DE10325402A1 - Composite assembly of at least two glass panes with a film insert and thermoplastic film between them, e.g. for cladding balconies, is bonded together within a flexible bag which can be evacuated and placed within an autoclave - Google Patents

Abstract

The technique is for the production of composite assemblies (12) with at least two flat panels (20), where at least one is a glass pane, with at least one film insert (22) between them. At least one transparent thermoplastic film bonds the outer panels to the insert. The components are fitted together and the assembly is placed within a flexible bag (15), which can be evacuated, in an autoclave (14) to create an underpressure which presses the component parts together, together with heat to soften the film layers without forming gas bubbles. The insert is a decorative layer and/or carries an electrical light or heater.

Description

The The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for the production of composite elements having two plate-like outer elements of where at least one is a glass sheet. Essentially between the exterior elements is at least one, not the entire surface with respect to the outer elements formed insert and at least one translucent, thermal influenceable layer for connecting the outer elements with the insert.

In the DE 200 06 153 U1 a plate-like device is described, which is used for the covering of balconies. The device consists of two glass panes, between which a perforated plate is arranged. The glass sheets and the perforated sheet are glued to a composite with casting resin. The production of laminated glass with cast resin adhesive has long been known. However, there is a problem that the cast resin layer filled between the disks does not spread evenly or that air bubbles are generated which can not be removed again. Another problem is that coated panes in the cast resin composite can also discolour. Such laminated glass can then no longer be used as high quality design elements.

task The invention is a process and an apparatus for the production the aforementioned To create type of composite elements with which composite elements fast, inexpensive and in high quality let produce. In particular, the inventively produced Composite elements used as especially high quality design elements can be.

to solution this task strikes the invention a method with the features of claim 1 and a device having the features of claim 29 before. advantageous Trainings are in the dependent claims specified.

The inventive method is characterized by the fact that first deposit and thermal influenceable layer on a first outer element, in particular on whose area, in the assembled one Composite element represents the inner surface, be applied. It can be first the layer and then the insole or first the insole and then the Layer are applied. It is also possible, first the layer, then the Deposit and then apply another layer. It is also possible, alternately apply several deposit layers and multiple layers.

After the application of liner and layer on the first outer element this is the second outer element assembled into a composite element, wherein the second outer element coated or uncoated with the layer. That by resulting composite element is placed in an evacuable space, the is designed in particular as a flexible, preferably heat-resistant sack. Alternatively it is possible the process steps application of insert and layer as well Put together the exterior elements after insertion into the evacuable room, ie in the room itself perform. The evacuable room can also be made in the manner of an accordion bellows, i.e. with two opposite ones optionally rigid pressing plates, in the area of which the opening to be sealed lies, be formed, which are connected by the bellows.

It a relative negative pressure is applied to the room, at least a part of the room under a caused by the relative negative pressure Pressing pressure is pressed onto the composite element and this presses together. Furthermore, in particular simultaneously with the generation of the negative pressure, a treatment temperature adjusted such that in combination plasticized with the pressing pressure, preferably the thermoplastic layer and thus the insert in particular completely avoiding formation of gas inclusions encloses.

It can therefore be produced composite elements by a uniformly trained, translucent, preferably transparent layer and are thereby made of conventionally manufactured, For example, resin-bonded, irregularities, like streaking, etc., composite elements differ. Especially with the considered here composite elements with at least an insert occurs in conventional Manufacturing process often requires that the insert from the casting resin incomplete or not enveloped with the same layer thickness, including air bubbles etc .. Such composite elements can then not be considered high quality Use the sign elements or do not comply with the relevant safety regulations, which are placed on composite elements that take over a securing function should, for example, composite elements for fall-resistant glazing be used. On the other hand occurs in the inventive method this Problem not on. It is amazing that also by the Shape of deposits conditioned, larger air pockets completely, too from the middle of larger areas, sucked out become.

Another advantage is that through the sub Pressure or vacuum treatment of the resulting composite element or vacuum composite gas inclusions, especially air bubbles not even arise or subsequently removed, for example, if such arise during the pre-pressing. As a result of the negative pressure prevailing in the room, the gas inclusions can be pulled out of the composite element, whereby gas inclusions located in the center of the composite element can be reliably removed. Instead of the gas inclusions, the layer can then run after, so that the locations where the gas inclusions were before are completely filled with the material of the layer.

The Removal of gas inclusions can be supported be that in the direction of at least one edge of the composite element in particular on the outer surfaces of which or rolling movement performed becomes. For this purpose, a coating or rolling device may be provided, which is arranged either in the evacuable room, in the case of as a flexible bag trained space acts on this or at the aforementioned Press plates produced by shaping and / or flexibility becomes.

A another possibility the removal of gas inclusions to facilitate, is at least one edge region of the composite element to relieve.

The Compression of the composite element can be made such that it at least in the area of its two outer surfaces the evacuable space or parts of the room is compressed. Particularly preferably, the composite element is compressed on all sides. This is preferably done by means of the designed as a flexible bag Room, the at least one, in particular several, composite elements Completed encloses and conforms to the composite elements after application of the negative pressure and thereby pressing under a negative pressure causes the composite elements. As an alternative to the flexible bag Also, a room in the form of a chamber with rigid walls can be used be at least one movable by the negative pressure pressing element, For example, a kind of stamp, which is active and under one Pressing pressure on an outer surface of the is pressed to be pressed composite element. The opposite Outer surface can are supported on a rigid inner wall of the chamber. It is possible, too, two, in opposite directions on each outer surface of the Composite element pressing, press elements provide. An advantage the flexible bag opposite the chamber is that by the all - round pressing the bag cover the between the exterior elements deposit is fixed and can not slip, such as For example, it could be the case with the Chamber.

In addition to Pressing pressure generated by the negative pressure in the evacuable space is, can be initiated by the negative pressure in the room independent additional pressure become. This can for example be done by a as flexible bag trained space itself in an overpressure chamber, in an autoclave, for example. The total pressing pressure, which acts on the pressing of composite elements can be from the negative pressure and the pressure-related additional pressing pressure put together.

at In a further development of the method according to the invention, the vacuum-dependent pressing pressure or the total pressing pressure in the range of 5 bar to 25 bar, in particular be selected in the range of 12 bar to 18 bar.

The Treatment temperature can be adjusted so that the translucent, in particular transparent, thermally influenced layer begins to flow and the deposit or deposits flows around. In the case of not completely in with respect to the exterior elements trained deposits can Deposit-free areas in the composite element completely with fill the layer. The treatment temperature may be in the range of 50 ° C to 200 ° C, especially in the range of 100 ° C to 150 ° C can be selected. Dependent From the thermal properties of the layer can also other treatment temperatures be set.

Prefers is used as at least one insert such that not entire area with respect to the exterior elements is formed so that there are areas in the composite element, the are occupied with the deposit and there are areas that are deposit-free are. Deposit-free areas can with the translucent, especially transparent, thermally influenced layer are completely filled. Alternatively it is possible To use deposits, the entire surface in relation to the outer elements are formed.

The Insert can be in at least one edge area and / or in the center integrated the composite element. It is also possible that the Insert protrudes from the composite element. This offers the advantage that extra Elements such as fasteners, power supplies o. The like. At the outstanding Section of the insert can be attached without an outer element, For example, a glass sheet processed, preferably drilled which leads to a strength-reducing weakening of the Lead composite element could.

at The insert may be composite-reinforcing, in particular composite strength-enhancing Act material. The composite strength-enhancing material stands out in particular by the fact that it has a higher strength or other strength relevant properties, e.g. Toughness, as a pane of glass whereby the composite element can also be used as fall-resistant glazing, for example, in parapets, Balcony glazings o. The like., For overhead glazing, like canopies o. The like., Glass facades, doors, Signs, partitions, stairs etc. can be used. For example, it is overhead glazing not allowed, glasses, the stresses are subject to drilling in the tension zone without there to fix the glass. A bore, for example, an optical It is not possible to bring in an effect. With a reinforcement by The vacuum process will weaken the affected glass canceled. With power supply there can even be accessible from the outside be installed electrical consumer.

at the composite reinforcing Material may be translucent plastic, preferably Acrylic, polycarbonate or the like, metal, preferably in sheet form, for example, as a perforated plate, metal or plastic mesh, such as woven, knitted, knitted, grid, carbon fiber, wood or combinations from the aforementioned materials.

The composite reinforcing Material or reinforcing material can also be used as a decorative element at the same time. in principle can be a variety of decorative elements as an insert in the Integrate composite element, for example, narrow strips of material, for example Metal, which form a certain shape, translucent plastic, in particular acrylic glass, the artistic is designed, for example, has an engraving or means Sandblasting was processed, etc ..

Especially Preferably, the insert is at least one electrical Consumers, preferably a light source, for example to a diode, in particular an LED diode. Alternatively, too other electrical loads are used as inserts, for example a monitoring device, for example in the form of a camera, a sound system, for example in the form of a loudspeaker or bell ringer and / or a motion detector.

It can several lamps, in particular diodes are used, the in a particular regular grid are arranged. Alternatively, a field with closely spaced bulbs are formed, which from a certain distance to the composite element appear as a single light source. Leave with the bulbs they also represent letters, numbers or other symbols. For example let yourself by appropriate arrangement of bulbs a ticker display form. It is also possible, to integrate different colored bulbs into the composite element, for example, in the signal colors red or green, so that symbols in these Signal colors can be formed. For example, could at a glass door red and green Signal diodes for example in the area above the door lock be integrated, indicating whether the door is open or closed. Also could the signal diodes with an identification device, for example a card reader, be coupled so that when released the green diode lights up. The electrical connections for the Bulbs can also be integrated into the composite element. For example this can be a relatively thin wire to which the bulbs are lined up one after the other. The bulbs can so be connected in series. By corresponding wire guide, for example Wire bends can Other circuits, such as combination circuits, Parallel circuits o. The like. Are formed. Alternatively, it is possible instead of the wire to use an electrically conductive layer, for example in the form of thin Foil strip on the inner surface one of the exterior elements located. It is also possible, both inner surfaces the exterior elements with a large area an electrically conductive optionally transparent layer so that the one inner surface of the positive pole and the other inner surface of the Negative pole forms. It is possible an electrically conductive coating on at least one outer element to apply, for example, to evaporate, to spray on o. or burn in.

The Bulbs can be coupled with a light sensor, this in dependence from a previously set brightness on or off. So if a certain brightness falls below, then the Illuminant switched on. This can be especially in the evenings a charming interplay between switched on and off bulbs because the diffuse light prevailing there causes an irregular and off. It is also possible several bulbs to drive alternately, for example, several, in each other independent circuits arranged bulbs or dimming to an optical To create an effect like a sparkling starry sky.

It is possible to use as insert at least one heating means, for example a heating wire. As a result, for example, in a composite element used as overhead glazing heating is caused to eliminate on the composite element located ice or snow deposits, for example, such that the snow simply slips down an oblique canopy. A combination of lighting and heating means is possible, for example, such that the power supply of the light source also serves as a heating means.

It is possible, too, as insert a combination of light source and verbundverstärkendem and / or provide decorative material, such as a combination of translucent plastic and at least one diode. The lighting means, in particular the at least a diode could on the edge of a translucent Be arranged plastic element, which is due to the photoconductive Properties of the plastic illuminate the entire plastic element leaves. Thus, you can illuminated plastic signs integrated into the composite element become.

at a development of the method according to the invention is in the layer of a particular thermoplastic film, the at the treatment temperature set in the pressing process to flow begins and integrated inserts in particular in the composite element Completed flows around. The film can be colored or colorless. Preference is given to a tear-resistant film used, for example, one for the production of laminated safety glass (VSG glass) usable polyvinyl butyral film (PVB film). The foil can be electrically conductive, so that they also act as a power supply for in the composite element can serve electrical consumers located.

at the exterior elements it is preferably two glass panes, with a variety of Types of glass can be used, for example, float glass, tempered glasses, such as toughened safety glass (toughened safety glass), partially tempered glass (TVG glass), optical glasses, like patterned glass, mirror glass and / or translucent plastic, such as acrylic glass, polycarbonate glass or the like. So it is For example, a composite element in the form of two acrylic glass panes possible with insert in between. In the case of the mirror glass can the inner surface of the outer element be provided with a reflective coating. For a coating with a metal layer, this can still be considered as electrical conductive layer and thus as an electrical connection for in the composite element integrated electrical consumers serve.

alternative Is it possible, that an exterior element is not a glass pane, but at least one other material consists, for example, of metal, in particular in the form of a metal plate, from Stone, etc.

It is possible, before the vacuum-thermal treatment in the evacuable room To perform pretreatment in the way that the two exterior elements, the at least one insert and the at least one layer to a Vorverbund pre-pressed under a pre-pressing and this in the evacuable space is introduced. Preferably, the Pre-compression in the horizontal state of the outer elements, wherein the pre-pressure, for example be applied by rolling the overhead outer element can. It can be set a pretreatment temperature, so that the shift begins to flow and a cohesion of the individual components of the composite element causes, so that the pre-composite can also be upended. The resulting pre-composite can then edgewise in the evacuated Space be introduced so that several Vorverbunde side by side can be placed.

The Invention further relates to a composite element which is characterized that two, in particular plate-like outer elements are provided, at least one of which is a glass sheet. Essentially located between the exterior elements at least one, in particular not over the entire surface with respect to the outer elements formed insert and at least one translucent, thermal influenceable layer for connecting at least one outer element with the insert. Preferably, the translucent layer vacuum-thermally deformed and gas-free. Not one all-over Deposit can deposit-free areas within the composite element completely and be filled with gas-free layer with the layer. In the composite element it can be a mirror that has a reflective coating, in particular metal coating, wherein at least one Through opening for receiving at least one insert, in particular diode, provided is. The passage opening can act as a blind hole in the formed as a glass pane outer element continue. By a through-hole substantially filling filling layer the insert can be fixed in the passage opening. The reflective coating can be electrically conductive and thus as current leadership for integrated deposits in the form of electrical consumers, in particular diodes serve.

Regarding further Details of the composite element according to the invention will be more preferred to the description above and the description below embodiments directed.

The invention further comprises an apparatus for producing composite elements, which characterized in that a heating device, in particular a furnace, is provided for setting a treatment temperature, wherein the treatment temperature to be adjusted is suitable to thermally influence a required for a composite element to be produced, translucent, in particular transparent layer. The heating device is coupled to an evacuable space for receiving individual components of the composite element to be produced or at least one pre-compressed pre-composite. The evacuable space is coupled to a negative pressure generating device for generating a negative pressure in the space, wherein the space has at least one pressing element which can be moved by the negative pressure and can be pressed onto the composite element under a pressing pressure.

Preferably is provided as an evacuable space a flexible, heat-resistant bag, the bag envelope represents the pressing element. As a negative pressure generating device For example, a vacuum pump can be used.

Especially it is preferred to use an autoclave in which the heating device is integrated and the overpressure generating unit for Generation of overpressure having, as an additional pressing pressure on the composite element to be pressed acts.

Regarding further Details of the device according to the invention for the production of composite elements is also based on the above Description and the following description of preferred embodiments directed.

The The above and other features are excluded from the claims also from the description and the drawings, the individual Features for each alone or in the form of subcombinations an embodiment of the invention and in other fields be realized and advantageous also for protectable versions can represent. The subdivision of the application into individual sections as well as intermediate headings restrict the statements made thereunder are not in their generality.

Brief description of the drawings

embodiments The invention are illustrated in the drawings and are in following closer explained. The drawings show:

1 FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view of a first exemplary embodiment of a device according to the invention for producing composite elements, FIG.

2 a schematic front view of the device according to 1 .

3 schematic process steps 3a to 3c in the production of a precompound according to the method according to the invention,

4 schematic process steps 4a to 4c in the vacuum-thermal treatment for the production of a composite element according to the method according to the invention,

5 a schematic representation of a second embodiment of a composite element according to the invention,

6 a schematic, perspective view of a third embodiment of the composite element,

7 a schematic representation of a fourth embodiment of the composite element,

8th a schematic perspective view of a fifth embodiment of the composite element,

9 a schematic representation of a sixth embodiment of the composite element,

10 a schematic edge view of the composite element of 9 and

11 a schematic representation of a seventh embodiment of the composite element.

detailed Description of the embodiments

1 schematically shows a first embodiment of a device according to the invention 11 for the production of composite elements 12 , The device 11 includes a conveyor belt 13 be transported with the pre-compressed pre-assemblies, an autoclave 14 for thermal overpressure treatment of the composite elements to be produced 12 and an evacuable space in the form of a flexible bag 15 for receiving and vacuum-thermal treatment of the composite elements 12 , where the flexible bag 15 together with the composite elements 12 in the autoclave 14 can be introduced.

They are common autoclaves 14 can be used, which consist essentially of a pressure and temperature-resistant chamber which is dimensioned such that a plurality of composite elements 12 upright can be brought. The vertical or high-edge placement of the composite elements in the autoclave has the advantage over a horizontal placement that its own weight in the manufacturing process has essentially no influence. When placed horizontally, it may happen that underlying composite elements 12 by the weight of overlying composite elements 12 be pressed more strongly, so that a constant manufacturing quality is not guaranteed. The autoclave 14 has a compressed air pump 16 for generating compressed air and a heating device 17 for heating the compressed air and for setting a treatment temperature. The treatment temperature is in the range of 100 ° C to 150 ° C, for example at 130 ° C. Thus, hot air flows in under overpressure, whereby the overpressure as additional pressing pressure on one or more in the autoclave 14 located composite elements 12 acts. It is provided a recirculation, so that the air in the autoclave 14 is continuously circulated and thus repeatedly compressed and reheated.

The flexible bag 15 is dimensioned to be one or more, optionally by intermediate elements 25 separate composite elements 12 can record. After receiving it, it can be hermetically sealed. The flexible bag 15 may be made of a heat-resistant plastic material, for example. On the bag 15 there is an air line 18 with a shut-off valve, the air line 18 with a vacuum pump 19 connected to the evacuation of the bag 15 , So is used to generate a negative pressure. By evacuation of the bag 15 its shell nestles against the composite element to be produced 12 and press this together with a pressing pressure. The pressing pressure is in the range of 12 bar to 18 bar, for example 15 bar. The total pressing pressure applied to the composite element to be produced 12 acts, therefore, is composed of the pressing pressure, which results from the pressure-related nestling of the bag, and the additional pressing pressure, which is given by the compressed air in the autoclave.

The composite elements considered for this purpose 12 preferably consist of two plate-like outer elements 20 . 21 , which are exemplified here by means of glass panes. Essentially between the two glass panes is at least one insert 22 , here exemplified by diodes ( 1 . 2 . 3 and 4 ) and a composite strength reinforcing insert made of reinforcing material ( 2 . 5 and 6 ), for example made of translucent plastic in the form of acrylic glass, are shown. Also between the two glass panes is a translucent, thermally influenced layer 23 for connecting the outer elements 20 . 21 with the insert 22 , So the glass sheets with the diodes, which is exemplified here in the form of a thermoplastic film. The thermoplastic film used is preferably a tear-resistant polyvinyl butyral film.

An alternative is the in 11 The composite element represents a mirror having a reflective coating. The inserts are again exemplified in the form of diodes, on a flat inner surface or in a blind hole 28 the glass pane are attached.

method

In 3 is exemplary by means of successive process steps 3a to 3c the production of a pre-bond shown. The Vorverbundes is produced in the horizontal state, wherein at first one, for example, designed as a glass pane, the first outer element 20 is placed on a pad. As in 3a1 this can be a glass pane with a smooth inner surface or, as in 3a2 shown to a glass pane with blind holes 28 act on the inner surface. The blind holes 28 serve deposits 22 , which are shown here by way of example in the form of diodes substantially completely absorb.

The diodes will, as in 3a1 shown fixed on the inner surface of the glass sheet at predetermined positions by means of a fixing agent. At the in 3a2 As shown alternative, the positions of the diodes are already determined by the position of the blind holes 28 predetermined, wherein the diodes are fixed by means of a fixing agent. By introducing the fixative, such as an adhesive, the matte blind holes are translucent.

Next, as in 3b represents the current flow of the diodes, which is shown here by way of example with reference to a preferably relatively thin wire attached to the diodes preferably soldered to these. The piece of wire located between the two soldering points of a diode is then cut out.

Next is a translucent, thermally-influenced layer 23 placed in the form of the thermoplastic film on the diodes.

alternative Is it possible first hang up the slide and then the diodes in the form of an earlier soldered Set up diode array.

As the last process step in the production of the pre-bond is, as in 3c illustrated the second outer element 21 , that also here is shown by way of a glass pane, on the previously made "sandwich" made of glass, insert 22 and layer 23 placed on and pressed with a pre-pressing, this pre-pressing can be applied manually or by a suitable rolling or brushing equipment.

The Vorverbund is then by means of the conveyor belt 13 to the autoclave 14 transported, and upright possibly together with other composite elements 12 first in the flexible bag 15 For example, he has already been in an autoclave 14 can be located. After introducing the at least one composite element 12 becomes the bag 15 hermetically sealed, for example airtight welded.

As in 4 represented, is the composite element 12 in hermetically sealed, flexible bag 15 , where the bag cover, as in 4a shown, still loose on the composite element 12 rests. Next, by operating the vacuum pump 19 Air from the bag 15 pumped, so that in the bag, a negative pressure and the bag sack firmly, under a pressing pressure to the composite element 12 presses on ( 4b ). By closing the shut-off valve, this negative pressure state can be maintained for the desired duration of treatment. Substantially simultaneously with the production of the negative pressure in the bag is the autoclave 14 put into operation, so that hot compressed air flows into the autoclave chamber. The overpressure generated by the compressed air now acts in addition to the vacuum pressure of the bag 15 on the composite element to be pressed 12 , The hot air brought to treatment temperature causes the thermoplastic film to start to flow, as in 4b represented, the spaces between the individual diodes with the layer 23 be filled until you like in 4c shown, complete with layer 23 are filled. If a preliminary pressure or a pretreatment temperature has already been set during the pre-compression of the precompound, which was sufficient to cause the thermoplastic film to flow, then the gas pockets, in particular air bubbles, produced during the pre-compression are autoclaved by the vacuum-thermal treatment 14 completely removed and completely filled with layer.

It is possible, too, instead of generating a negative pressure only with the overpressure outside the evacuable space, so to work with relative negative pressure, the bag only to vent would.

By the method according to the invention arise composite elements, which are characterized in that no air bubbles or other irregularities can be seen and the deposits 22 own the clean between the two exterior elements 20 . 21 are embedded. Such composite elements according to the invention 12 can be used as high-quality design elements and also fulfill safety regulations that apply to fall-proof glazing due to their gas-containment freedom.

In 5 is a second embodiment of a composite element according to the invention 12 shown. Instead of a deposit 22 Diodes are here a deposit 22 selected from composite strength-enhancing material that shown here by way of example at the edge regions of the composite element 12 as a relatively narrow strip of material or, as in 5 pictured right below, inserted as a relatively small insert disc. As a composite strength-enhancing material, for example, translucent plastic in the form of acrylic glass can be used. This in 5 illustrated composite element 12 For example, it can be used as crash-resistant glazing for parapets, etc., because the inserted composite strength-enhancing materials increase the strength of the composite element 12 increase so that it meets the relevant safety requirements for fall-resistant glazing. Holes can be introduced into the insert disks, on which fastening elements, for example glass point holders 30 can be attached. The advantage of this is that these holes on sections of the composite element 12 can lie, which would not be allowed in pure glass composite elements without insert, since there must be maintained a minimum distance of about 8cm from the edges.

Another application of such composite elements are canopies. Depending on the position of the composite strength-enhancing material in the composite element holes can be mounted there, and for securing suspension elements of the canopy, for example of tension cables 40 etc. are used.

In 6 is a third embodiment of the composite element 12 shown. As a deposit 22 Here is a perforated plate has been used. Such perforated plate composite elements can be used decorative and have high safety features. For example, such perforated plate composite elements can be used in glass doors decorative and burglary resistant.

7 shows a fourth embodiment of the composite element 12 , As a deposit 22 Here, a reinforcing material has been used, which consists of the composite element 12 protrudes and possibly guided on the corner. Reinforcing material may be used that extends substantially over one side of the composite element 12 extends or reinforcing material in the form of small parts, such as Schei Ben, brackets o. The like .. At the outstanding sections of the insert 22 can drill holes 29 be provided to it at least one additional element, such as a fastener, for example in the form of a tensioning cable 40 o. The like. To attach. It is also possible on the protruding sections further, in particular similar composite elements 12 to fix. This is interesting, for example, with canopies, which consist of several composite elements 12 are constructed. Alternatively, at least one, preferably relatively small, for example circular disk-shaped element (not shown) can be integrated in the region of the center of the composite element, wherein a glass pane of the composite element can have a recess around there an additional element to the insert 22 to be able to connect. Another possibility is to use the composite element as a stair step, wherein the step can be attached to the protruding sections of the staircase.

In 8th is a fifth embodiment of the composite element 12 shown, which can be used as overhead glazing. There is as a deposit 22 a reinforcing material has been used, which is shown here by way of example in the form of two half-slices. It is not allowed in overhead glazing to drill tempered glasses in the tension zone without fixing the glasses at the same time. Through the reinforcing insert 22 is however the composite element 12 at least in the area of the deposit 22 strengthened, so there is at least one hole 31 can be provided, which is not only intended for the inclusion of fasteners, but can be used for example for receiving electrical consumers. The disc-shaped insert 22 can serve at the same time as a power supply to the consumer, for example, a half-disc can be used as plus and the other half-disc as a negative pole.

The 9 and 10 show a sixth embodiment of the composite element 12 , As a deposit 22 Here is one from the composite element 12 outstanding fastener embedded between two electrically conductive layers. The electrically conductive layers may each be a light-transmitting, in particular transparent, thermally influenced layer 23 in the form of an electrically conductive, thermoplastic film. The two electrically conductive layers 23 can through a non-conductive interlayer 33 be separated from each other. The fastener in turn has two electrically conductive outer surfaces, each as a plus and minus pole with the corresponding electrically conductive layer 23 are coupled and where an electrical load, the example here by reference to a lamp 34 is shown attached. The electrically conductive layers 23 in turn are connected to a power source, which also serves as an insert 22 is integrated in the composite element. As a power source, a solar cell can be used.

11 shows a seventh embodiment of the composite element 12 , It represents a mirror with reflective coating 21 For the production is first on the as outer element 20 trained glass disc applied a reflective coating, for example vapor-deposited. Next, through holes are formed in the specular coating 35 introduced, for example by means of drilling, sand blasting or the like. The passage opening can be used as a blind hole 28 be extended into the glass. Alternatively, it is possible for the blind hole already before the application of the reflective coating 21 provided. In the passage opening 35 then becomes a deposit 22 inserted in the form of a diode and fixed by means of a filling layer which substantially fills the passage opening. Characterized in that the lighting means, preferably the diode, in the blind hole 28 sitting the light is also transported within the glass and illuminates dull, preferably sandblasted surfaces (edge strips that shine as facets) or ornaments that on the inner or preferably outer surface of the outer element 20 are deepened.

Claims (32)

Method for producing composite elements ( 12 ), comprising two plate-like outer elements ( 20 . 21 ) of which at least one is a glass sheet, at least one substantially between the outer elements ( 20 . 21 ) deposit ( 22 ) and at least one translucent, in particular transparent, thermally influenceable layer ( 23 ) for connecting the outer elements ( 20 . 21 ) with the insert ( 22 ), the process comprising the following steps: 22 ) and layer ( 23 ) on a first outer element ( 20 ), - joining the first outer element ( 20 ) including deposit ( 22 ) and layer ( 23 ) with one with the layer ( 23 ) coated or uncoated second outer element ( 21 ) to a composite element ( 12 ), - introducing the composite element ( 12 ) in an evacuable space, in particular in a flexible bag ( 15 ), - Applying a relative negative pressure to the space, wherein at least a portion of the space under a pressure of this relative negative pressure due to the composite element ( 12 ) is pressed and this compresses, and - setting a treatment temperature such that in combination with the pressing pressure, the layer ( 23 ) the deposit ( 22 ) while avoiding formation surrounded by gas inclusions. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the insert ( 22 ) not completely in relation to the outer elements ( 20 . 21 ) and deposit-free areas of the composite element ( 12 ) completely with material of the layer ( 23 ) are filled. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that gas inclusions in the composite element ( 12 ) and completely with the layer ( 23 ) are filled. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a direction towards at least one edge of the composite element ( 12 ), it helps to remove the gas inclusions. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one edge region of the composite element ( 12 ) is relieved to facilitate escape of the gas inclusions. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the composite element at least in the region of its through both outer surfaces the room is compressed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the composite element ( 12 ) is compressed on all sides, in particular by means of a flexible bag ( 15 ) formed space, the at least one composite element ( 12 ) completely encloses. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for pressing the composite element ( 12 ) An additional from the negative pressure in the room independent additional pressing pressure is applied. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that that the additional pressing pressure is one by means of an overpressure generating device, in particular by an overpressure generated by means of an autoclave is. Method according to one of the preceding claims, that a pressing pressure in the range of 5bar to 25bar, especially in the range chosen from 12bar to 18bar becomes. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that a treatment temperature in the range of 50 ° C to 200 ° C, in particular in the range of 100 ° C up to 150 ° C chosen becomes. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is in the insert ( 22 ) to verbundverstärkendes material, at least one decorative element and / or at least one electrical load, such as lighting, heating means o. The like., Acts. A method according to claim 12, characterized in that the composite-reinforcing, in particular composite strength-enhancing material in at least one edge region and / or in the center of the composite element ( 12 ) is integrated. Method according to claim 13, characterized in that that the composite reinforcing material is a material which is more resistant to breakage than glass, for example to translucent plastic, preferably acrylic, polycarbonate o. The like., Metal, preferably in Sheet metal, for example as a perforated plate, metal or plastic mesh, such as woven, knitted, crocheted, grid, carbon fiber and / or wood or combinations of the aforementioned materials. Method according to claim 12, characterized in that in that the illuminant is a diode, in particular an LED diode acts. Method according to claim 15, characterized in that that a plurality of light sources, in particular diodes in a grid, in a field with bulbs close together, as writing, arranged as at least one symbol and / or as a design element become. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the layer ( 23 ) is in particular a thermoplastic film, which is preferably colorless and / or tear-resistant. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the outer elements selected are from the group with glass pane, flagstone and sheet metal plate. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the glass sheet is a light-transmitting, preferably transparent and / or colored float glass, plastic like acrylic, Polycarbonate o. The like., Or is a mirror glass. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a pretreatment is carried out such that the two outer elements ( 20 . 21 ), which is at least one Inlay ( 22 ) and the at least one layer ( 23 ) is pre-compressed to a pre Verbund under a prepressing pressure and this is introduced into the evacuable space, wherein preferably in horizontal, horizontal state of the outer elements ( 20 . 21 ) and the resulting pre-bond is placed edgewise in the room. Composite element produced by a method according to one of the preceding claims. Composite element, in particular according to claim 21, characterized by two outer elements ( 20 . 21 ) of which at least one is a glass pane, at least one substantially between the outer elements ( 20 . 21 ) deposit ( 22 ) and at least one translucent, in particular transparent, thermally influenceable layer ( 23 ) for connecting the outer elements ( 20 . 21 ) with the insert ( 22 ). Composite element according to claim 22, characterized in that the outer elements ( 20 . 21 ) are formed plate-like. Composite element according to claim 22 or 23, characterized in that the layer ( 23 ) vacuum-thermally deformed and gas-free, in particular free of air bubbles. Composite element according to one of Claims 22 to 24, characterized in that as a layer ( 23 ) A thermoplastic film is provided, which is preferably colorless and / or tear-resistant. Composite element according to one of claims 22 to 25, characterized in that the insert ( 22 ) not completely in relation to the outer elements ( 20 . 21 ) is formed and deposit-free areas within the composite element ( 12 ) completely with the layer ( 23 ) are filled. Composite element according to one of claims 22 to 26, characterized in that it is a mirror with a reflective coating, in particular metal coating, which has at least one passage opening for receiving at least one insert ( 22 ) having. Composite element according to claim 27, characterized in that the passage opening as a blind hole ( 28 ) in the form of a glass pane outer element ( 20 ) continues and in her the insert, in particular an LED diode, by means of a through-hole substantially filling filling layer is set. Device for producing composite elements, in particular composite elements according to one of Claims 21 to 28, having a heating device ( 17 ), in particular an oven, for setting a treatment temperature which is suitable for a composite element ( 12 ), translucent, in particular transparent layer ( 23 ) and one with the heating device ( 17 ) coupled evacuable space ( 15 ) for receiving individual components of the composite element to be produced ( 12 ) or at least one pre-compressed composite element and one with the space ( 15 ) coupled vacuum generating device ( 19 ) for generating a relative negative pressure in the space, wherein the space at least one under a relative negative pressure due to pressing force on the composite element ( 12 ) has pressable pressing element. Apparatus according to claim 29, characterized in that as evacuable space a flexible, in particular heat-resistant bag ( 15 ) is provided. Apparatus according to claim 29 or 30, characterized in that as vacuum generating means a vacuum pump ( 19 ) is provided. Device according to one of claims 29 to 31, characterized by an autoclave ( 14 ), in which the heating device ( 17 ) is integrated and the an overpressure generating unit ( 16 ) for generating an overpressure which acts as an additional pressing pressure on a composite element ( 12 ) acts.