DE10245353B3 - Tool designed as pliers or scissors - Google Patents

Abstract

In the case of tools designed as pliers and scissors, which optimally design the joint connections with regard to smoothness and joint stability and ensure an ergonomically and anatomically optimal, fatigue-free working posture on the handle side of the tools, the rotating and connecting elements are designed as radial roller bearings. DOLLAR A The construction of the outer leg is selected in such a way that different types of pliers and functions can be realized. DOLLAR A The design of the handle side is selected so that the outer leg accommodates the inner leg, an interchangeable grip element in the palm area and an index finger element and slip protection on the inner leg located on the finger side. DOLLAR A In addition to the optimal working posture of the operating hand, the angled design of the tools ensures an excellent view of the tool working area.

Description

The invention relates to a pliers or scissors-designed tool with first and second active elements, which about one or more rotating and connecting elements a pivoting Form a connection. The resulting connection is characterized by highest movement goodness and wear resistance and has high stability against lateral forces on.

In the manufacture of pliers and Scissors are differentiated into different types of joints. The three the most important are the applied, the inserted and the inserted Joint. The term trade is used instead of the term joint Pliers are also common. All types of joints have characteristic peculiarities and each other deviating usage properties, which at the same time clear Differences in manufacturing costs must be assigned.

Basically, the up and down inserted pliers the two flat sides of the trade forming sliding surfaces facing each other and the two pliers parts are usually over rivets, in rare cases via screws, pivotally connected to each other, the rivet or screw axis the pivot point between the hand and the active side of a pair of pliers or scissors represent. The push-through type is particularly noteworthy characterized in that the inserted pliers or scissor legs in the commercial area is enclosed on both sides by the other leg, the pivot pin, the shear and shear forces on two bearing points distributed and thus the life and function of the tools over a long time periods guaranteed.

The quality and the performance characteristics of the respective pliers joint depend on the accuracy of fit of the sliding and guiding surfaces, their surface quality and design, as well as the quality of the joint connection. In addition to the mobility of manually operated pliers or scissors, joint stability is a key quality feature. The main stress on pliers and scissor joints is in forces that act on the one hand perpendicularly and on the other hand transversely to the joint axis, with all combination directions around the pitch circle being conceivable and effective depending on the type of pliers. This combined stress on the pliers and scissor joints inevitably leads to wear in the joint connection and impairs the function of the pliers _{e in} accordance with the progressive wear and deformation.

The disadvantages of open and inlaid trades in terms of movement and wear resistance are known and a large number of technical solutions aim to improve the movement while simultaneously stabilizing the articulation by means of sliding bushes and washers, by combining such functions, paired with a screw connection, pliers or In this way, scissors can be better equipped in terms of their adjustability and their resistance to the shear and transverse forces mentioned. The one in the US Patent 2611288 and the solutions set out in German Patent No. 924434 are to be regarded as examples of solutions with the aim of better joint stability. These and similar solutions try to realize the properties of the third type of joint, the push-through pliers or scissors industry, by means of appropriate modifications. This is primarily aimed at because a push-through trade has the disadvantages described above in terms of movement and joint stability least and thus ensures a long service life of the tools manufactured in this way. Nevertheless, this type of joint also remains imperfect in terms of movement and a high manufacturing and cost expenditure is required to produce good-working pliers. In particular, high-quality pliers with push-through trades must be straightened manually by skilled workers.

A further direction of development for improving the pliers and scissors function, in particular for improving the movement, but also the stability of the joint connection, is described in the German patent DE 2826021 shown. Here, the smoothness of the articulated connection is realized by a solution using an axial roller bearing that can be adjusted via spring washers or a screw connection. The choice of the connecting element as a screw-nut combination ensures good, adjustable movement of the tools manufactured in this way; however, it also shows the relatively high manufacturing and assembly costs and the associated high cost, especially in assembly.

Another general disadvantage is the variety of pliers and scissors. This applies in particular to the standard DIN or ISO standardization for pliers and is particularly evident in the large number of trade diameters, the most varied, often absurd handle lengths and the associated non-optimal balance of power between the manual and the active side of these tools. This disadvantageous situation is further characterized by poor ergonomics which do not correspond to the conditions of the human hand; it is also characterized by the risk of injury from jamming and crushing the working hand due to poor design of the hand on pliers and scissors. The variety of variants also inevitably leads to high tool costs in the manufacture of the necessary forging dies, trimming cuts, milling tools for the lock and commercial area and, last but not least, for the tools for producing the knives mente.

The US Patent 4934222 addresses the problem of an ergonomic hand position in relation to the active site (similar solutions can be observed with water pump pliers). By bending the hand to the active side, the ergonomics of the human hand are taken into account. However, since two different forged blanks are required, such solutions were only implemented in exceptional cases for cost reasons. Another solution to this problem is in the DE 82 35 455 U1 described, whereby the working position of the active site and its function (cutting ribbon cable) determines the angled tool shape. Both solutions do not prevent injuries due to squeezing and pinching the working hand, because the two pliers legs on the hand side can be moved towards each other.

This disadvantage is countered by other solutions in that both pliers or scissor legs have ergonomically shaped handles with anti-slip protection for the working hand (cf. Catalog 115 ERDI 'from Keller & Kalmbach Munich); also the possibility of changing the grips depending on the application of the pliers and scissors, as in the E 299 13 515 U1 is a way to greater handling safety. Nevertheless, the risk of injury remains even with such ultimately open mechanisms of action.

The object of the invention is therefore to develop a tool designed as pliers or scissors, where the joint connection is optimal in terms of movement and joint stability is designed. Furthermore, should on the hand or handle side of the pliers and scissors ergonomically and anatomically optimal, low fatigue Working postures enabled and there should be no risk of injury to the work hand.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by the features listed in claim 1. The subclaims 2 and 3 relate to preferred embodiments of the tool according to the invention.

According to the invention, building on one for all pliers largely the same outer leg various functions for Pliers and scissors realized and on the design of the pliers joints and their kinematic chains optimally different types of pliers be designed. This allows both the classic pliers or scissors with intersecting points of action, as well as other lever gear ratios Pliers or scissors types can be realized at the same time the variety of variants a reinforcement of the hand forces reduced. While a first type of pliers with simple lever transmission for sensitive work is interpreted, the higher lever- Pliers or scissors for Plier functions with higher Power requirement provided at the point of action.

The advantages achieved with the invention consist in particular that through the use of radial roller bearings the juxtaposition or superimposition of the commercial areas excluded is. The arrangement of the radial roller bearings as a rotating and connecting element for fixing the two active elements guarantees a completely free movement to each other and thus achieves the highest possible mobility, which is currently technically possible is. The arrangement of the outer handle leg to the inner handle leg in such a way that these two handle elements when using the pliers or scissors, ensure accident-free work without the risk of jamming or Pinching fingers or hands consists. The angle of the hand side against the active side of the pliers or scissors provides a clear view of the work area and is supported by its associated ergonomic constructive design of the Pliers and scissors are cheap Working posture of the hand without anatomical impairments, resulting in a low fatigue Contributes to work. The interchangeable grip element in the outer grip leg made of different Allow materials paired with different surfaces and / or materials the implementation of handle functions in line with requirements the intended use of the pliers or scissors. The reach from the outside to the inner leg of 48 to 52 mm, based on the average hand, ergonomically optimal and thereby guaranteed maximum direct force transmission into the respective transmission system the pliers or scissors. The related opening widths and effective angle at the effective point of the pliers and scissors are from the chosen one kinematic chain dependent. The index finger element on the inside of the inner handle leg guaranteed about the index finger function a sensitive work. The slip protection below the index finger area of the working hand on the outside of the inner handle leg in connection with the completely homogeneous Design of the outer handle leg serves to ensure that such pliers and scissors right-handed as well without restriction can be used. If there are demands from left- or right-handed after there are differences, then these are about a appropriate design of the active elements realized.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are described in more detail below.

Show it:

• 1 a Zan with knee and gear lever ge with a radial bearing as a pincer joint, an arc-shaped working point and the associated kinematics;
• 2 a pair of pliers with knee and angle lever gears with two radial bearings as a pliers joint, a working point working in parallel and the associated kinematics;
• 3 a simple lever-translated pliers with a radial bearing as a pliers joint;
• 4 Representation of the index finger function and view of the pliers in the open state;
• 5 Representation of the pliers in the end position and thus in the closed state.

In the 1 . 2 and 3 pliers shown comprise a first active element ( 1 ), a second active element ( 2 ) and one or more rotating and connecting elements ( 3 ) (in 2 two rotating and connecting elements are used). These rotating and connecting elements are designed as radial roller bearings. Modified radial deep groove ball bearings are used in the present exemplary embodiments.

In the 1 to 5 The exemplary embodiments presented further comprise an inner (5) and an outer handle leg ( 4 ), which are designed so that the outer handle leg ( 4 ) the inner handle leg ( 5 ) absorbs itself and in particular the inner handle leg ( 5 ) realized a variety of functions. Specifically, these consist of the inner handle leg ( 5 ) with the, accordingly 1 and 2 Forceps with knee and angle lever transmission Coupling functions in the kinematic chain take over that over the index finger element ( 8th ) sensitive work is made possible with all pliers, and that by the arrangement of the slide protection ( 9 ) on the inner handle leg ( 5 ) the pliers are suitable for left- and right-handed use. As a special advantage, it is emphasized that the outer handle leg ( 4 ) for all types of pliers 1 to 3 has the same initial dimensions. This ensures that the same basic structure can be used for a wide range of pliers, which means that tool and manufacturing costs are minimized as early as the development phase. Furthermore, the function of the outer handle leg ( 4 ) with all types of pliers due to the exchangeable handle element ( 7 ), which also contributes to standardizing the range of pliers and at the same time takes on a variety of functional tasks. The interchangeable grip element ( 7 ) is made of different materials depending on the function and the task at hand and includes corresponding different surface designs. Supporting the mode of operation and handling of the pliers by means of an opening spring and locking the pliers in the closed state is possible, but is not shown in the figures.

1 shows a pair of pliers with knee and angle levers with a radial deep groove ball bearing, an arc-shaped working point and the associated kinematic chain. It is clear that in addition to the coupling element ( 6 ) the inner handle leg ( 5 ) also has a coupling function and the two active elements ( 1 ), ( 2 ), are connected via the radial groove ball bearing used.

The second active element ( 2 ) has a bearing journal for the inner ring of the radial deep groove ball bearing in the area of the fulcrum. The first (1) and second active element ( 2 ) via the rotating and connecting element ( 3 ) firmly joined together using a press or adhesive connection. This connection is made in the axial direction of the bearing journal of the second active element ( 2 ), at the lower end of which a ring structure ensures that only the inner ring of the radial deep groove ball bearing rests firmly, while the area of the outer ring and thus the first effective point ( 1 ) can be moved against each other completely without touching and thus freely.

Then the entire assembly is assembled using the laterally protruding outer ring of the rotating and connecting element ( 3 ) in the axis of rotation of the outer half of the handle leg and a clearance provided there for the protruding outer ring of the radial deep groove ball bearing. At the bottom of the franking, a ring structure is also designed so that only the outer ring can be pressed or glued in as far as it will go. The inner ring area remains free for the outer ring, analogous to the pin side. This type of assembly ensures that the storage parameters used are fully utilized in terms of their smooth operation, stability and quality of movement. Then the outer handle leg ( 4 ) or the inner handle leg ( 5 ) fully assembled using the above-mentioned functional elements opening spring and rest position lock. Fixing the coupling element ( 6 ) is done via rivets or screws. The outer (4) or inner handle leg ( 5 ) forming half-shells with the interchangeable grip element forming the grip surface ( 7 ) connected.

2 shows a pair of pliers with two radial deep groove ball bearings, which form the pliers joint for a working point working in parallel with the associated kinematics. In this case, the bearing journal for the two radial deep groove ball bearings and the described ring structure are placed in half shells of the outer handle leg ( 4 ) realized. The first (1) and second active element ( 2 ) are spatially separated from each other by the two bearing points and meet in the effective point to fulfill the respective pliers function. A half-shell of the outer handle leg takes over the peg function for fastening the inner rings and the other half-shell has the franking in the manner described for the outer rings. The coupling element ( 6 ) and the inner handle leg ( 5 ) take over the closing of the kinematic chain again.

3 shows a simply lever-translated pliers with itself in the rotating and connecting element ( 3 ) intersecting first (1) and second active site ( 2 ). Here, too, the other conditions are analogous to the explanations 1 ,

4 shows a pair of pliers in the open state during operation and presents both the index finger function for sensitive work and the possibility of right- and left-handed use (in this case left-handed). It can also be seen that a risk of pinching and crushing is avoided.

5 shows a pair of pliers when closed and is an example of the type of shape selected. It also shows the angle of the hand to the active side and the associated better visibility on the respective forceps working point.

1

first active element

2

second active element

3

rotary and connecting element

4

outer handle leg

5

internal grip legs

6

coupling element

7

replaceable handle element

8th

Forefinger element

9

slip

GW

your fingertips

ÖW

opening width

WW

angle of action

Claims (3)

Tool designed as pliers or scissors with first (1) and second active elements ( 2 ), which are located in one or more rotary and connecting elements designed as radial roller bearings ( 3 ) cross or over this with one or more coupling elements ( 6 ) are connected, a finger-side inner grip leg ( 5 ) and a wrist-side outer grip leg ( 4 ), which the inner handle leg ( 5 ), the outer handle leg. (4) has the shape of an approximately circular arc-shaped segment with an outer radius of 50 to 100 mm or inscriptions in this area and takes an angle from the hand to the active side of about 120 ° and with in the palm area of the outer handle leg ( 4 ) provided interchangeable handle elements ( 7 ), the inner handle leg ( 5 ) to the outer handle leg ( 4 ) has a grip width (GW) of 48 to 52 mm in the closed position and on the inside of the inner handle leg ( 5 ) an index finger element at a distance of 12 to 15 mm ( 8th ) as well as slip protection on the outside below the index finger area of the working hand ( 9 ) is arranged. Tool designed as pliers or scissors, characterized in that as coupling elements ( 6 ) simple levers or knee or angle levers are provided. Tool designed as pliers or scissors, characterized in that the interchangeable handle elements ( 7 ) include material and surface pairings adapted to the function.