DE10260653B4 - A mobile radio receiver architecture and method for synchronizing hardware blocks of a mobile radio receiver - Google Patents

Abstract

Mobile radio receiver for the simultaneous demodulation of a plurality of different base stations (BS (i)) emitted signals with different frame time slots (100.0, 100.1), with
A digital signal processor (DSP),
A rake demodulator (RK) with several rake fingers (RD1, ..., RDN),
A rake memory (RAKE_RAM) common to the rake fingers (RD1, ..., RDN) of the rake demodulator (RK) for buffering samples to be processed in the rake fingers (RD1, ..., RDN),
A plurality of hardware blocks (RD1, ..., RDN, AD_GEN, SCR_GEN) for processing the signals, each hardware block (RD1, ..., RDN, AD_GEN, SCR_GEN) having a timing input (40) for receiving a reference time trigger signal (t _REF ) and a port for accepting one or more offset parameters (frame_offset (i), start_offset (i), CPICH_DEL (i), actframe_offset (i), frame_offset (0)), which determine a time offset between a desired processing timing of the hardware block and the reference time trigger signal (t _REF ),
A single timer (TM_C), which generates the common reference time trigger signal (t _REF ) for all hardware blocks (RD1,..., RDN, RAKE_RAM, AD_GEN, SCR_GEN) and supplies this to the timing inputs (40) of the. ..

Description

The The invention relates to a mobile radio receiver for simultaneous demodulation several physical channels with different frame timings and a synchronization procedure of hardware blocks a mobile receiver, which for a simultaneous demodulation of several physical channels with different ones Frame time slots is designed.

modern pager characterized by the fact that a variety of computational algorithms in hardware - d. H. in hard-wired hardware circuits - be executed. This hardwired Hardware circuits, often referred to in the literature as "hardware supports "(hardware support) or "dedicated (hardware) data paths "(task-specific Hardware data paths), allow a fast and energy-efficient Processing of recurring arithmetic operations.

A Difficulty with this concept (outsourcing of certain arithmetic operations or algorithms in hardwired hardware blocks) is the synchronization the hardware blocks, d. H. in need of processing algorithms in the different hardware blocks in time to coordinate.

• – Aufgrund der Mehrwegeausbreitung treffen Signalkomponenten eines Funksignals zu unterschiedlichen Zeiten am Empfänger ein. Diese Ausbreitungsweg-Verzögerungen werden im Empfänger geschätzt. Jede Signalkomponente wird in einem Rake-Empfänger separat in einem der sogenannten Rake-Finger entspreizt. Die Entspreizungsstufen der Rake-Finger müssen dabei entsprechend den geschätzten Ausbreitungsweg-Verzögerungen synchronisiert werden;
• – Signale, die von unterschiedlichen Basisstationen ausgesandt werden, sind zeitlich nicht korreliert. Im Empfänger werden die unterschiedlichen Rahmen-Zeitlagen der Signale von unterschiedlichen Basisstationen gemessen. Sie müssen ebenfalls bei der Entspreizung des Empfangssignals (Strom von Abtastwerten) berücksichtigt werden;
• – darüber hinaus werden nutzerseitig unterschiedliche Startzeitpunkte für die Entspreizung verschiedener empfangener Signale (physikalischer Kanäle) vorgegeben. Das System muss eine kanalindividuelle Vorgabe bestimmter gewünschter Startzeitpunkte für die Entspreizung (z. B. für Messzwecke) unterstützen.

As an example of a hardware block, a despreading unit is considered, which multiplies a spreading code in time with a data stream which consists of the received samples of a received signal. In order to ensure the time-correct multiplication of the spreading code to the sample current, it is necessary to take into account the following factors:

• - Due to the multipath propagation, signal components of a radio signal arrive at the receiver at different times. These propagation path delays are estimated in the receiver. Each signal component is despread separately in a rake receiver in one of the so-called rake fingers. The despreading levels of the rake fingers must be synchronized according to the estimated propagation delays;
• - Signals emitted by different base stations are not correlated in time. The receiver measures the different frame timings of the signals from different base stations. They must also be taken into account in the despreading of the received signal (stream of samples);
• In addition, different starting times for the despreading of different received signals (physical channels) are specified by the user. The system must support a channel-specific predefinition of certain desired start times for despreading (eg for measurement purposes).

So far was the problem of synchronizing different hardware blocks through independent Timer (timer) solved, which are programmed by the digital signal processor (DSP). Every timer becomes an active base station (from which a signal is received) and generates a base station specific trigger signal. By means of this trigger signal, a hardware block is started. The trigger signal ensures that exactly the desired ones or "correct" samples be processed in the hardware block. For example, that can Trigger signal indicate the beginning of a timeframe when the hardware block to be activated at the time frame start. Or it is possible that the trigger signal indicates the beginning of a power measurement to be started indicates which coincident with the beginning of a symbol boundary of a is data stream received from a particular base station.

1 shows the general architecture of a mobile radio receiver according to the prior art. Via a data connection 1 A stream of samples is fed to a rake demodulator RK. For easier understanding, multipath propagation is initially neglected. Three identical signals are considered, which are received by three different base stations via only one propagation path at the receiver. In order to enable time-correct demodulation of these three signals in the rake fingers, the frame timing of each of the three received signals is measured and received from the DSP via a data link 2 and a bus 3 notified to the independent timers TM1, TM2, TM3. The timers TM1, TM2, TM3 then generate trigger signals S1, S2, S3, which are transmitted via the data lines 4.1 . 4.2 and 4.3 be issued. Each trigger signal S1, S2, S3 points to a specific one. If there is a pulse which starts a finger of the rake demodulator RK, see 2 , Via a data connection 5 . 6 and a multiplexer MUX, one of the trigger signals S1, S2, S3 is selected and sent to a trigger input 7 of the rake demodulator RK applied. The selection of the corresponding rake finger (not shown) of the rake demodulator RK is via the data links 5 . 6 . 8th performed. The selected rake finger then demodulates the signal originating from the selected base station starting from the time specified by the trigger signal. If (as usual) the signals of several base stations are to be demodulated simultaneously, the rake demodulator RK several trigger signals S1, S2, S3 via three trigger inputs (each corresponding to the Trig ger input 7 ). At the exit 9 of the rake demodulator RK a demodulated signal is output, which goes back to the received signals of several base stations.

The basis of the 1 and 2 explained timing of the Rake demodulator RK using independent timer TM1, TM2, TM3 is no longer practicable in the monitoring of a variety of Basissta tions. In modern UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) mobile radio receivers, the signals of up to 6 base stations (or cells) are demodulated simultaneously (so-called Active Set), and it also monitors signals from a maximum of 26 base stations in the so-called monitor set (in the monitor Set of supervised further base stations are possible candidates, which under certain conditions can be taken over in the course of a connection into the Active Set). As a result, in the worst case, 32 independent timers are required, each having its own time base for a base station (eg in the form of a trigger signal at the beginning of the respective time frame or at the beginning of a power measurement to be performed) for the rake demodulator RK or a hardware base. Create block within the rake demodulator RK.

Next the high hardware-technical effort for the implementation of 32 For timers, controlling so many timers is relatively complicated. especially when time multiplexed rake fingers for different Demodulation tasks are to be used.

In Scripture DE 100 24 220 C2 a mobile radio receiver for a mobile radio system with a system-wide uniform time base is described, which has a single system timer unit.

The font representing the closest prior art EP 1 128 565 A2 describes a coprocessor which demodulates the signals transmitted by different base stations for a rake receiver. The coprocessor is controlled in time via an external, system-wide uniform timer.

Of the Invention is based on the object, a simple concept for synchronization of hardware blocks in a mobile radio receiver to provide for the simultaneous demodulation of several of different base stations emitted signals with different Frame time slots is designed. Furthermore, the invention aims to a method for synchronizing hardware blocks of a Mobile radio receiver, which for a simultaneous demodulation of several different base stations emitted signals is designed with different frame timings, specify.

The The invention is based task by the Characteristics of the independent claims solved.

To Claim 1 and 10 is the idea underlying the invention in it, for all hardware just a single timer and thus only a single time base (given by the reference time trigger signal) provided. In terms of this reference time trigger signal will be the individual hardware blocks of the mobile radio receiver decentrally programmed with respective offset parameters. The offset parameters refer to different propagation paths, to different ones Start conditions for demodulation, on different uncorrelated Frame timings of signals from different base stations or on a different temporal allocation of the spreading codes (Scrambling code, channelization code).

The presence of only a single timer means a simplification of the hardware - but also a simplification of the synchronization as such, since only a single, system-wide valid reference time trigger signal must be observed. The in the prior art (see 1 and 2 ) occurring trigger signals S1, S2 and S3, which are based on the respective frame timings of the signals received from different base stations omitted. Furthermore, the allocation of hardware blocks to specific timers required in the prior art is eliminated.

The Programming of the temporal behavior of the hardware blocks takes place according to the invention over the Offset parameters directly on the hardware block itself and not over one Programming of respective timers. As a result, the DSP for the different hardware blocks the same programming principle (Programming the hardware blocks with reference-time-related offset parameters), d. H. one unified interface between the DSP and the hardware realized is. This increases on the one hand, the scalability of the hardware (for newly added hardware blocks must only another set of offset parameters are calculated in the DSP), and on the other hand facilitates the optimal utilization of the hardware blocks by Time division multiplexing techniques, because (unlike in the prior art) none Trigger signals to the associated hardware blocks in the time division grid to disposal have to be asked.

According to the invention, a rake demodulator has a rake memory, which is common to the rake fingers, for the intermediate storage of samples to be processed in the rake fingers and an address generator for generating read addresses for the rake memory, the address generator comprising the port for inputting offset parameters and the timing input. Here, the offset parameters indicate the delay times of different propagation paths with respect to the reference time trigger signal, and the read addresses for the samples associated with a propagation path are determined as a function of the reference time trigger signal and the offset parameter (n) associated with this propagation path ) generated. By programming the address generator with the offset parameters characteristic of the propagation path delay, the path delays of the signal components of a signal transmitted via different propagation paths are taken into account.

A Particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the hardware blocks the fingers of a rake demodulator and code generators include. In this case, the entire rake demodulator only which supplies a system-wide single reference time trigger signal. This one reference time trigger signal preferably shows the timing the beginning of the pilot channel, in particular CPICH (Common Pilot Channel) in the UMTS standard, the first detected base station (Reference base station). This will ensure that the earliest possible Time during the signal acquisition - namely already after synchronization with the first base station - the reference time trigger signal for disposal stands.

To Claims 6 and 15 is a further aspect of the invention in that in that the reference time trigger signal is coupled to the transmission time in the mobile radio receiver becomes. In the UMTS standard is as time reference for the mobile station is not the time of reception (frame start of the CPICH channel), but the transmission time defined. This is opposite the Frame start of the CPICH channel by a time difference of 1024 chips postponed. However, in the course of the connection, the transmission time may be be changed at a defined rate. In particular, this procedure is performed when the reference base station disappears and another base station to be selected as the reference base station got to. In this case, the transmission timing is successively (with a predefined maximum rate of change) changed or tracked, until the end of the procedure the transmission time in a temporal Distance of 1024 chips to begin the CPICH channel of the new Reference base station is located.

A further preferred embodiment The invention is characterized by a code generator associated with a rake finger for generating a spreading code for despreading one in one of Rake fingers processed path component of a signal, wherein the Code generator the port for input of offset parameters and the timing input includes, and further for generates the rake finger provided spreading code at a time, which depends is from the reference time trigger signal and associated with this rake finger Offset parameter. In this solution takes place a programming of the code generator by the offset parameter referring to the system wide predetermined by the reference time trigger signal valid Trigger time.

Further advantageous embodiments and refinements of the invention are in the subclaims specified.

The Invention will now be described with reference to an embodiment with reference closer to the drawing explains; in this shows:

1 a schematic representation of a mobile radio receiver with a timer controlled by multiple timers rake demodulator according to the prior art;

2 a diagram of the in 1 illustrated timers issued trigger signals;

3 a schematic representation of the structure of a mobile radio receiver according to the invention with a controlled by a central timer rake demodulator;

4 a diagram of that of the in 3 illustrated central timer output reference time trigger signal;

5 a block diagram of in 3 arrangement shown;

6 a diagram for explaining the offset parameters for programming a code generator for the code generation; and

7 a diagram illustrating the offset parameter for programming a Rake memory for the consideration of the path delay in the Rake demodulator.

The 3 and 4 show the basic concept of the present invention. The same components as in the 1 and 2 are in the 3 and 4 marked with the same reference numerals. The DSP is connected via a data connection 20 with a central timer TM_C in connection. The central timer TM_C gives a reference time trigger signal 40 out, that in 4 is is placed. The reference time trigger signal may for example consist of a pulse which occurs at the time t _REF . The reference time trigger signal 40 is fed to the rake demodulator RK. Further, the rake demodulator RK receives from the DSP one or more offset parameters over a data connection 30 , The offset parameter (s) relate to the time t _{REF of} the reference time trigger signal and indicate by what periods of time after the occurrence of the reference time trigger signal certain activities (which will be described in greater detail with reference to FIG 5 be explained) started or stopped. The time is represented in units of a common system clock clk, which is fed to both the central timer TM_C and the rake demodulator RK. The main difference to that in the 1 and 2 arrangement shown is that the Rake demodulator RK only a single, universal reference time trigger signal 40 although signals from different base stations having uncorrelated frame timings and even different path components of the multipath propagation are demodulated in the rake demodulator RK.

5 shows a block diagram of in 3 illustrated circuit. The over the data connection 1 Samples supplied to a memory RAKE_RAM are obtained in a manner not shown by downmixing an analog antenna signal to baseband or into an intermediate frequency range and then sampling at a sufficiently high sampling rate. In the UMTS standard, the chip time duration T _C = 0.26 μs, ie the chip rate T _C ^-1 is 3.84 MHz. The samples representing chips (3.84 MHz sampling rate) or preferably half-chips (7.68 MHz sampling rate) are collected in the RAKE_RAM memory. The memory RAKE_RAM is followed by several (N) rake components RD1, RD2,..., RDN. The rake components RD1, RD2, ... RDN are identical and are explained by way of example using the rake component RD1.

The rake component RD1 comprises an interpolator TVI (Time Variant Interpolator), a despreading stage DS which despreads the interpolated signal with a scrambling code and a channelization code, an integrating & dumping unit I & D which integrates the despread chips over a symbol period sf chips are added and the value thus obtained is output as a symbol, sf denotes the spreading factor of the channelization code) and a multiplier M which multiplies the symbols obtained by the unit I & D by a channel weight. The outputs of the Rake components RD1, RD2, ..., RDN are fed to a maximum ratio combiner (MRC) which receives the same signal (though received over different propagation paths and possibly also from different base stations) are assigned, added. At the exit 9 of the combiner MRC, the demodulated symbols of one or more signals are output in the usual way.

The despreading stage DS can be realized by two serially arranged despreading units (multipliers) DSCR and DCHN. The despreading unit DSCR performs the so-called de-scrambling of the obtained sequence of chip values. (If the samples stored in the memory RAKE_RAM are half-chips, the interpolator TVI causes a rate reduction by a factor of 2 so that chip values are always present at the input of the despreading stage DS.) For this purpose, the despreading unit DSCR of a scrambling code generator SCR_GEN via the data connection 50.1 supplied a scrambling code. Other scrambling codes generated by the scrambling code generator are transmitted over the data links 50.2 , ..., 50.n corresponding despreading units DSCR supplied in the other rake components RD2, ..., RDN.

As generally known, scrambling codes are used to generate signals, which come from different base stations, distinguishable close. More precise are those of a particular base station emitted signals transmitter side with a base station-specific Scrambling code multiplied. By de-scrambling in the despreading unit DSCR becomes the considered Rake component RD1 of a particular base station assigned.

The de-channelization unit DCHN performs despreading on the channelization code. So it is fed (in a manner not shown here) with a channelization code. The circuit used for this purpose comprises a channelization code generator. It corresponds to the circuit for de-scrambling and is in 5 not shown for reasons of clarity. The channelization code maps Rake component RD1 to a specific physical channel. (As is well known, physical channels in CDMA systems are made distinguishable by multiplying a channelization code.) In particular, the channelization codes allow for subscriber separation Each subscriber of a mobile network is assigned a particular channelization code. Symbols intended for this subscriber are multiplied on the sender side by the channelization code assigned to this subscriber tion unit DCHN with this subscriber-specific channelization code, the CDMA-typical subscriber-specific user data demodulation is achieved.)

Instead of in 5 As shown, the two despreading units DSCR and DCHN can also be realized by a single despreading unit (multiplier), which in this case is acted upon by a product of scrambling code and channelization code. Generally, in this application, the term spreading code refers to scrambling codes, channelization codes as well as products of these codes.

The (known) operation of the Rake receiver RK is that each Rake finger is "set" by a delay member provided on the input side to a certain propagation path, ie the propagation path delays which occur due to the multipath propagation of a signal transmitted by a base station , be compensated at the input of each rake finger. In the present embodiment, this is done by the over the input 1 are stored in chronological order in the cyclic memory RAKE_RAM, but are read out for the rake components RD1, RD2, ..., RDN with different read addresses "simultaneously". "Simultaneous" means that a sample is read out within a chip period by a correspondingly high system clock clk for each active rake component RD1, RD2,..., RDN. The different read addresses AD (1), ..., AD (N) for the rake components RD1, RD2, ..., RDN are provided to an address decoder AD_DEC of the memory RAKE_RAM from the address generator AD_GEN. The memory RAKE_RAM together with the address generator AD_GEN and the address decoder AD_DEC therefore makes it possible to compensate for the multipath propagation delay in the individual rake fingers. The memory RAKE_RAM thus represents the delay elements for all rake fingers. Each rake finger thus comprises a rake component RD1,..., RDN and the (shared) memory RAKE_RAM.

In the following, the programming of the address generator AD_GEN and the scrambling code generator SCR_GEN by means of parameter values transmitted by the DSP via the data connection 30 be explained. For a better understanding, the channel structure used in UMTS, which is specified in the UMTS standard 3GPP TS 25.211 V4.4.0 (2002-03), is discussed briefly above.

CPICH

each Base station transmits according to chapter 5.3.3.1.1. of the above specification exactly one CPICH per cell. This one CPICH is for the entire cell valid. The CPICH sent from a base station with the index 0 becomes hereinafter referred to as CPICH_BS (0) and that of a base station CPICH sent with the index 1 is referred to below as CPICH_BS (1) designated. Therefore all CPICH uses the same channelization code the CPICH sent from different base stations only by their Sramblingcode.

One The CPICH channel takes 10 ms. The frame comprises 15 time slots. According to the above UMTS specification, each timeslot contains 2560 chips. The frame period is thus 38400 chip durations. Within a time slot will be 10 symbols (10x256 Chips) of the CPICH channel.

To time slot and frame synchronization become the cell-specific ones CPICH channels one Process of matched filtering subjected. In half-chip intervals be z. B. 512 consecutive half-chip receive data the known CPICH symbols cell-specific (the cells are distinguished by the scrambling code) correlates and integrates. From the power distribution of the correlation results in dependence from the beginning of the correlation, the multipath components can be used detect the spread within the cell in question. The same thing Procedure is for all known cells repeated.

In the 6 and 7 the frame timing of the channels CPICH_BS (0) and CPICH_BS (1) is shown in each case in the lower area of the figures (bold lines, the x axis corresponds to the time direction). The respective frame beginnings are denoted by the reference numerals 100.0 (of the CPICH_BS (0)) or 100.1 (of CPICH_BS (1)). The time difference between the frame start of the channel CPICH_BS (1) and the frame start of the channel CPICH_BS (0) occurring at the receiver is designated CPICH_DEL (1) and is known after the acquisition in the receiver.

DPCH

frame_offset(i)

Zeitversatz des DPCH_BS(i)-Rahmens gegenüber dem CPICH_BS(i)-Rahmen für die Basisstation BS(i) mit dem Index i.

User data is transmitted in UMTS via the subscriber-specific (dedicated) downlink channels DPCH (Dedicated Physical Channel). The frames of the DPCH channels are in the 6 and 7 denoted by DPCH_BS (0) for the base station with the index 0 and DPCH_BS (1) for the base station with the index 1. The frames of the DPCH channels also have a duration of 10 ms and a Length of 15 time slots. However, CPICH and DPCH frames from the same base station are out of sync. The following label is used:

frame_offset (i)

Time offset of the DPCH_BS (i) frame from the CPICH_BS (i) frame for the base station BS (i) with the index i.

Of the Time Offset frame_offset (i) is from the respective base station BS (i) communicated. The values frame_offset (i) are thus in the receiver for all monitored Base stations of indices i known. It is frame_offset (i) = n (i) · 256 Chips, where n (i) = 1, 2, 3, ..., d. H. the time offset between the frame timings of the DPCH and CPICH channels of a base station are respectively an integer multiple of the symbol duration in the CPICH channel.

If at a given time B_TS the demodulation of both the DPCH_BS (0) Channels as well as the DPCH_BS (1) channel in the Rake receiver for example because of both channels the same signal is transmitted and both channels for the Demodulation to be exploited - according to the invention, the following Steps performed:

1. Specification of a uniform time base:

That via the signal line 40 transmitted reference time trigger signal of the central timer TM_C is at the beginning of the frame 100.0 of the CPICH frame CPICH_BS (0) first identified on acquisition or, more generally, a time reference oriented at the time of transmission. As already explained above, this time z. B. change in case of loss of the current reference base station at a predetermined rate until the reference time trigger signal 40 of the central timer TM_C is coincident with a new time reference which is based on the reception time of the CPICH channel of another base station.

The first identified time frame CPICH_BS (0) thus sets the universal time base in the receiver. The desired start time for the demodulation is based on this reference time trigger signal and is thus B_TS. In the 6 and 7 was assumed to be the reference time trigger signal 40 the timing of the beginning of the frame 100.0 of the channel CPICH_BS (0).

This Reference time trigger signal remains valid as long as this base station BS (0) received by the receiver becomes. As soon as the reception of the CPICH_BS (0) is lost, the Reference time trigger signal with a predefined maximum rate tracked and indirectly via the new transmission time with respect to of the CPICH frame start of another, communicated by Higher Layer Base station defined. In the following years then determines this other Base station the time base in the receiver.

2. Programming the scrambling code generator SCR_GEN for the scrambling code generation:

According to the im Standard TS 25.213 V4.3.0 specified in chapter 5.2.2 for the Generation of scrambling codes in the UMTS standard can be 262143 different scrambling codes are generated by a Number between 0 and 262142. To a demodulation of the data channel DPCH_BS (i) with a specific scrambling code To reach this scrambling code at time B_TS of be loaded to the scrambling code generator SCR_GEN. The loading time the scrambling code for the However, DPCH_BS (i) channel does not refer to the beginning of the frame DPCH_BS (i) channel, but to the beginning of the frame of the associated CPICH_BS (i) channel. The frame start of the DPCH_BS (i) channel is frame_offset (i) time units across from moved to the CPICH_BS (i) frame. Within the CPICH_BS (i) frame is for each chip a complex code word through the scrambling code generator SCR_GEN delivered until at the beginning of a new CPICH_BS (i) frame the code generator with the original one the base station i associated scrambling code is loaded and the cyclic generation of the scrambling code words is continued.

By "loading the scrambling code" is meant that the two shift registers of the code generator (code generators are realized by feedback shift registers, the code generator for the generation of scrambling codes in the UMTS standard is in chapter 5.2.2 . 10 representing specification TS 25.213 V4.3.0) at the time of loading with the initial allocation given by the code number (relative to the CPICH BS (i) frame boundary) and the time shift between the CPICH BS (i) frame start and the time B_TS be prepared. That is, the scrambling code available at the time B_TS includes a lead of the scrambling code generator SCR_GEN loaded with the scrambling code of the number SCR_CNR (i) by frame_offset (i) + start_offset (i) time units (chips ), ie exactly at the time difference between the CHPICH_BS (i) frame start and the beginning of the demodulation. start_offset (i) indicates the amount of time by which time B_TS (start of demodulation at time B_TS) is delayed from the beginning of the DPCH_BS (i) frame.

SCR_CNR(i)

Nummer des Scrambling-Codes der Basisstation mit dem Index i.

B_SCR_CNR(i)

Anfangswert des Scrambling-Codes zum Zeitpunkt B_TS (wird durch das Laden des Scrambling-Code-Generators mit SCR_CNR(i) und dem Vorlauf des Scrambling-Code-Generators um frame_offset(i) + start_offset(i) Zeiteinheiten erzeugt).

R_TS(i)

Zeitpunkt für das Laden des der Basisstation mit dem Index i zugeordneten nicht durch Vorlauf veränderten Scrambling-Codes der Nummer SCR_CNR(i) in den Scramblin-Code-Generator (immer am Rahmenbeginn des CPICH_BS(i)-Rahmens).

The following terms are also used:

SCR_CNR (i)

Number of the scrambling code of the base station with the index i.

B_SCR_CNR (i)

Initial value of the scrambling code at time B_TS (generated by loading the scrambling code generator with SCR_CNR (i) and the lead of the scrambling code generator by frame_offset (i) + start_offset (i) time units).

R_TS (i)

Time for loading the SCR_CNR (i) scrambling code generator associated with the index i to the base station with the index i (always at the beginning of the frame of the CPICH_BS (i) frame).

6 shows the time relationships discussed above between CPICH_BS (i) and DPCH_BS (i) frames with the time difference of frame_offset (i). Since in the example shown here ( 6 ) the start of the demodulation at time BT_S is not identical to the frame start of one of the two DPCH frames, start_offset (i) must be taken into account. It applies B_TS = frame_offset (i) + start_offset (i) + CPICH_DEL (i)

The Scrambling code number SCR_CNR (i) is at the beginning of the frame of the associated CPICH channel CHPICH_BS (i). The value B_SCR_CNR (i) of the scrambling code at time B_TS, d. H. with the beginning of demodulation arises by loading the scrambling code generator with SCR_CNR (i) and the Forward the feedback shift registers present in the generator the time difference frame_offset (i) + start_offset (i). That is, B_SCR_CNR (i) is due to the relative delay between the respective CPICH_BS (i) and DPCH_BS (i) channels and determined by the value start_offset (i).

by virtue of the necessary forerun of the scrambling code generator SCR_GEN for the Demodulation and the definition of the scrambling code as having a the CPICH_BS (i) boundaries cyclically repeating pattern becomes while demodulation a time R_TS (i) occur at which the scrambling code generator again newly loaded with the scrambling code number SCR_CNR (i). If not the shift between the DPCH_BS (i) and CPICH_BS (i) channels is zero, this time will be in the midst of the DPCH_BS (i) frame.

R_TS (i) matches the frame boundary of the CPICH_BS (i) frame: R_TS (i) = (B_TS - frame_offset (i) - start_offset (i)) mod 38400

The temporal shift frame_offset (i) between the DPCH_BS (i) and the CPICH_BS (i) channel, the delay time of the demodulation of the DPCH_BS (i) channel start_offset (i) are passed to the scrambling code generator SCR_GEN via the in 5 shown data connection 30.1 communicated. The scrambling code number SCR_CNR (i), which is valid for the respective base station, initiates a forerun of the scrambling code generator. The number of reported offset values depends on the number of base stations monitored in the Active Set and in the Monitor Set.

The initial value of the scrambling code number at time B_TS is given by: B_SCR_CNR (i) = SCR_CNR (i) + frame_offset (i) + start_offset (i)

3. Programming the address generator AD_GEN for the delay compensation

actframe_offset(i)

zeitlicher Versatz zwischen dem Zeitpunkt des Rahmenanfangs DPCH_BS(0) und dem Zeitpunkt des Rahmenanfangs DPCH_BS(i)

In the 7 illustrated delay compensation relates to the DPCH channels of the base stations of the Active Set. If the channel DPCH_BS (0) of the base station with the index 0 is selected as the reference, the propagation path delay actframe_offset (i) can be defined as follows:

actframe_offset (i)

time offset between the time of frame start DPCH_BS (0) and the time of frame start DPCH_BS (i)

The propagation path delay actframe_offset (i) is a measured variable determined in the receiver. The values for actframe_offset (i) are stored by the DSP z. B. calculated in units of time of a chip and the data connection 30.2 output to the address generator AD_GEN. The address generator AD_GEN converts the time differences actframe_offset (i) into address differences (for example, if a half-chip per memory location is stored in the memory RAKE_RAM, the difference between the read addresses AD (n1) and AD (n2) is for the two rake Components RD (n1) or RD (n2), which despread the channels DPCH_BS (0) and DPCH_BS (i), 2 * actframe_offset (i)).

Depending on the values obtained for the propagation path delay actframe_offset (i), the address generator AD_GEN computes a read address AD (1), ..., AD (N) for each propagation path between each base station of the Active Set and the receiver in this way. The samples stored under the addresses AD (1), ..., AD (N) are simultaneously read from the memory RAKE_RAM. As already explained, this means that the memory RAKE_RAM is read out within a chip time period up to 2 × N times (if all rake components RD1, RD2,..., RDN are active and in each case two half chips per chip). Time duration and rake component), so that one sample is available in each chip clock for each rake component RD1, RD2,..., RDN after the interpolator TVI. The size of the memory RAKE_RAM must be chosen so that the samples for all propagation paths of all cells of the Active Set in the memory RAKE_RAM are simultaneously available. That is, the memory RAKE_RAM must have a larger number of memory locations than the maximum value of 2 × actframe_offset (i) when storing half chips (a memory size for 400 chips is sufficient).

The parameters actframe_offset (i) denote only the relative time differences of the different multipath components to each other. These relative times must be based on an absolute time. For this purpose, the relative time specifications are referenced to the CPICH frame start of the reference base station with the parameter frame_offset (0). In this case, the parameters actframe_offset (i) and frame_offset (0) are over the data connection 30.2 transfer. Instead, of course, the relative time indications may be related to an absolute time oriented at the time of transmission of the mobile station. Referencing to an absolute time is necessary since the RAKE_RAM is cyclically filled with receive data based on the absolute time specification, and therefore a relationship between the write pointer and the readout pointer must also be established.

The data connection 30.3 between the DSP and the rake components RD1, RD2, ..., RDN allows programming of the rake components RD1, RD2, ..., RDN by means of offset parameters related to the reference time trigger signal 40 ,

Claims (18)

Mobile radio receiver for the simultaneous demodulation of several signals emitted by different base stations (BS (i)) with different frame time slots ( 100.0 ; 100.1 ), - a digital signal processor (DSP), - a rake demodulator (RK) with several rake fingers (RD1, ..., RDN), - one of the rake fingers (RD1, ..., RDN) of the Rake demodulator (RK) common rake memory (RAKE_RAM) for buffering samples to be processed in the rake fingers (RD1, ..., RDN), - a plurality of hardware blocks (RD1, ..., RDN, AD_GEN, SCR_GEN) for processing the signals, each hardware block (RD1, ..., RDN, AD_GEN, SCR_GEN) having a timing input ( 40 for receiving a reference time trigger signal (t _REF ) and a port for accepting one or more offset parameters (frame_offset (i), start_offset (i), CPICH_DEL (i), actframe_offset (i), frame_offset (0)), which determine a time offset between a desired processing timing of the hardware block and the reference time trigger signal (t _REF ), a single timer (TM_C), which for all hardware blocks (RD1, ..., RDN, RAKE_RAM, AD_GEN, SCR_GEN) generates the common reference time trigger signal (t _REF ) and supplies this to the timing inputs ( 40 ) of the hardware blocks (RD1, RDN, AD_GEN, SCR_GEN), and - one or more data links ( 30 ; 30.1 . 30.2 . 30.3 ), which connect the ports to the digital signal processor (DSP), for programming the hardware blocks (RD1, ..., RDN, AD_GEN, SCR_GEN) with the offset parameters, characterized in that the hardware blocks (RD1, ..., RDN, AD_GEN, SCR_GEN) comprise an address generator (AD_GEN) for generating read addresses for the rake memory (RAKE_RAM), wherein - the offset parameters supplied to the address generator (AD_GEN) (actframe_offset (i), frame_offset (0 )) indicate the delay times of different propagation paths with respect to the reference time trigger signal, and - the read addresses (AD (1), ..., AD (N)) for the samples associated with a propagation path in response to the reference time trigger signal (t _REF ) and the offset parameter associated with this propagation path. pager according to claim 1, characterized in that the hardware blocks (RD1, ..., RDN, AD_GEN, SCR_GEN) also the fingers of the rake demodulator (RK) and code generators (SCR_GEN). Mobile radio receiver according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the reference time trigger signal (t _REF ) the timing of the beginning of the frame ( 100.0 ) of the pilot channel, in particular CPICH, which indicates the first detected base station (BS (0)). Mobile radio receiver according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the reference time trigger signal (t _REF ) at the transmission time is coupled in the mobile receiver. Mobile radio receiver according to one of Claims 2 to 4, characterized by a code generator (SCR_GEN) assigned to a rake finger (RD1, ..., RDN) for generating a spreading code for despreading one in one of the rake fingers (RD1,. .., RDN) processed path component of a signal, wherein - the code generator (SCR_GEN) includes the port for input of offset parameters (frame_offset (i), start_offset (i)) and the timing input, and - for the Rake finger (RD1, RDN) generated at a time, which is dependent on the reference time trigger signal (t _REF ) and the this Rake finger (RD1, ..., RDN) associated offset parameters (frame_offset (i), start_offset (i)). Mobile radio receiver for the simultaneous demodulation of several signals emitted by different base stations (BS (i)) with different frame time slots ( 100.0 ; 100.1 ), - a digital signal processor (DSP), - a plurality of hardware blocks (RD1, ..., RDN, AD_GEN, SCR_GEN) for processing the signals, each hardware block (RD1, ... RDN, AD_GEN , SCR_GEN) a timing input ( 40 for receiving a reference time trigger signal (t _REF ) and a port for accepting one or more offset parameters (frame_offset (i), start_offset (i), CPICH_DEL (i), actframe_offset (i), frame_offset (0)), which determine a time offset between a desired processing timing of the hardware block and the reference time trigger signal (t _REF ), a single timer (TM_C), which for all hardware blocks (RD1, ..., RDN, RAKE_RAM, AD_GEN, SCR_GEN) generates the common reference time trigger signal (t _REF ) and supplies this to the timing inputs ( 40 ) of the hardware blocks (RD1, RDN, AD_GEN, SCR_GEN), and - one or more data links ( 30 ; 30.1 . 30.2 . 30.3 ), which connect the ports to the digital signal processor (DSP), for programming the hardware blocks (RD1, ..., RDN, AD_GEN, SCR_GEN) with the offset parameters, characterized in that the digital signal processor (DSP) designed is, the reference time trigger signal (t _REF ) to the by the timing of the beginning of the frame ( 100.0 ) of the pilot channel of the first detected base station (BS (0)) to determine the time of transmission in the mobile radio receiver and track according to the changes in the transmission time of the mobile radio receiver. pager according to claim 6, characterized in that the hardware blocks (RD1, ..., RDN, AD_GEN, SCR_GEN) the fingers of a rake demodulator (RK) as well as address generators (AD_GEN) and code generators (SCR_GEN) are. A mobile radio receiver according to claim 7, characterized by - a rake memory (RAKE_RAM) common to the rake fingers (RD1, ..., RDN) for buffering samples to be processed in the rake fingers (RD1, ..., RDN), - an address generator (AD_GEN) for generating read addresses for the Rake memory (RAKE_RAM), wherein - the address generator (AD_GEN) comprises the port for input of offset parameters and the timing input, - the offset parameters (actframe_offset (i ), frame_offset (0)) indicate the delay times of different propagation paths with respect to the reference time trigger signal, and - the read addresses (AD (1), ..., AD (N)) for the samples assigned to a propagation path in dependence on the reference time Trigger signal (t _REF ) and the offset path associated with this propagation path are generated. Mobile radio receiver according to one of Claims 7 or 8, characterized by a code generator (SCR_GEN) assigned to a rake finger (RD1, ..., RDN) for generating a spreading code for despreading one in one of the rake fingers (RD1,. .., RDN) processed path component of a signal, wherein - the code generator (SCR_GEN) includes the port for input of offset parameters (frame_offset (i), start_offset (i)) and the timing input, and - for the Rake finger (RD1, ..., RDN) generated at a time which depends on the reference time trigger signal (t _REF ) and the this Rake finger (RD1, ..., RDN) associated offset Parameters (frame_offset (i), start_offset (i)). Method for synchronizing hardware blocks of a mobile radio receiver accommodated in a rake demodulator (RK), which is designed for a simultaneous demodulation of a plurality of signals transmitted by different base stations (BS (i)) with different frame timings, wherein the hardware blocks ( RD1, ..., RDN, AD_GEN, SCR_GEN) perform processing of the signals, comprising the steps of: generating a single, universal reference time trigger signal (t _REF ) for all hardware blocks (RD1, ..., RDN, RAKE_RAM , AD_GEN, SCR_GEN); Programming the hardware blocks (RD1, ..., RDN, RAKE_RAM, AD_GEN, SCR_GEN) with one or more offset parameters (frame_offset (i), start_offset (i), CPICH_DEL (i); actframe_offset (i), frame_offset (0)) which determine a time offset between a desired processing timing of the hardware block and the reference time trigger signal (t _REF ); and - processing the signals in the hardware blocks (RD1, ..., RDN, RAKE_RAM, AD_GEN, SCR_GEN) taking into account the programmed processing timing, characterized in that the offset parameters (actframe_offset (i), frame_offset (0 )) for programming an address generator (AD_GEN) for generating read addresses for a rake memory (RAKE-RAM) for buffering samples to be processed in the rake fingers (RD1, ..., RDN) of the rake demodulator (RK) be used. Method according to Claim 10, characterized by the following steps: - searching for pilot channels, in particular CPICH, of different base stations (BS (i)); - determining the timing of the frame start of the pilot channel of the first detected base station (BS (0)); Generating the reference time trigger signal (t _REF ) in time coincidence with the beginning of the frame of this pilot channel. Method according to Claim 10, characterized by the following steps: - searching for pilot channels, in particular CPICH, of different base stations (BS (i)); - determining the timing of the frame start of the pilot channel of the first detected base station (BS (0)); - generating the reference time trigger signal (t _REF ) coupled to the defined transmission time of the mobile radio receiver; and - tracking the reference time trigger signal according to changes in the transmission timing of the mobile radio receiver. Method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the offset parameter (s) take into account at least one of the following influencing variables: the time offset CPICH_DEL (i) between the reference time trigger signal (t _REF ) and the frame start of the pilot signal (s) of other base stations (BS (i)), - a time difference frame_offset (0) between the frame start of the pilot channel (CPICH_BS (0)), at which the reference time trigger signal (t _REF ) is oriented, and the associated data channel (DPCH_BS (0)), The propagation delay actframe_offset (i) of a path, the time offset frame_offset (i) between the frame timing of a pilot channel (CPICH) and an associated dedicated data channel (DPCH), a time difference start_offset (i) between a desired start time (B_TS) a processing of the hardware block (RD1, ..., RDN, RAKE_RAM, AD_GEN, SCR_GEN) and the frame start of a data channel (DPCH). Method according to claim 13, characterized in that that the offset parameters frame_offset (i), start_offset (i) for programming a Code generator (SCR_GEN) for a rake finger (RD1, ..., RDN) are used. Method for the synchronization of hardware blocks of a mobile radio receiver, which is designed for a simultaneous demodulation of a plurality of signals emitted by different base stations (BS (i)) with different frame timings, wherein the hardware blocks (RD1, ..., RDN, AD_GEN , SCR_GEN) perform processing of the signals, comprising the steps of: generating a single, universal reference time trigger signal (t _REF ) for all hardware blocks (RD1, ..., RDN, RAKE_RAM, AD_GEN, SCR_GEN); Programming the hardware blocks (RD1, ..., RDN, RAKE_RAM, AD_GEN, SCR_GEN) with one or more offset parameters (frame_offset (i), start_offset (i), CPICH_DEL (i), actframe_offset (i), frame_offset (0)) which determine a time offset between a desired processing timing of the hardware block and the reference time trigger signal (t _REF ); and - processing the signals in the hardware blocks (RD1, ..., RDN, RAKE_RAM, AD_GEN, SCR_GEN) taking into account the programmed processing timing, characterized by the following steps: - searching for pilot channels of different base stations (BS (i) ); - determining the timing of the frame start of the pilot channel of the first detected base station (BS (0)); - Generating the reference time trigger signal (t _REF ) coupled to the defined depending on the timing of the beginning of the frame transmission time of the mobile radio receiver; and - tracking the reference time trigger signal according to changes in the transmission timing of the mobile radio receiver. Method according to Claim 15, characterized in that the offset parameter (s) take into account at least one of the following influencing variables: - the time offset CPICH_DEL (i) between the reference time trigger signal (t _REF ) and the frame start of the pilot signal (s) of other base stations (BS (i)), - a time difference frame_offset (0) between the Frame start of the pilot channel (CPICH_BS (0)), on which the reference time trigger signal (t _REF ) is oriented, and the associated data channel (DPCH_BS (0)), - the propagation delay actframe_offset (i) of a path, - the time offset frame_offset (i between the frame timing of a pilot channel (CPICH) and an associated dedicated data channel (DPCH), a time difference start_offset (i) between a desired start time (B_TS) of a processing of the hardware block (RD1, ..., RDN, RAKE_RAM , AD_GEN, SCR_GEN) and the frame start of a data channel (DPCH). Method according to claim 16, characterized in that that the offset parameters frame_offset (i), start_offset (i) for programming a Code generator (SCR_GEN) for a rake finger (RD1, ..., RDN) are used. Method according to claim 16, characterized in that that the offset parameters actframe_offset (i), frame_offset (0) to Programming an address generator (AD_GEN) for a rake finger (RD1, ..., RDN) can be used.