3535

Claims (7)

Patentansprüche·.Claims ·. 1. Verfahren zur Zerlegung der Luft in ihre Bestandteile durch Verflüssigung und Rektifikation, bei welchem der Sauerstoff wenigstens teilweise in flüssigem Zustand entnommen und hierauf wenigstens teilweise im Gegenstrom mit einer ersten unter Druck stehenden Luftfraktion erwärmt wird, welche anschließend entspannt und 4-5 teilweise verflüssigt wird, während der Rest der Bestandteile der Luft in gasförmigem Zustand entnommen und im Gegenstrom mit einer zweiten unter Druck stehenden Luftfraktion erwärmt wird, welche anschließend mit konstanter Enthalpie in eine Rektifizieranlage eingeführt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der nicht verflüssigte Teil der ersten Luftfraktion zum Wärmeaustausch mit dieser ersten Luftfraktion gebracht und hierauf abgeführt wird und daß der verflüssigte Teil dieser ersten Luftfraktion allein und mit konstanter Strömungsmenge in die Rektifizieranlage eingeführt wird.1. Process for the separation of air into its components by liquefaction and rectification, in which the oxygen is at least partially removed in the liquid state and then at least partially in countercurrent with a first pressurized air fraction is heated, which is then relaxed and partially liquefied 4-5, while the rest of the Components of the air taken in a gaseous state and in countercurrent with a second pressurized air fraction is heated, which then with constant enthalpy in a rectification plant is introduced, characterized in that the non-liquefied part of the first air fraction brought to heat exchange with this first air fraction and then is discharged and that the liquefied part of this first air fraction alone and with constant Flow rate is introduced into the rectifier. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die verflüssigte Luft der ersten Fraktion einer Reserve zugeführt wird, welche die Rektifizieranlage mit einer konstanten. Strömungsmenge speist.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the liquefied air of the first Fraction is fed to a reserve, which the rectification plant with a constant. Flow rate feeds. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die verflüssigte Luft der ersten Fraktion in den mit dem niedrigsten Druck arbeitenden Teil der Rektifizieranlage eingeführt wird.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the liquefied air of the first fraction is introduced into the part of the rectification plant working with the lowest pressure will. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der der Rektifizieranlage entnommene flüssige Sauerstoff einer Reserve zugeführt wird, welcher er entnommen wird, um wieder erwärmt zu werden.4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the removed from the rectification plant liquid oxygen is supplied to a reserve, from which it is withdrawn and heated again to become. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der in flüssigem Zustand einer Reserve entnommene Sauerstoff vor seiner Wiedererwärmung in flüssigem Zustand verdichtet wird.5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that that the oxygen taken from a reserve in the liquid state before it is rewarmed is compressed in the liquid state. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine konstante Strömungsmenge Luft verdichtet und ein die erste Luftfraktion bildender veränderlicher Anteil derselben zum Wärmeaustausch mit dem zu erwärmenden Sauerstoff gebracht wird, wobei die komplementäre verdichtete Luftmenge mit äußerer Arbeit entspannt und hierauf durch Wärmeaustausch mit dieser ersten Luftfraktion erwärmt und abgeführt wird.6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a constant flow rate of air compressed and a variable portion of the same, forming the first air fraction, for heat exchange is brought with the oxygen to be heated, the complementary compressed Amount of air with external work relaxes and then through heat exchange with this first air fraction is heated and discharged. 7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verflüssigung und die Rektifikation der Luft in getrennten Anlagen erfolgen, welche eine Reserve an flüssiger Luft bzw. eine Reserve an flüssigem Sauerstoff aufweisen, wobei die flüssige Luft von dar der Verflüssigungsanlage zugeordneten Reserve zu der der Rektifizieranlage zugeordneten Reserve transportiert wird, während der flüssige Sauerstoff von der der Rektifizieranlage zugeordneten Reserve zu der der Verflüssigungsanlage zugeordneten Reserve transportiert wird.7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that that the liquefaction and rectification of the air take place in separate plants, which have a reserve of liquid air or a reserve of liquid oxygen, wherein the liquid air from the reserve allocated to the liquefaction plant to that of the rectification plant assigned reserve is transported, while the liquid oxygen from the rectification plant assigned reserve transported to the reserve assigned to the liquefaction plant will. Hierzu 1 Blatt Zeichnungen1 sheet of drawings ©. 909· 509/79· 4.59©. 909 509/79 4.59
DEA27855A 1956-09-25 1957-09-05 Process for the separation of air into its components by liquefaction and rectification Pending DE1056633B (en)

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EP0107418A2 (en) * 1982-10-27 1984-05-02 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Plant for producing gaseous nitrogen
DE4415747A1 (en) * 1994-05-04 1995-11-16 Linde Ag Method and device for the low-temperature separation of air
EP0628778B2 (en) † 1993-06-07 2001-03-21 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Process and high pressure gas supply unit for an air constituent consuming installation

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US3174293A (en) * 1960-11-14 1965-03-23 Linde Eismasch Ag System for providing gas separation products at varying rates
GB929798A (en) * 1960-04-11 1963-06-26 British Oxygen Co Ltd Low temperature separation of air
GB917695A (en) * 1960-10-17 1963-02-06 British Oxygen Co Ltd Improvements in the cold separation of air
NL270584A (en) * 1960-10-26
US3180709A (en) * 1961-06-29 1965-04-27 Union Carbide Corp Process for liquefaction of lowboiling gases
US3182461A (en) * 1961-09-19 1965-05-11 Hydrocarbon Research Inc Natural gas liquefaction and separation
GB1314347A (en) * 1970-03-16 1973-04-18 Air Prod Ltd Air rectification process for the production of oxygen
FR2710370B1 (en) * 1993-09-21 1995-12-08 Air Liquide Method and assembly for compressing a gas.
FR2723184B1 (en) 1994-07-29 1996-09-06 Grenier Maurice PROCESS AND PLANT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF GAS OXYGEN UNDER PRESSURE WITH VARIABLE FLOW RATE
US5987918A (en) * 1998-03-17 1999-11-23 The Boc Group, Inc. Method of separating nitrogen from air
US7228715B2 (en) * 2003-12-23 2007-06-12 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme A Directoire Et Conseil De Surveillance Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Cryogenic air separation process and apparatus

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US2503939A (en) * 1944-12-26 1950-04-11 Baufre William Lane De Process and apparatus for removing water vapor and carb on dioxide from gases
US2626510A (en) * 1947-06-18 1953-01-27 Air Prod Inc Air fractionating cycle and apparatus
DE803301C (en) * 1948-10-02 1951-04-02 Adolf Messer G M B H Process for cold start-up of plants for liquefying or decomposition of gases or gas mixtures
GB699429A (en) * 1951-08-27 1953-11-04 British Oxygen Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to the dispensing of gases
US2712738A (en) * 1952-01-10 1955-07-12 Linde S Eismaschinen Ag Method for fractionating air by liquefaction and rectification
US2708831A (en) * 1953-04-09 1955-05-24 Air Reduction Separation of air
LU33507A1 (en) * 1954-04-23
US2873583A (en) * 1954-05-04 1959-02-17 Union Carbide Corp Dual pressure cycle for air separation

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0107418A2 (en) * 1982-10-27 1984-05-02 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Plant for producing gaseous nitrogen
EP0107418A3 (en) * 1982-10-27 1985-04-03 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Plant for producing gaseous nitrogen
EP0628778B2 (en) † 1993-06-07 2001-03-21 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Process and high pressure gas supply unit for an air constituent consuming installation
DE4415747A1 (en) * 1994-05-04 1995-11-16 Linde Ag Method and device for the low-temperature separation of air

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FR1158639A (en) 1958-06-17

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