DE10348987B4 - Apparatus for performing low-temperature pyrolysis of rubber products and composite products - Google Patents

Abstract

Apparatus for performing low-temperature pyrolysis of rubber products and composite products,
- comprising a pyrolysis furnace (1), a preheating chamber (26) and a cooling chamber (27) and at least one reaction vessel (2),
- wherein the pyrolysis furnace (1) with the preheating chamber (26) via a heat supply line (10) is connected and wherein the supplied heat for preheating the preheating chamber (26) is usable,
Wherein there is further provided a pyrolysis gas condenser (12), a pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil separation unit (23), a pyrolysis oil tank (22) and a non-condensed pyrolysis gas gas flare (24),
- The reaction vessel (2) from a thermally insulated reaction vessel lid (35) with connecting pieces (30,7) and from a reaction vessel lower part (36) and in the pyrolysis furnace (1), in the preheating chamber (26) and in the Auskühlkammer (27) can be introduced by means of a transport device,
- wherein the transport device (8,3) is associated with a rail system (34) which connects the pyrolysis furnace (1), the preheating chamber (26) and the cooling chamber (27) rail-related, and

Description

The The invention relates to a device for carrying out a low-temperature pyrolysis of rubber products and composite products with batch pyrolysis for the separation of steel-rubber or similar composite products in order Production of carbon granules, pyrolysis oil, residual gas and metallic Ingredients.

The Device is used for industrial recovery, in particular decommissioned Rubber products or rubber-like Composite products. This z. B. from tires, rubber coated chain links, Reinforced rubber straps, old cars, electronic waste or similar. by Low-temperature pyrolysis produces a carbon granules. Besides fall pyrolysis oil and residual gas. The metallic parts are recovered.

pyrolytic Methods and apparatus for the treatment of organic matter and mixtures are well known.

For example, the patent describes DE 695 11 626 T2 Pyrolysis of waste in an internally heated rotary kiln.

In the DE 199 30 071 C2 is reported on a method and apparatus for pyrolysis and gasification of organic substances and mixtures. Here, the organic material is brought into contact with the fluidized bed material of the combustion fluidized bed. Pyrolysis products are formed in the form of gases with condensable substances and carbonaceous residues.

With the patent DE 44 41 423 A1 There is described a pyrolysis process and apparatus which results in the recovery of recoverable gas from waste. In this case, a pyrolysis drum is used.

The patent DE 40 11 945 C1 describes a low-temperature pyrolysis for degassing of organic material in a heated pyrolysis chamber in which the pyrolysis is compressed and in this state passes through the chamber. The gaseous pyrolysis products are removed.

The Previously known methods work with rotary kilns, pyrolysis drums, in the Fluidized bed, under pressure, with compacting of the material or under chemically inert atmosphere with the exclusion of oxygen. These are increased expenses for the devices required in terms of material, energy and logistics.

By the use of protective gases (non-oxidizing atmosphere) falls the Throughput at comparable units lower. The Generation of a fluidized bed in fluidized bed reactors requires a increased Energy expenditure, since once the fluidized bed must be "entertained" and on the other hand, the materials to be pyrolyzed mechanically worked up so Need to become, that they can effectively contact the fluidized bed.

• – eine Waschvorrichtung für die Gummierzeugnisse und Gummi-Verbundprodukte,
• – eine Schreddereinheit zur Zerkleinerung,
• – eine Fülleinrichtung zum Befüllen von Reaktionsbehältern,
• – eine Trocknungsanlage, die mit Abwärme aus der Wärmerückgewinnung betrieben werden kann,
• – eine Transporteinrichtung zum Transportieren der befüllten Reaktionsbehälter zum Vorwärmer und weiter zum Pyrolyseofen,
• – einen Pyrolyseofen zur prozesstechnischen Behandlung des Reaktionsbehälters,
• – eine Einrichtung zum definierten Abkühlen des Reaktionsbehälters, und weiterhin
• – ein zentrales Regelsystem, das die Schnttstellen im Prozessablauf überwacht und steuert.

Furthermore, a plant for carrying out a low-temperature pyrolysis in the document DE 102 19 440 A1 describes, among other things, the following units:

• - a washing device for the rubber products and rubber composite products,
• A shredding unit for shredding,
• A filling device for filling reaction containers,
• - a drying plant, which can be operated with waste heat from heat recovery,
• A transport device for transporting the filled reaction vessels to the preheater and further to the pyrolysis furnace,
• A pyrolysis furnace for the process-technical treatment of the reaction vessel,
• - A device for the defined cooling of the reaction vessel, and continue
• - A central control system that monitors and controls the interfaces in the process flow.

When Transporters are mainly forklift trucks as well as less Trolleys or bogies are used, which represent separate units and big time delays on the distances between pyrolysis furnace, preheater, cooling device and the resulting uncontrolled temperature events in and on the reaction vessel cause. A controllable with the control system temperature sequence outside the pyrolysis with the outside of pyrolysis, preheater and cooling device transportable reaction vessel is difficult to achieve due to existing temperature fluctuations.

The document DE 100 58 162 A1 describes a process for smoldering waste rubber products in which the waste rubber products are preheated and placed in a reactor, the reactor is set in a warm-up and heated to about 450 ° C, the smoldering gases are collected and condensed by a mountable line system and the reactor after Separation of the condenser from the heating device is brought into the preheating chamber, wherein the use of a reaction container is provided, which can be in communication with a rail-associated transport device.

The patent US 4 401 513 A describes one A thermal decomposition system for shredded tires, comprising a furnace heated by a flow of hot air, a gas collection and condensation system, and a pyrolysis vessel that can be moved on a rail system.

Of the The invention is therefore based on the object, a device for execution low-temperature pyrolysis of rubber products and composite products specify that is designed to be constructive simple and inexpensive is feasible. It should also be the logistics of the reaction vessel for Pyrolysis furnace, for preheating chamber and to the cooling chamber be improved. Furthermore, the number of participants involved reaction vessel and their throughput can be significantly increased.

The Task is solved with the features of claim 1. In the Apparatus for carrying out low-temperature pyrolysis of rubber products and composite products, comprising a pyrolysis furnace, a preheating chamber and a cooling chamber and at least one reaction vessel, wherein the pyrolysis furnace with the preheat chamber over one Heat supply line is connected and the supplied Heat the preheating heated being a capacitor for the pyrolysis gas, a separation unit for pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil, a pyrolysis oil tank and a gas torch for not Condensed pyrolysis gas are provided and wherein the reaction vessel from a thermally insulated reaction container lid with connection piece as well as from a reaction container lower part trained and in the pyrolysis furnace, in the preheat chamber and in the Auskühlkammer can be introduced by means of a transport device, wherein the transport device a Rail system is assigned to the pyrolysis, the preheat chamber and the cooling chamber rail-related, wherein the reaction vessel with the rail-associated transport device communicates and either to a owner's own suspension in the aligned pyrolysis, the preheat chamber and the cooling chamber or between each with a back wall and at least one hinged door with door guides provided pyrolysis furnace, preheat chamber and cooling chamber designed for loading and unloading transportable.

The Transport device may be a Einschienenkatze for receiving the suspension represent, which is the heat-insulated Reaction container lid having. As a result, the reaction vessel is in each case from the pyrolysis furnace, the preheating chamber and the cooling chamber designed liftable.

Of the Pyrolysis furnace, the preheating chamber and the cooling chamber can be aligned under the Einschienenkatze and the reaction vessel characterized by the Einschienenkatze between the pyrolysis, the preheating chamber and the cooling chamber transportable.

The Transport device for a reaction vessel can also be a buggy. The reaction containers are on bogies placed and transported.

The Connecting piece on the thermally insulated Reaction container lid can a trigger system connection piece and a pyrolysis gas connection piece be with a valve.

A Design for shortening the set-up times Before and after the pyrolysis results from the fact that a quick release device is provided over connectable to the pyrolysis gas connection piece with the capacitor is.

Of the thermally insulated Reaction vessel lid can have a water-cooled Rubber seal or a sand cup with the pyrolysis furnace and with the reaction vessel lower part be connected.

The Heat supply line to the preheating chamber may be an exhaust pipe in which the exhaust gas of a burner of led the heating of the pyrolysis furnace for pyrolysis and at the same time to heat the preheating is provided.

Advantageous become the spaces between from pyrolysis furnace, preheat chamber and cooling chamber via a Cover connected together.

A preferred embodiment of the Auskühlkammer results from if in the lower part supply air openings and an exhaust duct are arranged in the upper region, wherein into the cooling chamber incoming Supply this over leaves the exhaust duct and doing the reaction vessel in the cooling chamber cools.

These advantageous effect is further improved by the fact that in the exhaust duct for support the air flow a fan is arranged.

Of the Exhaust chimney is then connected to the preheat chamber alone, when all of the exhaust gas from the burners is passed over the preheat chamber.

The need for energy-efficient use of the device according to the invention takes into account that the exhaust duct of the cooling chamber and / or the exhaust stack of the preheater Chamber have a heat exchanger for heat recovery.

Further Details, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent the following description of embodiments with reference on the associated Drawings. Show it:

1 Device for carrying out a low-temperature pyrolysis in side view,

2 Apparatus for carrying out a low-temperature pyrolysis in plan view,

3 Pyrolysis furnace with swing doors and rail system in plan view.

The following will be 1 and 3 considered together.

In 1 the device according to the invention for carrying out a low-temperature pyrolysis is shown schematically in the side view. The apparatus for performing low temperature pyrolysis of rubber products and composite products comprises a pyrolysis furnace 1 , a preheating chamber 26 and a cooling chamber 27 and at least one reaction vessel, wherein the pyrolysis furnace 1 with the preheat chamber 26 via a heat supply line 10 is connected and the heat supplied to the preheat chamber 26 heated, being a capacitor 12 for the pyrolysis gas, a separation unit 23 for pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil, a pyrolysis oil tank 22 and a gas torch 24 are provided for non-condensed pyrolysis gas and wherein the reaction vessel 2 from a thermally insulated reaction vessel lid 35 with connection piece 30 . 7 and from a reaction vessel lower part 36 trained and in the pyrolysis furnace 1 , in the preheat chamber 26 and in the cooling chamber 27 can be introduced by means of a transport device.

According to the invention, the transport device 8th . 3 a rail system 34 assigned to the pyrolysis furnace 1 , the preheating chamber 26 and the cooling chamber 27 rail-related, wherein the reaction vessel 2 with the rail-associated transport device 8th . 3 communicating and either on a trainer's own suspension device 37 in the aligned pyrolysis furnace 1 , the preheating chamber 26 and the cooling chamber 27 or between each with a back wall 31 and at least one hinged door 32 with door guides 33 provided pyrolysis furnace 1 , Preheat chamber 26 and cooling chamber 27 designed for loading and unloading transportable.

The transport device 8th in 1 provides a Einschienenkatze for receiving the suspension 37 represents the heat-insulated reaction vessel lid 35 having.

Here are the pyrolysis furnace 1 , the preheating chamber 26 and the cooling chamber 27 Aligned under the monorail cat 8th arranged.

The transport device 3 for a reaction vessel 2 can also a buggy 3 be like in 3 is shown.

The connecting pieces on the thermally insulated reaction container lid 35 in 1 and 2 are a trigger system connector 30 and a pyrolysis gas spigot 7 with a valve 6 ,

In the 2 shown heat supply line to the preheat chamber 26 is an exhaust pipe 10 in which the exhaust gas of a burner 4 from the heating of the pyrolysis furnace 1 led to pyrolysis and at the same time to heat the preheating chamber 26 is provided.

In 1 are the pyrolysis stove 1 , the preheating chamber 26 and the cooling chamber 27 shown side by side. The chambers and the oven are with the reaction vessels 2 fed from above.

The pyrolysis stove 1 , as it were the core of the device, consists of an insulated chamber with connections for one or more burners 4 , The thermal insulation of the pyrolysis furnace 1 is ensured on the side and bottom by the customer, while the insulation upwards through the special reaction vessel lid 35 with isolation 18 is guaranteed.

At the reaction tank lid 35 is still the connection piece for the trigger system 30 over which the reaction vessel 2 can be connected if required. Furthermore, the reaction vessel lid 35 the pyrolysis gas connection piece 7 on, which with the pyrolysis gas valve 6 is formed lockable. The pyrolysis gas line is by means of the quick release device 11 with the condenser for the pyrolysis gas 12 connected. The quick release device 11 ensures short changeover times when batchwise changing the reaction vessel 2 with the reaction vessel lids 35 ,

The condenser for the pyrolysis gas 12 is cooled by cooling water, this is a cooling water flow 13 and a cooling water return 14 intended. The cooling of the pyrolysis gas is carried out by the cooling water countercurrent principle. The non-condensed pyrolysis gas and condensing te pyrolysis oil pass through a line system in the separation unit 23 for pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil. In the separation unit 23 is the catch bell 21 provided for the pyrolysis gas, in which collects the non-condensable portion of the pyrolysis gas and is then fed to a flaring. Flaring is the gas torch 24 used, and the heat released is via a heat exchanger after flaring 25 fed to a thermal use. The condensed and separated pyrolysis oil is removed from the separation unit 23 via a pyrolysis oil feed pump 19 in the pyrolysis oil tank 22 promoted. Preferably, the pyrolysis oil is used for the heat supply for the low-temperature pyrolysis. The burners 4 are preferably designed so that a use of fuel oil, pyrolysis oil and after conversion of natural gas is possible to the pyrolysis furnace 1 to operate.

At the reaction tank lid 35 is still the suspension device 37 attached, with which the reaction vessel 2 by means of the monorail cat 8th and the associated rail system can be transported. Particularly efficient are the pyrolysis ovens 1 , the preheating chambers 26 and the cooling chambers 27 to be aligned under the rail of the monorail cat 8th arranged.

The reaction vessel lid 35 is through a water-cooled rubber seal or a sand cup 28 opposite the pyrolysis furnace 1 and the reaction vessel lower part 36 sealed, so that the resulting pyrolysis gas the sealed and closed system only via the pyrolysis gas connection 7 to the condenser for the pyrolysis gas 12 can leave.

Between the pyrolysis stove 1 and the preheat chamber 26 as well as the cooling chamber 27 are covers 9 intended.

The exhaust of the burner 4 leaves the interior of the pyrolysis furnace 1 after heating the reaction vessel 2 about one in 2 illustrated exhaust pipe 10 and gets into the preheat chamber 26 to preheat the next batch of pyrolysis material.

The exhaust gas leaves the preheat chamber 26 and enters the exhaust chimney 15 where the exhaust gas is discharged through the roof. In the exhaust chimney 15 is a heat exchanger for heat recovery for reasons of energy efficiency 17 arranged, whereby a part of the waste heat used in the system and the heat loss is minimized.

After low-temperature pyrolysis in the pyrolysis furnace 1 becomes the reaction vessel 2 by means of the monorail cat 8th in the cooling chamber 27 transported, in which supply air openings 29 as well as an exhaust duct 20 are provided. The cooling of the reaction vessel 2 done by the ambient air. It creates a thermal through the lower area through the supply air 29 incoming cool ambient air and the outflow of heated air rising upwards. To support the cooling becomes a fan 38 used.

According to 2 the apparatus for performing the low-temperature pyrolysis is shown in plan view. In particular, the illustration shows the aligned arrangement and the insulation conditions of pyrolysis furnace 1 to preheat chamber 26 and cooling chamber 27 , The preheat chamber 26 is via the exhaust pipe of the pyrolysis furnace 10 for reuse of the exhaust gas of the burner 4 of the pyrolysis furnace 1 directly and simultaneously involved in the process of low-temperature pyrolysis. As a result, during the pyrolysis of the batch of the pyrolysis 1 located reaction vessel 2 at the same time the next batch in the reaction vessel 2 the preheating chamber 26 prepared.

The cooled exhaust gas leaves after the preheating of the reaction vessel 2 in the preheat chamber 26 over the exhaust chimney 15 the system. During pyrolysis and preheating thermally coupled in the pyrolysis furnace 1 and the preheat chamber 26 drain, cools the previous batch in the reaction vessel 2 the cooling chamber 27 through the ambient air. The naturally occurring thermals are thereby caused by the fan 38 in the exhaust duct 20 supported.

In 3 are to some extent the pyrolysis furnace 1 , the preheating chamber 26 and the cooling chamber 27 in terms of logistics via the rail system 34 connected with each other. The reaction vessels 2 be on the buggy 3 placed as a transport device and by means of the rail system 34 transported.

The pyrolysis stove 1 , the preheating chamber 26 as well as the cooling chamber 27 are executed in several parts. The back wall 31 is preferred with two swing doors 32 connected. The swing doors 32 be used for the loading and removal of reaction vessels 2 opened and preferably over the door guides 33 supported moved. After cooling the reaction vessel 2 Be the ones in the reaction tanks 2 remaining recyclables, the carbon granules and the separated metals.

Of particular advantage of the use of the illustrated invention is that the batchwise treatment of the input material made a special influence on the starting materials possible light. The carbon granules produced in this way serve as the starting material for the production of activated carbon with a specific surface area of 800 to 1,240 square meters per gram with an average yield of 40%.

As well sulfur and hydrogen are a by-product of low-temperature pyrolysis which can be supplied for further utilization.

The device according to the invention is particularly suitable for extensive cost-efficient expansion. The modular design of the device allows the optional extension of both the capacities for the individual modules and the total capacity. The reaction vessels used 2 are dimensioned so that they can absorb an input of up to 10 tons. Through the use of modules, for example, the use of five to ten reaction vessels, the throughput can be gradually increased and thus flexibly adapted to the respective market situation.

1

pyrolysis furnace

2

reaction vessel

3

bogie

4

burner

5

thermocouple

6

Pyrolysegasventil

7

Pyrolysegasanschlussstutzen

8th

Monorail Cat

9

cover

10

exhaust pipe pyrolysis furnace

11

Quick clamping device

12

capacitor for pyrolysis gas

13

Cooling water supply

14

Cooling water return

15

Flue chimney

16

Abgasabsperrschieber

17

Heat exchangers / heat recovery

18

insulation

19

Pyrolyseölförderpumpe

20

Fort duct

21

collecting bell pyrolysis

22

Pyrolyseöltank

23

separation unit of pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil

24

Gas Torch

25

Heat exchanger after flaring

26

preheating

27

Auskühlkammer

28

water-cooled rubber seal or sand cup

29

supply air

30

spigot for exhaust system

31

rear wall

32

hinged door

33

door guide

34

rail system for container wagons

35

Reaction container lid

36

Reaction container base

37

suspension

38

fan

Claims (13)

Device for carrying out a low-temperature pyrolysis of rubber products and composite products, comprising - a pyrolysis furnace ( 1 ), a preheating chamber ( 26 ) and a cooling chamber ( 27 ) and at least one reaction vessel ( 2 ), - wherein the pyrolysis furnace ( 1 ) with the preheating chamber ( 26 ) via a heat supply line ( 10 ) and wherein the supplied heat for preheating the preheating chamber ( 26 ) is usable, - wherein furthermore a capacitor ( 12 ) for the pyrolysis gas, a separation unit ( 23 ) for pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis oil, a pyrolysis oil tank ( 22 ) and a gas torch ( 24 ) are provided for non-condensed pyrolysis gas, - wherein the reaction vessel ( 2 ) from a thermally insulated reaction container lid ( 35 ) with connecting pieces ( 30 . 7 ) as well as from a reaction vessel lower part ( 36 ) and into the pyrolysis furnace ( 1 ), into the preheat chamber ( 26 ) and into the cooling chamber ( 27 ) can be introduced by means of a transport device, - wherein the transport device ( 8th . 3 ) a rail system ( 34 ) associated with the pyrolysis furnace ( 1 ), the preheating chamber ( 26 ) and the cooling chamber ( 27 ) is interconnected rail-related, and - wherein the reaction vessel ( 2 ) with the rail-associated transport device ( 8th . 3 ) and either on a trainer's own suspension device ( 37 ) in the aligned pyrolysis furnace ( 1 ), the preheating chamber ( 26 ) and the cooling chamber ( 27 ) or between each with a back wall ( 31 ) and at least one hinged door ( 32 ) with door guides ( 33 ) provided pyrolysis furnace ( 1 ), Preheat chamber ( 26 ) and cooling chamber ( 27 ) is designed transportable for loading and unloading. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the transport device a Einschienenkatze ( 8th ) for receiving the suspension device ( 37 ), the heat-insulated reaction container lid ( 35 ) having. Device according to claim 2, characterized in that the pyrolysis furnace ( 1 ), the preheating chamber ( 26 ) and the cooling chamber ( 27 ) aligned under the monorail cat ( 8th ) are arranged. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the transport device for a reaction vessel ( 2 ) a buggy car ( 3 ). Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the connecting pieces on the thermally insulated reaction container lid ( 35 ) a trigger system connecting piece ( 30 ) and a pyrolysis gas connection piece ( 7 ) with a valve ( 6 ) are. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that a quick-release device ( 11 ) is provided, via which the pyrolysis gas connection piece ( 7 ) with the capacitor ( 12 ) is connectable. Apparatus according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the thermally insulated reaction container lid ( 35 ) via a water-cooled rubber seal or a sand cup ( 28 ) with the pyrolysis furnace ( 1 ) and with the reaction vessel lower part ( 36 ) connected is. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat supply line an exhaust pipe ( 10 ) in which the exhaust gas of a burner ( 4 ) of the heating of the pyrolysis furnace ( 1 ) led to pyrolysis and at the same time for heating the preheating chamber ( 26 ) is provided. Device according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the pyrolysis furnace ( 1 ), the preheating chamber ( 26 ) and the cooling chamber ( 27 ) via a cover ( 9 ) are interconnected. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the cooling chamber ( 27 ) in the lower area via supply air openings ( 29 ) and in the upper area via an exhaust duct ( 20 ), whereby the into the Auskühlkammer ( 27 ) incoming air this via the exhaust duct ( 20 ) leaves while the reaction vessel ( 2 ) in the cooling chamber ( 27 ) cools. Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that in the exhaust duct ( 20 ) to support the air flow a fan ( 38 ) is arranged. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the preheating chamber ( 26 ) an exhaust chimney ( 15 ) having. Apparatus according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the exhaust air shaft ( 20 ) and / or the exhaust stack ( 15 ) a heat exchanger ( 17 ) have for heat recovery.