DE10243415A1 - Process for the generation of residual compressive stresses in the surface of workpieces - Google Patents
Process for the generation of residual compressive stresses in the surface of workpieces Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE10243415A1 DE10243415A1 DE2002143415 DE10243415A DE10243415A1 DE 10243415 A1 DE10243415 A1 DE 10243415A1 DE 2002143415 DE2002143415 DE 2002143415 DE 10243415 A DE10243415 A DE 10243415A DE 10243415 A1 DE10243415 A1 DE 10243415A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- workpiece
- contact shoe
- contact
- sonotrode
- residual compressive
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B1/00—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes
- B24B1/04—Processes of grinding or polishing; Use of auxiliary equipment in connection with such processes subjecting the grinding or polishing tools, the abrading or polishing medium or work to vibration, e.g. grinding with ultrasonic frequency
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P9/00—Treating or finishing surfaces mechanically, with or without calibrating, primarily to resist wear or impact, e.g. smoothing or roughening turbine blades or bearings; Features of such surfaces not otherwise provided for, their treatment being unspecified
- B23P9/04—Treating or finishing by hammering or applying repeated pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B39/00—Burnishing machines or devices, i.e. requiring pressure members for compacting the surface zone; Accessories therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
- C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
- C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
- F01D5/286—Particular treatment of blades, e.g. to increase durability or resistance against corrosion or erosion
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Milling Processes (AREA)
Abstract
Bei einem Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Druckeigenspannungen in einer Oberfläche (9a) eines Werkstücks (9) wird zur Erzeugung der Druckeigenspannungen die Werkstückoberfläche (9a) zumindest teilweise plastisch verformt. DOLLAR A Die Oberfläche (9a) des Werkstücks (9) wird nach der spanenden Bearbeitung mit einem Kontaktschuh (10) beaufschlagt, der auf einer in axialer Richtung schwingenden Sonotrode (3) befestigt ist. DOLLAR A Die Oberfläche (9a) des Werkstücks (9) wird mit dem Kontaktschuh (10) in den Bereichen abgefahren, in denen eine Druckeigenspannung aufgebracht werden soll. DOLLAR A Durch die Beaufschlagung der Oberfläche durch den Kontaktschuh (10) wird die Oberfläche (9a) des Werkstücks (9) plastisch verformt.In a method for generating residual compressive stresses in a surface (9a) of a workpiece (9), the workpiece surface (9a) is at least partially plastically deformed in order to generate residual compressive stresses. DOLLAR A After machining, the surface (9a) of the workpiece (9) is loaded with a contact shoe (10) which is attached to a sonotrode (3) which vibrates in the axial direction. DOLLAR A The surface (9a) of the workpiece (9) is scanned with the contact shoe (10) in the areas in which a residual pressure is to be applied. DOLLAR A The surface (9a) of the workpiece (9) is plastically deformed by the contact shoe (10).
Description
Technisches Gebiettechnical area
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist ein Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Druckeigenspannungen in der Oberfläche metallischer Werkstücke, beispielsweise Kompressorschaufeln einer Gasturbinenanlage, zur Erhöhung ihrer Oberflächenqualität.The invention relates to a Process for the generation of residual compressive stresses in the surface of metallic Workpieces, for example compressor blades of a gas turbine plant, to increase their Surface quality.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Als derzeit gängige Verfahren zur Druckeigenspannungserzeugung in Metalloberflächen gelten beispielsweise das Kugelstrahlen und das Festwalzen. Beim Kugelstrahlen werden kleine Kugeln, Keramik- oder Sandpartikel mit hoher Geschwindigkeit auf die Oberfläche des Werkstückes aufgebracht, die Oberfläche plastisch verformt und dadurch Oberflächeneigenspannungen erzeugt. Durch die plastische Verformung wird jedoch auch die Oberflächenrauheit erhöht.As the currently common process for generating residual compressive stress in metal surfaces For example, shot peening and deep rolling apply. At the Shot peening involves using small balls, ceramic or sand particles applied at high speed to the surface of the workpiece, the surface plastically deformed and thereby creates residual surface stresses. The plastic deformation, however, also increases the surface roughness elevated.
Bei Verdichtern von Gasturbinen müssen die Verdichterschaufeln bezüglich ihrer Oberflächenqualität und bezüglich ihrer Oberflächeneigenspannungen bestimmte technische Spezifikationen erfüllen.When compressing gas turbines, the compressor blades must in terms of their surface quality and their Surface residual stresses meet certain technical specifications.
Dazu werden die Schaufeln mit einer Oberflächenqualität von N5 – N6 durch Fräsen, beispielsweise durch HSC-Hellfräsen, hergestellt. Anschliessend werden mittels Kugel- und Korundstrahlen die Oberflächendruckspannungen definiert erzeugt. Hierdurch wird die Oberflächenqualität schlechter, sie liegt nach dem Strahlen nur bei N7. Um die spezifizierte Oberflächenqualität von mindestens N4 zu bekommen, müssen dann die Schaufeln schleppgeschliffen werden. Dadurch sind mehrere Schritte nötig, die den Herstellungsprozess der Schaufeln verlängern und dadurch verteuern.To do this, the blades with a Surface quality from N5 - N6 through milling, for example by HSC bright milling, manufactured. Then use shot peening and corundum blasting the surface compressive stresses defined generated. This will make the surface quality worse, it will lag behind blasting only at N7. To the specified surface quality of at least To get N4 then the blades are dragged. This makes several Steps needed which prolong the manufacturing process of the blades and thereby make them more expensive.
Darstellung der Erfindungpresentation the invention
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einem Verfahren zur Erzeugung von Druckeigenspannungen in einer Oberfläche eines Werkstücks der eingangs genannten Art, Werkstücke mit einer definierten Oberflächenqualität und definierten Oberflächeneigenspannungen möglichst effizient und kostengünstig herzustellen.The invention is based on the object a method for generating residual compressive stress in a surface a workpiece of type mentioned, workpieces with a defined surface quality and defined Surface residual stresses preferably efficient and inexpensive manufacture.
Erfindungsgemäss wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des unabhängigen Anspruchs erreicht. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen dieses Verfahrens geben die abhängigen Ansprüche wieder.According to the invention, this object is achieved by Characteristics of the independent Claim reached. Advantageous refinements and developments of this Procedure give the dependent Claims again.
Der Grundgedanke der Erfindung besteht darin,
die
Oberfläche
des Werkstücks
nach der spanenden Bearbeitung mit einem Kontaktschuh zu beaufschlagen,
die
Oberfläche
in jenen Bereichen, in denen eine Druckeigenspannung aufgebracht
werden soll, mit diesem Kontaktschuh abzufahren,
dabei den
Kontaktschuh auf einer in axialer Richtung schwingenden Sonotrode
zu befestigen,
und die Sonotrode Schwingungen im Ultraschallbereich
ausführen
zu lassen.The basic idea of the invention is
to apply a contact shoe to the surface of the workpiece after machining,
to drive the surface in those areas in which a residual pressure is to be applied with this contact shoe,
to fix the contact shoe on a sonotrode vibrating in the axial direction,
and let the sonotrode vibrate in the ultrasonic range.
Die Vorteile der Erfindung sind unter anderem darin zu sehen, dass durch das Abfahren der Werkstückoberfläche mit dem schwingenden Kontaktschuh, welcher wie ein Hammer wirkt, und die dadurch erzielte plastische Verformung der Oberfläche definierte Oberflächenqualitäten und definierte Oberflächeneigenspannungen erzielt werden.The advantages of the invention are below other to see in that by moving the workpiece surface with the swinging contact shoe, which looks like a hammer, and defined the resulting plastic deformation of the surface Surface qualities and defined surface residual stresses be achieved.
Durch die Erfindung können geforderte Oberflächeneigenschaften bezüglich der Druckeigenspannungen und der Oberflächenqualität reproduzierbar hergestellt werden. Die für die Erfindung benötigte Zusatzausstattung ist gegenüber den herkömmlichen Kugelstrahl- und Schleppschleifanlagen weitaus kostengünstiger. Zudem müssen die durch das Kugelstrahlen und das Schleppschleifen erzeugten Abfälle nicht mehr beseitigt werden, wodurch weitere Kosten eingespart werden. Der Vergleich für die Herstellung einer Schaufel mittels des erfindungsgemässen Prozesses mit dem herkömmlichen Kugelstrahl- und Schleppschleifprozess ergibt, dass ca. 90% der Kosten eingespart werden können.The surface properties required by the invention in terms of the compressive residual stresses and the surface quality are reproducibly produced become. The for needed the invention Additional equipment is opposite the conventional Shot peening and drag grinding systems are much cheaper. Also have to the wastes generated by shot peening and drag grinding are not more are eliminated, which saves further costs. The comparison for the production of a blade by means of the process according to the invention with the conventional Shot peening and drag grinding processes show that approx. 90% of the Costs can be saved.
Weiter vorteilhaft ist, dass bei der Herstellung von Schaufeln von Turbomaschinen der Kontaktschuh wie ein Fräswerkzeug in die Maschinenspindel einer Schaufelfräsmaschine durch den Werkzeugwechsler eingewechselt werden kann, und die geforderte Oberflächenspezifikation durch den Ablauf eines computergesteuerten Programmes ähnlich der Helifrästechnologie herstellbar ist. Somit verlässt z. B. eine Verdichterschaufel die Schaufelfräsmaschine absolut einbaufertig und muss nicht mehr, wie bisher, nach dem Kugelstrahlen nochmals einer Oberflächenbehandlung unterzogen werden.It is also advantageous that at the manufacture of blades of turbomachinery contact shoe like a milling tool into the machine spindle of a blade milling machine through the tool changer can be exchanged, and the required surface specification through the execution of a computer-controlled program similar to that Helifrästechnologie can be produced. Thus, e.g. B. a compressor blade, the blade milling machine is absolutely ready for installation and no longer has to, as before, after shot peening a surface treatment be subjected.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungShort description the drawing
Im folgenden werden anhand der Zeichnungen Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung näher erläutert. Gleiche Elemente sind in den verschiedenen Figuren mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.The following are based on the drawings embodiments the invention closer explained. The same elements are the same in the different figures Provide reference numerals.
Es zeigen:Show it:
Es sind nur die für das unmittelbare Verständnis der Erfindung wesentlichen Elemente gezeigt. Nicht dargestellt sind beispielsweise die Steuerung der Fertigungsmaschine sowie die Achsen und die Spindel.It is only for the immediate understanding of the Invention essential elements shown. Not shown for example the control of the production machine and the axes and the spindle.
Weg zur Ausführung der ErfindungWay to execute the invention
In
Die jeweils notwendige Leistungsaufnahme wird über ein
zwischengeschaltetes Wattmeter
Vorteilhafterweise wird für einen
erfolgreichen Verfahrensverlauf das Werkzeug, d.h. der Kontaktschuh
In
Über
einen Bolzen
Zum genau definierten Abfahren der
Werkstückoberfläche
Die Fertigungsmaschine
Das zu bearbeitende Werkstück wird dann mittels Wagen automatisch in der Einspannvorrichtung von Maschine zu Maschine gebracht. Eine solche Maschine kann dann exklusiv für einen Bearbeitungsvorgang, wie z.B. der Oberflächenbehandlung verwendet werden, es können aber auch mehrere Bearbeitungsschritte durch Werkzeugwechsel in der gleichen Maschine vorgenommen werden.The workpiece to be machined is then automatically by means of trolleys in the clamping device of the machine brought to machine. Such a machine can then be used exclusively for one Machining process, e.g. surface treatment are used it can but also several processing steps by changing tools in the same machine.
Der Prozessablauf kann im wesentlichen durch die Variation nachfolgend aufgeführter Parameter beeinflusst werden:
- – Grösse und Form der mit dem Werkstück
9 in Berührung stehenden Fläche A des Kontaktschuhs10 - – Leistungsvermögen der
Ultraschallanlage
1 - – Variation der Amplitude
- - Variation der Vorlast
- – Vorschubgeschwindigkeit
der Sonotrode
3 mit Kontaktschuh10 auf der Werkstückoberfläche9a - – Zeilungsabstand
- - Size and shape of the workpiece
9 contact surface A of the contact shoe10 - - Performance of the ultrasound system
1 - - variation of the amplitude
- - variation of preload
- - Feed rate of the sonotrode
3 with contact shoe10 on the workpiece surface9a - - line spacing
Wird der Kontaktschuh
Mittels dieser Parameter wurden Druckeigenspannungen von 818 MPa, gemessen längs zur Vorschubrichtung, und 530 MPa, gemessen quer zur Vorschub- bzw. Strömungsrichtung, erzielt. Diese Werte liegen weit über dem geforderten Wert von 200 MPa. Die Rauheit der Oberfläche lag auch unter dem geforderten Grenzwert von 0,4 μm.Using these parameters, residual compressive stresses were measured of 818 MPa, measured lengthways to the feed direction, and 530 MPa, measured transversely to the feed or flow direction, achieved. These values are far above the required value of 200 MPa. The roughness of the surface was also below the required limit of 0.4 μm.
Selbstverständlich ist die Erfindung nicht auf das gezeigte und beschriebene Ausführungsbeispiel beschränkt. Der Einsatz der oben beschriebenen Technologie ist z. B. bei der Herstellung von Lagerstellen eines Turbinen- oder Generatoren-Rotors, der Gehäuselagerschale für Hydrostatiklager, usw. anwendbar.Of course, the invention is not limited to the embodiment shown and described. The Use of the technology described above is e.g. B. in the manufacture of bearings in a turbine or generator rotor, the housing bearing shell for hydrostatic bearings, etc. applicable.
- 11
- Ultraschallprozessorultrasonic processor
- 22
- Schallwandlertransducer
- 33
- Sonotrodesonotrode
- 44
- Schwingungsfreier Flanschvibration-free flange
- 55
- Adapteradapter
- 66
- Fertigungsmaschineproduction machine
- 77
- Oszilloskoposcilloscope
- 88th
- WattmeterWatt meter
- 99
- Werkstückworkpiece
- 9a9a
- WerkstückoberflächeWorkpiece surface
- 1010
- KontaktschuhContact Shoe
- 1111
- KraftmessplattformForce platform
- 1212
- Maschinentischmachine table
- 1313
- Präzisionsschraubstockprecision vice
- 1414
- Oszilloskoposcilloscope
- 1515
- Ladungsverstärkercharge amplifier
- 1616
- Bolzenbolt
- R1R1
- Radius quer zur Vorschubrichtungradius transverse to the feed direction
- R2R2
- Radius längs zur Vorschubrichtungradius along to feed direction
- AA
- Mit dem Werkstück in Berührung stehende Fläche des KontaktschuhsWith the workpiece in touch standing area of the contact shoe
- BB
- Breite der mit dem Werkstück in Berührung stehenden Fläche des Konwidth the one with the workpiece in contact area of the con
- taktschuhsDiplomatic shoe
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2002143415 DE10243415A1 (en) | 2002-09-18 | 2002-09-18 | Process for the generation of residual compressive stresses in the surface of workpieces |
PCT/EP2003/050619 WO2004028739A1 (en) | 2002-09-18 | 2003-09-11 | Method and device for creating internal compression stresses within the surface of workpieces |
AU2003299092A AU2003299092A1 (en) | 2002-09-18 | 2003-09-11 | Method and device for creating internal compression stresses within the surface of workpieces |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE2002143415 DE10243415A1 (en) | 2002-09-18 | 2002-09-18 | Process for the generation of residual compressive stresses in the surface of workpieces |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
DE10243415A1 true DE10243415A1 (en) | 2004-04-01 |
Family
ID=31969239
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE2002143415 Withdrawn DE10243415A1 (en) | 2002-09-18 | 2002-09-18 | Process for the generation of residual compressive stresses in the surface of workpieces |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
AU (1) | AU2003299092A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE10243415A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004028739A1 (en) |
Cited By (15)
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WO2006058518A1 (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2006-06-08 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Method and device for hardening the surfaces of components |
WO2007016919A1 (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2007-02-15 | Loecker Christian | Method and device for the technique of cold microforging any freely formed 3-d surfaces |
DE102008002406A1 (en) | 2008-06-12 | 2009-12-17 | Sandvik Gmbh | Cutting tool for metal cutting finishing of metal workpieces, has cutting tooth with cutting edge, where rolling medium is arranged behind cutting edge of cutting tooth according to cutting direction |
DE102009018988A1 (en) | 2009-04-25 | 2010-10-28 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Hardening a surface of a complex thin-walled component with varying cross-section by hardening critical surface area using an ultrasonic vibrator and a tool, comprises delivering high-frequency local mechanical impulse to the component |
DE102009023059A1 (en) * | 2009-05-28 | 2010-12-02 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Repairing a defective surface of an aircraft component, comprises impinging the component with a force in the area of its defective surface using a sonotrode-like hardening tool, which is stimulated in ultrasound frequency range |
DE102009025621A1 (en) * | 2009-06-18 | 2010-12-30 | Daimler Ag | Method for manufacturing of metallic component with hardened upper surface layer, involves hardening upper surface layer by knocking or hammering operation by impact head |
EP2363772A1 (en) | 2010-03-05 | 2011-09-07 | FIDIA S.p.A. | Method for moving a tool of a CNC machine over a surface |
EP2465636A1 (en) * | 2010-12-16 | 2012-06-20 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Method and device for forming a section of a component with a predefined contour |
US8641380B2 (en) | 2004-11-13 | 2014-02-04 | Cummins Turbo Technologies Limited | Compressor wheel |
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DE102008032919B4 (en) | 2008-07-12 | 2018-11-29 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Process for surface hardening a component |
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-
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- 2002-09-18 DE DE2002143415 patent/DE10243415A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2003
- 2003-09-11 AU AU2003299092A patent/AU2003299092A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-09-11 WO PCT/EP2003/050619 patent/WO2004028739A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
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Cited By (22)
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US8641380B2 (en) | 2004-11-13 | 2014-02-04 | Cummins Turbo Technologies Limited | Compressor wheel |
WO2006058518A1 (en) * | 2004-12-02 | 2006-06-08 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | Method and device for hardening the surfaces of components |
WO2007016919A1 (en) * | 2005-08-09 | 2007-02-15 | Loecker Christian | Method and device for the technique of cold microforging any freely formed 3-d surfaces |
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WO2004028739A1 (en) | 2004-04-08 |
AU2003299092A1 (en) | 2004-04-19 |
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