DE10340267A1 - Rolling tool and rolling roller for rolling, in particular deep rolling, a workpiece - Google Patents

Abstract

Previously known mechanical deep rolling tools have in common that rolling rolls over both the workpiece to be rolled and on the tool side a counter-roller. Although the deep rolling roller can oscillate laterally, the material of the rolling roller tires but relatively quickly. DOLLAR A In order to achieve improved durability, a rolling tool is proposed, in which a working circumference in a spatially separated from a bearing contact area workpiece contact area of the rolling roller is. Also proposed are a rolling tool with a hydraulically mounted forming roller and a rolling roller suitable for this purpose.

Description

The The invention relates to a rolling tool and a rolling roller for rolling, in particular deep rolling, a workpiece.

In countless applications of mechanical engineering are regularly the Task, components for especially to interpret intensive loads. Especially with dynamically stressed Components are common early wear and concomitant unexpected component failure. The cause therefor is often seen in cracks, which begin at the workpiece surface, in particular take on there existing micro-scores or geometry jumps.

Deep rolling leads to a significant increase in time and fatigue strength in dynamically stressed components. The rolling of the workpiece causes a deformation of the surface layer. The rolling force is chosen so high that the surface layer is plasticized during rolling. There are three main advantages:
First, residual compressive stresses are generated in the component edge layer, which are also suitable for otherwise occurring tensile stresses of the edge layer to overpress them. In addition, locally higher strengths are achieved by cold forming. Finally, the surface is smoothened microscopically, thereby eliminating as far as possible micro-scars, which may be the source of cracks.

in view of This process-related advantages comes from deep rolling of the variety the possible mechanical surface treatment method a special meaning too. The deep rolling is normally in the Puncture or used in the feed process. In the puncture procedure Profile rolls are used that are specific to the radius of a are tuned to be consolidated groove. You are hired, so that the resulting rolling force is aligned with the zone, in the highest fatigue is to be expected. The fixed rollers are suspended in such a pendulum manner that The inclination of the rollers when hiring the Hohlkele automatically on the actual local surface angle can adjust. This compensates for manufacturing tolerances and at the same time it ensures that the desired distribution the compressive stresses in the groove results. This effect is for process assurance extraordinarily important.

Of the Process usually extends over several Revolutions of the workpiece. The rolling force is over built a certain number of revolutions slowly, then kept constant and finally about one further certain number of revolutions degraded again. By the soft Loading and unloading of the roller are voltage jumps and a compulsory additional additional notch effect avoided.

While the puncture procedure only for tight limited areas, preferably for fillets with radii smaller as 4 mm, is suitable for the processing of larger areas the Feed method provided.

For the conventional Application are for that Rolling no special machines necessary; instead, the rolling tool can simply in the existing machine, for example in a lathe, to get integrated.

At the Deep rolling the tools are subjected to very high rolling forces. While the rolling process is the rolling roller with a defined force pressed against the workpiece to be solidified with this in conjunction and is moved relative to this. To the rolling force on the roll transferred to while ensuring a certain amount of commuting for the role the rolling roller is running with its scope of work on the workpiece side workpiece and on the tool side along a counter roll. The pendulum movement is for a uniform stress distribution indispensable in radius.

In use, therefore, the rolling roller is necessarily rolled twice per revolution. This leads to a comparatively rapid fatigue of the material, especially in the case of very high deep-rolling forces. A wear-poorer storage is indeed from the EP 0 353 376 A1 known. Here, a rolling tool is proposed in which the storage takes place hydrostatically. However, the rolling body is spherical, and this clever solution is not suitably transferable to forming rolls because the sealing edge along a roll contour is far more complex than the sealing edge along a spherical body. With hydrostatically mounted rolling rolls, the sealing gap would change so much even with small - undoubtedly occurring - pendulum movements that the required hydrostatic pressure can not be guaranteed. In addition, even slight surface damage in the working area of the rolling roller would lead to disturbances of the gap seal.

Of the Invention is based on the object, a rolling tool with less Wear for a rolling roller propose.

This object is achieved first of all by a rolling tool having a rolling roller for rolling, in particular deep rolling, a workpiece, wherein the rolling roller during rolling has a working circumference ro tierend runs along the workpiece, when the working circumference is in a spatially separated from a bearing contact area workpiece contact area of the rolling roller.

Under Scope of work is the narrow or wider strip along the outer circumference of Rolling understood, which during rolling the rolling forces transmits to the region of the workpiece to be consolidated. It will become microscopic if in doubt, act by two or more strips; macroscopic This is usually a rolling roller rotating rotationally symmetric strip of under a width of up to about 8 mm. The roller is closed at any time with only a small part of their scope of work the workpiece in contact, for rolling, the role but over the area to be consolidated emotional. This usually happens in that the workpiece or the tool while maintaining a constant pressure against each other to be turned around. The scope of work is regularly exact rotationally symmetric, so that during the rotation of a constant radial force from the roller to the roll Transfer workpiece becomes.

Under "Areas", ie in particular the bearing contact area and the Werkstuckkontaktbereich, is first the surface the rolling roller understood. Once the rolling force over the surface of the Rolling roller introduced in the bearing contact area in the roller and through the roller that part of their surface, which is in contact with the workpiece, as a deep rolling force and as long as they are energized surface sections the rolling roller no overlap have, the reduced load of the invention Walzrollenmaterials achieved. For constructional reasons can be The easiest way to achieve this is that the bearing contact area and the workpiece contact area offset with respect to the axis of rotation of the rolling roll, so that in a projection of the bearing contact area and of the workpiece contact area does not overlap the two contact areas on the axis of rotation of the roller.

It This results in a constellation in which the rolling roll stored in a warehouse that does not include the scope of work is. Thus directly a lesser wear on the Rolling caused.

The inventive solution of wear reduction is suitable for both mechanically stored as well as for hydrostatically mounted rolling rolls.

In a preferred embodiment of the rolling tool according to the invention is the bearing contact area on both sides of the workpiece contact area arranged. In such storage relatively low bearing forces are needed. While with one-sided Storage Kragmomente over a clamping should be removed, so can essentially simple compressive forces transferred between bearing and roller become. In particular, even strive for that storage symmetrical he follows.

Advantageous the rolling roller in the bearing contact area a circular arc-shaped contour to have. This is understood to mean that in a cross section through the storage area the rolling roller is a circular arc Limitation and rests with this preferably flat on the camp. Upon rotation about the axis of rotation of the roller, this circular arc piece gives a Rotating body, wherein the distance between the axis of rotation of the roller and the circular arc piece does not have to be the radius of the arc. Already by providing the circular arc Contour results in a particularly low-wear, areal storage.

Especially However, it is proposed that the bearing contact area on both sides of the workpiece contact area circular arc provided with a bearing contour of a continuous arc is the center of the continuous arc in the Plane of the workpiece contact area lies. In such a constellation, the rolling roller is indeed on two storage areas on the camp; result in a cross section through the storage the storage areas however, as shaped so that a circular arc is drawn through both bearing surfaces can be. The bearing surfaces are symmetrical to the center the rolling roller, the center of the two bearing surfaces continuous arc lies So in an imaginary plane of the workpiece contact area or the scope of work. The plane is normal to the axis of rotation of the roller.

By this constellation can swivel out the roller at least to some extent, so while a rotation of the work volume twist the angle of the work plane, without the support surface change the roller on the bearing got to.

If in such a constellation not only tangents to the roller in the bearing contact area, but also a tangent in the workpiece contact area perpendicular to a connection from there to the center of the described Circle lie, causes a rolling force, which over the scope of work in the Rolling roller is initiated, no unwanted rotation of the roller.

When special form of storage with a circular arc contour is proposed the rolling roller has a barrel shape in the bearing contact area. A barrel is characterized by the fact that its mantle is the body of revolution of a circular arc piece, that the center of the arc but not on the axis of rotation the ton lies, which in the case of a rolling roll the axis of rotation the rolling roller is. It is advantageous even if the center of the the contour of the barrel-shaped Bearing contact area defining circle, although in the work envelope level, but outside the rolling roller is located. This is accompanied by the fact that the radius of the the barrel shape defining circle to a degree greater than the radius of the workload is. In such an embodiment is the roller is stably stored under static aspects. Such Storage is even suitable for Deep rolling operations in feed for cylindrical workpieces or contours with huge Radii.

A in the bearing contact area barrel-shaped roller is in particular accessible to a tool-side mechanical bearing, preferably via support rollers like rolling bearings, in particular ball, needle and cylindrical roller bearings.

Especially Preferably, the rolling roll in the bearing contact region, a spherical shape exhibit. In this case falls the center of a circular arc-shaped bearing surfaces defining Circle with the rotation axis of the rolling roll together. The storage area yields under rotation about the roll axis to a strip between in each case two degrees of longitude on the sphere form. Have suitable spherical shapes For example, spherical caps or spherical zones, which at the side of the workpiece contact area connected to these.

Advantageous is such a spherical shape stored rolling roller absolutely neutral swiveling and spatially compact.

About the spherical shape is this role even a tool-side hydraulic, especially hydrostatic, Storage accessible for receiving the rolling roller. This allows it in particular, to control the rolling force very constantly, resulting in a high quality and reproducibility of the rolling process leads. The storage finally takes place the geometrically relatively simple figure of a ball and thus becomes independently from the shaping in the workpiece contact area.

The Rolling roller can thus also a Ausschwenkbewegung at a local Existing angle of a groove particularly easy to understand. In order to such a Ausschwenkvorgang the forces, especially the hydrostatic Forces, constant will keep as well a pivot bearing portion on the roller for maintaining the storage area proposed at a deflection of the rolling roller. This particular can one over the boundaries of the tool-side storage area beyond circular arc contour be on the roller. When the roller rolls out, shifts automatically the bearing body the rolling roller relative to the tool-side bearing. At least one Part of the original contact area is thereby pushed down from the tool side bearing. If the geometry of the original Bearing area in the proposed way in addition to the original storage area continues, the bearing surface, Force and tension conditions constant in the storage of the roller.

It It should be noted that a tool side hydraulic, in particular hydrostatic, storage for receiving the rollforming roller - in particular in conjunction with a swivel bearing area on the roller - also independent of the previously mentioned features of the present invention advantageous and is inventive.

Under the basic idea of the invention solves the task also a rolling tool with a hydraulically mounted rolling roller for rolling, in particular deep-rolling, of a workpiece, when the rolling roller is mounted spherically, but even aspherical, especially partially spherical. This results directly in the advantages described that over the geometrically controllable spherical bearing a hydraulic Storage with the accompanying easy adjustability of the compressive force to reach while at the same time the scope of work deviate from this form and in particular can be adapted to the groove to be processed.

One particular aspect of the invention is therefore that the state of Technology around a rolling tool with a hydraulically mounted forming roller for rolling a workpiece is enriched.

For all hydraulic Bearings on two separated by a workpiece contact area sections a bearing contact area is also proposed that tool side two hydraulic supply lines are provided. This particular has the Advantage that on both sides of the Werkstückkon contact range of the hydraulic Bearing pressure independently guaranteed remains.

It should be pointed out that a rolling roller for rolling, in particular deep rolling, of a workpiece, wherein the rolling roller has a substantially disc-shaped workpiece contact body symmetrical about a roller axis, is also advantageous in its own right and inventive, if it is characterized by respect to the roller axis along the workpiece contact body arranged around the same axis rotationally symmetrical bearing body. In this form, it is directly accessible to the application according to the invention.

The Invention will be described below with reference to a concrete and two schematic embodiments closer in the drawing explained. It can same reference numerals in different figures the same components represent. Show in detail

1 in a cross section of a tool head with a roll holder and with a hydrostatically mounted roller,

2 schematically a rolling roller with a barrel-shaped bearing body in a central position,

3 the rolling roll off 2 in a swung out state,

4 schematically a roller with a spherical bearing body in a central position and

5 the rolling roll off 4 in a swung out position.

The rolling tool 1 in 1 consists essentially of a rolling roll holder 2 and a rolling roller 3 , The rolling roll 3 is in the roll holder 2 hydraulically stored. Serve for this purpose two hydraulic storage bags 4 . 5 , which in operation via a hydraulic supply system 6 in the roll holder 2 be fed with a liquid. The liquid is supplied via a supply chamber on the tool side 7 in the roll holder 2 pressed; there is also the pressure control made, as the hydraulic feed system 6 consists of a communicating tube.

The rolling roll 3 consists of a rolling body 8th and two spherical bearing bodies 9 . 10 , which as spherical caps on both sides of the disk-shaped rolling body 8th are arranged. The rolling roll 3 can be made in one piece or be composed of the three elements rolling elements and spherical caps.

With a storage area 11 (only on one side of the roller 3 characterized by hatching, but symmetrically present on the other side) is the rolling roller 3 in operation on a fluid pressure pad in the pockets 4 and 5 on. Rolling forces, which along a pressure direction 12 on a workpiece 13 be exercised by the pressure pad in the pockets 4 . 5 between the bearing contact surface 11 and the roll holder 2 to a tool-side connection 7 transfer. So the rolling pressure force between the tool 1 and the workpiece 13 be kept constant to the highest degree.

On both sides of the disk-shaped rolling body 8th is in the roll holder 2 a pivotal game 14 provided so that the rolling body 8th with a scope of work 15 without resistance to one outside a central position 16 located throat 17 can swing out. Here, the bearing bodies rotate 9 . 10 in the pockets 4 . 5 until the rolling roll has its swung-out position in the groove 17 has reached. The angular momentum, which the rolling roll 3 this rotation of its axis of rotation 18 Opposed, is normally negligible compared to the high Ausstellkräften, which act due to the high rolling force.

The scope of work 15 is formed by that strip-shaped surface, which when rolling the rolling roller 3 along the workpiece 13 with its Hollkehle 17 contact. In the illustrated embodiment is - based on a rotation axis 18 the rolling roller 3 - The workpiece contact area slightly narrower than the disc-shaped rolling body 8th , The warehouse contact area 11 is arranged on both sides of the workpiece contact area with a certain distance to the rolling body symmetrically on the roller. By directly to the bearing contact area 11 subsequent and its spherical shape continuing pivot bearing areas 19 . 20 (only on one side of the rolling element 3 marked) changes a storage area 21 and thus the size of the bearing contact area not. In this respect, the power relations experience no change.

Advantageous and according to the inventive idea, the geometry becomes true the scope of work or Werksttickkontaktbe rich on the rolling body determined by the Werksttickgeometrie, the tool-side storage However, the rolling roller and thus the force is applied via a separate bearing contact area. The warehouse contact area consists of spherical caps or spherical zones on both sides of the workpiece contact area.

The center of the ball lies on the central axis 16 and on the axis of rotation 18 , This makes it possible to store the rolling roll either hydrostatically or mechanically by means of a counter-roller. In any case, it is ensured that the rolling roller can swing out about the center of the ball and can conform to an outgoing radius to be rolled, without causing jamming or changes in the sealing gap. Furthermore, damage to the role in the work area no longer affect the function of storage and force application.

A Tool variant, which are also used in the feed process can, includes tool side axial bearing of the roller on both planes. This storage can on the one hand mechanically via ball, needle or cylindrical roller bearings respectively. However, under the aspects mentioned, it is advantageous also perform the axial storage hydrostatic. This is especially true in a hydrostatic bearing of the rolling rolls.

The rolling roll 30 in 2 consists of a once more disc-shaped rolling body 31 , which defines the maximum width of the workpiece contact area, and on both sides of the rolling body 31 arranged barrel-shaped bearing bodies 32 . 33 , In the illustrated section is a bearing contact surface 34 (only on one side of the rolling element 31 marked) by a section 35 a circular arc around a first center point 36 educated. The bearing bodies are like the entire rolling roller 30 rotationally symmetrical about a rotation axis 37 , therefore, in the illustrated section results in a second center 38 which are currently not in stock 39 resting surface of the bearing contact area 40 is drawn in a circular arc. The centers 36 . 38 lie on a central axis 41 , which lies at the same time in the level of the scope of work.

The Schitt arcuate storage allows the roller 30 to the camp remote center 36 swerve. The rolling roll 30 in 3 has made such a swing out. She is with her barrel-shaped bearing bodies 32 . 33 along tool-side bearing surfaces 42 . 43 moved tangentially, but lies in a width with the bearing contact area 40 out 2 identical new bearing contact area 44 continue to, as long as not a shift over a pivot bearing area 45 is completed.

Since the common center of the barrel-shaped storage areas outside the rolling roll 31 is stable, it is stored under static aspects. The bearing shown is therefore suitable even for deep rolling operations in the feed in cylindrical workpieces or contours with large radii. As a tool-side storage mechanical force introduction bearing come into consideration.

The rolling roll 50 in 4 consists of a substantially disc-shaped rolling body 51 and two spherical caps 52 . 53 for storage of the rolling roll 50 , Because a center 54 the spherical cap 52 . 53 on a rotation axis 55 the rolling roller 50 lies, it can be easily around the center 54 around a swivel angle 56 (shown in 5 ), without changing the storage conditions. Such storage is suitable for both mechanical and hydraulic force application. Even in the maximum swung-out state remains in the illustrated roller 50 a warehouse contact area 57 . 58 completely separated from a workpiece contact area 59 ,

Claims (14)

Rolling tool with a rolling roller for rolling, in particular deep rolling, a workpiece, wherein the rolling roller during rolling with a working circumference rotates along the workpiece, characterized in that the working scope is located in a spatially separated from a bearing contact area workpiece contact area of the rolling roller. Rolling tool according to claim 1, characterized in that that the bearing contact area on both sides of the workpiece contact area is arranged. Rolling tool according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the rolling roller in the bearing contact region has a circular arc-shaped contour. Rolling tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the bearing contact area on both sides of the workpiece contact area circular arc provided with a bearing contour of a continuous arc is, wherein a center of the continuous arc in one Level of the workpiece contact area is. Rolling tool according to claim 4, characterized that tangents are at the workpiece contact area and at the bearing contact area lie perpendicular to a connection to the center of the circle. Rolling tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the rolling roller has a barrel shape in the bearing contact area. Rolling tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a tool-side mechanical storage for Aufname of the rolling roll. Rolling tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the rolling roller in the bearing contact region has a spherical shape. Rolling tool after one of the preceding the claims, characterized by a tool side hydraulic, in particular hydrostatic, storage for receiving the rolling roller. Rolling tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a pivot bearing portion on the rolling roll for maintaining a constant storage area at a deflection of the rolling roller. Rolling tool with a hydraulically mounted rolling roller for rolling, in particular deep-rolling, a workpiece, characterized The drawing shows that the rolling roller is mounted spherically but by itself aspherical, especially partially spherical, is. Rolling tool with a rolling roller for rolling, in particular Deep rolling, a workpiece, thereby in that the rolling roller is a hydraulically mounted shaping roller is. Rolling tool according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by two hydraulic supply lines to a tool-side storage of Roller. Rolling roller for rolling, in particular deep rolling, one Workpiece wherein the rolling roller has a substantially disc-shaped, characterized by a roller axis symmetrical workpiece contact body, characterized by re the roller axis along arranged to the workpiece contact body, about the same axis rotationally symmetrical bearing body.