DE10213003A1 - Micro-mixer used as a component for a chemical reactor comprises a mixing path with feed lines, a removal line, and devices for producing an electrical field in the region of directional changes - Google Patents
Micro-mixer used as a component for a chemical reactor comprises a mixing path with feed lines, a removal line, and devices for producing an electrical field in the region of directional changesInfo
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- DE10213003A1 DE10213003A1 DE10213003A DE10213003A DE10213003A1 DE 10213003 A1 DE10213003 A1 DE 10213003A1 DE 10213003 A DE10213003 A DE 10213003A DE 10213003 A DE10213003 A DE 10213003A DE 10213003 A1 DE10213003 A1 DE 10213003A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/0093—Microreactors, e.g. miniaturised or microfabricated reactors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
- B01F25/4319—Tubular elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/431—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor
- B01F25/43197—Straight mixing tubes with baffles or obstructions that do not cause substantial pressure drop; Baffles therefor characterised by the mounting of the baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/431971—Mounted on the wall
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
- B01F25/40—Static mixers
- B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
- B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
- B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles
- B01F25/4331—Mixers with bended, curved, coiled, wounded mixing tubes or comprising elements for bending the flow
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F33/00—Other mixers; Mixing plants; Combinations of mixers
- B01F33/30—Micromixers
- B01F33/3031—Micromixers using electro-hydrodynamic [EHD] or electro-kinetic [EKI] phenomena to mix or move the fluids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F2215/00—Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
- B01F2215/04—Technical information in relation with mixing
- B01F2215/0413—Numerical information
- B01F2215/0418—Geometrical information
- B01F2215/0431—Numerical size values, e.g. diameter of a hole or conduit, area, volume, length, width, or ratios thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F2215/00—Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
- B01F2215/04—Technical information in relation with mixing
- B01F2215/0413—Numerical information
- B01F2215/0436—Operational information
- B01F2215/0445—Numerical electrical values, e.g. intensity, voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F2215/00—Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
- B01F2215/04—Technical information in relation with mixing
- B01F2215/0413—Numerical information
- B01F2215/0436—Operational information
- B01F2215/0454—Numerical frequency values
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F2215/00—Auxiliary or complementary information in relation with mixing
- B01F2215/04—Technical information in relation with mixing
- B01F2215/0413—Numerical information
- B01F2215/0436—Operational information
- B01F2215/0459—Numerical values of dimensionless numbers, i.e. Re, Pr, Nu, transfer coefficients
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/00889—Mixing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/00781—Aspects relating to microreactors
- B01J2219/00925—Irradiation
- B01J2219/0093—Electric or magnetic energy
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Mikromischer für Flüssigkeiten und ein Verfahren zum Mischen von Flüssigkeiten. The invention relates to a micromixer for liquids and a method for mixing of liquids.
Die Vermischung von zwei oder mehreren Flüssigkeiten vollzieht sich in zwei Schritten. Zuerst wird durch eine geeignete Strömung die Austauschfläche zwischen den Flüssigkeiten vergrößert; danach wird die Vermischung durch Diffusion auf molekularer Längenskala vollendet. Dabei wird die Diffusion durch die große Austauschfläche sehr effizient, so daß der Mischvorgang schnell abgeschlossen wird. The mixing of two or more liquids takes place in two steps. First, through an appropriate flow, the exchange surface between the liquids increased; thereafter the mixing is carried out by diffusion on a molecular length scale completed. The diffusion through the large exchange area is very efficient, so that the Mixing process is completed quickly.
In makroskopischen Mischern wird die Vergrößerung der Austauschfläche durch Turbulenz oder durch mechanische Rührwerke realisiert. Mikroströmungen hingegen sind in der Regel laminar. Deshalb ist die Vergrößerung der Austauschfläche nicht durch Turbulenz zu erreichen. Mechanische Rühranlagen mit beweglichen Teilen sind in Mikromischern kaum realisierbar. Die Vergrößerung der Austauschfläche stellt sich in Mikromischern deshalb besonders schwierig dar. In macroscopic mixers, the exchange area is enlarged by turbulence or realized by mechanical agitators. Micro currents, however, are usually laminar. Therefore, the increase in the exchange area is not due to turbulence to reach. Mechanical agitators with moving parts are rare in micromixers realizable. The enlargement of the exchange area therefore arises in micromixers particularly difficult.
Aus der DE 197 28 520 A1 ist ein Mikromischer mit Perlen bekannt. Dieser beruht auf einem extern angelegten magnetischen Feld, welches kleine magnetisierbare Perlen innerhalb einer Mischkammer in Bewegung versetzt und so durch mechanisches Rühren die Austauschfläche zwischen den zu mischenden Flüssigkeiten vergrößert. DE 197 28 520 A1 discloses a micromixer with beads. This is based on one externally applied magnetic field, which contains small magnetizable pearls within a Mixing chamber set in motion and the exchange surface by mechanical stirring between the liquids to be mixed enlarged.
Mikromischer mit Perlen erfordern das Einbringen bewegter mechanischer Teile sowie eine zugehörige Mischkammer und ein extern angelegtes magnetisches Feld. Das Einbringen der Perlen ist zum einen aufwendig und zum anderen sind die bewegten Teile störanfällig durch Verkleben oder Verstopfen der Austrittskanäle. Das zusätzliche Totvolumen der Mischkammer ist unerwünscht und bedingt erhöhte Kosten bei teuren Flüssigkeiten. Micromixers with beads require the introduction of moving mechanical parts and one associated mixing chamber and an externally applied magnetic field. Introducing the Beading is complex on the one hand and on the other hand the moving parts are prone to failure Glue or blockage of the outlet channels. The additional dead volume of the Mixing chamber is undesirable and entails increased costs for expensive liquids.
Des weiteren sind aus der DE 199 27 554 A1 und der DE 199 27 556 A1 Mikromischer nach dem Prinzip der Multilamination bekannt. Dieses Prinzip beruht auf dem Aufspalten der Flüssigkeitsströme in dünne Lamellen und der alternierenden Zusammenführung von Lamellen unterschiedlicher Flüssigkeit. So wird die Austauschfläche zwischen den zu mischenden Flüssigkeiten vergrößert. Multilaminations-Mischer bedingen in der Regel eine komplexe Flüssigkeitsführung und damit aufwendige, dreidimensionale Strukturen durch die Kanäle. Dies hat hohe Fertigungskosten und aufwendige Fertigungsverfahren zur Folge. Furthermore, DE 199 27 554 A1 and DE 199 27 556 A1 are micromixers according to known the principle of multilamination. This principle is based on splitting the Liquid flows in thin slats and the alternating merging of slats different liquid. So the exchange area between the ones to be mixed Liquids enlarged. Multi-lamination mixers usually require a complex one Liquid flow and thus complex, three-dimensional structures through the channels. This has high manufacturing costs and complex manufacturing processes.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, einen Mikromischer für Flüssigkeiten mit geringem Tot-Volumen und einfachem Aufbau und Verfahren zum Mischen von Flüssigkeiten bei geringem Tot- Volumen bereitzustellen. The object of the invention is to provide a micromixer for liquids with low Dead volume and simple structure and method for mixing liquids with low dead To provide volume.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe durch die Merkmale der Patentansprüche 1 und 6, der Anspruch 11 nennt eine vorteilhafte Anwendung der Mikromischer. This object is achieved by the features of claims 1 and 6, the claim 11 mentions an advantageous application of the micromixers.
Die Unteransprüche beschreiben vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung. The subclaims describe advantageous embodiments of the invention.
Aufgrund fehlender Turbulenz und fehlender mechanischer Rühranlage muss eine geeignete Strömung zur Vergrößerung der Austauschfläche in Mikromischern von außen erzwungen werden. Dazu werden in der vorliegenden Erfindung die elektrischen Doppelschichten (EDL) zwischen Flüssigkeit und Wand ausgenutzt. In dünnen Schichten unmittelbar an der Wand ist die Flüssigkeit elektrisch nicht neutral, so dass angelegte elektrische Felder Kräfte auf die Flüssigkeitsschichten in Wandnähe bewirken. Eine optimale Strömung zur Vergrößerung der Austauschfläche entsteht, wenn die elektrischen Kräfte (und damit das angelegte elektrische Feld) zeitlich periodisch auftreten und normal zur Hauptströmung orientiert sind. Die Frequenz des angelegten elektrischen Feldes besitzt ein Optimum, wenn es mit der inneren Zeitskala der Strömung in Resonanz ist. Die normale Orientierung der elektrischen Kräfte zur Hauptströmung wird an Wänden erhalten, die normal zur Hauptströmung stehen. Demnach ist entweder eine Auffaltung des Kanals oder ein Kanaleinbau geeignet, solche Kräfte zu erhalten. Die mehrfache Auffaltung des Kanals oder das mehrfache Einbringen von Kanaleinbauten kann bei Beachtung der inneren Längenskala der Strömung ebenfalls optimiert werden. Zusammenfassend erzeugt somit das normal oszillierende, elektrische Feld eine Sekundärströmung, die bei Optimierung der Parameter eine sehr effiziente Vergrößerung der Austauschfläche bewirkt. Damit kann nach Wirkung der Diffusion eine sehr effiziente Vermischung erhalten werden. Ein weiteres wichtiges Merkmal der vorliegenden Erfindung ist die Möglichkeit, die Intensität der Vermischung durch die Stärke des angelegten elektrischen Feldes zu steuern. Due to the lack of turbulence and the lack of a mechanical stirrer, a suitable one Flow forced to enlarge the exchange area in micromixers from the outside become. For this purpose, in the present invention, the electrical double layers (EDL) exploited between liquid and wall. In thin layers is directly on the wall the liquid is not electrically neutral, so that applied electrical fields exert forces on the Effect layers of liquid near the wall. An optimal flow to enlarge the Exchange surface arises when the electrical forces (and thus the applied electrical Field) occur periodically in time and are oriented normally to the main flow. The Frequency of the applied electric field has an optimum when it is with the inner Time scale of the flow is in resonance. The normal orientation of the electrical forces Main flow is obtained on walls that are normal to the main flow. So is either an unfolding of the channel or a channel installation suitable to such forces receive. The multiple unfolding of the channel or the multiple introduction of Duct installations can also be optimized if the internal length scale of the flow is taken into account. In summary, the normal oscillating electric field creates one Secondary flow, which is a very efficient enlargement of the parameters when the parameters are optimized Exchange area causes. This can be a very efficient after the effect of diffusion Mixing can be obtained. Another important feature of the present invention is that Possibility of mixing intensity by the strength of the applied electrical To control the field.
Ein besonderer Vorteil besteht darin, dass das Funktionsprinzip keine bewegten Teile, kein zusätzliches Tot-Volumen und keine komplexe Flüssigkeitsführung benötigt. Damit wird ein einfacher, ebener Aufbau der Kanäle möglich, verbunden mit kostengünstiger (Massen-)Fertigung beispielsweise durch Heißprägen in Kunststoff. Das elektrische Feld kann entweder durch eine äußere Kapazität oder durch Integration der Kapazität in den Kunststoff erzeugt werden. Die Stärke des elektrischen Feldes erlaubt es zusätzlich, die Intensität der Vermischung zu steuern. A particular advantage is that the principle of operation is no moving parts, no additional dead volume and no complex fluid flow required. So that becomes a simple, level construction of the channels possible, combined with less expensive (Mass) production, for example by hot stamping in plastic. The electric field can either generated by an external capacity or by integration of the capacity in the plastic become. The strength of the electric field also allows the intensity of the Control mixing.
Aufgrund der geringen Tot-Volumina eignen sich die Mikromischer auch als Komponenten für Mikroreaktoren für Reaktionen bei denen geringe Mengen umgesetzt werden, wie in der Mikrobiologie, der Gentechnik, der Pharmakologie oder bei Mikroreaktionen in der Chemie. Due to the low dead volume, the micromixers are also suitable as components for microreactors for reactions in which small amounts are converted, as in the Microbiology, genetic engineering, pharmacology or micro reactions in chemistry.
Die Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand zweier Ausführungsbeispiele mit Hilfe der Figuren näher erläutert. The invention is explained below using two exemplary embodiments with the aid of the figures explained in more detail.
Dabei zeigt die Fig. 1 das Schema einer Mischanordnung mit zwei Zuleitungen und die Fig. 2 bis 7 zeigen drei Mikromischstrecken mit Mischeffekt, mit und ohne elektrisches Feld. Die Fig. 1 zeigt links die beiden Zuleitungen 1 und 2, die zusammen in die Mischstrecke 3 münden. Die Pfeile symbolisieren die Strömungsrichtung. Der zylindrische Einbau 4 steht senkrecht zur Zeichenebene. Der Querschnitt des Einbaus 4 kann beliebige Formen annehmen. The Figure 1. 2 shows a diagram of a mixing arrangement with two feed lines and the Fig. To 7 show three micro mixing sections with mixing effect, with and without the electric field. Fig. 1 shows the left two feed lines 1 and 2, which open together in the mixing section 3. The arrows symbolize the direction of flow. The cylindrical installation 4 is perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. The cross section of the installation 4 can take any shape.
Die Kondensatorplatten 5 dienen dem Anlegen eines elektrischen Wechselfeldes, dessen Richtung in diesem Fall senkrecht zur Hauptströmungsrichtung steht. The capacitor plates 5 serve to apply an alternating electrical field, the direction of which is perpendicular to the main flow direction in this case.
Ausführungsbeispiel gefalteter Mischkanal mit folgenden Parametern:
Volumenstrom dV/dt = 100 nl/s
mittlere Geschwindigkeit u0 = 0.01 m/s
Kanalweite d0 = 100 µm
wässrige Lösungen, Kunststoff-Chip
Erregungsfrequenz f = 10 Hz
Feldstärke ≙ = 20 V/mm
Exemplary folded mixing channel with the following parameters:
Volume flow dV / dt = 100 nl / s
average speed u 0 = 0.01 m / s
Channel width d 0 = 100 µm
aqueous solutions, plastic chip
Excitation frequency f = 10 Hz
Field strength ≙ = 20 V / mm
Durch Auffaltung eines gestreckten Kanals mit 2 zu mischenden, geschichteten Flüssigkeitsströmen kann durch Anlegen eines vertikalen elektrischen Wechselfeldes eine entscheidende Verbesserung der Vermischung erzielt werden. Dies wird aus einem Vergleich der Konzentrationsfelder mit und ohne elektrisches Wechselfeld deutlich: An Wänden, welche vertikal und somit parallel zum elektrischen Feld stehen, werden durch elektrische Kräfte wandnahe Flüssigkeitsschichten periodisch in den Kern der Strömung transportiert. Dadurch wird die Grenzfläche zwischen den Flüssigkeiten stark verzerrt, verlängert und aufgefaltet. Infolge der Verlängerung und Auffaltung der Grenzflächen erhöht sich die Diffusionsfläche zwischen den Flüssigkeiten, was die Durchmischung deutlich verbessert. By unfolding a stretched channel with 2 layers to be mixed Liquid flows can be crucial by applying a vertical alternating electrical field Improvement in mixing can be achieved. This is from a comparison of the Concentration fields with and without alternating electrical fields clearly: on walls, which are vertical and thus parallel to the electric field, become close to the wall due to electrical forces Liquid layers are transported periodically into the core of the flow. This will make the Interface between the liquids severely distorted, extended and unfolded. As a result of Lengthening and unfolding the interfaces increases the diffusion area between the Liquids, which significantly improves the mixing.
Die Fig. 2 zeigt eine Mischstrecke mit zwei rechtwinkligen Umlenkungen ohne elektrisches Feld. Die beiden Teilströme laufen ohne größere Vermischung neben einander her. An der Grenzfläche zwischen den beiden Teilströmen findet durch Diffusion eine geringe Durchmischung statt. Bei Fig. 3 ist ein Feld im Bereich der Umlenkungen angelegt. Die Elektroden sind hier und bei den folgenden Figuren nicht dargestellt. Die Vermischung ist hier nur geringfügig verbessert. Fig. 2 shows a mixing section with two rectangular bends with no electric field. The two partial streams run side by side without any major mixing. At the interface between the two partial flows, there is little mixing by diffusion. In Fig. 3 a field is applied in the range of deflections. The electrodes are not shown here or in the following figures. Mixing is only slightly improved here.
Bei den Fig. 4 und 5, jeweils ohne und mit Feld wird die Durchmischung durch das elektrische Wechselfeld nahezu optimal. Die Mischstrecken sind hier eckig realisiert. Ein Verlauf mit unterschiedlichen endlichen Krümmungsradien anstelle der Ecken ist möglich. In Figs. 4 and 5, respectively without and with the mixing box by the alternating electric field is nearly optimal. The mixing sections are square here. A course with different finite radii of curvature instead of the corners is possible.
Ausführungsbeispiel Mischkanal mit Einbauten mit folgenden Parametern:
Volumenstrom dV/dt = 100 nl/s
mittlere Geschwindigkeit u0 = 0.01 m/s
Kanalweite d0 = 100 µm
Zylinderdurchmesser dZyl ≍ 7.5 µm
wässrige Lösungen, Kunststoff-Chip
Erregungsfrequenz f = 10 Hz
Feldstärke ≙ = 50 V/mm
Embodiment mixing channel with internals with the following parameters:
Volume flow dV / dt = 100 nl / s
average speed u 0 = 0.01 m / s
Channel width d 0 = 100 µm
Cylinder diameter d cyl ≍ 7.5 µm
aqueous solutions, plastic chip
Excitation frequency f = 10 Hz
Field strength ≙ = 50 V / mm
Anhand des Beispiels eines Zylinders wird die Wirkungsweise bei vorhandenen Einbauten verdeutlicht. Durch Anlegen eines vertikalen Wechselfeldes wird die Vermischung der geschichtet strömenden, zu mischenden Flüssigkeiten deutlich verbessert (vgl. Konzentrationsfeld). In unmittelbarer Wandnähe des Zylinders werden die Flüssigkeiten jeweils durch die periodischen elektrischen Kräfte wechselseitig vertikal in die Umströmung getrieben. Diese Flüssigkeitsstrahlen, welche durch die Hauptströmung zu Wirbeln aufgerollt werden, lösen vom Zylinder ab und werden mit der Hauptströmung stromab geschwemmt. Durch diese Vorgänge faltet sich die Grenzfläche zwischen den Flüssigkeiten stark auf und wird verlängert. Dadurch wird die Effizienz der Diffusion wesentlich gesteigert. Als Einbau kann neben dem Zylinder auch jede andere Form verwendet werden. Using the example of a cylinder, the mode of operation with existing internals clarified. By applying a vertical alternating field, the mixing of the layered liquids to be mixed are significantly improved (cf. Concentration field). In the immediate vicinity of the wall of the cylinder, the liquids are periodic electrical forces alternately driven vertically into the flow. This Dissolve liquid jets that are rolled up into vortices by the main flow from the cylinder and are washed downstream with the main flow. Through this Processes, the interface between the liquids unfolds strongly and is lengthened. This significantly increases the efficiency of diffusion. In addition to the Cylinders can also be used in any other shape.
Die Fig. 6 und 7 zeigen eine gerade verlaufende Mischstrecke 3 mit eingebautem Zylinder 4, ohne Feld und bei angelegtem elektrischen Wechselfeld. Die Durchmischung bei Fig. 7 ist nahezu vollständig. Ohne elektrisches Wechselfeld findet wie bei Fig. 2 und 4 kaum Durchmischung statt. FIGS. 6 and 7 show a straight-running mixing section 3 with a built-in cylinder 4 without field and with an applied alternating electric field. The mixing in Fig. 7 is almost complete. As in FIGS. 2 and 4, there is hardly any mixing without an alternating electrical field.
Die Realisierung eines Mischkanals mit Einbauten wird in der Praxis nicht auf einzelne und kreisrunde Einbauten beschränkt werden. Vielmehr verbessern mehrere, größere Einbauten in Resonanzabstand bei allgemeiner Form die Vermischung weiter und stellen gleichzeitig eine einfache, billige Fertigung sicher. In practice, the implementation of a mixed duct with internals is not restricted to individual and circular internals can be limited. Rather, several, larger internals improve Resonance distance with general form the mixing further and at the same time provide one simple, cheap manufacturing safe.
Folgende Parameterbereiche sind möglich:
Reynolds-Zahl Re = u0d0/ν = 0.05 ÷ 50
Debye-Länge lD = 0.1 ÷ 1 µm
Geschwindigkeiten u0 = 0.001 ÷ 0.1 m/s
elektrische Feldstärke ≙ = 1 ÷ 1000 V/mm
geometrische Abmessungen d0 = 50 ÷ 500 µm
geometrische Winkel für querstehende Wände α = 30 = 150°
externe Anregungsfrequenz ω = 0.2 Hz = 20 Hz
The following parameter ranges are possible:
Reynolds number Re = u 0 d 0 / ν = 0.05 ÷ 50
Debye length l D = 0.1 ÷ 1 µm
Speeds u 0 = 0.001 ÷ 0.1 m / s
electric field strength ≙ = 1 ÷ 1000 V / mm
geometric dimensions d 0 = 50 ÷ 500 µm
geometric angles for transverse walls α = 30 = 150 °
external excitation frequency ω = 0.2 Hz = 20 Hz
Folgende Materialien sind möglich:
Kanal aus Kunststoff (elektrisch nichtleitend!), Flüssigkeit beliebig wenn sich nur eine
elektrische Doppelschicht ausbildet (z. B. Wasser, wäßrige Lösungen, Salzlösungen, Alkohole,
organische Flüssigkeiten)
Anwendungsbeispiele sind: Herstellung von chemischen Substanzen (Mikroreaktoren),
biologische und chemische Analytik (Protein-Analyse, DNA-Analyse: "Sanger sequencing",
"polymerase-assisted amplification", "restriction endonuclease digestion"), "high-throughput
screening"
The following materials are possible:
Channel made of plastic (electrically non-conductive!), Any liquid if only an electrical double layer is formed (e.g. water, aqueous solutions, salt solutions, alcohols, organic liquids)
Examples of application are: production of chemical substances (microreactors), biological and chemical analysis (protein analysis, DNA analysis: "Sanger sequencing", "polymerase-assisted amplification", "restriction endonuclease digestion"), "high-throughput screening"
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DE10213003A DE10213003B4 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2002-03-22 | Micromixer and method for mixing at least two liquids and using micromixers |
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DE10213003A DE10213003B4 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2002-03-22 | Micromixer and method for mixing at least two liquids and using micromixers |
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DE10213003A1 true DE10213003A1 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
DE10213003B4 DE10213003B4 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005075062A1 (en) * | 2004-01-29 | 2005-08-18 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Mixing of fluids |
EP1652575A2 (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2006-05-03 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method of mixing fluids and mixing apparatus adopting the same |
WO2007031615A1 (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2007-03-22 | Rhodia Operations | Microfluidic flow device having at least one connecting channel linking two channels and corresponding method for using same |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102007013932A1 (en) | 2007-03-23 | 2008-09-25 | Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh | Mixer for two or more liquids, for use in microfluid apparatus for chemical and biochemical analysis, comprises at least three linked T-mixer units, periodic pressure-driven or electroosmotic flow being imposed on basic flow through mixer |
DE102012210712A1 (en) | 2012-06-25 | 2014-01-02 | Carl Zeiss Smt Gmbh | Method and cooling system for cooling an optical element for EUV applications |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19728520A1 (en) * | 1997-07-04 | 1999-01-07 | Imb Inst Fuer Molekulare Biote | Switchable dynamic micromixer with minimal dead volume |
DE19927556C2 (en) * | 1999-06-16 | 2003-05-08 | Inst Mikrotechnik Mainz Gmbh | Static micromixer and method for statically mixing two or more starting materials |
DE19927554C2 (en) * | 1999-06-16 | 2002-12-19 | Inst Mikrotechnik Mainz Gmbh | micromixer |
-
2002
- 2002-03-22 DE DE10213003A patent/DE10213003B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
ODDY, M.H., SANTIAGO, J.G., MIKKELSEN, J.C.: Electrokinetic Instability Micromixing. In: Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 73, No. 24, S. 5822-5832 * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005075062A1 (en) * | 2004-01-29 | 2005-08-18 | Agilent Technologies, Inc. | Mixing of fluids |
EP1652575A2 (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2006-05-03 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method of mixing fluids and mixing apparatus adopting the same |
EP1652575A3 (en) * | 2004-10-28 | 2006-06-07 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method of mixing fluids and mixing apparatus adopting the same |
US7927552B2 (en) | 2004-10-28 | 2011-04-19 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Method of mixing fluids and mixing apparatus adopting the same |
WO2007031615A1 (en) * | 2005-09-09 | 2007-03-22 | Rhodia Operations | Microfluidic flow device having at least one connecting channel linking two channels and corresponding method for using same |
Also Published As
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DE10213003B4 (en) | 2006-08-03 |
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