DE1052781A1

DE1052781A1 -

Info

Publication number: DE1052781A1
Authority: DE

Description

DEUTSCHESGERMAN

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Turbinen- oder Kompressorschaufeln mit Kühlkanälen und Fuß, der mit dem eigentlichen Schaufelblatt ein Stück bildet, insbesondere von Schaufeln, bei denen am Fuß in der Nähe des Überganges zum Schaufelblatt ein kleiner Flansch vorgesehen ist, der als Gasdichtung dient. Zur Kühlung dient bei solchen Schaufeln in der Regel Luft, die durch die längsverlaufeniden Kühlkanäle gepreßt wird. ίο The invention relates to a method for producing turbine or compressor blades with cooling channels and a foot which forms one piece with the actual airfoil, in particular of blades in which a small flange is provided on the foot near the transition to the airfoil serves as a gas seal. In the case of such blades, air is usually used for cooling, which is pressed through the longitudinal cooling channels. ίο

Die Herstellung der Kühlkanäle durch Bohren der Schaufeln ist praktisch nicht möglich. Man verfährt vielmehr in der Weise, daß man Längslöcher in einen Block bohrt und diese Löcher mit einem Füllstoff füllt, dessen Fließeigenschaften denen des Blockmetalls ähn-Hch sind, und der durch Ätzen mit Säure oder andere geeignete Weise wieder entfernt werden kann. Der so vorbereitete Block wird einer ersten Warmverformung unterworfen, bei der die Löcher sich verlängern. Die Warmverformung besteht in teilweisem Strangpressen durch eine öffnung mit Blattprofil. Derjenige Teil, der nicht durch die öffnung der Strangpresse getreten ist, bildet die Rohform des Fußes, während der stranggepreßte Teil die Rohform des Schaufelblattes ergibt. Die weitere Umformung dieses Teiles geschieht beispielsweise durch Gesenkschmieden.It is practically impossible to produce the cooling channels by drilling the blades. One moves rather in such a way that one drills longitudinal holes in a block and fills these holes with a filler, the flow properties of which are similar to those of the ingot metal, and that by etching with acid or others can be removed again in a suitable manner. The block prepared in this way is subjected to an initial hot deformation subject, in which the holes lengthen. The hot forming consists of partial extrusion through an opening with a leaf profile. The part that did not come through the opening of the extruder forms the raw shape of the foot, while the extruded part gives the raw shape of the blade. The further deformation of this part is done, for example, by drop forging.

Bei Schaufeln, die nach dieser Methode hergestellt wurden, liegen die Eintrittsöffnungen der Kühlkanäle an der Stirnseite des Fußes. Bei manchen Turbinenoder Kompressorschaufeln ist aber gefordert, daß die Eintrittsöffnungen nicht an der Stirnfläche liegen, sondern an einer oder beiden Seitenflächen des Fußes ausmünden. Solche Schaufeln durch teilweise Strangpressen herzustellen, ist die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe.In the case of blades manufactured using this method, the inlet openings of the cooling channels are located at the front of the foot. With some turbine or compressor blades, however, it is required that the Inlet openings do not lie on the front surface, but open out on one or both side surfaces of the foot. Producing such blades by partial extrusion is the basis of the invention lying task.

Eine Lösung dieser Aufgabe besteht nach einem älteren, nicht vorbekannten Vorschlage darin, daß die Löcher im Block quer zur Blockachse vorgesehen werden und daher auch in dem nicht stranggepreßten Blockteil seitlich ausmünden, der alsdann noch spanabhebend zum Fußteil bearbeitet wird. Der in der Mittelzone des Blockes liegende Teil der Löcher gelangt in den stranggepreßten Teil und wird dabei in die Auspreßrichtung umgelenkt, so daß die Löcher innerhalb des Blattes im wesentlichen in dessen Längsrichtung verlaufen. Demgegenüber besteht die Erfindung darin, daß — wie an sich bekannt — von einem Rohblock mit längs gerichteten Löchern ausgegangen wird, die hier nun aber mit Bezug auf mindestens eine Seitenfläche des Fußes außerhalb derselben vorgesehen und beim Erzeugen dieser Seitenfläche durch Zerspannen in der Übergangszone vom ursprünglichen Lochverlauf im Rohblock zum Lochverlauf im stranggepreßten Blatt durchschnitten werden.A solution to this problem is, according to an older, not previously known proposal that the Holes are provided in the block transversely to the block axis and therefore also in the non-extruded Block part open out laterally, which is then machined to form the foot part. The one in the middle zone of the block lying part of the holes gets into the extruded part and is thereby in the Pressing direction deflected so that the holes within the sheet essentially in its longitudinal direction get lost. In contrast, the invention consists in that - as known per se - from a raw block It is assumed that the holes are aligned in the longitudinal direction, but here with reference to at least one side surface of the foot provided outside the same and when generating this side surface by machining in the transition zone from the original course of the hole in the raw block to the course of the hole in the extruded block Cut through the sheet.

Verfahren zur Herstellung
von Turbinen- oder Kompressorschaufeln mit Kühlkanälen durch StrangpressenMethod of manufacture
of turbine or compressor blades with cooling channels by extrusion

Anmelder:
Henry Wiggin & Company Limited,
LondonApplicant:
Henry Wiggin & Company Limited,
London

Vertreter: Dr.-Ing. G. Eichenberg
und Dipl.-Ing. H. Sauerland, Patentanwälte,
Düsseldorf, Cecilienallee 76Representative: Dr.-Ing. G. Eichenberg
and Dipl.-Ing. H. Sauerland, patent attorneys,
Düsseldorf, Cecilienallee 76

Beanspruchte Priorität:
Großbritannien vom 23. Oktober 1956Claimed priority:
Great Britain 23 October 1956

Campbell Clouston Hörne,
Thornliebank_r Glasgow (Großbritannien),
ist als Erfinder genannt wordenCampbell Clouston horns,
Thornliebank _r Glasgow (Great Britain),
has been named as the inventor

Die Löcher im Block können entweder parallel oder etwas geneigt zur Längsachse des Blockes liegen.The holes in the block can either be parallel or slightly inclined to the longitudinal axis of the block.

Weitere Einzelheiten gehen aus der nachstehenden Beschreibung zweier Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung hervor, die in der Zeichnung dargestellt sind. Dort zeigtFurther details can be found in the following description of two exemplary embodiments of the invention which are shown in the drawing. There shows

Fig. 1 eine stirnseitige Ansicht des Blockes,Fig. 1 is an end view of the block,

Fig. 2 einen Schnitt nach Linie II-II in Fig. 1,Fig. 2 is a section along line II-II in Fig. 1,

Fig. 3 einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch den Aufnehmer einer Strangpresse mit dem in Verformung befindlichen Block,3 shows a schematic longitudinal section through the receiver of an extruder with the in deformation located block,

Fig. 4 einen Längsschnitt durch einen in der Presse nach Fig. 3 hergestellten Formling,4 shows a longitudinal section through a molding produced in the press according to FIG. 3,

Fig. 5 einen Schnitt nach Linie V-V in Fig. 4,Fig. 5 is a section along line V-V in Fig. 4,

Fig. 6 einen nach der Fig. 5 entsprechenden Schnitt nach dem Schmieden des Formlings,6 shows a section corresponding to FIG. 5 after forging the molding,

Fig. 7 einen Längsschnitt durch das Fußende der Schaufel nach Bearbeitung des Fußes,7 shows a longitudinal section through the foot end of the shovel after the foot has been processed,

Fig. 8 eine der Fig. 1 entsprechende Ansicht durch einen abweichend gestalteten Block,8 shows a view corresponding to FIG. 1 through a differently designed block,

Fig. 9 einen Längsschnitt durch einen Teil eines Formlings, der aus dem Block nach Fig. 8 stranggepreßt ist und9 shows a longitudinal section through part of a molding which has been extruded from the block according to FIG is and

Fig. 10 einen Schnitt nach LiniieX-X in Fig. 9.FIG. 10 shows a section along line X-X in FIG. 9.

Bei dem in Fig. 1 bis 7 veranschaulichten Verfahren bildet ein quaderförmiger Block 1 aus einer Nickel-Chrom- oder Nickel-Chrom-Kobalt-Legierung hoher Kriechfestigkeit den Ausgangskörper. In diesen BlockIn the method illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 7, a cuboid block 1 is formed from a nickel-chromium or nickel-chromium-cobalt alloy with high creep strength is the starting body. In this block

809 769/165809 769/165

Claims

five blind holes 2 are drilled, namely three on one side and two on the other side of the central plane 3. These holes are then filled with a filler, for example an iron-manganese-titanium alloy.

The block prepared in this way is placed in the receiver 14 of an extrusion press and pressed through the opening 18 of a die 15 which is held by shoulders 16 . The die 15 is fitted into the transducer without play and has inclined surfaces 17 which extend up to the opening 18 .

The pressing process is interrupted when part of the block is still in the receiver 14 , so that an only partially extruded molding according to FIG.

4 is created. The cross-sectional shape of the pressed-out part 4 depends on the shape of the opening 18 and has the shape shown in FIG. The finished airfoil is produced from this part in one of the next process steps. From Fig. 5 it can be seen that the originally circular holes have received a lens cross-section as a result of the extrusion.

The base of the blade is formed from the non-extruded portion 5 of the molding. In this part, the holes are unchanged in their original position, i.e. at a distance W ₁ between the two rows of holes. This distance is significantly greater than the distance JV ₂ between the two rows of holes in the area of part 4. As a result, the holes are given a considerable inclination to the central longitudinal plane in the area between their mouths and the blade. They follow the flow of material in the extruded block, as can be seen at 6 . The inclination of the holes is determined to a large extent by the inclination β of the inclined surfaces 17 of the die 15 .

The opposite sides of the part 5 are then deformed so that they are represented by the dashed lines 20 in Fig.

5 assume the shape shown. The airfoil is then brought to a shape in which each cross-sectional area has the final shape over the entire length. This can be done by removing chips. Then the length of the part 4 no longer changes. The shaping can also be done by shaping rollers, the length of the part 4 changing. When part 4 has received the required cross-sectional area in each cross-section of its length, it is forged between dies without changing its length. With the forging, part 4 receives the final blade shape with the prescribed curvatures and bulges and, if necessary, with tapering. The result is shown in cross section in Fig.

6 shown. The purpose of preforming the sides of part 5 to the shape indicated at 20 is to prevent tearing of the material, especially where parts 4 and 5 merge when the molding is die forged; because both the actual blade part and the root are subjected to this operation.

The part 5 of the extruded and forged molding is now machined to produce a pine cone base 8 and a flange 9 according to FIG. The dashed lines show which material is removed. The machined side surfaces cut the inclined parts 6 of the holes so that their mouths 10 lie on the side of the foot. The holes are somewhat larger in width near the mouths than in the area within the actual blade part. This is an advantage with regard to the air supply.

The massive head part of the blade 4 can be upset to produce a head or shroud.

It is of course necessary to expose the ends of the holes 2 at the blade tip or in an upset head or shroud. This can be done by drilling short holes - which cut the filled holes. Instead, however, the solid end can also be cut off in order to create external openings for the holes if no shroud or head is being formed.

The last step in the process is the removal of the filler by dissolving it in acid.

The method can be used in a corresponding manner for the production of a single row of juxtaposed cooling channels within the airfoil of the blade. Then, as shown in FIG. 8, holes 11 are drilled only on one side of the central plane 3 of the block and a molding is produced from the block by extrusion, as shown in FIG. 9 with full lines. The further process steps are the same as in the process according to FIGS. 1 to

7. Finally, the shovel is provided with a flange 12 and a pine cone base 13 with opening cooling channels only on one side surface according to the dashed lines in FIG. 9.

The dimensions and shapes that the press tool is best given so that the orifices of the Cooling channels on the finished foot are located at the required distance from the foot end can be determined empirically.

PATENTANSPRUCH:PATENT CLAIM:

Process for the production of turbine or compressor blades with cooling channels opening out laterally from the blade root by extrusion of the longitudinal part of a raw block with holes which contain a subsequently removable filler that flows with the blade material, for the blade and processing of the non-pressed block part to the blade root, thereby characterized in that an unfinished block (1) with longitudinal holes (2 or 11) is assumed which, with respect to at least one side surface of the foot (8 or 13), extend outside the same and when this side surface is produced by machining in the transition zone (6 ) from the original course of the hole in the ingot to the course of the hole in the extruded sheet.

1 sheet of drawings