DE10300676A1 - Identification method for authorization of a user by analysis of the forces, torques and or movements applied by the user in 3D space to activate or operate an object such as a vehicle or building door or computer keyboard - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for capturing the activation of a multidimensional input device that has an operating part to which a force or torque is applied to cause its activation, e.g. door opening, computer keyboard operation, vehicle door opening. The method has the following steps: time resolved recording and storage of the force, torques or movements applied to or of a moving activation element relative to a base element and evaluation of the recorded values by comparison with stored values for the same action previously undertaken by a user. An Independent claim is made for use of a multi-dimensional input unit for analysis of the movements and or forces and torques applied to an activation element. Once the forces, torques or movements are input by the input unit they are recorded and analyzed.

Description

The present invention relates refer to a method of configuring a multidimensional Input device, for example a force / moment sensor. The invention relates continues to refer to a method of identifying a user of the aforementioned device as well as on the device mentioned.

Multidimensional input devices, for example in the form of force / moment sensors can be used as input devices for computers, for electronic or electronical devices (Robots etc.). Also in the area of vehicle operation become such input devices used.

Usually assign these devices a control panel on that opposite a basic element can be deflected. When initiating a Force and / or a torque, for example, by a user through the input device corresponding output signals are provided.

An example of the use of such input devices is the under the term CAD (abbreviation computer-aided design known for "Computer Aided Design" or "Computer Aided Drawing". Usually The term CAD is mainly used in connection with the solving of geometrical designs Tasks in the design phases of designing and finishing needed.

But beyond that in newer ones Time also increasing additional functions integrated in CAD systems. It is about for example the integration of design and calculation, development of knowledge-based systems to support designing and Elaborate upstream design phase or design the preparation of data.

For example, multidimensional input devices can be characterized by six degrees of freedom, three translational (x, y, z) and three rotary (φ _x , φ _y , φ _z ). When detecting forces and torques, there are corresponding deflections x, y, z and φ _x , φ _y , φ _{z of} the control panel. Additional degrees of freedom can be added almost arbitrarily by turning wheels, switches etc.

In 1 is a schematic cross section through an embodiment of such an input device 1 shown. 1 shows the state of the art for illustration. The control panel is recognized 2 that with the basic element 4 by tension / compression springs 3 is resiliently connected. The control panel 2 can against the basic element 4 be deflected.

Photo sensors are used to detect a deflection of the control panel 6 and light sources 7 that irradiate the photo sensors, as well as with the control panel 2 firmly connected slit screens 8th , which are arranged in the area of the light beams. In the event of deflection, the light beam is moved by moving the slit diaphragms 8th influences and in this way the voltage value of the corresponding photo sensors 6 changed.

A microprocessor 9 at the bottom of the basic element 4 is used to determine the deflection of the control panel 2 based on the measured voltage values.

An example of such a force / torque sensor that works on this principle is from the German patent DE 36 11 337 A1 known. This known sensor has a plastic ball in which an optoelectronic arrangement for simultaneously entering a total of six degrees of freedom is accommodated. Each of at least six light-emitting units (for example light-emitting diodes), which are arranged at equal angular distances from one another in a plane, is connected upstream of a fixed slit diaphragm. The light-emitting diodes are provided with respect to a position-sensitive detector aligned with its detector axis perpendicular to the slot direction of the respectively assigned slot diaphragm in such a way that the light-emitting devices with the assigned slot diaphragms and the position-sensitive detectors can be moved relative to one another.

The light-emitting device individually assigned to each detector The device is controlled by means of control electronics, which is the sum of the two in the associated position sensitive Flowing detector streams constant on one for all six systems hold the same value and the radiation intensity of the light-emitting Facilities regulates.

A combination of a light-emitting device, a permanently assigned slit diaphragm and a position-sensitive detector (photosensor) is therefore provided for each degree of freedom, the position-sensitive detector, as seen from the light-emitting device, being located behind the slit diaphragm and aligned with its detector axis perpendicular to the slit diaphragm. The slit diaphragm and the position-sensitive detector can be moved with respect to one another in a spring-elastic manner. A corresponding arrangement of the various combinations of light emitting diode / slit diaphragm / detector can detect any spatial displacement and twisting, independently of one another. The spatial shift is expressed by a translation in the x, y and / or z direction, whereas rotations are noted as rotations in the φ _x , φ _y and / or φ _z direction.

From the DE 199 52 560 A1 An arrangement and a method for adjusting a seat is known, in which or in which a multifunctional input device with a force-moment sensor is used. When operating the arrangement, a pressure pulse ("quick tip") is generated in one of the areas of the user interface of the input device by the user Force-moment sensor is recorded and converted into a force-moment vector pair. This is checked to determine whether certain characteristic impulses are met. When they are fulfilled, the seat or seat part assigned to this area on the user interface of the input device is then switched to an activation state. The characteristic impulses are fixed by the manufacturer. The behavior of the user has no influence on this. The same also applies to input devices that come from the EP 979 990 A1 or DE 199 37 307 A1 are known.

Difficulties can arise with the aforementioned method occur because the user must be able to use the to carry out the characteristic impulse specified by the manufacturer. He must learn this sequence of movements beforehand, so to speak, and become familiar with it Behavior of the device to adjust. This goes without saying a basic one Problem and not limited to the above application.

The invention is based, which applications of a multi-dimensional input device described above. In particular, the aforementioned difficulty should be overcome by first evaluated the behavior of the human or mechanical user is going to the device to configure accordingly.

This task is carried out in the independent claims mentioned method solved. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are specified in the subclaims.

According to the invention, a multi-dimensional input device configured, which has a control panel, which by introduction of forces and / or (Torque) moments a basic element can be deflected.

The method has the following Steps on: First in a first step a) the control panel is moved or deflected. This deflection is recorded in a temporally resolved manner. The temporal resolution can be realized in the form of discrete points in time or continuously his.

The period in which the displacement is recorded, for example, can either be predetermined be, or by a characteristic in the movement of the control panel be ended. For example, this period can be ended once the control panel for unchanged for a second remains in a zero position.

In a next step b) temporally resolved Record of the deflection (s) evaluated to make them characteristic Parameters of the deflection (s) or the movement sequence of the control panel to determine or win or derive.

In a third step c) finally this characteristic parameters thus obtained, which are, so to speak, a "signature" of the one causing the deflection Represent actuator (for example, a human user), saved.

It is particularly advantageous if step a) is repeated several times. The actuator (user) prompted with each repetition of the movement in one for him typical way to repeat.

Of course it will to more or less minimal differences between the individual repeated movements come. If multiple repetitions are used, these differences can be recorded be and the information about These differences can then be determined when determining the biometric Signature considered become.

The more often step a) is repeated becomes, the more precise are the information about the expected differences between the repetitions (can be seen from signs of fatigue of the Actuator from). For example three to five Repetitions can be used.

When choosing the number of repetitions also the duration of the operation or more precisely to consider the significance of the movement. The longer the activity or the more significant or complex, that is to say "typical", the sequence of movements, the fewer repetitions are needed to create a typical pattern of the movement as (in the case of a human user get biometric) signature. The repetitions are natural (at least partially) in step b) to evaluate in the following useful to be.

For the values in step a) can be recorded, for example, the absolute values the deflections of the control unit relative to the basic element during the Operating phase (s) act. These values are comparatively easy to obtain.

The evaluation in step b) recorded values to determine characteristic parameters can, for example, by calculating the space curve and / or the Keypad speeds during operation (s) respectively. A calculation of the forces and / or moments (torques), the while the actuation (s) acted on the control panel can serve this purpose. Also one Combination of the above options is suitable.

As already mentioned above, it when repeating the typical movement sequence of actuating the Control elements come to a difference by a user. Around to take this into account when labeling the biometric signature, can the characteristic parameters advantageously with a corresponding Tolerance. It is in this sense so a "maximum expected deviation "from an average.

When using multiple repetitions in Step a) can advantageously take the tolerance into account of the evaluated repetitions. For example the deviations of the characteristic parameters between the individual Repetitions are comparatively large, so is the tolerance to choose accordingly large.

Also in the case of a time-dependent tolerance multiple repetitions are advantageous when defining the tolerance values to consider.

If, for example, a value of the characteristic parameter deviates only comparatively little from the mean value (over all evaluated repetitions) at this point in time at a certain point in time t ₁ (counted from the start point of actuation), the tolerance for this point in time t ₁ be chosen comparatively small. For another point in time t ₂ , at which the deviations of the characteristic parameter from the mean value are greater, the tolerance is then to be chosen accordingly.

This connection shown can also be expressed using the variance that is known a measure of the deviation from represents an average. So the variance and tolerance can advantageous together with or as part of the characteristic Parameters are saved.

The term "(biometric) signature" implicitly expresses from that it's a for is an actuator (user) typical indication. Therefore, it is necessary, that the biometric signature, for example, is significant information contains. Accordingly, the sequence of movements must differ significantly from a "random sequence of movements". The The significance of the biometric signature must accordingly be within of a certain significance range lie.

To meet this criterion, a significance test can therefore advantageously be carried out before the characteristic ones Parameters saved as a biometric signature of a user become. For example such a test dictate that a deflection of the control panel to a certain, predetermined extent from a linear displacement must deviate - at least within a certain time interval during the actuation period. However, are for this many other methods known from mathematics can also be used.

According to a further aspect of the invention, a user of a multidimensional input device can be identified as follows:
First, in a first step i) the user to be identified actuates the control unit of the input device and this deflection is recorded.

In a subsequent step ii) this record is evaluated to determine characteristic parameters to determine the deflection.

In a next step iii) the characteristic parameters obtained in this way with previously stored characteristic parameters compared in the form of signatures, obtained and stored by a method as described above have been.

It is advantageous if there is agreement the characteristic parameters obtained by step ii) the identification of the user of a stored signature, to which this signature is assigned is indicated by a signal.

This is also advantageous Signal a process can be triggered. For example, if there is a match open a door or access to a computer network is released for the user become. As a further example, the system access can match be released to operate a vehicle.

Associated with this, e.g. also certain pre-stored user preferences (e.g. seat, steering wheel, Belt and rearview mirror settings) automatically cause according to the recognized user.

Authentication of a mechanical or biological actuator can be both active and passive. With active authentication there is a deliberate deflection of the control unit relative to the basic element (or vice versa) accordingly the previously stored signature. In contrast, there is passive authentication unconsciously. For example, can do this by walking and accordingly more individually Load on a step mat, the underside of which is a sensor system according to the invention having. Authentication can thus take place without the actuator deliberately follows a defined movement pattern. The Rather, authentication takes place on the basis of the actuator's own motor movement characteristics. Passive authentication can thus also take place, for example, by the user focusing on a sensor seat.

It is also advantageous if the control panel opposite the base element can be deflected in a spring-elastic manner from a zero position after the end of an operation, the starting or zero position.

The deflection of the control panel against the Basic element can be done, for example, with the help of a photo sensor, in one position of the control element, for example the zero position, is struck by a beam of light. When the control element moves the light beam is then influenced and a voltage value, the the photosensor delivers changed in this way. By recording the voltage value can then deduce a deflection become.

Further features, advantages and properties will now be described with reference to a detailed description of an exemplary embodiment will be explained with reference to the figures of the accompanying drawings. Show it

1 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional representation of an input device according to the prior art,

2 a schematically simplified representation of a space curve of a control unit against a basic element of an input device, and

3 a process description for the generation and use of a (for example, biometric) signature according to the invention.

It should be noted in advance that the present invention generally relates to the analysis of movements and / or forces and moments using a multidimensional electronic input device equipment refers. The forces / moments can do it of mechanical or biological actuators (e.g. humans) active and / or initiated passively. The resulting movements of the input device are recorded (possibly already analyzed) and optionally after the time-resolved recording analyzed again.

An input device is thus used for the first time for recording multi-dimensional movements or temporally resolved Force / torque vectors.

The analysis of the movement or forces / moments can be done from different points of view, for example are mentioned:

• - authentication an actuator by comparison with previously stored motion signatures,
• - diagnosis biological or mechanical movement behavior or disorders thereof, Etc.

Therefore, the following is the term "user" as an example for one Actuator to understand the consciously or unconsciously forces / moments on an input device exercise can.

According to the exemplary embodiment, the input device has six degrees of freedom: three translational and three rotary. The control unit is bpsw compared to a basic element. can be deflected spring-elastic, as is also the case in principle 1 is shown.

In 2 an example of a spatial curve of the relative movement is shown schematically, which the operating part executes relative to the basic element when actuated in step a) of the method according to the invention.

In 2 the three axes are shown in the x, y and z directions. The zero position of the control unit is with the letter O in the middle of the cuboid spanned by the axis sections 10 to recognize.

From the zero position O, the space curve begins in the direction of the arrow from the start of the actuation at a time point t _A 11 to form, reached at time t _1, the position P, at time t _2, the position Q and ends at time t _E again in the zero position O.

In addition to the three translational deflections in the x, y and z directions, the deflection is generally also rotated in every position, this rotatory deflection generally having a φ _x , φ _y , and φ _z component, as is the case with this in 2 through the little arrows 12 for the position Q is indicated.

3 explains the basic sequence when generating a biometric signature, for example, and when identifying a user with the aid of a biometric signature according to this exemplary embodiment.

Step a), in 2 is the corresponding box with the reference symbol 100 characterized in which a signature, more precisely, a movement signature is stored.

For this purpose, the signature is entered several times by an actuator. As mentioned, the space curve has six degrees of freedom (6DOF stands for English: 6 Degrees Of Freedom). It can be formed, for example, by a schematic representation of the initials of a human user, or can be constructed in a similarly complex manner.

The multiple entry represents, so to speak for the input device and the related ones Processor represents a "training".

In a second step b), in 2 through the box 200 With each repetition, the space curve is recorded in the form of the absolute values of the time-resolved deflections. The speed is calculated from these values by forming the first derivative over time and the acceleration by forming the second derivative after time. These values then represent at least part of the "characteristic parameters" for the user.

It also calculates the variance that arises between the individual repetitions or "training inputs" and the characteristic ones Parameters added. Leaves from the variances derive a "tolerance" that the Indicates the range in which the characteristic parameters must lie in order to as matching to be recognizable with the relevant signature.

The characteristic formed in this way So to speak, parameters represent a typical "profile" for the user.

In a third step c), in 3 through the diamond-shaped box 300 marked, it is checked whether the characteristic parameters are significant. Different significance tests are possible for this. For example, as a criterion for sufficient significance, it may be required that the space curve deviate from a linear deflection to a certain, predetermined extent during a specific time interval, for example during the first second of actuation of the operating element.

If the significance test shows that the ge If the desired significance is not reached, the procedure must or can be repeated from the beginning, as in 3 by the no arrow 400 indicated.

The significance test is successful passed, the characteristic parameters are called biometric Signature for saved the user and the input device with the associated processor is done with regard to this biometric signature of the user configured.

The input device configured in this way can be used for identification or also authentication of a user can be used. To actuated first in step i) the user to be identified the input device and this Input is recorded again. In a second step ii) are then from this input - like described above under step b) - the characteristic parameters calculated.

Finally, in a third step iii) below, these calculated characteristic parameters are compared with stored biometric signatures. This is in 3 in the box 500 shown.

Since a perfect repetition cannot be expected when a user actuates the control panel, the characteristic parameters or the profile, as mentioned above, are provided with a variance or a tolerance. When comparing 500 The profile of a currently entered operation with a stored signature is therefore checked whether the values are within a certain tolerance range. This is in box 500 marked with the term similarity measure.

Is the result 600 of comparison 500 negative, the user can in principle actuate the control unit again, as indicated by the no arrow 700 is indicated.

If there is a match, a process can be triggered. According to the exemplary embodiment described here, system access is enabled 800 , Examples of this are in the box 800 given: System access can be through a door opening or through access to a computer or to a specific computer network or the like. It is also possible, for example, to regulate the commissioning of a vehicle in a secure manner.

Let the advantages of the invention can be summarized as follows:

• - On for one User typical movement sequence when operating an input device is from "learned" the input device. The user must therefore do not look at the device adapt and in particular not learn a given movement profile.
• - On the other hand movement sequences define that for a user - like a fingerprint
• - typical and are called "biometric Signature "serve can.
• - With With the help of the biometric signature, a user of a corresponding Input device identified become. The biometric signature can therefore be used as a "key" or "password".
• - The Invention can be made using existing multidimensional Input Devices, for example from the CAD area.

1

input device

2

control panel

3

feathers

4

basic element

6

Photo sensors

7

light sources

8th

slit diaphragms

9

microprocessor

10

of the intercept of cuboids

11

beginning the space curve

12

rotational components

100

chronologically resolved Record a deflection of the

keypad

200

detection the characteristic parameters

300

Review of the significance

400

No-Step if not fulfilled significance

500

comparison a profile with a saved one

User-signature?

600

comparison result

700

No arrow if they do not match

800

release a system access

Claims (19)

Method for detecting the actuation of a multidimensional input device, which has an operating part which can be deflected relative to a basic element by introducing forces and / or moments, characterized by the following steps: a) recording and storing, in a time-resolved manner, introduction of forces and / or moments caused by a user relative displacement of the control unit with respect to the basic element of the input device ( 100 ), and b.) Evaluation of the temporally resolved recording of the deflection to determine characteristic parameters of the deflection ( 200 ). A method according to claim 1, characterized by the further step of - storing the characteristic parameters as a biometric Sig nature of the actuator causing the deflection. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that that the forces and / or moments by a mechanical and / or biological actuator be initiated. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that the forces / moments be initiated actively or passively. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that step a) ( 100 ) is repeated several times, and in step b) ( 200 ) the recordings of the repetitions are at least partially evaluated. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in step a) ( 100 ) Values are recorded ( 100 ), which represent the absolute values of the deflections of the control unit in relation to the basic element during the actuation or the actuations. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that the characteristic parameters are the space curves and / or the speeds of the control panel during actuation respectively of the operations are / mark. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in step b) ( 200 ) the characteristic parameters are given a tolerance. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that when using several repetitions of the actuation of the input device in step a) ( 100 ) the tolerance is formed depending on the parameters of the recordings. A method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the tolerance is either constant over time or a temporal dependence having. Method according to one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that when using several repetitions of the actuation of the input device in step a) ( 100 ) the greater the tolerance for a certain point in time during actuation, the greater the variance of the recorded values for this point in time. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the characteristic parameters are only stored as a signature if the significance of the recorded values lies within a predetermined range ( 300 ). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that the control panel relative to the basic element from a zero position is deflected out. Method for identifying an actuator of a multidimensional input device, which has an operating part that can be moved relative to a basic element by introducing forces and / or moments, comprising the following steps: i) recording, in a time-resolved manner, a relative deflection caused by an actuator / user to be identified of the control unit of the input device with respect to the basic element, ii) evaluation of the time-resolved recording of the deflection to determine characteristic parameters of the deflection, and iii) comparison ( 500 . 600 ) the characteristic parameters determined in this way with characteristic parameters of previously stored signatures. A method according to claim 14, characterized in that in agreement of the determined characteristic parameters with the characteristic Parameters of a previously determined signature within a tolerance range a signal is generated that identifies that of the corresponding Displays signature associated actuator. Method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that an operation ( 800 ) is triggered. Method according to one of claims 14 to 16, characterized in that that the control panel opposite the base element can be deflected from a zero position. Multidimensional input device, which has a control unit, by the introduction of forces and / or Moments can be moved relative to a basic element, the input device being functional is connected to a processor which is used to carry out a method according to one of the claims 1 to 17 is programmed. Use of a multidimensional input device for analysis of movements and / or forces and moments, the forces and / or moments are introduced into the input device and the resulting movements of the input device recorded and analyzed become.