DE1052518B - Circuit arrangement for electrical remote control or remote monitoring of switching elements arranged in a substation - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN

In closed-loop arrangements for remote control or In industrial plants too, it is often necessary to have certain parts of these plants that are outside are within the reach of the operating personnel, to switch on and off with the help of electrical remote controls or to switch to certain operating functions. Usually there is also a response whether the remote control command for the remote part of the system is also correct arrived and has been executed. In addition, the function of the remote part of the system to be monitored by remote transmission of measured variables at the operator station.

Such circuits for electrical remote control or remote monitoring must work reliably and should with as little additional as possible Costs can be produced. A substantial part of the costs is generally eliminated on the one to be established between the control point and the remote-controlled or remotely monitored system Connecting lines. The invention is based on the object with the lowest possible Effort, a number of different types of connection lines To transmit remote control commands or a plurality of. Exercise monitoring operations. The effort to be used for the circuit should be included. additional switching elements such as relays and. Voltage sources should be as low as possible.

There are already known remote control circuits in which different direct currents via a trunk line Direction to be transmitted. By using the positive and negative separately Current direction can then, for example with the help of a polarized relay as a receiving element, two different commands are transmitted. In these circuits, however, the expense is one multi-cell accumulator battery or a corresponding rectifier arrangement, which positive or to release negative voltages is required. There are, also, circuits for remote control known, which work with alternating current for the excitation of the receiving organs. These In the known arrangements, receiving organs were designed as alternating current relays. This does not apply the. Possibility of transferring different ones by taking advantage of the different polarity To effect commands over the same line.

The invention offers the possibility of combining the advantages of the two known arrangements mentioned to unite, so that when the circuit is supplied with alternating current a transmission of several Commands via the same line is possible. This is preferably the use circuit arrangement to electrical

Remote control or remote monitoring

of arranged in a substation

Switching elements

Applicant:

Telefunken GmbH,
Berlin NW 87, Sickingenstr. 71

Dipl.-Ing. Paul-Gerhard Zehnel, Berlin-Steglitz,
has been named as the inventor

dung technical alternating current as supply current, so that not as in some known arrangements of the Effort from AC power sources, with different audio frequencies is required.

In a circuit for electrical remote control and / or remote monitoring of in a substation arranged switching elements, in which via a connecting line and its return line or earth a plurality of different ones in one direction Remote control signals or, in the other direction, a plurality of different remote monitoring signals or a number of said signals can be transmitted in both directions, in which one Furthermore, an AC voltage source in series with the common Vexbindungsleitung or the Rüddeitung is switched and the common connection line to their with the respective transmitter and receiver connected ends is divided into a pair of parallel branches, according to the invention for the separate Exploitation of the half-waves of opposite polarity in the parallel ones. Branches of both at least one of the pairs mentioned. Directional conductor connected in series with a transmitter or receiver element be, and the directors of the branches of a pair are said to be with respect to an assumed direction of the Instantaneous current in the common connecting line opposite forward directions exhibit.

By the given circuit, the positive ones and negative half-waves of the feeding

809 769/428

AC current is used separately for control and feedback purposes. The mutually corresponding Passage directions of the directional conductors working together with them in series Receiver elements can also be designed in such a way that the transmitter elements amplitude changes of the transmitted alternating current half-waves are suitable to which the receiver elements respond speak to. The amplitudes of the alternating current half-waves that are passed are preferably by the transmitter elements from one initial value, for example from zero to at least two different amounts changed, for example enlarged, and assigned to the donor elements Receiver elements are designed in such a way that one of them only responds to the larger of the two amplitude changes, another also responds to the smaller change in amplitude. The donor elements can do this in. simplest case be designed as an on-off switch. Around. the amplitude through To be able to set these switches to several levels, you can use one or more of these on-off switches appropriately dimensioned resistances to limit the resulting amplitudes of the allowed alternating current half-waves to be connected in series.

Due to the separate use of the positive and negative half-waves of the feeding alternating current in combination with the separate use of different amplitude levels, there is one for the Practice usually a sufficient number of different remote control commands or feedback processes that can be transmitted over a single line. A major advantage of the circuit according to the invention is that the remote control commands and the feedback signals can be transmitted simultaneously and continuously over the same line. The transmission of commands in one direction, which with the help of the one Half-wave of the feeding alternating current takes place, affects the transmission of the feedback signals in the others. Direction, which is determined by the utilization of the other half-wave of the feeding alternating current occurs, not at all. It is therefore not necessary to send a message to give a cotnmando Continuous pulse for the transmission of a second command pulse or a feedback to interrupt. Conversely, the same applies to a continuous feedback signal that is not interrupted must be in order to transmit other command or feedback signals over the same line.

The invention is in the treatment of tasks for the remote control of telecommunications systems of high frequency technology and therefore preferably applicable to such systems. Your application is but not limited to the field of high frequency technology. Even with systems for generation and Conversion of electrical energy occurs, similar remote control problems arise. The circuit after the Invention is therefore also with similar advantages for remote control and monitoring of. Dewatering suitable for power plants, lock gates, transformer stations, etc.

In the drawing, FIGS. 1 to 5 are different Exemplary embodiments of circuits according to the invention are shown.

In Fig. 1, L denotes the transmission line which connects the remote control center with the part of the system to be remotely controlled. In the left line, the line L splits into two parallel branches in which the directional conductors G ₁ and G _{2 are switched on} with opposite directions in relation to the currents coming from the line or flowing onto the line. In series with each directional conductor is one of the switches S ₁ and S ₂ - The two pivot points of the switches are connected to each other and to earth, which serves as a common return line. At the right end of the line at the remote-controlled station, the line also forks into two parallel branches in which the directional conductors G ₃ and G _{4 are switched on} in the same way as the directional conductors G ₁ and G ₂ in the branch of the control point. In series with the directional ladders G., and G ₄ are the receptors A and B in the form of electromagnetic contact relays. The relay windings are bridged by capacitors. The upper end of the secondary winding of the transformer T _{1 is} connected to both relay windings. The lower end of the secondary winding is grounded. The primary side of the transformer is connected to the power grid.

If the switch S _{1 is} closed in the circuit described, the current flows from the secondary winding of the transformer T ₁ via the relay A, the directional conductor G ₃ , the line L, the directional conductor G ₁ , the switch S ₁ and back via earth. Only one of the two half-waves of the secondary voltage of the transformer T ₁ can cause a current to flow, namely that half-wave which corresponds to _{the forward direction of the directional conductors G 1} and G _3. The current flowing by closing the switch S ₁ has such a direction that it can only operate the receiving element A in the device to be remotely controlled, because it is blocked from the path via the Richtlaiter G ₄ and the receiving element B. By operating the switches S ₁ and S _{2 separately} , the receiving elements A and B can accordingly be made to respond individually. By simultaneously actuating the switches mentioned, however, both receiving ^{elements 1 can} also be excited at the same time.

In. FIG. 1 a shows an additional circuit diagram from which it can be seen how three different remote control commands can be formed with the circuit shown in FIG. 1. With command I the working contact α of relay A is closed, with command II the working contact b of relay B is closed accordingly. Command ¹ III. results from the simultaneous closing of the working contacts of A and B, which causes a relay C to respond. This provides by closing its working contact c of the command execution and III prevented by open its normally-closed contacts c, that also the commands I and II are executed.

In Fig. 2, an embodiment of the circuit according to the invention is shown, in which in addition to the separate use of the positive and. negative half-wave, two different amplitude levels can also be used. For this purpose the Geberteill shown on the left has in addition to the switches S ₁ and S ₂ nor the switch S ₃ and 6 _"4. With the switch S ₃ is the resistance R ₁ and the switch S _11, the resistance R ₂ is connected in series The separate utilization of positive and negative half-waves is brought about, as in Fig. 1, by the corresponding arrangement of the directional guides G ₁ and G _4. In the receiver side shown on the right, there are also the

Jl \ J \ J tl

Relays A and B in the two parallel branches also provide relays C and D , which have a greater sensitivity than A and B and therefore respond when the transmitter circuit is closed via one of the switches S _z or S _i . If one of the switches S ₁ or S _{2 is} closed, the associated one of the two relays A and B also responds. So that the more sensitive relays C and D are not overloaded in this case, normally closed contacts α and b of A and B are placed in the excitation circuits of C and D , respectively. As in FIG. 1, the relay windings are bridged by the capacitors K _1.

With the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 circuit a total of eight different commands can be transmitted when one according to FIG. 2 a further relay E, F, G and H added increases, and controlled by, the contact combinations represented by A, B, C and D leaves. Those belonging to the individual relays. Contacts are each labeled with the corresponding small letters. The normally open contacts are denoted by an empty triangle and the normally closed contacts are denoted by a solid triangle. The commands I to IV result similarly to Fig. La. By closing the working contacts a, b, c or d. Since the simultaneous closing of two of these contacts is to be used as a criterion for further commands, there are normally closed contacts of the additional relays E, F, G and H in the control circuits for commands I to IV, so that, as in FIG. 1 a, not at the same time Closing two of the contacts α to d also one of the commands I to IV is executed. For the command V, for example, the make contacts α and b close. The relay E is energized and closes its normally open contact e, so that command · V is carried out. At the same time, however, the rest contacts e in the command circuits I and II open, so that these latter commands are not carried out. The same applies to commands VI, VII and VIII as well as the function of relays F, G and H.

3 shows a circuit in which, using the principle of the invention, feedback from the remotely controlled part of the system or remote monitoring of this part of the system can be effected via the line L. Here is the. left side of the circuit is the receiver side, which contains the receiving elements M ₁ and M ₂ , preferably in the form of pointer measuring mechanisms, for example with a moving coil system. The right side is the donor side. In addition to the voltage of the transformer T ₁ , which is fed to the circuit in the same way as was described with reference to the previous figures, the parallel transmitter branches are also fed with voltages via the transformers T ₂ and T ₃ . The arrangement is such that the voltages originating from T ₂ and T _{3 are} in phase opposition to the voltage coming _{from T 1} with respect to currents on the common connecting line L. The transformers T ₂ and T ₃ fulfill the task of measuring value couplers in this circuit, for which purpose the voltages supplied by them to the encoder branches are made unambiguously dependent on the operating variable to be monitored. This may for example by a corresponding change in transformer coupling, for example by means of a variable bias of the transformer core, are caused .. The isolator G ₅ and G ₆ have the purpose in the secondary circuit of the transformer T ₂ and T _3, only the unused in the associated transmitter branch Half-wave of the alternating current to flow, to let come. For example, the directional conductor G ₅ only lets through that half-wave of the alternating current which reaches the receiving element M _{1 via the directional conductor G 3} , the transmission line L and the directional conductor G _1. If in the secondary circuit of the transformer T ₂ the oppositely directed half-wave would also flow, one

ίο lead amplitude-modulated current with the associated measured variable, this could reach the receiving element M _{2 because of the short-circuit character of the parallel branches G 3} , R _z , G ₄ , R ₁ and falsify the measurement result. The same applies in reverse to the effect of the directional conductor G ₀ in the secondary _{circuit of the transformer T 3} .

4 shows a circuit in which, from the left side, the relays B and D on the right side can be made to respond in two amplitude stages via the switches S ₂ and 6 " _4. In addition, from the right side with the aid of the from the voltage supplied by the transformer T ₂ , feedback is possible, which is displayed in the receiving element M _1. The circuit according to Fig. 4 thus represents a combination of the circuit of Fig. 2 with the circuit of Fig. 3. A further explanation of its mode of operation appears therefore not to be required.

The transformers T ₂ and T ₃ of FIGS. 3 and 4 can also be replaced by choke coils, the iron core of which is magnetized by a current associated with the variable to be monitored. Only the alternating voltage supplied _{by the transformer T 1} then acts as the driving voltage.

FIG. 5 shows a circuit in which, by applying the invention, it is possible to transmit two or , using the option described in connection with FIG. 1a, to transmit three remote control commands and return two continuous control signals. By closing the switch S ₁ or S ₀ , either the relay A or the relay B is energized, as in the circuit according to FIG. 1. By closing both switches at the same time, both relays can be energized at the same time. The receiving elements Mj and M ₂ for the feedback signals are connected in parallel to the switches S ₁ and S _2. Their effectiveness is only interrupted for the duration of the transmission of a command. The continuous feedback of two control signals takes place according to the principle shown in FIG. 3 by means of the measured value couplers T ₂ and T ₃ . The resistors R ₅ and R ₆ are dimensioned so that the relays A and B do not respond to the voltages emitted _{by T 2} and T _{3 alone and.} the measured value couplers are not too heavily loaded by the windings of A and B.

Claims (8)

Patent claims: 1. Circuit for electrical remote control and / or remote monitoring of in a substation arranged switching elements, in which via a connecting line and its return line or earth in one direction a plurality of different remote control signals or in the other direction a plurality of different remote monitoring signals or in a number of the named signals can be transmitted in both directions, with the common samen X ^ erbindungsleitung or the return line an AC voltage source is connected in series and the common connection line at their with the respective. Donors and. Receiver connected ends is divided into a pair of parallel branches, characterized in that for the separate use of the half-waves of opposite polarity in the parallel branches of both pairs mentioned at least one directional conductor (G ₁ , G ₂ , G ₃ , G ₄ ) with is connected in series and that the directional conductors of the branches of a pair have opposite directions in relation to an assumed direction of the instantaneous current in the common connecting line (L). 2. A circuit according to claim 1, characterized in that the transmitter and receiver elements cooperating with them in series-connected directional conductors by mutually corresponding transmission directions are designed such that the transmitter elements (S ₁ , S ₂ ) cause amplitude changes of the alternating current half-waves left on. are suitable to which the receiver elements (A, B) respond. 3. A circuit naahi claim 2, characterized in that the amplitude of the transmitted WechselstiOmhalbwellen through transmitter elements (S ₁ , S ₃ ) from an initial value, preferably from zero, to at least two different amounts can be changed, preferably increased, and that the transmitter elements at least two receiver elements (A, C) are assigned, one of which only responds to the larger of the two amplitude changes, the other also to the smaller amplitude change. 4. Circuit according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that of the transmitter elements (S ₁ , S ₂ , S _z , 5 " ₄ ) designed as on-off switches, at least two are provided in. A transmitter branch, which except for one element each with a resistor (R ₁ , R ₂ ) to limit the amplitudes that are set, the transmitted alternating half-waves are connected in series. 5. Circuit according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that as transmitter elements Choke coils are provided, the iron core of which is connected to the size to be monitored Current is magnetized. 6. Circuit according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that transducers (T ₂ , T ₁ ) are provided as transmitter elements. Which; Introduce an alternating voltage into the transmitter branches, which have _{the same frequency as the voltage of the alternating voltage source (T 1} ), but opposite in relation to the currents to the alternating voltage source caused by the individual voltages in the common connecting line. Phase have, and. that the voltages introduced by 'the transformers into the encoder branches' are variable depending on (I to be monitored (inisscu), for example by changing the coupling of the transformers accordingly, preferably by changing the premagnetization. 7. A circuit according to claim 6, characterized in that in. A connection of a transformer with a transmitter branch, a directional conductor (G ₅ , G ₆ ) is switched on with such a forward direction that only the half-wave of the alternating current used in the associated transmitter branch is passed to the transmitter branch . 8. A circuit according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the receiver elements (A, B) are designed as electromagnetic relays, preferably with two or more sensitivity levels, or as pointer measuring mechanisms. Q. Circuit according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that on one side of the common transmission line (L) at least one transmitter element (S ₂ ) for remote control and a receiver element (M ₁ ) for remote monitoring and on the other side of said line and the corresponding receiver, Geberelemcnte are arranged, for example, a receiver element (M ₁₎ is connected in parallel to one designed as on-off switch donor element (^ ₁₎ (Fig. 5). In. Considered publications:
German Patent No. 673,690;
French Patent No. 829 053. 1 sheet of drawings © 809 769/428 3.59