DE10311924A1 - Detection and quantification of bacteria, particularly Alicyclobacillus species in foods, by extraction of DNA, amplification by polymerase chain reaction and analysis of amplicons - Google Patents
Detection and quantification of bacteria, particularly Alicyclobacillus species in foods, by extraction of DNA, amplification by polymerase chain reaction and analysis of amplicons Download PDFInfo
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- DE10311924A1 DE10311924A1 DE2003111924 DE10311924A DE10311924A1 DE 10311924 A1 DE10311924 A1 DE 10311924A1 DE 2003111924 DE2003111924 DE 2003111924 DE 10311924 A DE10311924 A DE 10311924A DE 10311924 A1 DE10311924 A1 DE 10311924A1
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- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
- C12Q1/04—Determining presence or kind of microorganism; Use of selective media for testing antibiotics or bacteriocides; Compositions containing a chemical indicator therefor
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- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
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- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6888—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms
- C12Q1/689—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for detection or identification of organisms for bacteria
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- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
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- C12Q1/6851—Quantitative amplification
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Abstract
Description
Gegenstand der vorliegenden Erfindung ist eine Methode zur Detektion und Quantifizierung von verschiedenen Alicyclobacillus Spezies.Object of the present invention is a method for the detection and quantification of various Alicyclobacillus species.
Bei Produkten der Lebensmittelindustrie ist eine Kontrolle der mikrobiellen Belastung wesentlich. Diese Belastung kann einerseits krankheitserregende Keime betreffen, andererseits aber auch Keime, die keine gesundheitlichen Auswirkungen auf den Menschen haben, die aber in ausreichend großer Konzentration zu einer deutlichen Beeinträchtigung der Genuss- bzw. Verzehrfähigkeit des Produktes führen.For products in the food industry a control of the microbial load is essential. This Exposure can affect pathogens on the one hand, and on the other but also germs that have no health effects on the People who have enough concentration to become one significant impairment the ability to enjoy or eat of the product.
Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris führt zu der letztgenannten Art von Keimbelastung. In Produkten, die über eine ausreichende Acidität verfügen, vermehrt sich dieser Organismus und bildet dabei Substanzen, die die Produkte ungenießbar machen. Neben Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris gibt es noch andere Alicyclobacillen, z.B. Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius, die zwar ebenso in Lebensmittelprodukten mit ausreichender Acidität wachsen können, dabei aber keine geschmacksintensiven Stoffe bilden.Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris leads to the latter type of germ load. In products that have a adequate acidity feature, This organism reproduces and thereby forms substances that the Products inedible do. In addition to Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, there are others Alicyclobacilli, e.g. Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius, although also grow in food products with sufficient acidity can, but do not form any flavor-intensive substances.
Eine genaue Kontrolle des Grades einer mikrobiellen Belastung mit Alicyclobacillen und vor allem auch der Art der mikrobiellen Belastung (d.h. Belastung mit welcher Spezies von Alicyclobacillus) eines Lebensmittelproduktes oder -zusatzstoffes ist daher von großer Bedeutung. Zum einen werden gegenwärtig Methoden der selektiven Anreicherung von Alicyclobacillen unter hohen Temperaturen in sauren Medien zur Detektion angewendet (Ref.). Diese Methoden besitzen aber den Nachteil, weder vollständig spezifisch für Alicyclobacillen zu sein noch eine Unterscheidung zwischen verschiedenen Alicyclobacillen zu ermöglichen. Weiter entwickelte Tests beruhen auf der chemischen Reaktion mit einem Farbsignal, die von den Bakterien beim Wachstum in bestimmten Medien ausgeführt werden (Ref). Eine sichere Unterscheidung verschiedener Alicyclobacillen Spezies ist damit aber weiterhin schwierig.Close control of the degree a microbial load with alicyclobacilli and above all the type of microbial contamination (i.e. contamination with which species from Alicyclobacillus) of a food product or additive is therefore of great Importance. On the one hand, methods of selective Enrichment of alicyclobacilli at high temperatures in acidic Media used for detection (Ref.). Own these methods but the disadvantage, neither completely specific for Alicyclobacillen is still a distinction between different ones To enable alicyclobacilli. Further developed tests are based on the chemical reaction with a color signal determined by the bacteria when growing in Media executed be (ref). A reliable differentiation between different alicyclobacilli But species is still difficult.
Aus dem Stand der Technik hat sich für die vorliegende Erfindung die Aufgabe gestellt, ein Verfahren bereitzustellen, das die sichere Identifizierung und damit sichere Quantifizierung der verschiedenen Alicyclobacillen gewährleistet.From the state of the art for the present invention has for its object to provide a method that is the reliable identification and thus the reliable quantification of the various alicyclobacillas.
Gelöst wurde diese Aufgabe mit einem Verfahren bestehend aus den Teilschritten:
- a) Extraktion der DNA in der Probe,
- b) Verwendung der DNA als Matrize für eine Polymerase Ketten Reaktion (PCR) und
- c) Analyse der Produkte der PCR
- a) extraction of the DNA in the sample,
- b) use of the DNA as a template for a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and
- c) Analysis of the products of the PCR
Überraschend hat sich mit diesem Verfahren gezeigt, dass unter Verwendung spezifischer Nukleotidsequenzen als Primer für eine Polymerase Kettenreaktion analysierbare Signale generiert werden können, die die Identität verschiedener Alicyclobacillus Spezies preisgeben.Surprised has shown with this method that using specific Nucleotide sequences as primers for a polymerase chain reaction generates analyzable signals can, the the identity of various Alicyclobacillus species.
Jeder Mikroorganismus ist einzigartig in einigen seiner DNA Sequenzen. Viele andere Sequenzen werden allerdings mit anderen Organismen geteilt. Verschiedene Organismen innerhalb einer Spezies haben einen sehr großen Anteil ihrer DNA gemeinsam. Verschiedene Spezies innerhalb eines Genus besitzen einen geringeren Teil an Sequenzidentität untereinander. Noch geringer ist der Anteil an Identität zwischen verschiedenen Genera. Diese Unterschiede kann man sich zunutze machen, um spezifische Primer zu entwickeln, die DNA Sequenzen enthalten, welche im Wesentlichen spezifisch für einen bestimmten Genus sind (z.B. für den Genus Alicyclobacillus) oder für bestimmte Spezies (z.B. Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris) oder für eine bestimmte Gruppe von Spezies (z.B. Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, Alcyclobacillus acidocaldarius und Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus). Die biologische Verwendung der DNA ist dabei irrelevant, wichtig ist, dass die DNA Sequenzen ausreichend konserviert sind, um entsprechende Identitäten zwischen Spezies bzw. Genera zu gewährleisten. Die 16S rDNA ist dabei für Bakterien besonders geeignet.Every microorganism is unique in some of his DNA sequences. Many other sequences, however shared with other organisms. Different organisms within a species have a very large proportion of their DNA in common. Different species within a genus have fewer Part of sequence identity among themselves. The share of identity between is even lower different genera. You can take advantage of these differences to develop specific primers that contain DNA sequences, which are essentially specific to a particular gender (e.g. for the genus Alicyclobacillus) or for certain species (e.g. Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris) or for a certain group of species (e.g. Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris, Alcyclobacillus acidocaldarius and Alicyclobacillus cycloheptanicus). The biological use of DNA is irrelevant, important is that the DNA sequences are sufficiently conserved to match identities between species or genera. The 16S rDNA is doing for Bacteria particularly suitable.
Wird eine PCR mit Primern durchgeführt, die beide für das zu untersuchende Bakterium spezifische DNA Sequenzen enthalten, und die dabei genomische DNA dieses Bakteriums als Matrize benutzt, so kann nur dann ein Produkt der entsprechenden Anzahl an Nukleotiden gewonnen werden, wenn beide Primer entsprechend ihrer vorausgesagten Spezifität binden können. Die Spezifität der Analyse ist damit nicht nur von der Spezifität eines Primers abhängig, sondern von der Spezifität beider Primer und des entsprechenden Abstandes, den die beiden zu Grund liegenden spezifischen Sequenzen zueinander besitzen. Die Analyse der Reaktion der PCR bzw. ihres Reaktionsproduktes kann zum einem über konventionelle Agarose-Gelelektrophorese erfolgen, mit anschließender Visualisierung über Färbung mit Ethidumbromid oder Hybridisierung mit gelabelten, detektierbaren, spezifischen DNA Sequenzen, oder zum anderen über Kapillarelektrophorese. Alternativ kann die Analyse auch parallel während der Reaktion selbst über Real-Time PCR durchgeführt werden.If a PCR is carried out with primers which both contain DNA sequences specific to the bacterium to be examined and which uses the genomic DNA of this bacterium as a template, a product of the corresponding number of nucleotides can only be obtained if both primers have been predicted according to their prediction Can bind specificity. The specificity of the analysis is therefore not only dependent on the specificity of a primer, but on the specificity of both primers and the corresponding distance that the two underlying specific sequences have from one another. The analysis of the reaction of the PCR or its reaction product can be carried out on the one hand via conventional agarose gel electrophoresis, with subsequent visualization via staining with ethidum bromide or hybridization with labeled, detectable, specific DNA sequences, or on the other hand via capillary electrophoresis. Alternatively, the analysis can also be carried out in parallel during the reaction itself using real-time PCR the.
Ein Liste von spezifischen Primern ist hier angeführt: A list of specific primers is given here:
Eine spezifische Detektion eines bestimmten Bakteriums oder einer Gruppe bestimmter Bakterien kann durch die Kombination jeweils eines A und eines B-Primers in der PCR Reaktion erreicht werden.A specific detection of a certain bacteria or a group of certain bacteria by combining an A and a B primer in the PCR Response can be achieved.
Zusammenfassend ist festzustellen, dass die spezifischen Primer in ihrer Nukleotidzusammensetzung variiert werden können. So können z.B. Primer verwendet werden, die eine Teilsequenz enthalten, die zu 90% homolog zu den hier angegeben Sequenzen ist. Außerdem kann eine DNA Sonde in der Analyse ergänzt werden, die spezifisch für Sequenzabschnitte ist, die zwischen den den Primern zugrundeliegenden Abschnitten liegt.In summary it can be stated that the specific primers vary in their nucleotide composition can be. So can e.g. Primers are used that contain a partial sequence that is 90% homologous to the sequences given here. Besides, can a DNA probe can be added to the analysis that is specific for sequence sections which lies between the sections on which the primers are based.
1. Test ob isolierte Bakterien zur Spezies Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris gehören1. Test whether isolated bacteria for the species Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris belong
Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius und Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris Bakterien lagen isoliert als Kolonie auf Agar Platte vor.Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius and Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris bacteria were isolated as a colony Agar plate in front.
Für je 3 Kolonien wurden 20 μl PCR-Mix vorbereitet: (0,2 mM dNTP, 3 mM MgCl2, 10 mM Tris/HCl, pH 8,5, 50 mM KCl, 0.8% Nonident P40, 0,5 u Taq-Polymerase, 0,4 mM Primer 1 (5'-CGGATAATACACGGGT) (SEQ ID NO: 1), 0,4 mM Primer 2 (5'-CACTTCAGACTTACACA) (SEQ ID NO: 4))20 μl PCR mix were prepared for each 3 colonies: (0.2 mM dNTP, 3 mM MgCl 2 , 10 mM Tris / HCl, pH 8.5, 50 mM KCl, 0.8% Nonident P40, 0.5 u Taq- Polymerase, 0.4 mM Primer 1 (5'-CGGATAATACACGGGT) (SEQ ID NO: 1), 0.4 mM Primer 2 (5'-CACTTCAGACTTACACA) (SEQ ID NO: 4))
Mit einer sterilen Pipetenspitze wurde etwas Bakterienmasse von jeder Kolonie in den PCR Mix übertragen.With a sterile pipette tip some bacterial mass from each colony was transferred to the PCR mix.
Die Proben durchliefen folgenden Temperaturzyklus: 1 min 95°C, repeat 30 times: (30 sec 95 °C, 30 sec 52 °C, 45 sec 72 °C), 5 min 72 °CThe samples went through the following Temperature cycle: 1 min 95 ° C, repeat 30 times: (30 sec 95 ° C, 30 sec 52 ° C, 45 sec 72 ° C), 5 min 72 ° C
Anschließend wurden die Proben mit
4 μl of
Gelladepuffer versetzt (60 mM EDTA, 60 % Glycerol, 0.09 % bromophenol
blue, 0.09 % xylene cyanol FF), über
ein 1%iges Agarosegel aufgetrennt und nach Einfärbung mit Ethidiumbromid unter
UV analysiert (Siehe
Bei den drei Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris Proben konnte eine Bande von ca. 440 bp detektiert werden. Diese Proben wurden somit als richtig identifiziert.In the three Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris A band of approx. 440 bp could be detected in samples. This Samples were thus identified as correct.
2. Test ob isolierte Bakterien zur Gruppe Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris/Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius gehören2. Test for isolated bacteria to the group Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris / Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius belong
Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius, Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris Bakterien und ein Brevibakerium lagen isoliert als Kolonie auf Agar Platte vor.Alicyclobacillus acidocaldarius, Alicyclobacillus acidoterrestris bacteria and a brevibakerium were isolated as a colony on agar plate.
Für je zwei Kolonien Alicyclobacillus und eine Kolonie Brevibakterium wurden 20 μl PCR-Mix vorbereitet: (0,2 mM dNTP, 3 mM MgCl2, 10 mM Tris/HCl, pH 8,5, 50 mM KCl, 0.8 % Nonident P40, 0,5 u Taq-Polymerase, 0,4 mM Primer 1 (5'-CACGTGGGYAATCTGCCTTTC) (SEQ ID NO: 6), 0,4 mM Primer 2 (5'-CCTTCGGCACTG GGGTGTGT) (SEQ ID NO: 9))For each two colonies of Alicyclobacillus and one colony of Brevibacterium, 20 μl PCR mix was prepared: (0.2 mM dNTP, 3 mM MgCl 2 , 10 mM Tris / HCl, pH 8.5, 50 mM KCl, 0.8% Nonident P40, 0 , 5 u Taq polymerase, 0.4 mM primer 1 (5'-CACGTGGGYAATCTGCCTTTC) (SEQ ID NO: 6), 0.4 mM primer 2 (5'-CCTTCGGCACTG GGGTGTGT) (SEQ ID NO: 9))
Mit einer sterilen Pipetenspitze wurde etwas Bakterienmasse von jeder Kolonie in den PCR Mix übertragen.With a sterile pipette tip some bacterial mass from each colony was transferred to the PCR mix.
Die Proben durchliefen folgenden Temperaturzyklus: 1 min 95°C, repeat 30 times: (30 sec 95 °C, 30 sec 52 °C, 45 sec 72 °C), 5 min 72 °CThe samples went through the following Temperature cycle: 1 min 95 ° C, repeat 30 times: (30 sec 95 ° C, 30 sec 52 ° C, 45 sec 72 ° C), 5 min 72 ° C
Anschließend wurden die Proben mit
4 μl of
Gelladepuffer versetzt (60 mM EDTA, 60 % Glycerol, 0.09 % bromophenol
blue, 0.09 % xylene cyanol FF), über
ein 1%iges Agarosegel aufgetrennt und nach Einfärbung mit Ethidiumbromid unter
UV analysiert (Siehe
Bei allen Alicyclobacillus-Proben konnte eine Bande von ca. 750 bp detektiert werden. Diese Proben wurden somit richtig identifiziert.For all Alicyclobacillus samples a band of approximately 750 bp could be detected. These samples were thus correctly identified.
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WO2005118804A1 (en) * | 2004-06-03 | 2005-12-15 | San-Ei Gen F.F.I., Inc. | Method of specifically detecting bacterium belonging to the genus alicyclobacillus |
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WO2005118804A1 (en) * | 2004-06-03 | 2005-12-15 | San-Ei Gen F.F.I., Inc. | Method of specifically detecting bacterium belonging to the genus alicyclobacillus |
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