DE10204982A1 - Hybrid drive for motor vehicles has an internal combustion engine linked to a gearbox via a clutch and first/second electric motors acting as drives/generators linked to the engine and gearbox - Google Patents
Hybrid drive for motor vehicles has an internal combustion engine linked to a gearbox via a clutch and first/second electric motors acting as drives/generators linked to the engine and gearboxInfo
- Publication number
- DE10204982A1 DE10204982A1 DE10204982A DE10204982A DE10204982A1 DE 10204982 A1 DE10204982 A1 DE 10204982A1 DE 10204982 A DE10204982 A DE 10204982A DE 10204982 A DE10204982 A DE 10204982A DE 10204982 A1 DE10204982 A1 DE 10204982A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- clutch
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- hybrid drive
- torque
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 30
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010705 motor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
- B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
- B60K6/44—Series-parallel type
- B60K6/442—Series-parallel switching type
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
- B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
- B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
- B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W30/00—Purposes of road vehicle drive control systems not related to the control of a particular sub-unit, e.g. of systems using conjoint control of vehicle sub-units
- B60W30/18—Propelling the vehicle
- B60W30/18009—Propelling the vehicle related to particular drive situations
- B60W30/18027—Drive off, accelerating from standstill
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2510/02—Clutches
- B60W2510/0291—Clutch temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2540/00—Input parameters relating to occupants
- B60W2540/10—Accelerator pedal position
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
- B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
- B60W2710/02—Clutches
- B60W2710/021—Clutch engagement state
- B60W2710/023—Clutch engagement rate
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Hybridantrieb für Kraftfahrzeuge mit einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine, die über eine Kupplung mit einem Fahrzeuggetriebe verbundenen ist, einer ersten und einer zweiten als Antriebe und/oder als Generatoren wirkende elektrische Maschinen, wobei die erste elektrische Maschine mit der Verbrennungskraftmaschine und die zweite elektrische Maschine mit dem Fahrzeuggetriebe verbunden ist. The invention relates to a hybrid drive for motor vehicles with an internal combustion engine, which has a clutch with a vehicle transmission is connected, a first and a second acting as drives and / or as generators electric machines, with the first electric machine with the internal combustion engine and the second electric Machine is connected to the vehicle transmission.
Es ist bereits ein Antriebssystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug sowie ein Verfahren zum Betreiben desselben aus der DE 198 14 402 A1 bekannt. Das Antriebssystem weist einen Verbrennungsmotor und zwei elektrische Maschinen, zwischen Motor und Kupplung und zwischen Kupplung und Getriebe auf. Anfangs wird das Fahrzeug durch die elektrische Maschine beschleunigt. Der Verbrennungsmotor wird währenddessen gestartet und übernimmt darauffolgend den Antrieb des Fahrzeugs. Ein ruckartiges Ankuppeln des Verbrennungsmotors wird dadurch vermieden, daß der Verbrennungsmotor mitgeschleppt und bei Synchrondrehzahl mit dem Getriebe gekoppelt wird. It is already a drive system for a motor vehicle as well a method for operating the same from DE 198 14 402 A1 known. The drive system has an internal combustion engine and two electric machines, between engine and clutch and between the clutch and the transmission. Initially the vehicle will be accelerated by the electric machine. Of the Internal combustion engine is started and takes over subsequently the drive of the vehicle. A jerky one Coupling of the internal combustion engine is thereby avoided that the internal combustion engine dragged along and at synchronous speed is coupled with the transmission.
Bei Fahrzeugen mit einem Antrieb dieser Hybridart befindet sich eine elektrische Maschine auf der Kurbelwelle und eine weitere auf der Getriebeeingangswelle. Das Getriebe ist als Automatikgetriebe ausgebildet, wobei kein Drehmomentwandler vorgesehen ist. Zwischen beiden elektrischen Maschinen ist eine schaltbare Reibkupplung vorgesehen. Das Antriebsmoment für das Fahrzeug wird entweder durch die elektrischen Maschinen und/oder durch den Verbrennungsmotor generiert. Beim Anfahren bzw. bei sehr kleinen Drehzahlen ist der Verbrennungsmotor durch die Kupplung entkoppelt - ansonsten ist er dem Kraftfluß zugeschaltet (Parallelhybrid). Der Kraftfluß bzw. die Zuschaltung erfolgt hierbei auch mittelbar, indem der Verbrennungsmotor bei getrennter Kupplung die erste elektrische Maschine als Generator betreibt und Strom für die zweite elektrischen Maschine generiert (Mischhybrid). For vehicles with a drive of this hybrid type is an electric machine on the crankshaft and another on the transmission input shaft. The transmission is as Automatic transmission is formed, with no torque converter is provided. Between both electric machines is one switchable friction clutch provided. The drive torque for the Vehicle is powered either by the electric machines and / or generated by the internal combustion engine. When starting up or at very low speeds is the internal combustion engine decoupled by the clutch - otherwise it is the power flow switched on (parallel hybrid). The power flow or the Switching takes place here also indirectly, by the Internal combustion engine with separate clutch the first electrical Machine operates as a generator and electricity for the second electric machine generated (mixed hybrid).
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Hybridantrieb derart auszubilden und anzuordnen, daß ein optimales Anfahrmoment gewährleistet ist. The invention is based on the object, a hybrid drive such form and arrange that an optimal Starting torque is guaranteed.
Gelöst wird die Aufgabe erfindungsgemäß dadurch, daß die Kupplung als Trockenkupplung ausgebildet ist und eine Temperaturüberwachungseinheit aufweist, wobei die Temperaturüberwachungseinheit mit einer Regeleinheit der Kupplung verbunden ist. Hierdurch wird erreicht, daß in Situationen, in denen das Antriebsmoment der zweiten elektrischen Maschine nicht ausreicht, um das Fahrzeug in Bewegung zu versetzen, ein vom Verbrennungsmotor generiertes ergänzendes Hilfsdrehmoment über die Kupplung dem Getriebe zugeführt werden kann, ohne daß die Kupplung überhitzt. The problem is solved according to the invention in that the Clutch is designed as a dry clutch and a Temperature monitoring unit, wherein the Temperature monitoring unit with a control unit of Coupling is connected. This ensures that in Situations in which the drive torque of the second electric machine is insufficient to put the vehicle in To move, a combustion engine generated supplementary auxiliary torque via the clutch to the transmission can be supplied without the clutch overheated.
Hierzu ist es vorteilhaft, daß eine Steuerautomatik vorgesehen ist, die einen Regelkreis bestehend aus der Kupplung als Stellglied, einem Temperaturelement bzw. Temperaturindikator der Temperaturüberwachungseinheit als Ist-Geber und einem Sollwertspeicher aufweist. Somit wird die Kupplung so lange im Schlupfbetrieb betrieben, bis die kritische Temperatur erreicht ist. Danach wird sie entweder ganz geschlossen oder ganz geöffnet. For this purpose, it is advantageous that an automatic control provided is that a loop consisting of the clutch as Actuator, a temperature element or temperature indicator the temperature monitoring unit as an actual encoder and a Has setpoint memory. Thus, the clutch is so long in the Slip operation operated until the critical temperature is reached is. Then it is either completely closed or completely open.
Eine zusätzliche Möglichkeit ist gemäß einer Weiterbildung, daß die Kupplung wärmespeichernde und/oder wärmeleidende Elemente und/oder Kühlelemente aufweist, die die entstehende Reibwärme an angrenzende Bauteile, das Motoröl oder die Außenluft abgeben. An additional possibility is according to a development that the coupling heat-storing and / or heat-suffering elements and / or cooling elements, the resulting frictional heat to adjacent components, the engine oil or the outside air submit.
Ferner ist es vorteilhaft, daß die Kupplung Beläge und/oder Kupplungskörper mit Kühlbohrungen und/oder Kühllamellen aufweist, die das Kühlmittel wie Luft oder Öl aufnehmen bzw. in Strömung versetzen. Die Kühlkanäle können hierbei radial angeordnet sein, wobei im Bereich der Drehachse das Kühlmittel zugeführt wird. Furthermore, it is advantageous that the clutch linings and / or Coupling body with cooling holes and / or cooling fins having the coolant such as air or oil absorb or in Move the flow. The cooling channels can be radial be arranged, wherein in the region of the axis of rotation, the coolant is supplied.
Vorteilhaft ist es hierzu auch, daß eine den kritischen thermischen Zustand der Kupplung anzeigende Hinweiseinrichtung vorgesehen ist. Somit wird dem Fahrer der kritische Zustand der Kupplung und der damit verbundene Betriebszustand des Fahrzeugs aufgezeigt. It is also advantageous for this that one critical thermal state of the coupling indicating indicia is provided. Thus, the driver is the critical state of Clutch and the associated operating condition of the vehicle demonstrated.
Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung ist schließlich vorgesehen, daß zum Anfahren bei geöffneter Kupplung durch die erste elektrische Maschine ein Moment auf eine Getriebewelle des Fahrzeuggetriebes geleitet wird und wenn das Anfahrmoment nicht ausreicht, die Kupplung teilweise geschlossen und das Antriebsmoment der zweiten elektrischen Maschine auf die Getriebewelle des Fahrzeuggetriebes geleitet wird. Wenn das Anfahrmoment noch immer nicht ausreicht, ist es von Vorteil, daß das Antriebsmoment der Verbrennungskraftmaschine auf die Getriebewelle geleitet wird und dabei ständig die Temperatur der Kupplung gemessen und bei einem Grenzwert die Kupplung geschlossen wird. Wenn die Drehzahl der Verbrennungskraftmaschine daraufhin auf einen Grenzwert abfällt, ist es vorteilhaft, daß die Kupplung wieder teilweise geöffnet und danach wiederholt schnell geschlossen wird, wobei das Trägheitsmoment der Verbrennungskraftmaschine zusätzlich auf die Getriebewelle geleitet wird. Zudem ist es von Vorteil, daß in Abhängigkeit der thermischen Belastung der Kupplung die Dauer des Schlupfbetriebs entsprechend angepaßt wird und wenn der Fahrer das Fahrpedal zurücknimmt oder die Kupplung zu heiß ist, der Vorgang des Ein- und Auskuppelns abgebrochen wird. Mit steigender Kupplungstemperatur wird die Dauer des Schlupfbetrieb- Intervalls stetig keiner gewählt, damit der Wärmeeintrag reduziert wird. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention Solution is finally provided that for starting at opened clutch by the first electric machine Moment passed on a transmission shaft of the vehicle transmission and if the starting torque is insufficient, the clutch partially closed and the drive torque of the second electric machine on the transmission shaft of the Vehicle transmission is passed. If the starting torque is still is always insufficient, it is an advantage that the Drive torque of the internal combustion engine on the Transmission shaft is routed while keeping the temperature measured the clutch and at a limit, the clutch is closed. When the speed of the Internal combustion engine then to a limit drops, it is advantageous that the clutch again partially opened and then repeatedly closed quickly, with the moment of inertia of the internal combustion engine in addition is directed to the transmission shaft. It is also an advantage that depending on the thermal load of the clutch Duration of the slip operation is adjusted accordingly and if the driver takes back the accelerator pedal or the clutch is too hot is, the process of engaging and disengaging is canceled. With rising clutch temperature is the duration of the Slip operation interval constantly none selected so that the Heat input is reduced.
In einer anderen Ausgestaltung der vorliegenden Erfindung, wird seriell oder parallel neben der Trocken- bzw. Reibkupplung auch ein dynamischer Drehmomentwandler eines Automatikgetriebes verwendet. Dieser bietet die Möglichkeit, bei stehendem Fahrzeug das Moment der Verbrennungskraftmaschine auf die Getriebewelle zu leiten. Die Reibkupplung ist dabei geschlossen. In another embodiment of the present invention is serial or parallel next to the dry or friction clutch also a dynamic torque converter of an automatic transmission used. This offers the possibility of standing Vehicle the moment of the internal combustion engine on the Transmission shaft to conduct. The friction clutch is included closed.
Weitere Vorteile und Einzelheiten der Erfindung sind in den Patentansprüchen und in der Beschreibung erläutert und in den Figuren dargestellt. Es zeigt: Further advantages and details of the invention are in the Claims and explained in the description and in the Figures shown. It shows:
Fig. 1 zeigt einen Ablaufplan für das Anfahren im Schwerlastfall. Fig. 1 shows a flowchart for starting in heavy load case.
In Situationen, in denen das Antriebsmoment der zweiten elektrischen Maschine z (EM 2) nicht ausreicht, um das Fahrzeug zu beschleunigen, z. B. vor einer Bordsteinkante, muß ein unterstützendes Hilfsantriebsmoment über die Kupplung in das Getriebe bzw. auf dessen Getriebewelle eingeleitet werden. Das Hilfsantriebsmoment kann entweder durch die erste elektrische Maschine (EM 1) und/oder durch die Verbrennungskraftmaschine generiert werden. Wird das Hilfsantriebsmoment durch die Verbrennungskraftmaschine erzeugt, ist dies insbesondere bei Antrieben ohne dynamischen Drehmomentwandler nicht ohne weiteres möglich, da die Reibkupplung bei laufendem Verbrennungsmotor und bei sehr kleinen Fahrzeuggeschwindigkeiten bzw. bei Fahrzeugstillstand im Schlupfbetrieb arbeiten muß, damit ein Antriebsmoment vom Verbrennungsmotor auf die Getriebewelle übertragen werden kann. Die Reibkupplung generiert jedoch im Schlupfbetrieb Wärme, die besonders bei Trockenkupplungen schnell zu einer Überhitzung führen kann. Weil die gesamte Antriebseinheit einem Automatikgetriebe entspricht, bei dem die Schaltvorgänge automatisch absolviert werden, wird die Ansteuerung bzw. Stellung der Kupplung über eine Steuerautomatik geregelt. In situations where the drive torque of the second electric machine z (EM 2 ) is insufficient to accelerate the vehicle, for. B. in front of a curb, a supporting auxiliary drive torque must be introduced via the clutch in the transmission or on the transmission shaft. The auxiliary drive torque can be generated either by the first electric machine (EM 1 ) and / or by the internal combustion engine. If the auxiliary drive torque is generated by the internal combustion engine, this is not readily possible, in particular for drives without dynamic torque converter, since the friction clutch must operate with the engine running and at very low vehicle speeds or vehicle stall in slip mode, thus transmitting a drive torque from the engine to the transmission shaft can be. However, the friction clutch generates heat in the slip mode, which can quickly lead to overheating, especially with dry clutches. Because the entire drive unit corresponds to an automatic transmission, in which the switching operations are completed automatically, the control or position of the clutch is controlled by an automatic control system.
Wenn nur die erste elektrische Maschine ohne den Verbrennungsmotor ein Antriebsmoment über die Kurbelwelle einleitet, so kann die Kupplung geschlossen sein, damit das Antriebsmoment auf die Getriebewelle übertragen wird. Die abgeschaltete Verbrennungskraftmaschine wird dabei mitgeschleppt. Damit die Kompressionseinflüsse der Verbrennungskraftmaschine dabei nicht auf die Getriebewelle übertragen werden, befindet sich die Kupplung im Schlupfbetrieb, d. h. sie ist nur mit einem Teil der Anpreßkraft beaufschlagt. If only the first electric machine without the Internal combustion engine a drive torque via the crankshaft initiates, so the clutch can be closed so that the Drive torque is transmitted to the gear shaft. The switched off internal combustion engine is doing dragged. Thus the compression influences of the Internal combustion engine not on the transmission shaft be transferred, the clutch is located in Slip operation, d. H. she is only part of Applied to pressing force.
Sollten die eingeleiteten Antriebsmomente der EM 2 und der EM 1 nicht ausreichen, wird ein zusätzliches Moment der Verbrennungskraftmaschine generiert und wie folgt auf die Getriebewelle geleitet. If the introduced drive torques of the EM 2 and the EM 1 are not sufficient, an additional moment of the internal combustion engine is generated and directed to the gear shaft as follows.
Die Verbrennungskraftmaschine wird mit einer möglichst geringen Drehzahl (in etwa Leerlaufdrehzahl, 700-1) betrieben und dabei von der EM 1 unterstützt bzw. stabilisiert. Somit wird ein zusätzliches Hilfsmoment generiert. Da sich die Kupplung aber im Schlupfbetrieb befindet, wird gleichzeitig auch Wärme generiert, die durch einen Temperaturindikator in der Kupplung ermittelt und mit einem Sollwert verglichen wird. Der Temperaturindikator kann durch ein Berechnungsprogramm dargestellt sein, in dem zu einer gemessenen Umgebungstemperatur eine rechnerische Übertemperatur addiert wird, die aus übertragenem Drehmoment, Differenzdrehzahl der Kupplungslamellen, sowie einem Wärmeverlustalgorithmus ermittelt wird. The internal combustion engine is operated with the lowest possible speed (approximately idling speed, 700 -1 ) and thereby supported or stabilized by the EM 1 . Thus, an additional auxiliary torque is generated. However, since the clutch is in slip mode, heat is also generated at the same time, which is determined by a temperature indicator in the clutch and compared with a setpoint. The temperature indicator may be represented by a calculation program in which a computed ambient temperature is added to a measured ambient temperature, which is determined from transmitted torque, differential speed of the clutch plates, and a heat loss algorithm.
Damit die Kupplung nicht überhitzt, wird sie nach einer bestimmten Zeit geschlossen, so daß - wenn sich das Fahrzeug nicht schon bewegt bzw. angefahren ist, ein Antriebsrad durchdreht. Wenn dabei die Verbrennungskraftmaschine bzw. die Getriebewelle unter die Leerlaufdrehzahl gedrosselt wird, wird die Kupplung wieder geöffnet, damit die Drehzahl der Verbrennungskraftmaschine wieder steigt. Durch ein pulsartiges bzw. schnelles Schließen und anschließendes Öffnen wird somit ein der Pulsfrequenz entsprechendes Hilfsantriebsmoment generiert bzw. in die Getriebewelle eingeleitet, dessen Spitzenwerte durch das Trägheitsmoment der Verbrennungskraftmaschine bestimmt werden. So that the clutch does not overheat, it is after a closed certain time, so that - when the vehicle not already moved or started, a drive wheel is spinning. If doing the internal combustion engine or the Transmission shaft is throttled below the idle speed is the clutch reopened so that the speed of the Internal combustion engine is rising again. By a pulse-like or fast closing and subsequent opening thus becomes an auxiliary drive torque corresponding to the pulse frequency generated or initiated in the transmission shaft whose Peak values through the moment of inertia of the Internal combustion engine to be determined.
Dieser Vorgang wird so lange wiederholt, bis sich das Fahrzeug über das Hindernis bewegt hat bzw. der Fahrer das Fahrpedal zurückgenommen hat oder aber die Kupplungstemperatur einen kritischen Wert annimmt. This process is repeated until the vehicle has moved over the obstacle or the driver has the accelerator pedal has withdrawn or the clutch temperature one critical value.
Durch den Zeitzyklus des Öffnens und Schließens kann auch auf die Temperatur Einfluß genommen werden. Je länger die Kupplung geschlossen ist, desto länger wird der Wärmeeintrag unterbrochen und die Wärme kann mittels Wärmeleitelementen abgeführt werden. Das Steuergerät, welches den aktuellen Temperaturwert mit einem Sollwert vergleicht und entsprechend den hinterlegten Zeitvorgaben Einfluß auf die Stellung der Kupplung nimmt, schützt diese vor Überhitzung. Through the time cycle of opening and closing can also on the temperature can be influenced. The longer the clutch is closed, the longer the heat input interrupted and the heat can by means of heat conducting elements be dissipated. The control unit, which is the current Temperature value compared with a setpoint and accordingly the time constraints influence the position of the Clutch takes, protects it from overheating.
Der oben genannte Lastfall stellt einen Schwerlastfall dar, bei dem das maximale Moment der getriebeseitigen EM 2 nicht ausreicht. Man kann davon ausgehen, dass in diesem Fall das Fahrpedal mindestens zur Hälfte seines Weges durchgetreten ist. The above-mentioned load case represents a heavy load case in which the maximum torque of the transmission-side EM 2 is not sufficient. It can be assumed that in this case the accelerator pedal has passed at least half its way.
Wenn in diesem Lastfall die Kupplung zu heiß wird, wird die Kupplung vollständig geschlossen, damit die Räder schlupfen und der Vortrieb gewährleistet bleibt. Sobald der Fahrer in diesem Betrieb das Fahrpedal plötzlich wieder zurücknimmt (z. B. nach Erklimmen einer Bordsteinkante), wird die Kupplung sofort wieder geöffnet und der verbleibende Vortrieb über die EM 2 geregelt. If, in this load case, the clutch becomes too hot, the clutch is fully closed to allow the wheels to slip and to ensure propulsion. As soon as the driver in this operation suddenly takes back the accelerator pedal (eg after climbing a curb), the clutch is immediately reopened and the remaining propulsion is regulated via the EM 2 .
Neben dieser Maßnahme ist eine Warnvorrichtung vorgesehen, die den Fahrer im kritischen Fall informiert. In addition to this measure, a warning device is provided which informed the driver in a critical case.
Sollte das Fahrzeug mit einem dynamischen Drehmomentwandler ausgestattet sein, so kann dieser entsprechend als "Schlupfglied" eingesetzt werden, wobei der Schlupfbetrieb der Reibkupplung nicht erforderlich bzw. nicht sachdienlich ist. Should the vehicle with a dynamic torque converter be equipped, so this can be as "Slip link" are used, the slip operation of Friction clutch is not required or not relevant.
Claims (7)
Priority Applications (1)
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DE10204982A DE10204982A1 (en) | 2002-02-06 | 2002-02-06 | Hybrid drive for motor vehicles has an internal combustion engine linked to a gearbox via a clutch and first/second electric motors acting as drives/generators linked to the engine and gearbox |
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DE10204982A DE10204982A1 (en) | 2002-02-06 | 2002-02-06 | Hybrid drive for motor vehicles has an internal combustion engine linked to a gearbox via a clutch and first/second electric motors acting as drives/generators linked to the engine and gearbox |
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