DE1022808B - Process for the production of shaped sintered bodies from powder materials that are difficult to compress - Google Patents

Process for the production of shaped sintered bodies from powder materials that are difficult to compress

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Publication number
DE1022808B
DE1022808B DES37800A DES0037800A DE1022808B DE 1022808 B DE1022808 B DE 1022808B DE S37800 A DES37800 A DE S37800A DE S0037800 A DES0037800 A DE S0037800A DE 1022808 B DE1022808 B DE 1022808B
Authority
DE
Germany
Prior art keywords
production
compress
difficult
sintered bodies
sintering
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
DES37800A
Other languages
German (de)
Inventor
Dipl-Ing Dr Techn Erich Fitzer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Plania Werke AG
Original Assignee
Siemens Plania Werke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Plania Werke AG filed Critical Siemens Plania Werke AG
Publication of DE1022808B publication Critical patent/DE1022808B/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
    • C04B35/58—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides
    • C04B35/58085—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicides
    • C04B35/58092—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on borides, nitrides, i.e. nitrides, oxynitrides, carbonitrides or oxycarbonitrides or silicides based on silicides based on refractory metal silicides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
    • C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
    • C04B38/02—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof by adding chemical blowing agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
    • C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
    • C04B2235/40—Metallic constituents or additives not added as binding phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/60—Aspects relating to the preparation, properties or mechanical treatment of green bodies or pre-forms
    • C04B2235/616—Liquid infiltration of green bodies or pre-forms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
    • C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
    • C04B2235/658—Atmosphere during thermal treatment
    • C04B2235/6582—Hydrogen containing atmosphere

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Description

Verfahren zur Herstellung von geformten Sinterkörpern aus schwer verpreßbaren Pulverwerkstoffen Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von geformten Sinterkörpern aus schwer verpreßbaren Pulverwerkstoffen, wie hochschmelzenden Metallen, Hartstoffen, Metalloxyden oder den Gemischen der genannten Stoffe. Bei der Formgebung und Sinterung derartiger Pulverwerkstoffe entstehen besondere Schwierigkeiten, da das pulverförmige Ausgangsmaterial auch beim Pressen unter hohem Druck siech schwer ausformen läßt und die Preßlinge keine ausreichende Kantenbeständigkeit zeigen. Vor allem verlieren die Preßlinge bei der anschließenden Sinterung die scharfen Kanten, so daß keine maßgerechtem Sinterkörper entstehen.Process for the production of shaped sintered bodies from those which are difficult to compress Powder materials The invention relates to a method for producing shaped Sintered bodies made from powder materials that are difficult to compress, such as refractory metals, Hard materials, metal oxides or mixtures of the substances mentioned. When it comes to shaping and sintering of such powder materials arise because of particular difficulties the powdery raw material is heavy even when pressed under high pressure Can be shaped and the compacts do not show sufficient edge resistance. Above all, the compacts lose the sharp ones during the subsequent sintering Edges, so that no true-to-size sintered bodies are created.

Es ist bekannt, den pulverförmigen Ausgangsstoffen als Bindemittel niedrigschmelzende Metalle zuzumischen, die beim Sintern des Formkörpers ausschmelzen oder verdampfen, so daß ein stark poröser Sinterkörper entsteht, dessen Poren durch Tränken in einer Metallschmelze wieder ausgefüllt werden. Derartige Verfahren sind beispielsweise in den deutschen Patentschriften 767 419 und 73? 34-1 beschrieben.It is known to use powdered starting materials as binders to mix in low-melting metals which melt out during sintering of the shaped body or evaporate, so that a highly porous sintered body is formed, the pores of which through Soaking in a molten metal can be filled again. Such procedures are for example in German patents 767 419 and 73? 34-1.

Bei dem Verfahren nach der Erfindung soll aus schwer verpreßbaren Pulverwerkstoffen die Herstellung von kantenbeständigen Preßlingen ermöglicht werden, die bei der anschließenden Sinterung des Preßlings den gewünschten Sinterkörper ergeben.In the method according to the invention, from difficult to compress Powder materials the production of edge-resistant compacts are made possible, the desired sintered body in the subsequent sintering of the compact result.

Erreicht wird dies nach der Erfindung dadurch, <laß das pulverförmige Ausgangsmaterial beim Pressen und Sintern durch .eine Hilfsform aus einem Metall zusammengehalten wird, das bei der Sin tertemperatur verdampft bzw. schmilzt und gegebenenfalls als Tränkmittel in den Sinterkörper eindringt.This is achieved according to the invention by <leave the powdery Starting material for pressing and sintering by means of an auxiliary form made from a metal is held together, which evaporates or melts at the Sin tert temperature and optionally penetrates into the sintered body as an impregnating agent.

Das erfindungsgemäße Preßverfahren ist nicht nur für die in der Pulvermetallurgie üblichen diskontinuierlichen Preßverfahren unter Verwendung von Matrizen geeignet, sondern darüber hinaus ganz besonders für kontinuierliche Preßverfahren. So ermöglicht z. B. das Strangpreßverfahren hierzu die mannigfaltigsten Variationen zur Erzeugung endloser Formstücke mit verschieden profilierten Oberflächen oder Aussparungen im Innern durch Verwendung entsprechender, ebenfalls, und zwar vorteilhafterweise im gleichen Arbeitsgang strangverpreßter Hüllen und Seelen. Hierzu eignen sich besonders die gut verformbaren Metalle, wie z. B. Blei, Zinn, Alurninium, Kupfer, Silber, Weicheisen u. a.The pressing method according to the invention is not only for those in powder metallurgy conventional discontinuous pressing processes using dies suitable, but also especially for continuous pressing processes. So made possible z. B. the extrusion process for this purpose the most diverse variations for production endless fittings with differently profiled surfaces or recesses in the Inside by using appropriate, also, and advantageously in the same operation of extruded casings and souls. These are particularly suitable the easily deformable metals, such as. B. lead, tin, aluminum, copper, silver, Soft iron, etc.

Ebenfalls das Anwendungsgebiet des `'Walzens als Preßformgebung in der pulvermetallurgischen Erzeugung kann durch die vorliegende Erfindung entscheidend erweitert werden. Es ist bekannt, daß für eine derartige Formgebung nur ganz spezielle Metallpulver geeignet sind. Durch die vorliegende Erfindung gelingt z. B. die Verwalzung der verschiedensten Eisenpulver zu endlosen Bändern, wenn man diese zwischen Blechen aus mitzuwalzenden erfindungsgemäßen Formmetallen durchführt.Also the area of application of '' rolling as compression molding in the powder metallurgical production can be decisive through the present invention be expanded. It is known that for such a shape only very special Metal powder are suitable. The present invention z. B. the rolling of various iron powder into endless ribbons, if you put them between metal sheets carried out from molded metals according to the invention to be rolled.

Endlich können bei der kontinuierlichen Formgebung nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren auch in der Länge begrenzte Formstücke dadurch hergestellt werden, daß in die Metallformen nach den entsprechenden Längen anstatt der Sinterwerkstoffe Zwischenstücke von erfindungsgemäßen Formmetallen eingepreßt werden.Finally, in continuous shaping according to the invention Method also limited in length fittings are produced in that into the metal molds according to the corresponding lengths instead of the sintered materials Intermediate pieces of shaped metals according to the invention are pressed in.

Des weiteren konnte ganz allgemein gefunden werden, daß mit dem Preßverfahren gemäß vorliegender Erfindung das bekannte Tränkverfahren zur Herstellung von heterogenen Sinterwerkstoffen mit einer flüssigen Phase vorteilhaft kombiniert werden kann.Furthermore it could be found quite generally that with the pressing process According to the present invention, the known impregnation process for the production of heterogeneous Sintered materials can be advantageously combined with a liquid phase.

Endlich kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren auch zur Erzeugung von Sinterwerkstoffe:n mit einem definierten Porenvolumen herangezogen werden, indem bei der Sinterung flüchtige Formmetalle in Pulverform dem Preßwerkstoff zugemischt «erden. Derartige Skelettsinterkörper eignen sich z. B. sehr gut als Tränkwerkstoffe zur Aufnahme tiefer schmelzender Legierungen kolloidaler Oxydlösungen, Glasschmelzflüssen usw. Auch können diese z. B. als Trägersubstanz für Katalysatoren oder als großoberflächige -Elektroden usw. Verwendung finden.Finally, the method according to the invention can also be used to produce Sintered materials: n are used with a defined pore volume by During the sintering process, volatile molded metals are mixed into the molding material in powder form "earth. Such skeletal sintered bodies are suitable, for. B. very good as impregnating materials for the absorption of deeply melting alloys, colloidal oxide solutions, glass melt flows etc. Also, these can be, for. B. as a carrier substance for catalysts or as a large surface area -Electrodes, etc. are used.

Folgende Beispiele sollen das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren näher erläutern. Beispiel 1 Ein WSi2 Preßpulver wird in einer profilierten Zinkauskleidung in Stabmatriäen verpreßt. Der Preßling wird mit der formgebenden Znnkausldeidung ausgestoßen und der Vorsinterung bei 1300° C in Wasserstoffatmosphäre zugeführt. Während der schnellen Aufheizung verdampft sofort das Zink, während der profilierte Stab aus WSi. genügend Festigkeit für eine Überführung in die anschließende Hochsinterzone aufweist. Beispiel 2 Ein kombinierter Chromstahl-Alz03-Sinterwerkstoff wird in einer Molvbdänröhre mit einer Molvbdändrahtseele verpreßt; in Wasserstoff und anschließend an Luft gesintert. Das warmfeste Molybdän gestattet eine lang andauernde Sinterung in reduzierender Atmosphäre auch bei höchsten Sintertemperaturen, verdampft jedoch sofort an Luft als Mo 03 und hinterläßt den gut durchgesirnterten Formkörper. Beispiel 3 Elektrolyteisenpulver wird zwischen Kupferblechen zu einem endlosen, beiderseits mit Kupfer plattierten Band verwalzt. Die Sinterung bei steigender Temperatur ergibt ein festgesintertes Eisenband, welches die schmelzenden Kupferplattierungen als Tränkwerkstoff aufnimmt und dadurch erhöhte Korrosionsheständigkeit aufweist.The following examples are intended to explain the process according to the invention in more detail. example 1 A WSi2 press powder is placed in a profiled zinc lining in rod matrices pressed. The compact is ejected with the forming zinc lining and fed to the pre-sintering at 1300 ° C in a hydrogen atmosphere. During the fast Heating immediately vaporizes the zinc, while the profiled rod made of WSi. enough Has strength for a transfer into the subsequent high sintering zone. example 2 A combined chromium steel-Alz03-sintered material is placed in a molybdenum tube pressed with a molybdenum wire core; sintered in hydrogen and then in air. The heat-resistant molybdenum allows long-term sintering in a reducing Atmosphere even at the highest sintering temperatures, but evaporates immediately in air as Mo 03 and leaves behind the well-whispered molded body. Example 3 Electrolyte iron powder becomes an endless one between copper sheets, clad with copper on both sides Rolled ribbon. Sintering with increasing temperature results in a solid Iron strip, which takes up the melting copper cladding as an impregnation material and thereby has increased corrosion resistance.

Beispiel 4 Mosil.-Pulver wird mit 40 Gewichtsprozent Zinkpulver verpreßt und bei 1300'C in Wasserstoffatmosphäre vorgesintert. Das wegdampfende Zink hinterläßt einen porösen, jedoch genügend festen Sinterkörper, welcher ohne Schwierigkeit anschließend hochgesintert werden kann und bei dieser Behandlung die angestrebte Porosität beibehält.Example 4 Mosil powder is pressed with 40 percent by weight zinc powder and pre-sintered at 1300.degree . C. in a hydrogen atmosphere. The zinc that evaporates away leaves behind a porous, but sufficiently strong sintered body, which can then be sintered up without difficulty and which retains the desired porosity during this treatment.

Claims (1)

PATENTANSPRUCH: Verfahren zur Herstellung von geformten Sinterkörpern aus schwer verpreßbaren Pulverwerkstoffen, wie hochschmelzenden Metallen, Hartstoffen, Metalloxyden oder den. Gemischen der genannten Stoffe, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das pulverförmige Ausgangsmaterial beim Pressen und Sintern durch eine Hilfsform aus einem Metall zusammengehalten wird, das bei der Sintertemperatur verdampft bzw. schmilzt und gegebenenfalls als Tränkmittel in den Sinterkörper eindringt. In. Betracht gezogene Druckschriften: Deutsche Patentschriften Nr. 732 344. 767 419.PATENT CLAIM: Process for the production of shaped sintered bodies from powder materials that are difficult to compress, such as high-melting metals, hard materials, metal oxides or the. Mixtures of the substances mentioned, characterized in that the powdery starting material is held together during pressing and sintering by an auxiliary mold made of a metal which evaporates or melts at the sintering temperature and optionally penetrates the sintered body as an impregnating agent. In. Publications considered: German Patent Specifications No. 732 344, 767 419.
DES37800A 1953-02-26 1954-02-23 Process for the production of shaped sintered bodies from powder materials that are difficult to compress Pending DE1022808B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT1022808X 1953-02-26

Publications (1)

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DE1022808B true DE1022808B (en) 1958-01-16

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DES37800A Pending DE1022808B (en) 1953-02-26 1954-02-23 Process for the production of shaped sintered bodies from powder materials that are difficult to compress

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE732344C (en) * 1939-07-11 1943-02-27 Siemens Ag Process for the production of composite bodies
DE767419C (en) * 1941-08-07 1952-09-29 Hartmetallwerkzeugfabrik Meuts Process for the production of sintered metal bodies

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE732344C (en) * 1939-07-11 1943-02-27 Siemens Ag Process for the production of composite bodies
DE767419C (en) * 1941-08-07 1952-09-29 Hartmetallwerkzeugfabrik Meuts Process for the production of sintered metal bodies

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