DE1027227B - Circuit arrangement for generating telegraphic characters in a predetermined sequence - Google Patents

Description

GERMAN

The invention relates to a circuit arrangement for generating step combinations, which consist of steps of two kinds. The circuit arrangement according to the invention is used in particular for the generation of telegraphic characters, which are known to be made up of such step combinations are.

For testing teleprinter and other similar signaling devices and devices as well as Aids for operation and monitoring are required transmission devices that have a number of certain step combinations, ζ. Β. a telegraphy text of limited scope, in one-off or send out a repetitive continuous sequence. Such a device is for example a test text transmitter as used to measure telegraphy distortion. As a test text the text proposed by CCIT is usually used.

Another such transmitting device is, for example, a central checking transmitter, as it is in a telex exchange is set up. It can be selected by the participants and sends undistorted or possibly also pre-distorted text, with which the subscriber can then make his own connection can check for margin of distortion.

In addition, such a device for telex communication can have constant content to be used. Such communications, for example from telex exchanges to ongoing Participants need to be sent are e.g. B. "Line disturbed" or "Subscriber busy".

Finally, it should be mentioned that such institutions also act as namesake etc. directly at the participant's can be used.

So far the signals or telegraph texts mentioned have been used mainly by mechanical devices, such as. B. by cam-controlled contacts or by collectors with sliding contacts. This mechanical process is because of wear and tear or a more or less frequent one due to possible contact contamination Maintenance Required. In addition, the noise created by the creation of the text is often an issue disturbing, and the speeds at which the step combinations can be sent out, are always limited for mechanical devices. It is well known that such telegraph transmitters have means that determine the timing of the individual successive steps of the telegraphic characters. The use of mechanical means for this purpose has in many cases proven to be unsuitable or unsuitable. proved disadvantageous. It has already become known as an improvement, the chronological sequence of the

Circuit arrangement

for generating telegraphic characters

in a given sequence

Applicant:
Siemens & Halske Aktiengesellschaft,

Berlin and Munich,
Munich 2, Wittelsbacherplatz 2

Dipl.-Ing, Karlheinz Bochmann, Munich,
has been named as the inventor

Determine steps of telegraphic characters by electronic counting chains controlled by an incremental pulse. The type of steps of the telegraphic characters to be sent is also shown in this circuit arrangement is determined by relay switches or other mechanical switches. This shows This circuit arrangement is also due to the use of mechanical switching elements Disadvantages on. Furthermore, the speed at which the telegraphic characters are sent is given can, limited and a setting of the predistortion of the text to be sent out is difficult and possible with considerable effort.

A purely electronically operating circuit arrangement is also known in which a toggle switch is actuated via a large number of gate circuits to generate such step combinations, depending on an electronic counting chain made up of individual discharge vessels. The respective second input of the individual gate circuits is applied to potential such that the output trigger circuit is controlled in the rhythm of the desired step combination. In this arrangement, both the control of the sequence of the individual steps and the generation of the individual steps themselves take place purely electrically, so that the disadvantages associated with mechanical switching means are eliminated.
The invention also relates to a purely electrically operating circuit arrangement, the cost of switching means being reduced compared to the proposed arrangement. The circuit arrangement is primarily based on the use of so-called magnetic counting

709 958/141

chains, i.e. chain circuits made up of individual magnetic switching elements, each of which is capable of to assume two stable states. Such switching elements are magnetic cores with a magnetization curve, which has a substantially rectangular course. Every link, i.e. every single magnetic core, can then assume one of two stable states, the chain being switched in such a way that only one link in the chain turns into a stable

Pulses are used which have a phase shift of preferably 180 ° with respect to one another. To the The output windings of the individual magnetic cores are created based on the type of circuit to be selected like counting chains only have a pulse-shaped voltage when these magnetic cores have their magnetic Change the state from the working state »1« to the rest state »0«, ie if the magnetic state is from upper to lower remanence point of its hysteresis

Is state of the loading in the following with the state "1" loop ¹⁰ is changed, or vice versa, is characterized, is, while all the other members, FIG. 1 is a rectangular hysteresis loop

remain in the idle state, denoted by state "0" may be. An externally supplied pulse causes the following link to be set to "1"

to illustrate these relationships. In this figure, with α the upper remanence, corresponding to the state "1", and b the lower Remabracht, and the previously located in this condition ^l 5 nenzpunkt, the hibernation returns "0" corresponding member in the state "0 " return. shall be designated. Appropriate by a switching pulse

One could now think of building a counting chain from such a male polarity, which can also additively from various magnetic links, the individual pulses supplied to the ring, for example, can be connected, and the remanence point can be output via the respective output circuit Gate circuits as well as 20 changes, and to control the output winding of the in the proposed arrangement. With Kernes, directional conductors are known to use counter circuits with magnetic closures, so that then and only then a pulse would then have the advantage that a counting amplitude is used on the input winding of the chain, the service life of which is practically the next following core occurs when the remanence is unlimited. With the usual counting circuits, the ² 5 point of the core under consideration is changed in a certain, generally gas-filled triode with cold direction.

Cathode are constructed, the operation of the Fig. 2 shows an embodiment for a

Circuit arrangement of the service life of this text transmitter according to the invention, the one for the outside triodes addicted. If one takes into account that this generation of telegraphic characters with simple blocking triodes very different lifespans and dimensions. For each to be sent if necessary also a relatively short sign of life, since each sign consists of seven steps can have, so · it is readily apparent, th (start-up form, five alphabet steps, blocking as a result, there is a disadvantage in the proposed step), which requires seven magnetic cores with Arrangement lies. Help from two directors and a resistor

The circuit arrangement according to the invention is 35 connected in series. In the embodiment, characterized in that the arrangement is shown as a counting chain, as it would be to build up a known counting chain made of magnetic cores with at least one if the text to be sent only consisted of two at least approximately rectangular hysteresis loops, namely the letter »B «And» Y «, and every telegraphic step of the would be excluded. The counting chain consisting of at least one core is assigned from the individual magnetic cores to at least one core 40 Ml to M 14, and the counting chain is continuously switched through with several mutually phase two pulses that are switched through and shifted from one another by 180 ° phase-shifted control pulses. The continuation of the output windings of the cores a switching pulse 1 (hereinafter referred to as F 1) is the output of the telegraph text sender forming toggle via the terminals P 1 and the switching pulse 2 (in the circuit, which in turn has an output 45 following with F 2) via the terminals P 2 relay cooperates, is controlled. Through the supply. The text sender also has an order of at least one magnetic core for each transmission relay SR for the delivery of the generated telegraphic steps to be sent, gate circuits can complete steps. This transmission relay is omitted via a Kippschalkommen, and the output circuit, which consists of the two tubes Z and T , can be controlled directly by the counting chain in the desired 50.

Rhythm can be controlled. Since a magnetic core with To explain the text sender according to the invention

rectangular hysteresis loop, which can be very small, since it is merely a prerequisite that all magnetic cores M 1 to M 14 must be pulled underneath in order to control a bistable flip-flop circuit before the start of the transmission , but ren remanence point b is their cheap Hysteresis loop are located, and very easily built into the circuit arrangement 55 If the starter button ST can now be pressed briefly, a current that flows through the winding wl of the magnetic telegraph transmitter, the core Ml constructed according to the invention, results in the manufacture of a saturates the core positively, so is the advantage of a simple production, since the gate that it tips over into the upper layer α and in this circuit with the multitude of directional conductors away-state remains even after the button is opened. The leftovers can fall. In addition, the circuit arrangement 60 is borrowed thirteen cores are still in a very much clearer, since stayed directly from the lower remanence b. The first on magnetic cores a bistable flip-flop and against the line P incoming impulse of the Fl now also excites an output relay is controlled. Further more the magnetic core M1 far into the negative switching means, with the exception of a pulse generator and saturation. Here ¹ the left part of the hysteresis of a power supply circuit for this genera- 65 loop (see Fig.l) of this magnetic core is run through, tor, a text transmitter that is built according to the invention and it arises on all windings of this core is not required . a positive impulse. The one created at the winding w IV

Counting chains, the impulse arising from individual magnetic cores ignites the tube Z of the bistable ' are built are known per se. For switching toggle switch. This will make the send contact of the such counting chains are generally two 70 relays 57? and connects the output

5 6

clamp α, b with minus 60 volts, ie it is sent to the one simple blocking step line character current (start-up step). This should, that is, an even number of book status is now retained, and the start-up step would be to choose. If the text does not allow this, then the letter B is fixed with it. Of an intermediate core at the Wick- be provided which, however, the lung resulting pulse will produce 5 flip-flop may simultaneously exert no influence, a current through the isolator Rl, the resistance, however, arises in this case was at least Wl and the winding wl of the magnetic core M 2. a character in the character string a double lock-This means that this core is removed from the negative remanence step. However, if the chain consisting of an odd number of cores is controlled from point b to positive saturation α , so that the state "1" is retained. Once an io has been passed through, the two incremental pulses forwarding of a pulse that is exchanged in the upper remanence point during the reversal of magnetization Fl and F2 by a switching device with the core M 2 in the upper remanence point.

occurring pulse in the winding wants the Fig. 3 shows the pulse plan for the on hand

Core M2 to the winding a / I of the core A / 3 is illustrated in FIG. 2 circuit. In line 1 this is prevented by the directional director R3 . 15 pulse plan is the current that is passed through the starter

After the impulse has subsided in the winding w I button ST flows, shown. Line 2 shows the of the magnetic core M 2 is located thus, this pulse sequence of the core Fort switching pulse Fl and α in the upper remanence while the core Ml line 3, the pulse sequence of the Fort switching pulse F2. In has returned to the lower remanence point. the following lines are then the impulses

The phase shifted by 180 ° now draws the incremental pulse F2 in the windings w1 or windings of the core M2 in the idle state / IV of the individual magnetic cores M1 to M14 , whereby again in the namely the impulses of the windings w I winding ZfIV a pulse occurs that ignites the tube 7 "downwards and the impulses of the windings ze» III of the flip-flop circuit, whereby the transmitting contact and thus also that of the windings w IV upwards of the transmitter relay - In addition, 25 occurs. Line 18 then shows the impulses which, based on the remanence, want to trigger a delivery of character current steps from the winding, i.e. point of the magnetic core M 3 changed so that the impulses sent to the Tube Z arrive so that this core is now in the "1" state, while tube Z is conductive during the time shown in line 19, the magnetic core M2 returns to the "0" state, while the control mpulse for is swept. 30 separating flow step inserts that connect the tube T to the

A transfer of the state in backward times, which are drawn in line 21, in each direction, for example from the coreM2 to the make conductive, are plotted in line20. The core M1, or from the core Ml to the core M 14, becomes conductive of the tube Z 'in each case results in the blocking by the windings ze / III of the individual cores of the tube T , and vice versa. In line 22, directional conductor R2 or R28 connected in parallel is then shown in writing characters as double current characters that are transmitted by the transmitter relay SR. 4 shows an embodiment of the switching pulse Fl on the windings w II of the odd number arrangement according to the invention, which is suitable for this against magnetic cores and the stepping pulse F2 on, telegraphic characters with one and a half times the windings «λII of the Even-numbered magnetic cores 40 locking step and adjustable one-sided advance run through all cores one after the other to send out the state distortion. Also with this execution "1". When returning from the example, it is assumed that the letter sequence B, Y stood "1" in the state "0" and each core then emits a pulse that is to be sent out.

the next core prepared and the same - The output circuit of the bistable rocker switch -

early the beginning of a new step of the 45 generation, which works together with a transmitter relay SR , marked the telegraphic character. Due to the structure similar to the output circuit with speaking interconnection of the windings w IV in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG.

Character combination can be obtained. the should, it is in the illustrated embodiment

In the illustrated embodiment, it is necessary not to omit those windings ze / IV for each individual telegraphy step which, as in the example according to FIG . That are divisive. However, three cores are assigned to each step. In this case, of course, in order to achieve the same connection of the winding w III of the core M 14 55 telegraph speed, the pulse over the corresponding directional conductor G 27 or G28 must be the repetition frequency of the stepping pulses F1 and F2 and the Resistance W 14 to the winding wl des be twice as large as in the case of a circuit arrangement core M 1, a constant repetition of the observation can be made. Fig. 2. Incidentally, the counting string desired character sequence will be achieved. If this is switched through as well as interrupted on the basis of FIG. 2, then it can only be clarified, ie each individual core lets the character combination tilt back to the zero state the following times when the key ST is pressed . Tilt the core to the "1" state. Since every single target a letter follows, which are assigned to two cores from more than two telegraphing steps, so is letters, are sent out, then only a maximum of every second core with the corresponding more magnetic cores are to be provided, all of which are connected to the gearshift.

can be connected in series accordingly. As mentioned, should the circuit arrangement according to

Then a large number of cores in the ring can be connected to FIG. 4 also for sending predistorted signals, then it must be ensured that an even character is to be used, there are two pairs of incremental numbers of cores , ie if pulsing is provided, the usual telex characters with a run-up and 70 or P'1 and P'2 are supplied via the terminals P1 and P2. The pulses are

Claims (11)

in pairs shifted in their phase relation to one another by the desired amount of the predistortion. The phase shift is adjustable and can be selected as required. In the illustrated embodiment, the circuit is selected for reasons of clarity so that all separating current step inserts are shifted or displaceable by the same amount compared to the setpoint insertion times in the case of undistorted transmission. The character stream step inserts, on the other hand, are fixed. Of course, by making minor changes, it is easily possible to move only individual step inserts. In this case, only those nuclei with the phase-shifted pulse position would have to be connected, the associated telegraphing step of which should be correspondingly distorted. In order to make the phase position of the incremental pulses adjustable with respect to one another, the sinusoidal voltage output by the generator G is fed in parallel to the two pulse shaping elements / 1 and / 2. namely via phase-rotating elements PM or Ph2. The phase rotator Ph2 can be changed in such a way that the phase of the alternating voltage it emits can be set within certain limits. If, for example, the phase output can be set at 180 ° ± 90 °, ie by ± 90 °, compared to the phase output by the phase rotator Ph 1, then a predistortion of 25% can be generated. The shift in the phase position of the incremental pulses is thus achieved by shifting the phase position of a sinusoidal alternating voltage, which can be implemented much more easily. The individual cores of the magnetic counting chain are now linked with the various incremental pulses, depending on whether the corresponding step is to be output as an undistorted or a predistorted step, whereby the overturning process of the individual cores is reached earlier or later and thus the bistable Output circuit is reversed too early or too late compared to the set point in time. The embodiment according to FIG. 4 also differs from the embodiment according to FIG. 2 in that the winding wVIII is used as the output winding of the cores M21 to M 50, from which the pulse for controlling the next core is taken at the same time. In addition, the output pulses are all connected in parallel. The directional decoupling conductors E are provided for decoupling the individual windings. A pulse schedule, which is constructed in the same way as the pulse schedule according to FIG. 3, is shown in FIG. In the pulse plan it is assumed that the incremental pulse F'1 or F'2 is shifted lagging behind the incremental pulse F1 or F 2 by a certain value. As a result, the separating steps will then be used too late by this amount in each case, ie. In other words, the transmitted text generated has a very specific predistortion in certain telegraphing steps. The circuit arrangement described can be used practically in the same structure for generating any desired pulse sequences, such as those used, for example, for programming in calculating machines, etc., without further ado. In such a case, only the incremental speed would have to be increased significantly, and under certain circumstances - if pulses of a precisely defined width are to be generated - a monostable multivibrator, for example, which could also be made up of magnetic cores, would have to be provided at the output circuit. The output of the pulse train could then no longer take place with the aid of a transmission relay. In such a case, a purely electronic output circuit would have to be provided. Such an output circuit can, however, easily be used for the generation of telegraphic characters. Pate ν ta ν s i1 is Γ c n ε 1. Circuit arrangement for generating telegraphic characters in a predetermined sequence, in which the sequence of the individual telegraphing steps is determined by a counting chain, the links of which are brought into effect one after the other in the cycle of the telegraphing steps by the pulses of an incremental pulse, characterized in that as a counting chain a known chain of magnetic cores (Ml to Jl / 14, Fig. 2; M 21 to M 50, Fig.4) is used with at least approximately rectangular hysteresis loop and each telegraphing step of the character to be sent is assigned at least one core and that the counting chain with several control pulses (Fl, F2) phase-shifted from one another are continuously switched through and that of the output windings (zcIV, Fig. 2: K ¹ VTII, Fig. 4) of the cores a flip-flop circuit (T, Z) forming the output of the telegraph text sender, which in turn still cooperates with an output relay (SR) (transmitter relay), is controlled. 2. Circuit arrangement for generating an undistorted telegraph text according to claim 1, characterized in that two incremental pulses (Fl. F2) phase-shifted by 180 ° to the continuous Interconnection of the counting chain are provided. 3. Circuit arrangement according to claim 1 and 2 for generating a telegraph text with a simple Locking step, characterized in that each step of the telegraphic sign has only one magnetic core is assigned (Fig. 2). 4. Circuit arrangement according to claim 1 and 2 for generating a telegraph text with one and a half times Locking step, characterized in that each step of a telegraphic character has two and three magnetic cores of the counting chain are assigned to the locking step, the pulse sequence of Stepping pulses twice as high as the telegraphy speed is selected (Fig. 4). 5. Circuit arrangement according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that two pairs of incremental pulses (F 1, F2 and F'l, F'2) whose phase relation to each other (PhI, Ph2) is adjustable, are provided for generating telegraphic characters predistorted on one side are. 6. Circuit arrangement according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that the reading windings (wTV) of the magnetic cores, which are used to control the flip-flop circuit (Z, T), are connected in series. 7. Circuit arrangement according to Claim 1 to S, characterized in that the reading windings (w VIII) of the magnetic cores for controlling the output winding (ze; I) are connected in parallel to the flip-flop circuit (Z, T) via Entkopphirngsglieder (E). 8. Circuit arrangement according to claim 4 and 5, characterized in that the phase shift Exercise is preferably carried out with the help of an adjustable element (PhI, PhT) for the phase rotation of an alternating current, from which the pulse sequences are only subsequently obtained. 9. Circuit arrangement according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that for transmitting a continuous, repeating telegraphy text creates the magnetic counting chain in the ring is switched. 10. Circuit arrangement according to claim 1 to 8, characterized in that for triggering the telegraph transmitter the first core of the magnetic counting chain is assigned a direct current source which can be connected via a start switch (ST) to remagnetize the core and thus to trigger the counting chain. 11. Application of the circuit arrangement according to claim 1 to 10 for generating any steps other than telegraphic characters. For this purpose 2 sheets of drawings