DE10306358A1 - Color and / or effect-giving, opaque films for the coating of three-dimensional substrates, their preparation and their use - Google Patents

Abstract

Covering, color and / or effect-giving film, wherein DOLLAR A (A) the film comprises a pigmented carrier film (A) made of plastic with a thickness of greater than 500 mum and DOLLAR A (B) on the carrier film at least one pigmented, opaque color and / or effect layer is applied and DOLLAR A wherein the color of the carrier film (A) and the color of the color and / or effect layer (B) are adapted to each other; Process for their preparation and their use.

Description

The present invention relates Color and / or effect-giving, opaque films, a process for the preparation these films and the use of the films for coating three-dimensional substrates, in particular in the automotive industry.

Color and / or effect-giving coatings Of motor vehicle bodies, in particular car bodies exist today preferably of several paint layers, one above the other be applied and have different properties.

For example, one after the other an electrically deposited electrocoating (ETL) as a primer, a primer coat or antistonechip primer, a base coat and a Clearcoating applied to a substrate.

Here, the ETL is used in particular the corrosion protection of the sheet. It is also often used by experts referred to as a primer.

The primer coat is used for the cover of unevenness of the ground and grants due to their elasticity the stone chip resistance. If necessary, the surfacer coat still to reinforce the opacity and serve to deepen the color of the paint.

The base coat controls the colors and / or the angle-dependent optical effects. It can both the brightness (quantity) and the color (by wavelength-specific Absorption or by interference) of the reflected light in dependence of the viewing angle, which is also known as brightness and / or color flop referred to as.

The clearcoat serves to reinforce the optical effects and protection of the paint from mechanical and chemical damage.

Basecoat and clearcoat become common also collectively referred to as topcoat. In addition will still on Römpp Lexicon Paints and Printing Inks, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, 1998, pages 49 and 51, "Automobackacke".

The disadvantage is that the application these color and / or effect-giving coatings often in four separate steps must be taken between each flashed as well as possibly burned, which at a high time and workload as well as increased Energy and plant costs leads. adversely is still the environmental impact of using solvent-based Paints.

Besides, in practice pointed out that in particular the application conditions for the basecoats strongly influence the color and effect behavior of the basecoats can. The same applies to different drying conditions for the applied basecoat films, because of the use of different substrates, such as plastics and metals, must be discontinued. These factors make in practice complex measures to match the color of components needed in a bodywork push each other directly (color matching).

To solve these problems from the outset to avoid becoming lately color and / or effect-giving multi-layered Films for coating motor vehicle bodies, in particular Motor vehicle body exterior parts, proposed. These known color and / or effect-giving multilayered Slides can be made under constant conditions and on any Substrates are applied, creating a substrate and process-independent hue and / or optical effect results. The slides can open Planar substrates are applied. The coated planars Substrates can be deformed for example by deep drawing, creating three-dimensional Components result. Such components can also be laminated the films are produced on three-dimensionally shaped substrates or by injection molding, foam backing or rear pressing with thermoplastic plastics.

The international patent application WO 96/35520 discloses films for coating molded blanks, wherein the films of a pigmented plastic carrier film with built up a thickness of 10 to 500 microns are. On the carrier foil an effect layer is applied and the effect layer possibly with a transparent plastic film or transparent lacquer layer coated. The effect layer can be omitted if the transparent Plastic film or transparent lacquer layer with effect pigments is provided. As can be seen in particular from Example 3, are However, the color and / or effect layers of these films not opaque and the carrier foils comparatively thin, so that at high degrees of stretching the risk of change in color and / or optical effect.

The films described can therefore especially for critical colors, z. B. have at low opaque bright colors and / or when using any Hinterspritzmaterialien itself or in combination with high degree of stretching of the films more or less pronounced changes in hue, brightness and / or the optical effect over the color original. Furthermore, within a strongly deformed component between the regions of the films, which are therefore stretched to different degrees also changes in hue, brightness and possibly in the optical effect occur.

In the industry, moreover, from ecological and economic establish increasingly granules with a high proportion of reused components of different colors used, so that different strong toned masses are obtained.

At the deviation from the color original However, there is an increased Effort for setting the basecoat color. Furthermore, within of greatly unevenly deformed Components no longer harmonious due to the strong elongation of the films To achieve overall color impression of the component, since in the strongly stretched Areas z. B. decreases the film thickness and thus their influence changes to the overall color impression.

A "color matching" is therefore with the known films especially difficult for heavily deformed components.

Therefore, films are desired the greater freedom allow for pigmentation and / or application of basecoats, d. H. independently from the back injection material used and the achievable elongation of the material within a component and therefore allow a "color matching". Made from the new, color and / or effect giving films new coatings should also be used in the stretched areas still have a sufficiently high hiding power and no or only very little changes in hue and / or effect suffer especially in critical Colors.

The present invention was additionally the Task underlying films for coating of three-dimensional To provide substrates such as blank preforms or vehicle bodies, the after completion of the substrates improved properties have and in their production only small amounts of solvents be emitted and a simple quality monitoring is possible. If appropriate, the films should have as few layers as possible and yet for the manufacture of automobile bodies and for the production of Attachments for Vehicle bodies can be used.

Overall, in terms of gloss, distinctness of image, uniformity of hiding power, uniform layer thickness, resistance to fuel, solvents and acids, hardness, abrasion resistance, scratch resistance, impact resistance, adhesive strength, weathering resistance and resistance to water and moisture, the new coatings should have the so-called "automotive quality". (see European Patent EP 0352 298 B1 , Page 15, line 42 to page 17, line 40).

• (A) die Folie eine pigmentierte Trägerfolie (A) aus Kunststoff mit einer Dicke von größer 500 μm umfasst und
• (B) auf die Trägerfolie mindestens eine pigmentierte, deckende Farb- und/oder Effektschicht aufgebracht ist und wobei die Farbe der Trägerfolie (A) und die Farbe der Farb- und/oder Effektschicht
• (B) einander angepasst sind.

Accordingly, the new, opaque, color and / or effect-giving film were found, wherein

• (A) the film comprises a pigmented carrier film (A) made of plastic with a thickness of greater than 500 microns, and
• (B) at least one pigmented, opaque color and / or effect layer is applied to the carrier film and wherein the color of the carrier film (A) and the color of the color and / or effect layer
• (B) are adapted to each other.

The following are the new colors and / or effect-giving, opaque films referred to as "films of the invention".

The pigmented used in the invention carrier films (A) are overall considerably thicker than the conventional color and / or effect giving multi-layer coatings or films to those in the coating three-dimensional objects occurring drawings, which may be more than 200, a sufficiently high hiding power to preserve and one as possible little change to suffer in the shade and optical effect.

A "color matching" especially for critical colors and colors high degree of stretching is thus possible.

Another feature of the films of the invention is next to the thickness of the carrier films (A) especially that the backing sheets (A) are pigmented. It should be emphasized that under "pigmented" in the sense of the invention with coloring colorful (colors in the true sense) or achromatic (white, Gray, black, grayscale) pigments stained to understand. With the Adjustment of the color of the carrier film (A) and the opaque color of the color and / or effect layer (B) together it is achieved that the films of the invention by strongly stretched Areas caused color changes compensate, d. H. there is no "show through", but the color of the pigmented support film (A) supported the color of the color and / or effect layer (B).

Thus, a greater freedom for pigmentation and / or application of the basecoats, d. H. the pigmentation will be largely or completely independently from the substrate used and from the realizable elongation of the Film material on a strongly deformed component (three-dimensional Substrate).

Thus, in particular depending on the application also used smaller amounts of pigment and / or lower layer thicknesses the color and / or effect layer (B) can be realized.

According to the invention, the color of the carrier film (A) and the color of the color and / or effect layer (B) matched, ie they are similar or identical.

Similar are colors of two coatings when their colorimetric data are aligned with each other. Under colorimetric data understands the brightness, hue, hue, etc. of a color, d. H. the sensory impression mediated by the eye (see "Color" in Römpp Lexikon Chemistry - CD Version 2, Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart 1999).

For complete representation, both the color and the brightness, a color perception can be represented as a vector of a three-dimensional space, the color space. The CIE has recommended a color space as an approximate equal perceived color space [DIN 5033 TI. 3 (07/1992)]. It is called L * a * b * color space (s. 1 and 2 ) and called CIELAB for short.

Colors can therefore be based on the 1 organize. It shows the color space diagram according to CIELAB. A particular color is determined by its coordinates L *, a * and b *. In this system, the value L * of a color corresponding to its brightness ranges from 0 (black) to 100) to white). The color hue of a color is characterized by the values of a * and b *, where a * corresponds to the red component in the case of a positive value or to the green component in the case of a negative value and b * in the case of a positive value and the blue component in the case of a negative value, respectively. If a color valence is indicated by the cylindrical coordinates L *, C * and h, then C * is a measure of the chroma while the rotation angle h is a measure of the hue.

In 1 For example, the brightness of a color is measured on the vertical axis, whereas a * and b * are measured as points in a rectangular coordinate system in the plane horizontal to the L * axis.

As red, any transmitted or reflected color of wavelength is from about 610 to about 700 nm; as orange is any transmitted or reflected color of wavelength from about 590 to about 610 nm; as yellow is any transmitted or reflected color of a wavelength of about 570 to about 590 nm; as green is any transmitted or reflected color of a wavelength of about 500 to about 570 nm; as blue is any transmitted or reflected color of a wavelength of about 460 to about 500 nm and as violet or purple. is any transmitted or reflected color of a wavelength of about 400 to about 460 nm to understand (see also the CIELAB color wheel 2 ).

mit den Einzelabständen
ΔL* = L^* _P – L^* _B Helligkeitsabstand
Δa* = a^* _P – a^* _B Rot-Grün-Abstand
Δb* = b^* _P – b^* _B Gelb-Blau-AbstandIn the CIELAB color space, the spatial distance between the coordinates of a reference and a sample color largely corresponds to the visually perceived color difference. In the CIELAB color space, the total color distance is defined as the spatial distance between the color space of a reference color B (target color) and a sample color P (actual color). After Pythagoras what is true for the color difference ΔE ^* :

with the individual distances
ΔL * = L ^* _P - L ^* _B Brightness distance
Δa * = a ^* _P - a ^* _B Red-green distance
Δb * = b ^* _P - b ^* _B Yellow-blue distance

The color difference ΔE * is basically positive, the single color distances however, can be negative or positive. The color values L * a * b * hanging from cover and sample starting from the type of light and the observer angle, the same also applies to the color difference.

The ΔE ₉₄ formula known to those skilled in the art was specified for the following standard observation conditions: illuminant D 65, illuminance 1000 Ix, ambient medium gray (L * = 50), sample size> 4 ° field of view angle, edge to edge sample placement and ΔE range <5 The ΔE ^* ₉₄ color space formula correlates well with visual perception.

If in the present application reference is made to the CIELAB system 94's formula.

• – dem Farbort einer gegebenen pigmentierten deckenden Farb- und/oder Effektschicht (B) auf einer unpigmentierten Folie (F) derselben Dicke und aus demselben Material wie die Trägerfolie (A) und einem Untergrund (U) und
• – dem Farbort der gegebenen pigmentierten deckenden Farb- und/oder Effektschicht (B) auf einer pigmentierten Trägerfolie (A) derselben Dicke und aus demselben Material wie die Folie (F) und demselben Untergrund (U) ≤ 2, vorzugsweise ≤ 1,5 und insbesondere ≤ 1 ist.

"Adapted" in the sense of the invention means that the pigmentation of the carrier film (A) is selected such that the color difference ΔE * between

• - The color of a given pigmented opaque color and / or effect layer (B) on an unpigmented film (F) of the same thickness and of the same material as the carrier film (A) and a substrate (U) and
• - The color of the given pigmented opaque color and / or effect layer (B) on a pigmented carrier film (A) of the same thickness and from the same material as the film (F) and the same background (U) ≤ 2, preferably ≤ 1.5 and in particular ≤ 1.

The selection of the pigmentation for colored carrier film (A) can, for example, be carried out by selecting in a first step colorfully pigmented films (A) whose visual color impressions are similar to the visual color impression of the given covering pigmented color and / or effect layer (B) are. For example, if the colors of (A) and (B) have the same brightness in the same quadrant of the CIELAB color wheel (cf. 2 ) or - in the limiting case - are identical.

The selection of the pigmentation for achromatic carrier film (A) can be carried out, for example, in a first step, selecting non-pigmented films (A) whose visual color impressions correspond to the visual color impression of the given covering pigmented achromatic color and / or effect layer (B). are similar. For example, the color impressions are "similar" if the achromatic colors of (A) and (B) do not have an excessively large brightness distance ΔL * at the smallest possible or nonexistent color difference Δa * and Δb * (cf. 1 ). In the vast majority of cases, a rapid selection of the pigmented carrier film (A) succeeds when the brightness distance ΔL * ≤ 80, preferably ≤ 70 and in particular ≤60.

In a second step is then checked, whether the ones selected in the first step pigmented carrier foils (A) satisfy the above condition or not. Those pigmented carrier foils (A) that do not meet this condition are discarded.

For example, in the color "silver" the opaque pigmented Color and / or effect layer (B) a light gray colored support film (A) used. Accordingly, in "Beige" a beige-colored carrier film (A) and "black" a black-colored carrier film (A) used.

The color and / or effect layer (B) can be a clear, transparent, possibly not opaque pigmented coating (C) follow.

The clear, transparent coating (C) may be present as a film or lacquer layer. It may not be opaque pigmented with the (below) described color and / or effect pigments But then it is also the pigmented by their color impression ago support film (A) and the color and / or effect layer (B) similar (see above).

With the films of the invention Excellent results in the coating are also of special achieved strongly deformed components and it is a "color matching" regardless of the geometry of the component to be coated possible and independent of the color or brightness of the substrate (U) or of the substrate.

Another feature of the films of the invention represents the effect layer (B). It should be stressed that "effect" in the sense of the present Invention is not synonymous with "color" in the conventional sense No coloring pigments are used, but metal flakes or transparent leaflets, such as mica pigments or interference pigments with high light refractive index, which cause a special pearlescent effect and / or Farbflop.

surprisingly Way is through the use of color-giving pigments in the pigmented support film (A) and effect flakes or "leaflets" in the effect layer (B) a film according to the invention with greatly improved properties provided. In addition will by this combination a particularly high variation of optical Allows effects and colors, with only comparatively small amounts of expensive effect pigments must be used in the effect layer (B).

In addition, already basically enough two layers, i. a layer (A) and a layer (B), without additional Layer to the automotive grade of the film of the invention sure.

The pigmented carrier foil (A) may consist of at least one plastic, in particular a polyolefin, a polyamide, a polyurethane, a polyester, a polyacrylate or a polycarbonate, as well as at least one pigment become. Preferably, (A) 500 to 1500, in particular 500 to 1300 microns thick.

Corresponding thermoplastic materials are for the peelable films (D) (see below), the clear, transparent ones Films (C) and the non-pigmented films (F) can be used.

On the surface of the pigmented carrier foil (A) becomes a covering color and / or Effect layer (B) applied. For their manufacture come the same thermoplastic materials as for the carrier film (A) and suitable pigments.

For but the production of the color and / or effect layer (B) can also everyone for the conventional painting of automobile bodies suitable, especially watery, Topcoat or basecoat can be used, provided that the produced Painting the for the invention has required flexibility and pigmentation. Of the Basecoat or topcoat, especially the waterborne basecoat, contains essentially one polymeric binder, optionally a crosslinking agent and paint aid. The topcoat or basecoat used can, for example, as a binder a polyester resin, a polyurethane resin, an epoxy resin or a polyacrylate resin or a mixture of such binders. As a crosslinking agent the topcoat or basecoat may be an aminoplast resin, a polyisocyanate resin, a carboxyl group-containing crosslinking agent or a mixture from such crosslinking agents.

As a paint aid come z. B. into consideration: anti-foaming, anti-settling, leveling and rheology aids such. B. Viscalex HV30 from Allied Colloid Ltd. or a layered silicate (Laponite RD from Laporte).

The clear, transparent, optionally pigmented coatings (C) may be cast or extruded films, provided they have the ductility and strength required for the application. But they can also be made from clearcoats. As clearcoats for the production of clear, transparent Be Coatings (C) are all customary and known one-component (1K), two-component (2K) or multi-component (3K, 4K) clearcoats, powder clearcoats, powder slurry clearcoats or UV-curable clearcoats, provided that coatings (C) prepared therefrom are suitable. in terms of ductility and strength of the specific application. The strength is of particular importance for the handling of the films according to the invention, whereas the extensibility is again important for the deformation steps. The clear, transparent coating (C) is preferably resistant to UV light.

Preferably, the pigments, in particular the pigments and / or effect-giving pigments from the Group consisting of organic and inorganic, colored, optical Effect-giving, electrically conductive, magnetically shielding or fluorescent pigments, metal powders, organic and inorganic, transparent or opaque fillers or nanoparticles, selected.

Examples of suitable effect pigments are metal flake pigments, such as commercial aluminum bronzes, according to DE 36 36 183 A1 chromated aluminum bronzes, and commercial stainless steel bronzes, and non-metallic effect pigments, such as pearlescent or interference pigments, platelet-shaped effect pigments based on iron oxide, which has a hue of pink to brown-red, or liquid-crystalline effect pigments. In addition, Römpp Lexikon Lacke und Druckfarben, Georg Thieme Verlag, 1998, p. 176, »effect pigments« and pages 380 and 381 »metal oxide mica pigments« to »metal pigments«, and the patent applications and patents DE 36 36 156 A1 . DE 37 18 446 A1 . DE 37 19 804 A1 . DE 39 30 601 A1 . EP 0 068 311 A1 . EP 0 264 843 A1 . EP 0 265 820 A1 . EP 0 283 852 A1 . EP 0293 746 A1 . EP 0 417 567 A1 . US 4,828,826 A or US 5,244,649 A directed.

Examples of suitable inorganic colorants Pigments are white pigments like titanium dioxide, zinc white, Zinc sulfide or lithopone; Black pigments such as soot, iron manganese black or spinel black; Colored pigments such as chromium oxide, chromium oxide hydrate green, cobalt green or ultramarine green, cobalt blue, Ultramarine Blue or Manganese Blue, Ultramarine Violet or Cobalt and Manganese violet, iron oxide red, cadmium sulphoselenide, molybdate red or ultramarine; Iron oxide brown, mixed brown, spinel and corundum phases or chrome orange; or iron oxide yellow, nickel titanium yellow, chrome titanium yellow, Cadmium sulfide, cadmium zinc sulfide, chrome yellow or bismuth vanadate.

Examples of suitable organic coloring Pigments are monoazo pigments, bisazo pigments, anthraquinone pigments, Benzimidazole pigments, quinacridone pigments, quinophthalone pigments, Diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments, dioxazine pigments, indanthrone pigments, Isoindoline pigments, isoindolinone pigments, azomethine pigments, thioindigo pigments, Metal complex pigments, perinone pigments, perylene pigments, phthalocyanine pigments or aniline black.

In addition to Römpp lexicon Paints and printing inks, Georg Thieme Verlag, 1998, pages 180 and 181, "iron blue pigments" to "iron oxide black", pages 451-453 "Pigments" to "Pigment Volume Concentration", page 563 »Thioindigo Pigments«, page 567 "Titanium Dioxide Pigments," p 400 and 467, "Naturally occurring Pigments " Page 459 »Polycyclic Pigments " Page 52, "Azomethine Pigments," "Azo Pigments," and page 379, "Metal Complex Pigments."

Examples of fluorescent pigments (Daylight pigments) are bis (azomethine) pigments.

Examples of suitable electrically conductive pigments are titanium dioxide / tin oxide pigments.

Examples of magnetically shielding pigments are pigments based on iron oxides or chromium dioxide.

Examples of suitable metal powders are Powders of metals and metal alloys Aluminum, zinc, copper, Bronze or brass.

Examples of suitable organic and inorganic fillers are chalk, calcium sulfates, barium sulfate, silicates such as talc, Mica or kaolin, silicas, Oxides such as aluminum hydroxide or magnesium hydroxide or organic fillers like plastic powder, in particular of polyamide, polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) or polyacrylonitrile. additional is on Römpp Encyclopedia paints and printing inks, Georg Thieme Verlag, 1998, pages 250 ff., »Fillers«, referenced.

Preferably, mica, talc or nanoparticles applied when the scratch resistance of the paint and / or effect-imparting layers (B) to be improved.

It's also an advantage Mixtures of platelet-shaped inorganic fillers such as talc or mica and non-platelet inorganic fillers such as chalk, dolomite calcium sulfate, or barium sulfate, because this causes the viscosity and the flow behavior the basecoats or topcoats can be adjusted very well.

Examples of suitable transparent fillers are those based on silica, alumina or Zirconia.

Suitable nanoparticles are selected from the group consisting of hydrophilic and hydrophobic, in particular hydrophilic, nanoparticles based on silica, alumina, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide and the polyacids and heteropolyacids of transition metals, preferably of molybdenum and tungsten, having a primary particle size <50 nm, preferably 5 to 50 nm, in particular 10 to 30 nm. Preferably, the nanoparticles have no matting effect. Particular preference is given to nanoparticles used on the basis of silicon dioxide.

Very particular preference is given to using hydrophilic pyrogenic silicon dioxides whose agglomerates and aggregates have a chain-like structure and which can be prepared by the flame hydrolysis of silicon tetrachloride in an oxyhydrogen flame. These are for example marketed by Degussa under the brand name Aerosil ^®. Very particular preference is also precipitated water glasses as nanohectorites which are sold for example by Südchemie branded Optigel® ^® or by Laporte under the brand name Laponite ^® is used.

In special cases, the films of the invention at least two, in particular two, of color and / or effect layers (B) on top of each other lying horizontally, with the upper (n) layers underlying the (n) Layers) partially covered or covered. Preferably, the partial covering pictorially designed. In this way you can not only different colors, but also different ones physical and optical effects, for example, for informational purposes or signal purposes are combined.

over the opaque color and / or effect layer (B) or the clear, transparent Coating (C) may additionally a peelable plastic film (release film) (D) be layered, which, for example, assumes a protective function.

Between carrier film (A) and color and / or Effect layer (B) or (A) and / or (B) and / or clearer, more transparent Coating (C) may comprise a primer layer (HS), for example from an adhesive, be arranged to the interlayer adhesion to improve. It is also possible on the uncoated side of the carrier film (A) an adhesive layer (NS) for to apply the adhesion to the substrate.

The underground (U) can consist of a Any material, for example, from the material from which the substrate to be coated or the molding blank or the measuring table surface measuring table surface, consist.

Overall, the films according to the invention, what gloss, distinctness of image, uniformity of hiding power, uniform layer thickness, resistance across from Fuel, solvent and acids, Hardness, Abrasion resistance, scratch resistance, impact resistance, adhesion, weathering resistance and durability across from Water and moisture affects the so-called "automotive quality".

The films of the invention are very easy roll up well. You can therefore be offered and delivered in the form of rolls without they are damaged, for example by delamination.

The films according to the invention can be used in produced in a variety of ways; preferably they are produced by means of the method according to the invention.

• (1) Trägerfolien (A) auswählt, die einen Farbton haben, der dem Farbton einer gegebenen pigmentierten, deckenden Farb- und/oder Effektschicht (B) ähnlich ist, und
• (2) anschließend den Farbabstand ΔE* zwischen
• (2.1) dem Farbort der gegebenen pigmentierten deckenden Farb- und/oder Effektschicht (B) auf einer unpigmentierten Folie (F) derselben Dicke und aus demselben Material wie die Trägerfolie (A) und einem Untergrund (U) und
• (2.2) dem Farbort der gegebenen pigmentierten deckenden Farb- und/oder Effektschicht (B) auf einer pigmentierten Trägerfolie (A) derselben Dicke und aus demselben Material wie die Folie (F) und demselben Untergrund (U)

bestimmt und mindestens eine, insbesondere eine, Trägerfolie (A), die einen Farbabstand ΔE* ≤ 2, vorzugsweise ≤ 1,5 und insbesondere ≤ 1 bewirkt, zur Herstellung der deckenden, Farb- und/oder Effekt gebenden Folie auswählt.The present invention thus also relates to a process for producing a covering, color and / or effect-imparting film for coating three-dimensional substrates, in which the surface of a pigmented carrier film (A) made of plastic with a thickness of greater than 500 microns with at least one, in particular, a pigmented, opaque color and / or effect layer (B) is coated, wherein the color of the carrier film (A) and the color of the color and / or effect layer (B) are adapted to each other by

• (1) select backing sheets (A) having a hue similar to the hue of a given pigmented hiding color and / or effect layer (B), and
• (2) then the color difference ΔE * between
• (2.1) the color location of the given pigmented opaque color and / or effect layer (B) on an unpigmented film (F) of the same thickness and of the same material as the carrier film (A) and a substrate (U) and
• (2.2) the color location of the given pigmented opaque color and / or effect layer (B) on a pigmented carrier film (A) of the same thickness and of the same material as the film (F) and the same substrate (U)

determines and at least one, in particular one, carrier film (A), which causes a color difference ΔE * ≤ 2, preferably ≤ 1.5 and in particular ≤ 1, for producing the opaque, color and / or effect-giving film selects.

The selection of the pigmentation for colored carrier film (A) is preferably carried out by selecting in the first step colorfully pigmented films (A) whose visual color impressions are similar to the visual color impression of the given covering pigmented color and / or effect layer (B). The color impressions are "similar" when the colors of (A) and (B) have the same brightness in the same quadrant of the CIELAB color wheel (cf. 2 ) or - in the limiting case - are identical.

The selection of the pigmentation for achromatic carrier film (A) is preferably carried out so that in a first step, inked pigmented films (A) selects their visual color impressions the visual color impression of the given opaque pigmented achromatic color and / or effect layer (B) are similar. For example, the color impressions are "similar" if the achromatic colors of (A) and (B) do not have an excessively large brightness distance ΔL * at the smallest possible or nonexistent color difference Δa * and Δb * (cf. 1 ). In most cases, a rapid selection of the pigmented carrier film (A) succeeds when the brightness distance ΔL * ≤ 80, preferably ≤ 70 and in particular ≤ 60.

In the second step it is then checked whether the selected in the first step pigmented carrier foils (A) satisfy the above condition for ΔE * or Not. Those pigmented carrier films (A) that meet this condition do not fulfill, are discarded.

On the uncoated pages the carrier film (A) and / or the color and / or effect layer (B) or the optionally on this, clear, transparent coating (C) can peelable Foils (D) are applied. On the uncoated side the carrier film (A) a primer layer (HS) can be applied. hereupon can then also a peelable film (D) are placed.

Examples of suitable directives Application method for the opaque, color and / or Effect-imparting layers (B) and any clear, transparent coatings (C) are casting, knife coating, rolling or Extrusion coating. these can with usual and known devices, such as casting devices, doctor blade, rollers; especially in opposite directions rotating rollers, or extruders, in particular film extruder.

• (1) kontinuierliche Applikation einer Teilmenge oder der Gesamtmenge mindestens eines Basislacks (B1) mit Hilfe eines gerichteten Applikationsverfahrens auf einen Träger, wobei sich die Applikationsvorrichtung (1) und der Träger in relativer Bewegung zueinander befinden und wodurch ein Teil der Farb- und/oder Effekt gebenden Schicht (B) aufgebaut wird,
• (2) einmalige oder mindestens zweimalige kontinuierliche Applikation der Restmenge des Basislacks (B1) und/oder mindestens eines von dem oder den Basislack(en) (B1) verschiedenen Basislacks (B2) auf die im Verfahrensschritt (1) gebildete Teilschicht (B1) durch mindestens ein Applikationsverfahren (2), das in der resultierenden Teilschicht (B2) keine Anordnung der Pigmente in einer Vorzugsrichtung hervorruft, wobei sich die Applikationsvorrichtung(en) (2) und der Träger in relativer Bewegung zueinander befinden und wodurch die Farb- und/oder Effektschicht (B) weiter oder vollständig aufgebaut wird, und
• (3) Trocknung oder partielle oder vollständige Aushärtung der resultierenden Farb- und/oder Effekt gebenden Schicht (B).

The covering color and / or effect layer (B) is preferably produced from a basecoat or solid-color topcoat, in particular aqueous basecoat

• (1) continuous application of a subset or the total amount of at least one basecoat (B1) by means of a directed application method to a carrier, wherein the application device (1) and the carrier are in relative movement to each other and whereby a part of the color and / or Effect-generating layer (B) is built,
• (2) single or at least two continuous application of the residual amount of the basecoat (B1) and / or at least one basecoat (B2) other than the basecoat (s) (B1) to the partial coat (B1) formed in process step (1) at least one application method (2) which does not cause any arrangement of the pigments in the preferred sub-layer (B2) in a preferred direction, wherein the application device (s) (2) and the carrier are in relative movement and whereby the color and / or Effect layer (B) is further or completely built up, and
• (3) drying or partial or complete curing of the resulting color and / or effect-imparting layer (B).

The procedure is also for the production the clear, transparent, pigmented coating (C).

In process step (1) is preferably the biggest part (B1) of the color and / or effect-imparting layer (B) constructed. D. h. that the formed part-layer (B1) is preferably more than 50%, preferably more than 60%, more preferably more than 65%, especially preferably more than 70% and in particular more than 75% of the dry layer thickness the color and / or effect-giving layer has.

In process step (1) becomes a Subset of the basecoat (B1) applied to a support. Will in the process step (2) applying a base varnish (B2) different from the base varnish (B1), can in process step (1) the total amount of the basecoat (B1) be applied.

The wearer may be temporary or permanent his.

The temporary carriers may be circumferential metal belts or plastic belts or temporary carrier films which may be equipped with an anti-adhesive layer. Examples of suitable temporary carrier films, in particular based on polyester, are from the European patent EP 0 352 298 B1 , Page 7, lines 31 to 49, known. The color and / or Eftektschichten produced thereon (B) and / or the clear, transparent coatings (C) are then peeled off and connected to the selected pigmented carrier films (A).

If a permanent carrier is used, remain the opaque, color and / or effect layers (B) after their Production adherent connected with this. This is it thus already to the carrier film (A). It may be solid or not fully solidified and itself only after the application of the partial layer (B1) or the color and / or Solidify effect layer (B), creating a particularly high interlayer adhesion in composite (A / B) results.

In the method according to the invention becomes after completion of the process step (1) in the process step (2) the residual amount of the basecoat (B1) and / or the basecoat (B1) different base coat (B2) applied to the sub-layer (B1). In method step (2), the residual amount of the basecoat (B1) is preferably applied.

Applying the basecoat (B1) and / or the basecoat (B2) takes place by a single or at least twice continuous application.

If the one-time continuous application is used, the first and only process step will be used (2) the opaque color and / or effect layer (B) completely built up.

Will the at least twice continuous Application applied, carried out in the first process step (2) of further structure of the color and / or effect-giving layer, thereby a composite of carrier, partial layer (B1) and first sub-layer (B2) results. The whole construction then takes place in at least one further process step (2).

In method step (2) preferably applied an application method (2), which in the resulting Partial layer (B2) no arrangement of the pigments described above in a preferred direction, i. H. anisotropy. This Method is therefore used in particular in films according to the invention, which show an isotropic flop behavior and an isotropic color locus should, both independent of Viewing angles are. Especially when using effect pigments, cause the optical effects, and even with electrically conductive, magnetic shielding or fluorescent pigments is the isotropic orientation important.

The process step (2) can or the method steps (2) can immediately after the process step (1), d. H. simultaneously with the method step (1).

According to a second variant of the Method may be the process step (2) or the process steps (2) later in time after the process step according to the invention (1), d. H. sequentially. In this case, the sub-layer (B1) may be dried or partially or completely hardened become. Preferably, the composite of support and sub-layer (B1) is made rolled up on rolls and until the process step (2) stored in this form. It is beneficial to the Partial layer (B1) an anti-adhesive layer, preferably a non-stick film, apply.

Preferably, the sub-layer becomes (B1) between the two process steps (1) and (2).

This is preferably accomplished by that in the simultaneous variant of the method between the application device (1) of the method step (1) and the application device (s) (2) the method step or the method steps (2) a more or less big spatial Distance prevails. The spatial Distance depends on the evaporation behavior of the sub-layer (B1) and therefore can be appreciated by those skilled in the art due to its general expertise possibly adjusted with the aid of simple orienting experiments become.

In the sequential variant of Procedure is the ventilation preferably accomplished by between the process step (1) and the process step (2) or the first process step (2) there is a more or less long time interval. Also the time interval depends on the evaporation behavior of the Partial layer (B1) and can therefore by the skilled person due to its general Expert knowledge possibly with the help of simple orienting experiments be set.

Overall, it is advantageous if the partial layer (B1) has not dried completely after it has been flashed off is, but still a certain residual moisture content and / or organic solvents having.

In process step (2), the Basecoats (B1) and / or (B2) continuously by at least one application method (2) to the partial layer (B1) produced in process step (1) applied. The application method (2) calls in the resulting Partial layer (B2) no arrangement of the pigments described above in a preferred direction, d. H. the pigments are isotropic distributed. In the application are the application device (s) (2) and the carrier with the partial layer (B1) and possibly the first partial layer (B2) in relative motion to each other. The associations of carriers and Partial layer (B1) and possibly the first sub-layer (B2) can under or over, preferably under, the or the application devices (2) in relative movement passed by become.

Application of basecoats (B1) and / or (B2) can be done once, whereby the complete color and / or effect-giving layer results. The order can but also in at least twice, i. in at least two steps (2), wherein in the first sub-step (2) another structure the color and / or effect-emitting layer is carried out in at least a further sub-step (2) is completed.

The application of at least one another sub-layer (B2) can be carried out simultaneously or sequentially. Is it done sequentially, becomes the composite of carrier, Partial layer (B1) and first part layer (B2) for storage until the implementation of the second part step (2) preferably wound on rollers.

Preferably, the application methods (2) Spray application method and the application devices (2) Spray application devices. This may be pneumatic Spraying devices (2) (see Römpp Lexicon Paints and Printing Inks, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, 1998, page 165, "Compressed Air Spraying") or electrostatic Spraying devices (2) (see Römpp Lexicon Paints and Printing Inks, Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, New York, 1998, page 186: "Electrostatic Paint " Page 187: »Electrostatic Spray guns «,» Electrostatic Spraying «).

In the case of simultaneous application of the partial layer (B1) and the partial layer (B2) or the first partial layer (B2), the application device (s) (2) is or are arranged directly behind the application device (s) (1). In the case of the sequential application, the application device (s) (2) is or are preferably components of a further system which comprises the composites of support and partial layer (B1) and, if appropriate, first sub-layer (B2) are preferably supplied in the form of wound rolls.

Regardless of which variant of the procedure will, can or can the application device (s) (2) be arranged stationary. Preferably span they are the associations of carriers and Partial layer (B1) and possibly the first partial layer (B2) in its entirety Width. She can or can be arranged transversely to the direction of movement or obliquely thereto. Of the Angle between the edge of a bond and the main axis of a bond Application device (2) can be blunt to pointed.

Be at least two application devices (2) can they can be arranged one behind the other. They can be parallel or diagonally to each other stand. The at least two application devices (2) can become but also cross over from blunt to acute angles.

Preferably contains a stationary application device (2) at least two devices for the application of basecoats (B1) or (B2), in particular at least two pneumatically or electrostatically operated Spray heads with in each case at least one spray nozzle.

The application device (s) (2) can or can but also across and / or diagonally to the direction of movement of the composites of carrier and sublayer (B1) and If appropriate, the first partial layer (B2) can be arranged to be movable back and forth. Preferably, the movable application devices include (2) at least one device for applying the basecoats (B1) or (B2) in particular at least one pneumatic or electrostatic operated spray head each with at least one spray nozzle.

The stationary and mobile application devices (2) can in the context of the method according to the invention be combined with each other. Besides, they can be vertical be mobile.

With the help of the application devices (2) can the basecoats (B1) and / or (B2) are perpendicular or under a point slanted up to obtuse angle to the plane of the composite of beams and sub-layer (B1) and possibly the first sub-layer (B2) applied become. It can applied in or against the direction of movement of the composite become. In the context of the method according to the invention, these can Measures with each other be combined.

The basecoat spray jets generated by the preferred spray application devices (2) may overlap. Their impact surfaces can overlap partially or completely. The overlap can be achieved, for example, by spraying at least two basecoat spray jets against each other at an acute to obtuse angle. However, overlapping basecoat spray jets may also be produced by means of spray heads containing at least two concave or convex spray nozzles, such as those disclosed in the patent applications and patents DE 195 38 340 A1 , WO 97/14506, US 4,378,386 A or US 5,366,162 A are known.

The isotropy of the partial layers (B2) can in many cases be further improved when the pneumatically generated spray jets - or more precisely: The generated spray clouds - relative for spraying and relative to the sub-layer (B1) into a periodic, i. regularly repeating, Movement be offset.

• – die kreisförmige oder exzentrische Rotation der Sprühstrahlwolke um ihre Fortbewegungsrichtung, wodurch eine spiralförmige Fortbewegung des Lackmaterials resultiert,
• – die wellenförmige Fortbewegung des Lackmaterials, beispielsweise in Form einer Sinuswelle, oder
• – die pulsierende Fortbewegung des Lackmaterials, bei der in der Sprühstrahlwolke, in Sprührichtung gesehen, lackmaterialreiche Bereiche und lackmaterialarme Bereiche periodisch abwechseln.

In this case, any periodic movements of the spray jet cloud come into consideration. Examples of well suited periodic movements are

• The circular or eccentric rotation of the spray cloud around its direction of travel, resulting in a spiraling of the paint material,
• - The wavy movement of the paint material, for example in the form of a sine wave, or
• - The pulsating locomotion of the paint material, in the spray jet cloud, seen in the direction of spraying, paint material rich areas and low-paint areas alternate periodically.

These periodic movements can be in can be combined with each other in any way, so that at least overlay two of them.

To these periodic movements to produce the usual and known devices for the compressed air spraying, in particular the spray guns in a suitable manner modified by equipping them with movable spray nozzles. So preferably rotating spray nozzles, spray nozzles, the in spraying direction periodically move forward and backward, or spray nozzles in eccentric discs, used. For purposes of overlay of forms of movement Design principles combined with each other in a suitable manner become. For example, you can rotating spray nozzles so stored that they can also be periodically moved back and forth. The Design of these spray guns points no particularities, but it will be the design principles, materials and measurement and control techniques applied as they are in the field moving spray nozzles usual and are known.

The frequency, the speed and / or the spatial Extension or deflection of the periodic motion that takes place locomotive spray cloud superimposed according to the invention, can vary very widely and depends on the requirements of the individual case. The person skilled in the art can choose the optimal conditions if necessary determine on the basis of simple preliminary tests.

By the method step or the method steps (2), the color and / or effect layer (B) is completely built up. Their wet film thickness can vary widely and depends in particular on the Tro layer thickness, which ensures sufficient hiding power of the color and / or effect layer (B) in the film according to the invention. The person skilled in the art can therefore determine the suitable wet layer thickness on a case-by-case basis, if appropriate with the aid of simple preliminary tests, on the basis of his general technical knowledge.

The opaque color and / or effect layer (B) will follow dried or partially or fully cured. Preferably, it will dried. For drying can usual and known methods, such as irradiation with IR or microwave radiation or the treatment with hot air in countercurrent.

With this method can be also possibly existing clear, transparent, not opaque pigmented Apply coatings (C) to the foils. This is also without Drying of the previous layer (B) by application of the wet-on-wet process possible.

After drying, the resulting films of the invention be wound up on rolls until further use.

Were the opaque color and / or Effect layer (B) and possibly the clear, transparent, possibly not opaque pigmented coating (C) is, is or will be generated on a temporary support they are detached from this and adherent to the carrier (A) connected.

In a further embodiment The present invention exclusively plastic films applied to the substrate to be coated. This takes over the carrier film (A) the function of a self-supporting layer. The color and / or Effect layer (B) is also used here in film form. Even the clear transparent coating (C) is a foil Plastic. this leads to to the decisive advantage that in the production of the films of the invention hardly any solvents be emitted. Preferably, the films of the invention this type produced by coextrusion.

The films of the invention are excellent for the production of decorative and / or protective coatings of Means of transport, including aircraft, ships, rolling stock, muscular powered vehicles and motor vehicles, and parts hereof, buildings in the interior and exterior and parts thereof, doors, Windows and furniture as well as in the context of the industrial coating of glass hollow bodies, coils, Containers, packaging, industrial small parts, such as nuts, screws or hubcaps, optical components, electrotechnical components, like winding goods, including coils and stators and rotors for electric motors, mechanical Components and components for white Goods, including household appliances, Boilers and radiators, suitable.

In particular, the films of the invention are used the coating of three-dimensional components, in particular Attachments for the production of automobile bodies. That's why preferably for automobile bodies suitable paints for the production of the opaque color and / or effect layer (B) and if necessary, the clear, transparent, possibly not opaque pigmented Coating (C) used, however, those for the purposes of the invention required flexibility must have.

• – die planare erfindungsgemäße Folie auf ein geeignetes planares Substrat aufgebracht werden, wonach der resultierende Verbund beispielsweise durch Tiefziehen geformt wird;
• – die erfindungsgemäße Folie nach ihrer entsprechenden Formung auf ein dreidimensional geformtes Substrat aufgebracht werden;
• – das dreidimensional geformte Substrat mit der unverformten, d.h. planaren, erfindungsgemäßen Folie verbunden werden, wobei die Folie auf dem Substrat entsprechend geformt wird; oder
• – die planare erfindungsgemäße Folie in geeigneter Weise, beispielsweise durch Hinterspritzen, Hinterschäumen oder Hinterpressen mit thermoplastischen Kunststoffen, geformt werden;

wodurch die erfindungsgemäßen Bauteile resultieren.For the production of the components can

• The planar film according to the invention is applied to a suitable planar substrate, after which the resulting composite is formed by deep drawing, for example;
• - The film of the invention are applied after their appropriate shaping on a three-dimensionally shaped substrate;
• - The three-dimensionally shaped substrate are connected to the undeformed, ie planar, inventive film, wherein the film is formed on the substrate accordingly; or
• - The planar film according to the invention in a suitable manner, for example by injection molding, back-foaming or rear-pressing with thermoplastics molded;

whereby the components according to the invention result.

Depending on the application, too Combinations of these approaches possible. Also, the application of this Procedure only for individual layers, e.g. (A) or (B) or optionally (C), or groups of Layers, e.g. (A) and (B) or (A) and (C), the films of the invention is possible.

Here, conventional methods and devices, such as those from the US patents US 4,810,540 A . US 4,931,324 A or US 5,114,789 A or the European patents EP 0 266 109 B1 . EP 0 285 071 B 1 . EP 0 352 298 B1 or EP 0 449 982 B1 are known to be used.

The components according to the invention, in particular the attachments for automobile bodies, are characterized by a very high resistance to stone chipping and corrosion. Further advantages of the components according to the invention are that they can be produced on systems with a small space requirement that in the production of the coated bodies according to the invention by the use of the films of the invention - if any - only very small amounts of organic solvents are emitted and that the quality control already in the production of the films of the invention can use. On the other hand, in the conventional painting of substrates, the quality of the coating only after Application of the paint layers are assessed on the substrate, so that in the case of quality defects, the painted substrate must be discarded as a whole.

• – ihres hohen Deckvermögens auch in den verstreckten Bereichen und
• – ihres sonstigen hervorragenden anwendungstechnischen Eigenschaftsprofils, das in Glanz, Abbildungsunterscheidbarkeit, Einheitlichkeit des Deckvermögens, gleichmäßige Schichtdicke, Beständigkeit gegenüber Treibstoff, Lösemittel und Säuren, Härte, Abriebfestigkeit, Kratzfestigkeit, Schlagzähigkeit, Haftfestigkeit, Witterungsbeständigkeit und Beständigkeit gegenüber Wasser und Feuchtigkeit die sogenannte »Automobilqualität« aufweist,

hervorragend als Ersatz für die herkömmliche Farb- und/oder Effekt gebende, mehrschichtige Basislackierung/Klarlackierung insbesondere von Kraftfahrzeugkarosserien und Teilen hiervon.Overall, they are suitable because of the films of the invention

• - their high opacity also in the stretched areas and
• - their other excellent performance characteristics, which include gloss, distinctness of image, uniformity of hiding power, uniform layer thickness, resistance to fuel, solvents and acids, hardness, abrasion resistance, scratch resistance, impact strength, adhesion, weathering resistance and resistance to water and humidity the so-called "automotive quality" having,

excellent as a replacement for the conventional color and / or effect-giving, multi-layer basecoat / clearcoat especially of motor vehicle bodies and parts thereof.

In addition, that is a problem isotropic flop behavior and an isotropic color locus, both independent of Viewing angles are, can be adjusted, so that during processing the films of the invention to coatings for three-dimensional substrates no logistical problems and none high blending volumes occur more.

1. Production and Surveying of carrier foils (A)

A thermoplastic polymer from an ASA (acrylonitrile / styrene / acrylic ester polymer) / PC (polycarbonate) blend of the type LURAN S KR2861 C was on an extruder with commercial Pigments (white and black pigment) for the plastic processing gray and black colored and granulated. The black and gray granules were extruded and slot dies to 800 μm thick black and gray carrier foils (A) extruded.

Furthermore, a film of the same Extruded polymer without pigmentation for comparison (= carrier film F).

The black and gray carrier foils (A) were measured colorimetrically on a background (U) (= measuring table surface) in accordance with the specifications of CIELAB (illuminant D 65, illuminance 1000 Ix, ambient medium gray (L * = 50), sample size> 4 ° visual field angle , Sample placement edge to edge and ΔE range of <5). The colorimetric data obtained are shown in Table 1. In each case the measurements were made at 15 °, 25 °, 45 ° and 75 ° deviation from gloss (= 45 ° reflection). Table 1: Colorimetric data of the carrier films (A) on the substrate (U)

The variation of the underground (U) had no color changes as a result, which was proven experimentally by colorimetric measurements could be.

2. Coating of the carrier films (A) and the substrate (U) with an opaque pigmented silver Effect layer (B)

On the carrier films (A) and (F), a water-based paint pigmented with effect aluminum flakes was aufgerakelt in a wet film thickness of 80 microns. The resulting lacquer layers (B) were flashed off at room temperature for 10 minutes and dried at 80 ° C. for 15 minutes. This resulted in effect layers (B) of 10 - 15 microns thickness. Such a thickness is present when films of (A) and (B) and (F) and (B) containing the effect layer (B) in a thickness of 25-30 μm are stretched 100%. Whereas with a thickness of the effect layer (B) of 25-30 μm, the colors of (A) and (F) do not or only very slightly visually influence the color of the effect layer (B), which could be demonstrated experimentally by colorimetric measurements This influence is very strong at a thickness of the effect layer (B) of 10 - 15 microns. The resulting films (Aschwarz / B), (Agrau / B) and (F / B) were measured by colorimetry analogous to the above procedure on the substrate (U). The obtained colorimetric data are listed in Table 2. Table 2: Colorimetric data of the films (A / B) and (F / B) on the substrate (U)

The brightness distance ΔL * between the effect layer (B) on (F) and (U) on the one hand and the black support film (A) at (U) was at 15 ° 104.9; the brightness distance ΔL * between the effect layer (B) on (F) and (U) on the one hand and the gray carrier foil (A) on (U), on the other hand, was only 59.6 at 15 °. The gray carrier foil (A) thus had a color more similar to the color of the effect layer (B) was as the color of the black carrier sheet (A).

• – zwischen dem Farbort der Effektschicht (B) auf der Trägerfolie (F) und dem Untergrund (U) einerseits und dem Farbort der Effektschicht (B) auf der grauen Trägerfolie (A) andererseits (= F/B versus A_grau/B) und
• – zwischen dem Farbort der Effektschicht (B) auf der Trägerfolie (F) und dem Untergrund (U) einerseits und dem Farbort der Effektschicht (B) auf der schwarzen Trägerfolie (A) andererseits (= F/B versus A_schwarz/B)

wurden aus den Werten der Tabelle 2 mit Hilfe der CIELAB-Formel

errechnet. Die errechneten Werte finden sich in der Tabelle 3. Tabelle 3: ΔE^* zwischen (F/B) und A_grau/B) sowie zwischen (F/B) und (Aschwarz/B)

The differences ΔE *

• Between the color locus of the effect layer (B) on the carrier film (F) and the substrate (U) on the one hand and the color point of the effect layer (B) on the gray carrier film (A) on the other hand (= F / B versus A _gray / B) and
• Between the color locus of the effect layer (B) on the carrier film (F) and the substrate (U) on the one hand and the color locus of the effect layer (B) on the black carrier film (A) on the other hand (= F / B versus A _black / B)

were calculated from the values of Table 2 using the CIELAB formula

calculated. The calculated values can be found in Table 3. Table 3: ΔE ^* between (F / B) and A _gray / B) and between (F / B) and (Ablack / B)

The black carrier film (A) was not considered for use in conjunction with the effect layer (B); the visually perceived difference in color tones of effect layers (B) was too high. The gray carrier film (A), however, was ideal for this purpose.

It was therefore a film consisting from the gray carrier foil (A) and the effect layer (B) of a dry film thickness of 25 - 30 microns after prepared above; while the silver was Waterborne basecoat with a wet layer thickness of 165 μm. Even when stretching the film by more than 100% remained the silver Color received. The film was therefore for the production of coatings of attachments for Automotive bodies of the upper class suitable.

For comparison, a film consisting from the black carrier foil (A) and the effect layer (B) of a dry film thickness of 25 - 30 microns after prepared above; while the silver was Waterborne basecoat with a wet layer thickness of 165 μm. Even when the film was stretched by 100%, the color changed to one Dirty gray, do not use the film as a coating for three-dimensional Substrates came into consideration.

Claims (18)

Covering, color and / or effect-giving film, in which (A) the film is a pigmented carrier film (A) made of plastic having a thickness of greater than 500 microns; (B) on the carrier film applied at least one pigmented, opaque color and / or effect layer is and where the color of the carrier film (A) and the color of the color and / or effect layer (B) each other are adjusted. Foil according to claim 1, characterized in that the pigmentation of the carrier film (A) so selected is that the color difference ΔE * between - the Color location of a given pigmented, opaque color and / or effect layer (B) on an unpigmented film (F) of the same thickness and of the same material as the carrier film (A) and a background (U) and - the color location of the given pigmented, opaque color and / or Effect layer (B) on a pigmented carrier film (A) of the same thickness and of the same material as the film (F) and the same background (U) ≤ 2. Foil according to claim 2, characterized in that the color difference ΔE * ≤ 1.5. Foil according to claim 3, characterized in that the color difference ΔE * ≤ 1. Film according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized that the colors of the carrier film (A) and the pigmented, opaque color and / or effect layer (B) more similar are. Foil according to claim 5, characterized in that the colors of the colorful carrier foil (A) and the pigmented, opaque color and / or effect layer (B) at the same brightness in the same quadrant of the CIELAB color wheel fall. Foil according to claim 5, characterized in that the colors of the achromatic backing film (A) and the pigmented, opaque color and / or effect layer (B) if possible small color difference Δa * and Δb * not too big Brightness distance ΔL * respectively. A film according to claim 7, characterized in that the brightness distance ΔL * ≤ 80. A film according to claim 7, characterized in that the brightness distance ΔL * ≤ 70. A film according to claim 7, characterized in that the brightness distance ΔL * ≤ 70. A film according to claim 9, characterized in that the brightness distance ΔL * ≤ 60. Film according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized that the carrier film 500 to 1,500 μm is thick. Film according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized that the pigmented, opaque color and / or effect layer (B) covered with a clear, transparent coating (C). Film according to claim 12, characterized in that that the clear, transparent coating (C) does not opaque pigment where the color of (C) matches the colors of (A) and (B) is. Process for the preparation of a covering, color and / or effect-giving film according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the surface of a pigmented carrier film (A) made of plastic with a thickness of greater than 500 microns with at least one covering Color and / or effect layer (B) is coated, wherein the color the carrier film (A) and the color of the color and / or effect layer (B) to each other be adjusted by (1) select carrier sheets (A) which have a hue that is pigmented to the hue of a given opaque color and / or effect layer (B) is similar, and (2) then the Color difference ΔE * between (2.1) the color location of the given pigmented opaque Color and / or effect layer (B) on an unpigmented film (F) of the same thickness and of the same material as the carrier film (A) and a background (U) and (2.2) the color locus of the given pigmented opaque color and / or Effect layer (B) on a pigmented carrier film (A) of the same thickness and of the same material as the film (F) and the same substrate (U) determines and at least one, in particular one, carrier film (A), which causes a color difference ΔE * ≤ 2, preferably ≤ 1.5 and in particular ≤ 1, to produce the opaque, color and / or effect-giving film selects. Use of opaque, color and / or effect giving a film according to a the claims 1 to 13 or produced by the method according to claim 14 covering, color and / or effect-giving film for coating three-dimensional substrates. Use according to claim 15, characterized that the opaque, color and / or effect-giving film for the production of decorative and / or protective Coating of means of transport, including aircraft, ships, Rail vehicles, powered vehicles and motor vehicles, and parts thereof, indoor and outdoor structures and parts thereof, doors, Windows and furniture as well as in the context of the industrial coating of glass hollow bodies, coils, Containers, packaging, industrial small parts, such as nuts, screws or hubcaps, optical components, electrotechnical components, like winding goods, including coils and stators and rotors for electric motors, mechanical Components and components for white Goods, including household appliances, Boilers and radiators, is used. Use according to claim 16, characterized that the opaque, color and / or effect-giving film of the coating of three-dimensional attachments for the production of automobile bodies serves.