DE10343653B3 - Air-conditioned mobile container - Google Patents

Abstract

The mobile shelter has a useful space (2) and a technical space (1), housed within the shelter or within a separate housing and containing a cold water climate-control unit (9,10), providing cooling, heating and fresh air supply for the useful space. The climate-control unit has a cooling medium circuit (91,101) coupled to a salt-water circuit (4,5), in turn coupled to a convector (15,17) installed in the useful space.

Description

The The invention relates to an air-conditioned mobile container after Preamble of claim 1.

The military associations of all nations use for military, logistic, sanitary and civilian tasks of various kinds according to equipped containers (often referred to as shelters) of different sizes.

Of the military, worldwide use, especially in extreme environmental conditions, as well provide technical and medical assistance in the event of a disaster intensified Requirements for air conditioning and operational reliability this container.

To NATO Standardization Agreement 2895 covers the application temperature from at least -32 up to + 49 ° C, high humidities, sand and dust. Experience has shown that, e.g. In the Middle East the ambient temperatures do not exceed the stated maximum exceed negligible. In case of high waste heat from in containers integrated mobile work spaces must be low even Ambient temperatures cooled become. After all apply sharp requirements for the fresh air requirement, the hygiene of the air exchange including ABC protection. The mobility of the overall system the need for high reliability and partial redundancy. And overall that should help to realize these technical requirements needed Construction volume as small as possible stay to the working space of the container for the needs of the technical room do not restrict too much to have to.

The appropriate adjustment commercially available Equipment, Often the change of refrigerant as well various functional units requires too many compromises and remains unsatisfactory.

The DE 100 49 067 A1 describes a container with working space and associated equipment room in which an air conditioner is present. To improve the sound insulation, the partition wall between the working space and the technical room is double-walled, the resulting cavity is used for the guidance of fresh air and circulating air. The partition wall is pierced with supply air and return air openings.

In the JP 2003065559 A An air conditioning system consisting of two functionally identical submodules for air conditioning of several rooms is described. The sub-modules can be operated either independently of each other or together, such that the cooling air flows of the sub-modules can be divided in different proportions to the rooms to be air-conditioned.

It The object of the invention is an air-conditioned container for the worldwide Use to create, in particular, improved thermal insulation between Technical room and working space of the container can be achieved.

These The object is achieved with the subject matter of claim 1. advantageous Finishes are Subject of dependent claims.

Of the mobile according to the invention Container comprises a work space and a container associated with the container Engineering room, which forms either a subspace of the container or a separate housing is. The technical room contains for cooling, heating and fresh air supply of the working space a cold water air conditioning with coolant circuit and coupled brine circuit. Because the used air conditioning for temperature control and fresh air supply, but not for control the humidity is designed, such air conditioning is often also referred to as partial air conditioning.

The Cold water air conditioning consists of several, preferably two functional (not necessarily in terms of performance) identical and with each other coupled sub-modules that are both independent and common can be operated. The submodules are coupled with fan coil units, wherein at least one fan coil within the workspace is installed.

If also the distribution of the maximum power requirement for air conditioning a container on two or more sub-modules to a something higher Construction volume leads, so are the advantages in the increased security of supply and availability of at least two performance variables for requirements situations smaller and larger power requirements, if modules of different power are selected. Of course they are in the context of the invention but also versions with the same power the two modules possible.

• – Kältemittelkreis, umfassend Kälteverdichter, Kondensator mit Gebläse, Expansionsventil, Plattenwärmetauscher Kältemittel/Sole als Verdampfer sowie
• – Solekreis, umfassend Solepumpe und Ausgleichsgefäß und
• – elektrische Verteilung und Verkabelung

ausgestattet.Each sub-module is completely functional with the essential components

• - Refrigerant circuit, comprising refrigeration compressor, condenser with blower, expansion valve, plate heat exchanger refrigerant / brine as evaporator and
• - Brine circuit, including brine pump and equalizing tank and
• - electrical distribution and wiring

fitted.

The both sub-modules can advantageous certain cooling functions be assigned within the overall system: so a sub-module can be completely or mainly for the Air conditioning of the circulating air can be used while another submodule wholly or mainly for the Air conditioning of the intake fresh air is used.

Everyone the brine circuits is, preferably via quick-release couplings, with a fan coil coupled, of which at least one for tempering the circulating air located within the workroom.

Around in the technical room the room for the air duct the condenser cooling air It can be advantageous to save condenser, blower and filters in a wing the frontal door of the technical room (hose connection for the refrigerant circuit). For the Operation is then the door to open and to lock.

High pressure disorders in the Refrigerant circuit be in a known manner by installing a MOP valve (maximum opening pressure) avoided. Alternatively, it is also possible to Solekreis in the shortest time potential Short circuit. These measures They also help ensure a safe start after a long downtime simultaneous overheating the plant.

According to the invention Performance of air conditioning on two or more functionally identical and split coupled sub-modules. This is beside the independent one Operation of each module also a joint operation of two or several submodules possible, to achieve partial redundancy. This means in particular that the function of a unit of a sub-module by the functionally identical Unit of another submodule be replaced or strengthened can or the brine circuits be interconnected.

In In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the brine circuits two sub-modules interconnected so that the brine pumps mutually keep the other circle in operation and also Both pumps can be switched to a circuit. In case of failure of a pump can Both circuits are also circulated by the same pump.

It may also be appropriate e.g. after a while Standstill of the system and high ambient temperature, both evaporator heat exchanger in Switching the row to a brine circuit. Thus, the cooling of the Recirculation and thus the working space accelerates, with the associated Fan For this Operating point must be dimensioned.

Of the necessary amount of circulating air results from the acceptable temperature difference between air inlet and air outlet on the fan coil.

The fresh air quantity or number of air changes specified by DIN standards for civil applications and stationary systems must be handled more flexibly for mobile systems. This also in terms of security of supply under limited conditions, such as limited power supply (device priority), technical damage cases, fewer people, stand-by operation. In any case, it makes more sense to keep the room temperature at a tense power supply than the fresh air flow of 20 to 40 m3 / h person. On the other hand, it is also technically feasible to monitor the CO ₂ concentration in the working space in order to temporarily increase the air exchange when temporarily exceeded. Due to the different types of anesthetic gas, concentration detection is difficult here. Locally excessive concentrations can be avoided more reliably by a sufficiently high circulating air flow and its careful distribution throughout the working space.

Become Recirculation and fresh air conditioning each a submodule of the air conditioning supplied it is advantageous to start up quickly, e.g. a rescue station or an OP container after a relocation, the entire available cooling capacity exclusively for room cooling to use.

Independently of, whether the waste heat electrical or laboratory equipment with the help of a bypass in the brine circuit and air-brine heat exchangers in the devices directly discharged or blown into the work space, it may be necessary to Air conditioning also operate at ambient temperatures that significantly are below the working room temperature. Then the switch to free cooling leads to a significant energy saving. Even at high ambient temperatures Efforts are possible in this direction, namely in sanitary applications to mix significant fresh air / exhaust air flow of the condenser cooling air. However, this has its limit when this exhaust air flow as well for ventilation and cooling an access container of the OP is used.

In order not to have to discharge the considerable amount of condensate, especially in humid-warm climates on the fan coils, from the condensate collection tray into the wastewater, this is sprayed over the condenser for evaporation. Here, this measure serves the temporary performance increase, which becomes all the more necessary, the more in hot-humid regions the installed cooling capacity for dehumidifying the fresh air is needed. Alternatively or additionally, the water to be evaporated over the condenser can be taken from an entrained water supply.

Of the known from industry and building services regenerative heat exchange, the pre-cooling / preheating of the Fresh air flow, has for the Air conditioning of mobile work spaces because of the big one Space requirements for the air channels proved not suitable.

Of the Brine circuit can also be used advantageously as a heat carrier when in cold Regions must be heated (heating demand due to transmission losses and fresh air heating). The flow of the evaporator heat exchanger will be shorted. Be one or more electric heating coil flows around the brine. Any possible use the waste heat of the diesel generator unit requires another heat exchanger for diesel cooling water / brine. It is in both circles to a liquid same composition, in the interest of modular design and the reliability is a separation but advantageous.

Either for evt. Air conditioning supply of adjacent work spaces as also for feeding cold brine from an external aggregate, (e.g. Tent air conditioning as redundancy) in each brine circuit connections for one Connection with hoses and quick couplings are provided.

The Fresh air supply in the ABC case is provided by a high-pressure fan and filters existing aggregate, which due to a strict type testing for the special Application not modified or with other subsystems except the Switching on and off and the air duct can be networked. To an overpressure to hold in the workroom all other air inlets are closed and the air outlet must over a pressure relief valve respectively.

The System control and electrical power supply compares to stationary plants, which are supplied by a stable interconnected network, the following Special features. All electrical consumers are in accordance with their demand priority locked so that a given maximum value of consumption did not exceed becomes. This means, that e.g. in the case of a high starting current consumer lower priority be switched off early, even in transient operating situations not to exceed the maximum power. Also with a strongly reduced external service offer comes the Plant does not stop but adapts itself by reduction of Load the offer automatically.

Of the Construction of the submodules of the air conditioning system, fan coil units and filter packages including the connections to the lines (electrical and heat carrier) is designed so that for maintenance and overhaul work the aggregates are easily accessible, possibly in a simple way, including a change the power size to be exchanged can.

monitoring and control means are correspondingly aggressive Environmental conditions and increased operational reliability designed. These include the electrical and thermal control of the start-up of the refrigeration compressors, Term extension and speed grading or regulation of the various fans.

• • Der Nennwert der Kühlleistung zur Teilklimatisierung und Frischluftversorgung setzt sich aus der Leistung zweier Anlagen zusammen.
• • Die Medienströme (Sole, Luft) sind zwischen beiden Teilmodulen der Klimaanlage umschaltbar.
• • Ein teilredundanter Betrieb ist möglich.
• • Freie Kühlung und Kondensatorkühlung mit Abluft und Kondenswasser senken den Energiebedarf und erhöhen die Kühlleistung bei Extrembedingungen.
• • Der Frischluftbedarf wird durch Sensoren überwacht und in Extremfällen erhöht bzw. verringert.
• • Anlagenstillstand bei thermischen Extrembedingungen wird durch die Möglichkeit des Teillastbetriebes vermieden.
• • Vorklimatisierung des Raumes (Stand-by, Transport-Betrieb) mit geringerem Energieaufwand.
• • Die Umschaltung auf eine ABC-gefilterte Frischluftversorgung ist möglich.
• • Die Umschaltung auf Heizbetrieb kann automatisch erfolgen. Die Heizleistung kann dem Heizbedarf angepasst werden (z.B. Zuschaltung Abwärmenutzung Dieselmotor).

In summary, the invention provides the following advantages:

• • The nominal value of the cooling capacity for partial air conditioning and fresh air supply consists of the capacity of two systems.
• • The media streams (brine, air) can be switched between the two submodules of the air conditioning system.
• • Partially redundant operation is possible.
• • Free cooling and condenser cooling with exhaust air and condensation reduce the energy requirement and increase the cooling capacity under extreme conditions.
• • The fresh air requirement is monitored by sensors and in extreme cases increased or decreased.
• • System downtime under extreme thermal conditions is avoided by the possibility of partial load operation.
• • Pre-air conditioning of the room (stand-by, transport mode) with less energy consumption.
• • It is possible to switch to an ABC-filtered fresh air supply.
• • Switching to heating mode can be automatic. The heat output can be adapted to the heating demand (eg connection waste heat utilization diesel engine).

in the Embodiments will be described below with reference to drawings of the invention. Show it:

1 the overview block diagram of the container according to the invention with the technical room in which the two sub-modules of the cold water Kli as well as the working area;

2 a variant of the arrangement according to 1 with the fresh air cooling in the technical room;

3 a more detailed block diagram of a single sub-module of the cold water air conditioning with heating;

4 the block diagram of an interconnection of the brine circuits of two sub-modules to implement different modes of operation;

5a -I block diagrams for illustrating the flow paths and valve positions in different modes of operation of the device according to 4 ,

1 shows the overview diagram of the container according to the invention with technical room 1 and to working space to be conditioned 2 in a first embodiment. In the technical room 1 The two submodules of the cold water air conditioning system are installed. They include as essential components of the cooling water circuits 91 . 101 and the brine circuits 4 . 5 , Both submodules 9 . 10 are each a fan coil 15 . 17 connected in this execution both within the workspace 2 are located. The basic advantage of air conditioning mobile work areas by a cold water air conditioner with additional heating is that technical room 1 and workspace 2 passing through the dividing wall 3 are separated, only with the brine circuit (supply and return) 4 and 5 and with the fresh air duct 6 for the normal case (non-ABC case) are connected, but not with ducts for the circulating air. Both submodules, 9 and 10 , be condenser side with ambient air 11 cooled, which are cleaned by filters, not shown here of sand and dust. The fresh air is through the filter 12 sucked. The channel 6 is determined by the opening to be blocked in ABC mode 13 in the workroom 2 guided and, with the sucked circulating air flow 14 united, the first fan coil 15 fed. To provide fresh air and recirculated air just before leaving the work area, as required for surgical procedures 2 in a filter set 16 (F7 and H13) finely filter, the fan coil is 15 with the second fan coil 17 connected in series. In the ABC case, fresh air is supplied via the unit 8th comprising as essential components a high pressure blower and filters.

A fresh air flow equal exhaust air flow must the working space 2 leave as exhaust air. The pressure holding valve 18 stabilizes the interior pressure above ambient pressure, especially during ABC operation. This air flow can also serve for the air conditioning of an adjacent container directly connected by lock. Alternatively, an exit 19 through the partition 3 possible to the relative to the ambient air much cooler exhaust air in order to increase the Kondensatorkühlleistung with the ambient air 11 to mix.

To the on the fan coil 17 The resulting considerable amount of condensate does not have to be discharged from the condensate collection tray into the wastewater, this is transferred via the line 50 in the technical room 1 led and there for evaporation via the condenser of the refrigerant circuit 9 sprayed. Alternatively or additionally, the water to be evaporated over the condenser may be taken from an entrained water storage tank 52 be removed and supplied according to the power requirement.

In the 2 Concept variant shown differs from the in 1 shown embodiment in that the fresh air in line 6 air conditioning fan coil 15 in the technical room 1 is arranged. This shifts the necessary plant construction volume out of the working area 2 in the technical room 1 , The circulating air 14 then has to go into the fan coil 17 enter.

3 shows a more detailed block diagram of a cold water air conditioner as required in 2 with reference number 9 or 10 is designated. The refrigerant circuit 91 is independent of the cooling capacity in a known manner from the refrigeration compressor 30 , the condenser with fan 31 , the expansion valve 32 and the evaporator plate heat exchanger 33 together. The brine circuit 34 is through the pump 35 circulated. With the heat exchanger 36 can be fed in winter operation diesel waste heat, the establishment 37 serves the electric heating of the brine. With 38 be the equalization tank, with 39 the filling nozzle, with 40 called the drain. With the solenoid valve 41 a short circuit of the brine circuit can be created to avoid a high-pressure failure at start-up of the compressor at high initial temperatures. 42 and 43 designate the connecting pieces of the brine supply and return for the necessary air conditioning of external rooms or for the external supply of brine.

The need for high operational reliability, namely to be able to continue operation of the system with partial load or via a redundant external supply in case of failure of individual components, requires appropriate conceptual and constructive measures both in the electrical and in the refrigeration sector. With 4 is an interconnection of the heat exchangers 33a , b associated brine circuits 34a , b with the circulation pumps 35a , b shown.

The skilled artisan will recognize that by a corresponding position of the Magnetventilgrup groups 50a , b, c and 51a , b several modes are possible. Constructively, of course, several simple valves can be combined to form larger valve blocks.

For the individual operating modes are in the 5a -I the flow paths of the brine shown in a schematic way. Thick line weights of the brine pipes and blackened valve symbols indicate the correct flow.

• • Solekreis 34a wird mit Pumpe 35a betrieben und/oder
• • Solekreis 34b wird mit Pumpe 35b betrieben.

In normal operation, both circuits are separated ( 5a ). The clock mode does not necessarily have to be synchronized.

• • brine circuit 34a is with pump 35a operated and / or
• • brine circuit 34b is with pump 35b operated.

• • Solekreis 34a wird mit Pumpe 35b betrieben (5b) oder alternativ:
• • Solekreis 34b wird mit Pumpe 35a betrieben (5c).

In order to adapt the performance of a sub-module and the pump performance to specific requirements, it may be appropriate to exchange the assignment of the pumps.

• • brine circuit 34a is with pump 35b operated ( 5b ) or alternatively:
• • brine circuit 34b is with pump 35a operated ( 5c ).

• • Solekreis 34a, b wird mit Pumpe 35a betrieben (5d) oder alternativ:
• • Solekreis 34a, b wird mit Pumpe 35b betrieben (5e).

If one pump fails, the second pump can be switched to both brine circuits.

• • brine circuit 34a , b is pumped 35a operated ( 5d ) or alternatively:
• • brine circuit 34a , b is pumped 35b operated ( 5e ).

• • Solekreis 34a wird mit Pumpe 35a und b betrieben (5f) oder alternativ:
• • Solekreis 34b wird mit Pumpe 35a und b betrieben (5g)

It may also be the case that it is desirable to connect both pumps in parallel to a brine circuit in order to temporarily increase the cooling capacity of this circuit.

• • brine circuit 34a is with pump 35a and b operated ( 5f ) or alternatively:
• • brine circuit 34b is with pump 35a and b operated ( 5g )

• • Wärmetauscher 33a,b speist mit Pumpe 35a den Solekreis 34a (5h) oder alternativ:
• • Wärmetauscher 33a,b speist mit Pumpe 35b den Solekreis 34b (5i).

Furthermore, it may be appropriate to switch the cooling capacity of both heat exchangers on a brine circuit.

• • heat exchanger 33a , b feeds with pump 35a the brine circuit 34a ( 5h ) or alternatively:
• • heat exchanger 33a , b feeds with pump 35b the brine circuit 34b ( 5i ).

Claims (11)

Mobile container with a working space ( 2 ) as well as a technical room assigned to the container ( 1 ), arranged in a subspace of the container or in a separate housing, wherein the technical room for cooling, heating and fresh air supply of the working space ( 2 ) an air conditioner ( 9 . 10 ), characterized in that the air conditioning system is a cold water air conditioner ( 9 . 10 ) with refrigerant circuit ( 91 . 101 ) and coupled brine circuit ( 4 . 5 ), wherein the cold-water conditioning system comprises at least two functionally identical and mutually coupled sub-modules ( 9 . 10 ), which can be operated either independently of each other or together, whereby the brine circuits of the submodules ( 9 . 10 ) each with a fan coil ( 15 . 17 ), wherein at least one fan coil within the working space ( 2 ) is installed. Mobile container according to claim 1, characterized in that in the case of a high power content of the fresh air conditioning, the exhaust air of the working space through the partition ( 3 ) between technical room ( 1 ) and work space ( 2 ) through the cooling air for the cooling of the capacitors ( 31 ) of a refrigerant circuit ( 91 . 101 ) can be added. Mobile container according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that in the case of high cooling capacity required in the blower convectors ( 15 . 17 ) condensate or water from a separate water supply ( 52 ) for evaporation over the condenser of a refrigerant circuit ( 91 . 101 ) can be evaporated. Mobile container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sub-modules ( 9 . 10 ) are coupled to each other such that the function of a unit of one submodule can be replaced or enhanced by the functionally identical unit of another submodule or the brine circuits of the two submodules can be interconnected. Mobile container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in each brine circuit ( 34a . 34b ) a circulation pump ( 35a . 35b ) and an evaporator heat exchanger ( 33a . 33b ), the brine circuits ( 34a . 34b ) via connecting lines and valves ( 50a . 50b . 50c . 51a . 51b ) are interconnected in such a way that can be switched by controlling the valves between the following modes: • Independent operation of each individual brine circuit ( 34a . 34b ) by the respective circulating pump integrated into the brine circuit ( 35a . 35b ), • Independent operation of each individual brine circuit ( 34a ) by one in another brine circuit ( 34b ) integrated circulating pump ( 35b ), • operation of a brine circuit ( 34a ) by circulating pumps ( 35a . 35b ) of several brine circuits together, • operation of two or more brine circuits ( 34a . 34b ) by only one of the pumps ( 35a ), • Operation of two evaporator heat exchangers ( 33a . 33b ) in a brine circuit ( 34a . 34b ). Mobile container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that devices ( 36 . 37 ) for heating the brine circuits ( 34 ) of the sub-modules are present. Mobile container according to claim 6, characterized in that a connection ( 36 ) to the cooling water circuit of an external diesel generator unit, in order for the heating operation, the engine waste heat in one or more brine circuits ( 34 ) feed. Mobile container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that devices ( 42 . 43 ) for connecting external consumers to one or more brine circuits ( 34 ) available. Mobile container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that means for feeding cooled or heated Brine from an external air conditioning in one or more brine circuits are present to total failure of the container's air conditioning to maintain the operation. Mobile container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that in case of damage of individual components, the operation the air conditioner is switched to an emergency operation, the under the given conditions of maximum air supply comes closest. Mobile container according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that in case of reduced availability electrical power, consumers according to their supply priority from the grid be taken.