DE102023117023A1 - Method for operating a coordinate measuring machine and device for carrying it out - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device and a method for generating and/or processing data associated with workpieces, which is carried out automatically by software and/or at least partially manually by an operator in software, the software being designed to create one at least part of the data generated measurement program for a coordinate measuring machine or computer tomograph designed to measure the geometric properties of the workpiece.

Description

The subject of the invention is a method for generating and processing data associated with workpieces and a device for carrying out the method with a data processing device which is designed to create measurement programs for a coordinate measuring machine or computer tomograph.

In the known methods for handling data assigned to the workpiece, a fundamental distinction is made between, on the one hand, the design data or target data of the workpiece, mostly defined by drawings or CAD models (CAD data) and for the production of the Workpiece-defined data, also summarized as PMI data (Product and Manufacturing Information) in a PMI data source such as a step file, JT file or QIF file, and on the other hand the measurement data (actual data) that is used for geometric Properties of the workpiece can be determined using a measuring device such as a coordinate measuring machine (CMM) or computer tomography (CT). These are predominantly dimensional measurement data, and sometimes also measurement data that describe features inside workpieces such as inclusions, voids, etc. when CTs or other penetrating measurement methods are used.

Well-known software for generating PMI data includes the definition of the design data and, in some cases, the specifications for calculation rules on how measured values should be linked to geometric properties during later measurements with a (previously unknown) measuring device. These are simple arithmetic operations such as “+”, “-” or “Gauss fit” to form distances or fit lines, fit levels, etc. and which references have to be taken into account. These are in the form of so-called “PMI Flags" are attached to the PMI data and can be read in by appropriately trained measuring device software. Subsequently changing this PMI data, adding missing data via the measuring process and linking PMI data to calculate linked geometric properties is not possible known, as well as exporting supplemented PMI data to a PMI data source.

The link between the PMI data and the information about the measuring device used and the evaluation regulations necessary for generating the measurement data is inadequate according to the state of the art, which means that automated measurement based on the PMI data previously determined by, for example, the designer, but itself a semi-automatic measurement with operator intervention is not possible or only possible with great effort. In particular, the data required for the measurement process is not yet available when the PMI data is created. Known software that exists to create the PMI data has no connection and no information about the measuring device to be used later to measure the geometric features tolerated in the drawings. It is therefore not possible to define information for the measurement process (also called measurement process data) in the PMI data. This information relates, among other things, to the type of measuring device, in particular the sensor of a coordinate measuring machine to be used, its measuring parameters or setting parameters, the measuring instructions for the position and linking of the measuring points on the workpiece to be recorded for the evaluation of the respective geometric properties of the workpiece, but also the Linking dimensions to linked geometric properties. There is therefore no possibility of storing evaluation regulations in the PMI data. It is also unresolved that if CAD data is missing, PMI data can be stored and that missing PMI data can be supplemented and stored in the PMI data source and thus passed on, for example between different measuring devices.

Another disadvantage is that target elements or measuring elements may be missing for the calculation of geometric properties, for example because they were not stored in the PMI data (e.g. planes of symmetry or measuring elements to be measured to form these) or during export a software suitable for generating PMI data or import into software intended for processing the PMI data has been lost or the link between target elements (such as symmetry planes) and the measurement elements to be measured to form these has been lost. There is also no way to correct incorrect drawing entries, i.e. target elements or measuring elements that are incorrectly assigned to determine the geometric property (e.g. dimensioned edge instead of dimensioned distance between two surfaces) or target elements that cannot be measured (e.g. planes of symmetry). Elements that are mostly not measurable are, for example, tolerated planes of symmetry on the workpiece. These are usually not physically present on the workpiece and therefore cannot be measured. Instead, elements physically present on the workpiece, e.g. planes, i.e. surfaces, would have to be used as measuring elements and these would have to be assigned to the symmetry planes or replace them. However, the state of the art does not offer a corresponding functionality.

A further object of the present invention is therefore to use the known methods for the generation of PMI data in such a way that data required for the later measurement of geometric properties of the workpiece can be assigned to the workpiece or its PMI data, and that PMI data is processed, in particular supplemented or corrected, and in the PMI data source can be saved. It is also the task of assigning data obtained through measurement with a measuring device or through input by an operator to the PMI data, i.e. the PMI data source of the workpiece.

To solve this, the invention provides that software designed to create, and preferably execute, measuring programs for measuring geometric properties of the workpiece with a coordinate measuring machine is expanded to include functionality for generating and/or processing PMI data. In the following, coordinate measuring machine also means: multi-sensor coordinate measuring machine, computer tomograph and computer tomograph designed as a coordinate measuring machine or multi-sensor coordinate measuring machine. The software according to the invention also has a functionality that allows the supplemented or edited PMI data to be saved or exported to a PMI data source.

A method according to the invention for generating and/or processing data associated with workpieces (PMI data, also target data or target elements), preferably CAD data, and/or used for executing a measuring program for measuring geometric properties of the workpiece Measurement process data, is characterized in that the generation and/or processing of the PMI data and preferably the measurement process data is carried out automatically by software and/or at least partially manually by an operator in software, the software being designed to create, and preferably execution of a measurement program generated from at least part of the PMI data for a coordinate measuring machine designed to measure the geometric properties of the workpiece, preferably a multisensor coordinate measuring machine, or a computer tomograph designed or a computer tomograph designed as a coordinate measuring machine or a multisensor coordinate measuring machine.

PMI data also includes, among other things, target data of the workpiece, often in the form of CAD data and/or target elements that describe the target shape of the workpiece (target description). These are assigned to the workpiece or the individual elements of the workpiece. Geometric properties or geometric descriptions of the workpiece refer to the geometric dimensions, angles, distances, etc. of individual workpiece areas that are defined based on the target shape of the workpiece or determined by measuring the actual shape of the workpiece. Geometric properties or geometric descriptions are represented in the form of measuring elements, hand elements and computing elements, which include, for example, points, straight lines, circles, planes, spheres, distances, angles, etc. or positions, orientations and/or dimensions assigned to them. Measuring elements are geometric descriptions that are measured, hand elements entered by the operator and calculation elements from measuring elements and/or hand elements and/or calculation elements.

In particular, the invention is characterized in that the software is designed for dimensioning, in particular dimensioning based on the PMI data, CAD models, CAD elements (CAD model elements), assigned to workpieces or geometric properties of workpieces -Elements, measuring elements, hand elements and/or computing elements.

Dimensioning here means, among other things, that the geometric properties of the workpiece to be evaluated are selected automatically, semi-automatically (i.e. with the support of the operator) or manually by the operator and the associated measurements and/or calculation operations are defined, but also the necessary settings for the measurement or . the measurement must be carried out yourself. Dimensioning can also include necessary links between geometric properties. The dimensioning process is carried out with the help of display elements in the software assigned to the PMI data, such as so-called “PMI flags” (windows in a 2D or 3D representation of the target data such as the CAD of the workpiece, which are assigned to the individual dimensions ) or elements in a tree structure, as is known from measuring programs for coordinate measuring machines.

It is preferably provided that the generated and/or processed PMI data is assigned to the geometric properties of the workpiece to be measured.

• - Einladen von dem Werkstück, insbesondere geometrischen Eigenschaften des Werkstücks bereits zugeordneter PMI-Daten (Soll-Geometrien und/oder Soll-Elementen wie CAD-Modell-Elementen) aus einer Datenquelle wie beispielsweise Step-Datei, JT-Datei oder QIF-Datei,
• - zur Verfügung stellen der eingeladenen PMI-Daten für die Bearbeitung und/oder Ergänzung,
• - Erzeugung der Sollbeschreibung geometrischer Eigenschaften durch Auswahl von Soll-Elementen, vorzugsweise durch Auswahl von Einträgen in einer Baumstruktur,
• - Erzeugung der Definition geometrischer Eigenschaft, beispielsweise durch anwählen von PMI-Daten zugeordneter, auf einer Anzeigeeinheit wie Bildschirm in Form sogenannter „PMI-Fähnchen“ und/oder in einer Baumstruktur dargestellter und anwählbarer Symbole, vorzugsweise nach einer Norm, besonders bevorzugt nach einer ISO- oder ASME-Norm,
• - Darstellung der der geometrischen Eigenschaften und/oder diesen zugeordneten Bemaßungen („PMI-Fähnchen“ oder Baumstruktur)
• - Speichern und/oder exportieren bearbeiteter und/oder erzeugter PMI-Daten, zumindest der Soll-Geometrie mit der Sollbeschreibung geometrischer Eigenschaften und vorzugsweise der zugeordneten Messvorschrift bzw. Messparametern, in einer dem Werkstück zugeordneten Datenquelle wie beispielsweise Step-Datei, JT-Datei oder QIF-Datei, insbesondere in semantisch maschinenlesbarer Form,
• - Messen und/oder Berechnen von Ist-Daten zu den Soll-Geometrien und/oder Soll-Elementen wie CAD-Modell-Elementen, insbesondere
  • ◯ Messung von Soll-Punktewolken und/oder
  • ◯ Berechnung von Rechenelementen und/oder
  • ◯ Erzeugung von Handelemente.

It should also be emphasized that at least one of the following steps is carried out by the software, preferably can be carried out by the operator using the software:

• - Inviting PMI data (target geometries and/or target elements such as CAD model elements) already assigned to the workpiece, in particular geometric properties of the workpiece, from a data source such as for example step file, JT file or QIF file,
• - make the invited PMI data available for editing and/or addition,
• - Generation of the target description of geometric properties by selecting target elements, preferably by selecting entries in a tree structure,
• - Generation of the definition of geometric properties, for example by selecting symbols assigned to PMI data, displayed and selectable on a display unit such as a screen in the form of so-called “PMI flags” and/or in a tree structure, preferably according to a standard, particularly preferably according to an ISO - or ASME standard,
• - Display of the geometric properties and/or dimensions assigned to them (“PMI flags” or tree structure)
• - Saving and/or exporting edited and/or generated PMI data, at least the target geometry with the target description of geometric properties and preferably the assigned measuring rule or measuring parameters, in a data source assigned to the workpiece, such as a step file, JT file or QIF file, especially in a semantically machine-readable form,
• - Measuring and/or calculating actual data for the target geometries and/or target elements such as CAD model elements, in particular
  • ◯ Measurement of target point clouds and/or
  • ◯ Calculation of calculation elements and/or
  • ◯ Generation of hand elements.

• - Beschreibung der Soll-Gestalt des Werkstücks (CAD-Modell) und/oder zumindest einer oder mehrerer geometrischer Eigenschaften des Werkstücks (CAD-Elemente),
• - Anzeigevorschrift für die Darstellung der geometrischen Eigenschaften und/oder diesen zugeordneten Bemaßungen („PMI-Fähnchen“) wie Sollwerten, Toleranzwerten, Messwerten, Bezüge, beispielsweise in Bezug auf die Darstellungsform wie Darstellungsfarbe und/oder -orientierung und/oder - position, Maßpfeilart und -dicke,
• - Messvorschrift für die Lage der für die Auswertung der jeweiligen geometrischen Eigenschaften des Werkstücks aufzunehmenden Messpunkte am Werkstück,
• - Zuordnung des für die Messung der Messpunkte jeweils zu verwendenden Sensors und/oder Sensorart bzw. Messprinzip,
• - Zuordnung der Messvorschrift bzw. Messparameter für den oder die zur Aufnahme der Messpunkte am Werkstück zu verwendenden Sensor und/oder Sensorart bzw. Messprinzip, wie beispielsweise Sensoreinstellungen (Einstellparameter) wie Licht, Integrationszeit bei optischen Sensor oder beispielsweise Tastereigenschaften wie Tastkugeldurchmesser, Tasterlänge, Tastersteifigkeit und/oder Soll-Auslenkung bei taktilen Sensoren,
• - Auswertevorschrift für die Verknüpfung der für die Auswertung der jeweiligen geometrischen Eigenschaften des Werkstücks aufgenommenen Messpunkte am Werkstück, vorzugsweise Einstellung der Filterung,
• - Auswertevorschrift für geometrische Eigenschaften des Werkstücks, die auf der Verknüpfung einer oder mehrerer weiterer geometrischer Eigenschaften des Werkstücks beruhen (verknüpfte geometrische Eigenschaften).

The invention is also characterized in that the PMI data contains at least one of the following information and/or the software is designed to supplement this:

• - Description of the target shape of the workpiece (CAD model) and/or at least one or more geometric properties of the workpiece (CAD elements),
• - Display rule for the representation of the geometric properties and/or dimensions assigned to them (“PMI flags”) such as target values, tolerance values, measured values, references, for example in relation to the form of representation such as display color and/or orientation and/or position, dimension arrow type and thickness,
• - Measuring instructions for the position of the measuring points on the workpiece to be recorded for the evaluation of the respective geometric properties of the workpiece,
• - Assignment of the sensor and/or sensor type or measuring principle to be used for measuring the measuring points,
• - Assignment of the measuring specification or measuring parameters for the sensor and/or sensor type or measuring principle to be used to record the measuring points on the workpiece, such as sensor settings (setting parameters) such as light, integration time for optical sensors or, for example, probe properties such as probe ball diameter, probe length, probe stiffness and/or target deflection for tactile sensors,
• - Evaluation rule for linking the measuring points recorded on the workpiece for the evaluation of the respective geometric properties of the workpiece, preferably setting the filtering,
• - Evaluation rule for geometric properties of the workpiece, which are based on the linking of one or more further geometric properties of the workpiece (linked geometric properties).

In particular, the invention is characterized in that measurement sequence data for measurement programs are generated based on the dimensions, preferably measurement programs for coordinate measuring machines and/or computer tomographs, particularly preferably using several sensors, in particular sensors with different measuring principles, preferably several sensors which are within a multi-sensor coordinate measuring machine or a computer tomograph designed as a multi-sensor coordinate measuring machine.

• - die Auswahl der auszuwertenden geometrischen Eigenschaften,
• - wenn erforderlich die manuelle und/oder automatische Ergänzung fehlender Parameter wie Messparameter,
• - die Messung der den Soll-Elementen zuzuordnenden Ist-Elemente und/oder
• - die automatische Berechnung der Ist-Werte der geometrischen Eigenschaften.

It is preferably provided that the evaluation of geometric properties takes place semi-automatically or fully automatically using the measuring program, in particular

• - the selection of the geometric properties to be evaluated,
• - if necessary, the manual and/or automatic addition of missing parameters such as measurement parameters,
• - the measurement of the actual elements to be assigned to the target elements and/or
• - the automatic calculation of the actual values of the geometric properties.

• - fehlende Messelemente und/oder Soll-Elemente ergänzt werden, die für die Bestimmung der geometrischen Eigenschaften, insbesondere verknüpfter geometrischer Eigenschaften, benötigt werden, beispielsweise Symmetrieebenen, und/oder
• - fehlende Messelemente und/oder Soll-Elemente ergänzt werden, die für die Bestimmung der geometrischen Eigenschaften, insbesondere verknüpfter geometrischer Eigenschaften, benötigt werden und beim Export der PMI-Daten aus einer zur Erstellung von PMI-Daten geeigneten weiteren Software und/oder beim Import in die Software verloren gegangen sind, und/oder
• - geometrischen Eigenschaften fehlerhaft zugeordnete Messelemente und/oder Soll-Elemente korrigiert werden, indem die fehlerhaften Elemente aus den PMI-Daten entfernt werden und geeignete Elemente eingefügt werden, beispielsweise falsche Bezüge korrigiert werden und/oder nicht messbare Messelemente durch messbare ersetzt werden.

The invention is also characterized by the fact that semi-automatically or fully automatically using the software, missing or geometric properties Incorrectly assigned measuring elements and/or target elements are supplemented or corrected, in particular

• - missing measuring elements and/or target elements are added that are required for determining the geometric properties, in particular linked geometric properties, for example planes of symmetry, and/or
• - missing measuring elements and/or target elements are added that are required for determining the geometric properties, in particular linked geometric properties, and when exporting the PMI data from other software suitable for creating PMI data and/or when importing have been lost in the software, and/or
• - Measuring elements and/or target elements incorrectly assigned to geometric properties are corrected by removing the incorrect elements from the PMI data and inserting suitable elements, for example correcting incorrect references and/or replacing non-measurable measuring elements with measurable ones.

It should also be emphasized that the software is executed on a data processing device such as a control PC, which is designed for connection to a coordinate measuring machine, preferably a multisensor coordinate measuring machine, or a computer tomograph or a computer tomograph designed as a coordinate measuring machine or multisensor coordinate measuring machine.

The invention is also characterized in that the measurement program created for measuring geometric properties of the workpiece with the coordinate measuring machine, preferably multisensor coordinate measuring machine, or the computer tomograph or the computer tomograph designed as a coordinate measuring machine or multisensor coordinate measuring machine is executed by the software.

In particular, the invention is characterized in that PMI data, preferably CAD data, are generated by measuring geometric properties of the workpiece with a measuring program generated by the software, the measurement preferably being carried out with a coordinate measuring machine or a computer tomograph.

It is preferably provided that PMI data, preferably CAD data, is generated by the operator manually entering the PMI data on the geometric properties of the workpiece into the software.

To solve this, the invention also provides a device for carrying out the method, which is characterized in that a data processing device such as a control PC is designed to execute the software, the data processing device also being designed to create, and preferably execute, one of at least one Part of the measurement program generated from PMI data for a coordinate measuring machine designed to measure the geometric properties of the workpiece, computer tomograph or computer tomograph designed as a coordinate measuring machine.

In particular, the invention is characterized in that the data processing device such as a control PC is connected to a coordinate measuring machine, preferably a multisensor coordinate measuring machine, or a computer tomograph or a computer tomograph designed as a coordinate measuring machine or multisensor coordinate measuring machine, preferably connected to its control.

The subject of an independent invention is a method for operating a coordinate measuring machine with an image processing sensor and a correspondingly equipped coordinate measuring machine.

In the known methods for operating image processing sensors (BV sensors) in coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), for the measurement of workpiece features, certain areas of the workpiece are positioned by the measuring axes of the coordinate measuring machine in the detection area of the BV sensor and image data is then recorded and evaluated, for example to determine geometric features. The disadvantage here is that orientation for the targeted movement to the respective measuring position is difficult and poses risks of collision, especially if there is no CAD model of the workpiece available or usable in the measuring software. Another disadvantage is that positions already taken when positioning between two measuring positions may have to be approached again later than measuring positions in order to measure there.

In the DE10341666 and the DE102004058655 The applicant describes methods in which individually recorded images from an image processing sensor are combined to form an overall image. In the WO2012156462 The applicant describes a method in which overlapping individual images from an image processing sensor are recorded be put together to form an overall picture. However, both methods are limited to two dimensions (XY plane). In the DE102015121582 The applicant describes a method in which, similar to the previously mentioned methods, overlapping individual images are recorded with an image processing sensor, but here on non-flat workpieces. The workpiece is captured with several series of images at different distances (heights) and the sharpest image data is combined to form the overall image. It is also planned that the scanning path is adjusted in height. This also results in image data with different focusing states for workpiece surface areas outside the center of the recorded images, especially on slopes, which enables autofocus evaluation. Here too, the disadvantage is that the composite images are only available in a 2D grid.

A further object of the present invention is to facilitate the measurement of geometric features on workpieces, in particular to save positioning movements or to improve the orientation when positioning to the locations to be measured, preferably to reduce the risk of collision.

To solve this, the invention provides that images recorded in several different positions with the image processing sensor are stored in an image memory, in particular different positions in all three spatial directions being taken into account, whereby a voxel volume (also referred to as a raster volume) with a voxel -Grid is created that provides all relevant already determined image data of the workpiece within the measuring volume for direct evaluation and/or for targeted positioning to measuring positions.

Images are continuously captured as the image processing sensor moves through the measurement volume. The image data is continuously inserted into the raster volume. If you look at a Z-plane, sectional images are created for several Z-planes. The grid width in The grid width in Z can be selected depending on the depth of field of the image processing sensor and can be, for example, 100% or 50% or 25% of the depth of field. However, larger grid widths are also conceivable, such as double or four times the depth of field.

Little by little, images of the entire measuring space are created, which can be used for positioning and measuring elements. These images are saved with the measurement sequence and can be used for subsequent teaching.

To generate the grid volume, a volume of the measuring space is created in the main memory (pixel size or voxel size, for example approx. 0.1 mm - 10 mm). The 3D renderer of the evaluation software and the image processing algorithms have access to this volume. In the image processor, the so-called raster scanner always runs in the background and inserts all images into the volume if necessary (pixels or voxels not yet captured).

The raster volume can be displayed in sections or 3D rendered. Areas that have not yet been recorded can be marked (e.g. gray value 0) and displayed transparently. The images of the volume then gradually build up and you get an overview. The different Z layers (layers) must be sensibly faded in and out in the 3D renderer; for example, only the layer is displayed at the height of which the image processing sensor is located or which is desired by the operator. The images or the raster volume can be displayed using volume rendering.

When evaluating the raster volume, cross-sectional images can be generated and displayed, which are used to measure dimensions using image processing algorithms. To determine the Z coordinates of a measuring point, focus variation methods are used by using image data of the raster volume that are offset from one another in the Z direction. Methods known from computer tonography such as the calculation of triangulated point clouds using marching cubes, or the avoidance of volume filters or multi-material scans are also planned.

To speed up processing, the high-resolution data is stored in the background, as displaying this data is too computationally intensive.

Device control can also be carried out using the grid volume. In the raster volume or the sectional image or overview images calculated from it, elements can be selected and measured using a measurement window. The device then moves to these elements and measures them in full camera resolution. This measurement can involve a single image capture, or several images are captured at offset positions, preferably during movement, and the raster volume is filled with spatially higher-resolution data at the appropriate locations.

The invention provides a corresponding procedure for increasing the spatial resolution in areas for three-dimensional raster volumes, but also for two-dimensional raster data (raster images according to the prior art). In this case, at least a first overview raster image or overview raster volume with a first resolution is created by recording image data with a first image resolution (e.g. in a highly binned camera mode) during a first traversing speed. Then the area of interest in the overview raster image or overview raster volume is selected and a spatially higher resolution second raster image or raster volume is recorded in the selected area by using the camera to capture higher resolution image data (through lower binning or no binning). Camera) records and/or a second, lower traversing speed is set when recording the image data. Further evaluation then takes place in the spatially higher-resolution raster image or raster volume or in a raster image or raster volume in which the data from the higher-resolution raster image or raster volume was used. This independent solution according to the invention can also be combined with the solution according to the invention described below.

A method according to the invention for operating a coordinate measuring machine, comprising at least one image processing sensor (BV sensor), which captures image data (images), in particular captures images of the workpiece to be measured or of several workpieces to be measured, and comprising at least two measuring axes, preferably three measuring axes, for execution of relative movements between the BV sensor and the workpiece or workpieces to be measured, in particular relative movement between the BV sensor and a measuring table from which the at least one workpiece originates, one of the measuring axes (Z axis) in the direction or almost in the direction of the optical Axis of the image processing sensor runs and at least one of the measurement axes (X-axis and / or Y-axis) runs perpendicular or almost perpendicular to it, and comprising at least one image memory for storing captured images, and comprising a computing unit for evaluating the image data of several of the images, and comprising at least one controller for controlling the measuring axes and for transmitting the images to the computing unit, is characterized in that images are recorded in several different positions of the measuring axes, in particular images are recorded in several different positions of at least two of the measuring axes, particularly preferably in several different ones Positions of all three measuring axes images are taken and the images are stored in the image memory.

In particular, the invention is characterized in that the images are stored in the image memory together with the positions of the measuring axes taken during the respective image recording and/or in that the images are stored in an area of the image memory assigned to the respective recording position.

It is preferably provided that the image memory represents a three-dimensional space (voxel volume, also called grid volume) with a grid (voxel grid), which is preferably assigned to the entire area (measuring volume) that can be detected by the image processing sensor in all permissible positions of the measuring axes , and recorded images are continuously stored in the image memory, with the image data, in particular gray values, preferably being averaged for areas of the image memory that are already occupied, with particularly preferably areas of the image memory not yet occupied being marked by masking, for example by masking with a gray value outside the permissible range for the image data.

By continually filling the image memory, a 3D representation of the entire measurement volume is built up piece by piece, which contains layered, composite overall images that are offset in z. Areas of the voxel volume that have not yet been recorded are marked, for example by masking with the gray value 0, which was previously defined as invalid. If areas of the voxel volume are already occupied, averaging can be carried out with newly added image data, which can improve the signal-to-noise ratio

It should also be emphasized that images are recorded during the positioning movements of the measuring axes, in particular in all positioning movements between measuring positions to be taken, and/or that images are recorded in all measuring positions.

The invention is also characterized in that images recorded deviating from the voxel grid in the Z direction are resampled into the voxel grid using interpolation processes.

In particular, the invention is characterized in that the voxel grid corresponds to the pixel size of the BV sensor in the

Preferably, it is provided that image data overlapping within the raster volume is added and preferably averaged for each voxel of the raster volume, in particular image data is resampled into the voxel raster before the overlay.

When positioning, including manual positioning, of the BV sensor in the measuring volume, image data can also be recorded in which workpiece surfaces are not sharply imaged. This image data then has a very low contrast and/or low brightness. In order to exclude this data from further evaluation, it is planned to discard it. However, blurred image data is also required to use focus variation methods. Therefore, image data is only discarded if it falls below a minimum contrast or minimum brightness.

If workpiece areas in the measurement volume are recorded multiple times, changes in lighting, for example, may result in newly recorded image data being of lower quality, in particular darker or having less contrast. This image data can also be discarded if it is below minimum limit values or at least included in the raster volume with less weight.

It should also be emphasized that image data that falls below a minimum contrast and/or a minimum brightness and/or has lower contrast and/or brightness than image data already available for the corresponding position in the raster volume are excluded from storage in the raster volume or are weighted accordingly less when overlaying existing image data.

The invention is also characterized in that the pixel size of the BV sensor is enlarged, in particular doubled (2x2 binning) or quadrupled (4x4 binning), by binning the camera of the BV sensor and/or by binning the image data of the camera, and for Storing the resulting images, a raster volume (preview raster volume) of lower resolution provided with a correspondingly coarser voxel raster is formed as the original raster volume of higher resolution, preferably raster volume of higher resolution is additionally stored or at least for the raster volume Image data intended for higher resolution can be saved.

In particular, the invention is characterized in that the preview raster volume or selected section thereof and/or selected section of the higher-resolution raster volume, preferably only the section thereof already occupied with image data, is displayed on a display means such as a screen, preferably selected Section of the higher resolution raster volume is only calculated when necessary from the stored higher resolution image data.

Preferably, it is provided that at least one sectional image is displayed on a display means such as a screen, comprising at least the part of the preview raster volume and/or the raster volume that corresponds to a Z-selected by the operator or predetermined by the respective current position of the measuring axes. Position is closest or is present in its surroundings or is calculated from its surroundings for the selected or predetermined Z position by interpolation or extrapolation, preferably only the section of which is displayed which corresponds to the image size of the BV sensor, and in particular Part of the preview raster volume or raster volume that deviates from the selected or predetermined Z position is preferably hidden.

It should also be emphasized that a sectional image is calculated for a predetermined Z position from the preview raster volume and/or the raster volume, preferably by interpolation or extrapolation of the image data surrounding the predetermined Z position, and that the sectional image is based on is displayed on a display means such as a screen or at least is made available for further evaluation.

The sectional image belonging to a given Z position lies in the X-Y plane. The invention also provides for calculating and displaying cuts in any plane. This is particularly, but not exclusively, provided if the BV sensor is based on a rotary-swivel device, so that it can assume different orientations with respect to the coordinate system of the coordinate measuring machine.

The invention is also characterized in that at least part of the preview raster volume and/or the raster volume is displayed in a rendered 3D representation (volume rendering) on a display means such as a screen.

In particular, the invention is characterized in that areas of the preview raster volume and/or the raster volume that are not yet occupied with image data from the images are displayed in a particularly marked manner on a display means such as a screen, preferably displayed transparently.

Preferably, it is provided that a selected position on a sectional image or the 3D representation is used to position the BV sensor and the measuring table relative to one another, so that the selected position is detected by the BV sensor, preferably after the selected position has been assumed, image data is transmitted with the BV sensor are recorded, preferably recorded in the higher resolution.

It should also be emphasized that a selected area on a sectional image and/or the 3D representation is used to determine measuring points, from which geometric properties of the workpiece are preferably determined by linking, with image data from the higher resolution raster volume preferably being used and / or image data is captured with the BV sensor, preferably captured in the higher resolution.

The invention is also characterized in that sectional images or areas selected from sectional images for the determination of measuring points and/or geometric properties are saved for the later creation or adaptation of a measurement program.

According to the invention, images of the entire measurement volume are gradually created, which can be used for positioning and measuring elements or geometric properties of the workpiece. These images are saved with the measurement sequence and can be used for subsequent teaching.

In particular, the invention is characterized in that for a plurality of predetermined an autofocus method or focus variation method, in particular by determining the gray value or contrast for adjacent image data in the X and Y directions for respective positions in the Z direction and determining the maximum for the resulting gray value curve (brightness curve) or contrast curve and the Z coordinate assigned to the maximum is used for the measuring point.

It is preferably provided that a triangulated measurement point cloud is calculated from the image data of the preview raster volume and/or the raster volume, preferably using a Marchig Cube algorithm.

It should also be emphasized that the preview raster volume and/or raster volume is subjected to filtering with a volume filter and/or is subjected to a multi-material scan, with image data preferably being assigned to different materials based on predetermined comparison values.

To solve this, the invention also provides a device for carrying out the method, which is characterized in that the coordinate measuring machine is assigned an image memory which is designed to store image data in a voxel volume with a voxel grid and is available for further evaluation deliver.

In particular, the invention is characterized in that the coordinate measuring machine comprises a controller which is designed to transmit the images into the image memory and to control the measuring axes, and that the coordinate measuring machine has a computing unit for evaluating the image data in the image memory, preferably for determining measuring points from sectional images and/or the 3D representation and/or according to a focus variation method.

It is preferably provided that the coordinate measuring machine has at least one further sensor, such as a tactile sensor, tactile-optical sensor, optical distance sensor and/or computer tomography sensor.

The subject of an independent invention is a method for contour tracking with an image processing sensor of a coordinate measuring machine. The method can also be combined with the previously mentioned idea of building a raster volume.

In the WO2006063838A1 The applicant describes a method for contour tracking when measuring with an image processing sensor. Images taken along the contour of the workpiece are put together to form an overall image that can be subsequently evaluated. How exactly the contour tracking should be carried out is not described in more detail. Based on 5 and 6 It shows that images taken one after the other are taken in adjacent positions, so that there is no free area between the images, but they also do not overlap.

Also the DE102015121582 the application ring describes a method for contour tracking when measuring with an image processing sensor. Here, too, the contour is traced image by image, with consecutive images taken adjacent to each other without overlapping and thus laterally offset from one another so that the edge pixel of the contour recognized in the previous image (i.e. the pixel with which the contour intersects the edge of the captured area) is located in the middle of the next image on the opposite edge of the area captured by the image processing sensor. In this way, contour tracking is ensured.

The DE102017129221 the applicant describes a method for contour tracking on the cutting edge of a tool. The image processing sensor is only tracked in the axial direction of an axis of rotation around which the tool rotates, depending on the path of the cutting edge.

The disadvantage here is that the readjustment of the direction of movement of the image processing sensor relative to the workpiece only takes place between successive and adjacent images. For contours whose course only has very short linear sections, especially if the contour has many kinks, contour tracking can fail.

A further object of the present invention is therefore to further develop the prior art in such a way that contours can be tracked more reliably.

To solve this, the invention provides that the contour of the workpiece is automatically recognized in the image recorded in each case, or in an image calculated from images recorded one after the other and superimposed on one another, and the following direction of movement is regulated from the course of this. In particular, the vector that the contour has at the edge of the image lying in or almost in the direction of movement is used for the control.

A method according to the invention for operating a coordinate measuring machine, comprising at least one image processing sensor (BV sensor), which captures image data (images), in particular captures images of the workpiece to be measured or of several workpieces to be measured, and comprising at least two measuring axes, preferably three measuring axes, for execution of relative movements between the BV sensor and the workpiece or workpieces to be measured, in particular relative movement between the BV sensor and a measuring table from which the at least one workpiece originates, one of the measuring axes (Z axis) in the direction or almost in the direction of the optical Axis of the image processing sensor runs and at least one of the measurement axes (X-axis and / or Y-axis) runs perpendicular or almost perpendicular to it, and comprising at least one image memory for storing captured images, and comprising a computing unit for evaluating the image data of several of the images, and comprising at least one control for controlling the measuring axes and for transmitting the images to the computing unit, is characterized in that by relative movement between the workpiece and the BV sensor, several recording positions are assumed one after the other, in each of which at least one image is recorded, with each recorded image at least one contour of the workpiece is automatically recognized, and the direction of movement of the relative movement to the next recording position is automatically adjusted from the course of the contour.

In particular, the invention is characterized in that the adjustment of the direction of movement is carried out by determining the intersection of the contour of the workpiece with the edge of the image in the respectively recorded image or a section thereof, for which the vector of the current direction of movement of the relative movement with the vector the center of the image has the smallest angle to the intersection point, and a contour vector is determined for the intersection point, which has the direction of the contour in the area in front of the intersection point, and wherein the direction of movement is adjusted according to the contour vector at least until the next image is taken is, preferably corresponds to the direction of the contour vector or at least the current direction of movement is changed to the direction of the contour vector.

It is preferably provided that the images are captured during the relative movement.

It should also be emphasized that consecutively recorded images overlap, preferably overlap by at least 50%, preferably overlap by at least 75%, particularly preferably overlap by at least 90%.

The invention is also characterized in that the intersection point is determined based on a section of the image, the section being a square, rectangular, round or elliptical area around the center of the image, and preferably the center of the image lies in the middle of the area or the center of the image is positively or negatively offset from the center of the image in the direction of the current direction of movement.

In particular, the invention is characterized in that the section of the image covers an area around the center of the image, which comprises less than a tenth of the image diagonal.

In this way, only the area of the contour in the middle of the image is used for the control the direction of movement is taken into account. As a result, the entire contour always runs through the center of the image. This is advantageous if measurements are to be carried out very precisely, as imaging errors usually increase towards the edge of the image. On the other hand, this requires very fast control and/or low travel speeds.

It is preferably provided that an overall image is calculated from the recorded images and made available for further evaluation.

According to the invention, the calculation of the overall image is also carried out continuously parallel to the image recording, so that the overall image becomes constantly larger. It is also provided that the contour examined for the adjustment of the direction of movement is not determined on an individual image, but rather on the overall image that is already available or a section thereof. This is particularly advantageous when images taken in succession overlap to a large extent, since the contour to be examined is then determined on the basis of several superimposed images and therefore more precisely.

The subject of the invention is a device comprising a coordinate measuring machine with mechanical connections between measuring circle elements or transport securing means and other components of the coordinate measuring machine.

In coordinate measuring machines, mechanical connections between the various components of the measuring circuit and for transport locks are subject to high requirements for long-term stability and are therefore usually implemented using non-positive connections, in particular screw connections. In order to ensure sufficiently large forces and thus a secure connection, large screw sizes and high tightening torques or a large number of screw connections are required. Often the necessary space or the necessary material with the appropriate properties is not available. In the event of strong mechanical stress, for example during transport and large temperature differences, the mechanical components can then shift relative to one another. If there are high temperature differences, when parts made of different materials are paired, in particular with different thermal expansion coefficients, shifts can occur between the paired parts. If components belonging to the measuring circuit are affected, such as the rail guides of the measuring axes, the calibration state of the coordinate measuring machine determined during production during calibration is lost, or even worse, the function of the components is no longer properly guaranteed. The result is a complex repair or at least a new measurement, for example after transport to the customer's site.

The same applies if transport securing devices cannot withstand the mechanical stresses during transport. Transport securing devices can be destroyed and expensive coordinate measuring machine components can be damaged or even destroyed as a result. In particular, components belonging to the measuring circuit or other functionally relevant components can be moved. The danger is particularly high with components of large mass, such as X-ray tubes or detectors of coordinate measuring machines designed as computer tomographs, but also heavy quills or measuring tables of large coordinate measuring machines.

Previously known measures include the use of additional threads and corresponding screw connections, for example in the base of the coordinate measuring machine, from which some of the components originate. Aids for counter-pressing on stop edges are also used to stabilize the components in their position.

A further object of the present invention is therefore to improve the known coordinate measuring machines in such a way that the stability, in particular long-term stability, of mechanically and thermally stressed components, the connection or pairing of which is based on friction, i.e. in particular frictional connection as in screw connections, can be achieved using simple and space-saving means. to increase. The aim is not simply to increase the number of individual connections or to supplement them with additional space-consuming slings, but rather to make each connection itself more stable. In particular, the mating means such as screws should be protected from destruction such as shearing, for example to avoid transport damage. Its use is particularly useful where screw size and strength class are already at their limits and more security is required. This affects, for example, screw connections that have an increased transport risk, such as guideways that are not cast in or heavy components that exert high forces on the pairs during transport (e.g. due to vibrations or large temperature differences).

To solve this, the invention provides that the mechanical connections between the relevant components increase the friction or the coefficient of friction (coefficient of friction or coefficient of friction) between the respective paired components existing element such as friction insert or friction shim is added. In particular, these are arranged between the components to be paired in order to increase the coefficient of friction, for example between the runners of a rail guide and the steel base from which the runner rises. But the attachment of the sensors to the quill or the measuring table, or transport securing devices for particularly heavy components such as the detector and X-ray tube or the door of the radiation protection hood of a coordinate measuring machine designed as a computer tomograph are also provided. In principle, all other connections of the components of a coordinate measuring machine, such as connecting elements, can also be equipped with the friction-increasing elements.

• - Messtisch oder Teile davon,
• - ein oder mehrere Sensoren oder Teile davon,
• - einige der Verbindungselemente, vorzugsweise:
  • • Basis oder Teile davon,
  • • zumindest eine, zwei oder drei Messachsen zur Relativbewegung von Sensor und Messtisch zueinander und/oder
  • • zumindest eine den und die Sensoren aufnehmende Pinole,

und zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass eine oder mehrere der zwischen den Messkreiselementen vorliegenden mechanischen Verbindungen (Paarungen), vorzugsweise kraftschlüssigen Verbindungen, durch zumindest ein die Reibung bzw. den Reibwert (Reibbeiwert bzw. Reibungskoeffizient) zwischen den jeweils gepaarten Messkreiselementen erhöhendes Element wie Friction Insert oder Friction Shim ergänzt ist, vorzugsweise dieses zwischen den jeweils gepaarten Messkreiselementen angeordnet ist.A device according to the invention comprises a coordinate measuring machine at least comprising a measuring table designed to hold a workpiece to be measured and at least one sensor designed to detect the workpiece, and comprising connecting elements between the measuring table and the sensor, wherein a measuring circuit connecting the workpiece and sensor or respective sensor is formed by the following Elements (measuring circuit elements):

• - measuring table or parts thereof,
• - one or more sensors or parts thereof,
• - some of the connecting elements, preferably:
  • • base or parts thereof,
  • • at least one, two or three measuring axes for the relative movement of the sensor and measuring table to one another and/or
  • • at least one quill that accommodates the sensor(s),

and is characterized in that one or more of the mechanical connections (pairings) present between the measuring circle elements, preferably non-positive connections, are provided by at least one element, such as a friction insert, which increases the friction or the coefficient of friction (coefficient of friction or coefficient of friction) between the respective paired measuring circle elements or Friction Shim is supplemented, preferably this is arranged between the paired measuring circuit elements.

In particular, the invention is characterized in that the friction-increasing element has a flat shape such as a disk shape or a rectangular shape such as a strip, preferably designed as a washer in a screw connection or washer strip in a pairing comprising several screw connections.

It is preferably provided that one or more of the measuring axes comprises at least one guide carriage, at least one guide track such as a runner guiding the guide carriage and at least one base from which the guide track extends, the friction-increasing element being arranged in the connection of the guide track with the base , preferably the connection is designed as one or more screw connections, particularly preferably the friction-increasing element is designed as a shim.

It should also be emphasized that the friction-increasing element is arranged in the connection of a sensor with a quill, preferably the connection is designed as a screw connection.

• - der Basis und der die Pinole tragenden Brücke oder Säule und/oder
• - der Pinole und der Brücke oder Säule und/oder
• - der Basis und einer ein Verbindungselement oder Sensor oder Detektor oder Strahlungsquelle eines als Computertomografen ausgebildeten Koordinatenmessgerätes tragenden Säule,
• - einem Verbindungselement und einem Sensor oder Detektor oder Strahlungsquelle eines als Computertomografen ausgebildeten Koordinatenmessgerätes,

vorzugsweise die Verbindung als Schraubverbindung ausgeführt ist.The invention is also characterized in that the friction-increasing element is arranged in the connection between two of the connecting elements, in particular between

• - the base and the bridge or column supporting the quill and/or
• - the quill and the bridge or column and/or
• - the base and a column carrying a connecting element or sensor or detector or radiation source of a coordinate measuring machine designed as a computer tomograph,
• - a connecting element and a sensor or detector or radiation source of a coordinate measuring machine designed as a computer tomograph,

preferably the connection is designed as a screw connection.

• - Messtisch und/oder Sensor und/oder Pinole, oder Teile davon,
• - öffenbare Tür, vorzugsweise Tür eines als Computertomograf ausgebildeten Koordinatenmessgeräts,
• - Detektor und/oder Strahlungsquelle wie Röntgenröhre eines als Computertomograf ausgebildeten Koordinatenmessgeräts,
• - zumindest eines der Verbindungselemente,

das sich dadurch auszeichnet, dass eine oder mehrere der zwischen den Transportsicherungsmitteln und den Komponenten vorliegenden mechanischen Verbindungen (Paarungen), vorzugsweise kraftschlüssigen Verbindungen, durch zumindest ein die Reibung bzw. den Reibwert (Reibbeiwert bzw. Reibungskoeffizient) erhöhendes Element wie Friction Insert oder Friction Shim ergänzt ist, vorzugsweise dieses zwischen den jeweils gepaarten Elementen angeordnet ist.According to a particularly noteworthy proposal, which is also provided independently of the aforementioned device according to the invention, a coordinate measuring machine is provided comprising a base, a measuring table designed to hold the workpiece to be measured, at least one sensor designed to detect the workpiece, connecting elements between the measuring table and the sensor, and for the Holding means (transport securing means) provided for transporting the coordinate measuring machine for fastening at least one of the following components:

• - Measuring table and/or sensor and/or quill, or parts thereof,
• - openable door, preferably the door of a coordinate measuring machine designed as a computer tomograph,
• - Detector and/or radiation source such as an X-ray tube of a coordinate measuring machine designed as a computer tomograph,
• - at least one of the connecting elements,

which is characterized in that one or more of the mechanical connections (pairings), preferably non-positive connections, present between the transport securing means and the components are provided by at least one element which increases the friction or the coefficient of friction (coefficient of friction or coefficient of friction), such as a friction insert or friction shim is supplemented, preferably this is arranged between the paired elements.

It should be particularly emphasized that the coordinate measuring machine has at least one further sensor, such as a tactile sensor, tactile-optical sensor, optical distance sensor, image processing sensor and/or computer tomography sensor and/or that the coordinate measuring machine is designed as a computer tomograph having at least one detector and a radiation source.

The subject of an independent invention is a method for determining geometric properties of workpieces using a tactile-optical sensor in a coordinate measuring machine or coordinate measuring system.

Tactile-optical sensors and methods for operating them are known from several of the applicant's publications, for example WO9857121A1 , WO9953269A1 , WO9963301A1 , WO0225206A1 , WO2015082683A2 , DE102010060833 and the DE102014117978 . In the latter, an image correlation is prescribed, which makes it possible to find any objects in the image. For this purpose, a reference image (template) of the non-deflected probing element or the target mark is generated and saved in advance. This template is then searched for in the image during the measurement (deflected probing element or target mark). The location with the greatest similarity value corresponds to the center position of the probing element or the target mark.

However, the disadvantage of the known methods is that the image correlation requires a very high computational effort and therefore a very long computing time when the image size, i.e. the number of pixels, increases, for example when using cameras with a higher resolution in the image processing sensor. Effort and computing time increase disproportionately, at least quadratically with the number of pixels. However, in order to be able to measure very precisely with the tactile-optical sensor, a high resolution is required. However, this can only be achieved by increasing the magnification of the optics of the image processing sensor to the extent that the size of the detected mark allows this. This must still be completely captured in the captured image, even with the maximum permissible deflection. Therefore, to further increase the resolution, the pixel size in the recorded image must be increased, for example by using higher resolution cameras, which increases the number of pixels and causes the aforementioned computing time problems.

In addition to single-point measurements, the tactile-optical sensor is also operated in scanning mode. In order not to lose contact with the workpiece even at high scanning speeds, especially when the course of the workpiece surface is unknown in advance, it is therefore necessary to determine the deflection very quickly in order to ensure appropriate control of the deflection. The evaluation speed of the image correlation methods according to the state of the art limits the maximum permissible scanning speed or the achievable accuracy; fast and yet precise measurements cannot be achieved at the same time.

A further object of the present invention is therefore to improve the measurement of geometric properties of workpieces with a tactile-optical sensor in terms of accuracy and permissible scanning speed.

To solve this, the invention provides two independent methods, which can also be used in combination particularly advantageously.

The first method is characterized by the fact that only a section of the images used for image correlation is evaluated. This has the advantage that the number of pixels is reduced. It must be ensured that the section contains the portion relevant for the image correlation determination, i.e. the portion in which the brand is depicted. For the reference image (also called template image) recorded in the undeflected state, this is usually an area in the center. Depending on the adjustment state, the mark can also be depicted slightly off-center, for example if the tactile extension is operated in a state that is pivoted out of the vertical. The size of the section results from the size of the image of the brand in the template image and can vary between different tactile-optical sensors (brand itself, magnification of the optics and size of the camera chip can vary). However, it remains always a distance from the edge of the image, as otherwise a deflected mark would no longer be completely reflected in the measurement image and errors could occur in the image correlation. For the measurement image or measurement image data recorded in the deflected state (it can also be a superposition of several measurement images), the detail is determined based on the measurement image recorded beforehand, in particular in the measurement image recorded immediately before, i.e. based on the history of the deflection, because Large jumps in deflection are generally not to be expected if the image recording frequency is selected high enough relative to the scanning speed. In addition to the history of the deflection (amount and direction) itself, the change in the deflection, determined from several previously recorded measurement images, can also be used to predict the deflection and thus the expected position of the mark in the measurement image. According to a particularly noteworthy solution, it is also planned to use target data such as CAD data of the workpiece to predict the deflection. For example, the path defined for scanning along the target data is evaluated and changes in direction are taken into account. If the surface moves away from the tactile-optical sensor in a certain direction during the scanning movement, the resulting change in deflection can be predicted taking into account the relative movement of the workpiece and sensor during scanning.

In the second method, the number of pixels to be evaluated for image correlation is reduced by processing measurement image data and/or the template image with reduced resolution (number of pixels), for example by converting the native image data into image data with larger pixels by binning . This has the advantage that the deflection is not yet determined with full resolution and accuracy, but a value for the deflection is available very quickly, which can be used to control the deflection during scanning. The exact determination of the deflection based on the fully resolved image data can be done downstream. According to a particularly noteworthy inventive solution, this step is only applied to the section of the image data, which means that it can be carried out particularly quickly. A further acceleration also results from the image correlation of the binned image data if this is only applied to the section, i.e. a combination with the above-mentioned first method takes place.

The evaluation can be further accelerated by outsourcing, in particular the image correlation, to a GPU (graphics processing unit). However, the additional data transfer of image data to and from the GPU must be taken into account.

• - nur für einen Ausschnitt der Messbild-Daten, und vorzugsweise nur für einen Ausschnitt des Template-Bildes, und/oder
• - für Messbild-Daten und/oder Template-Bild mit verringerter Auflösung (Pixelanzahl)

erfolgt.A method according to the invention for determining geometric properties of workpieces with a tactile-optical sensor in a coordinate measuring machine or coordinate measuring system provides that several measuring points on the surface of the workpiece are recorded and linked to dimensions, the tactile-optical sensor having a flexible probe extension at least one probing element and at least one mark, preferably formed by the probing element or a mark emanating from the flexible probe extension, and an image processing sensor for detecting the mark, and wherein the deflection of the probing element is perpendicular (X and Y directions) to the direction of the flexible Probe extension (Z direction) is determined using an image correlation method, in which image data of the mark recorded with the image processing sensor when the probing element (reference image or template image) is not deflected are compared with when the probing element (measuring image data) is deflected, and is characterized by this from that the determination of the image correlation, in particular the shift of measurement image data to the template image,

• - only for a section of the measurement image data, and preferably only for a section of the template image, and/or
• - for measurement image data and/or template image with reduced resolution (number of pixels)

he follows.

In particular, the invention is characterized in that the section of the measurement image data used for the image correlation is an expected area within the measurement image data, which is determined based on a previously determined deflection (direction and amount), and preferably additionally based on the time previously determined change in deflection (direction), in particular direction and amount of change in deflection.

It is preferably provided that the section of the template image used for the image correlation is set centrally around the image of the mark, with the section for measurement image data preferably being set to the same size.

It should also be emphasized that the resolution is reduced by binning the measurement image data and/or the template image or the section thereof, for example by 2×2 - binning the number of pixels is reduced to a quarter.

The invention is also characterized in that after the determination of the deflection with reduced resolution, a more refined determination of the deflection is carried out in that an image correlation with non-reduced resolution is carried out in the section of the measurement image data and/or the template image around the previously determined deflection resolution (number of pixels).

In particular, the invention is characterized in that at least part of the method, preferably image correlation calculation, is processed on a GPU.

The subject of an independent invention is a method for operating a coordinate measuring machine with a rotating unit with a clamping device comprising a tip for a workpiece to be measured, such as a tool or shaft.

In known coordinate measuring machines with a rotating unit for measuring geometric properties (features) on a workpiece such as a tool, for example a drill or milling cutter, or shaft, the workpiece is held by a clamping device which includes a tip, the usually conical section of which is inserted into a centering opening on the Workpiece intervenes. The opposite side of the workpiece is usually held by a counter center. The tip can be rotatable and rotates the workpiece. If the tip cannot be rotated (fixed tip), the workpiece is rotated by a so-called driver. In different rotational positions of the rotating unit, and thus of the workpiece, measuring points, in particular on the circumference of the workpiece, are recorded by at least one sensor of the coordinate measuring machine. In order to determine the geometric properties as accurately as possible, the measuring points are evaluated relative to the position of the workpiece axis. Since the clamping cannot ensure reliably and accurately enough that the workpiece axis and the axis around which the turntable of the rotating unit rotates are identical, it can be assumed that the workpiece axis will wobble. The workpiece axis points in a slightly different direction depending on the rotation position.

In order to determine the position of the workpiece axis, methods are known in which this is determined directly on the circumference of a shaft of the workpiece. However, such an area may not be present on the workpiece itself, may not be suitable, or may not be accessible for detection. In these cases, so-called centering openings or centering bores are provided in the workpieces at at least one end, which define the workpiece axis and into which the conical region of the tip of the clamping device engages. In order to determine the workpiece axis in the clamped state of the workpiece, it is now necessary to record the centering opening or the position of its axis of symmetry. However, due to the pairing with the tip, the centering opening is usually completely inaccessible. The DE102016203590 As a solution, suggests using a tip that has recesses in order to make the centering opening at least partially detectable. This process is very complex because measuring points can only be recorded piecemeal in the area of the recesses. Continuous scanning capture is not possible. Since only small areas can be detected, the accuracy of determining the position of the workpiece axis is limited. The detection of measuring points also requires a sensor suitable for engaging in the recesses. In addition, the use requires special tips and cannot be transferred to the widely used full tips.

Another possible solution for determining the workpiece axis would be to record the axis of symmetry of the conical section of the tip. However, this is largely inaccessible due to the intervention in the centering opening of the workpiece to be measured. The potentially accessible part usually has a measurable section that is too small, meaning that the axial position cannot be determined precisely enough. If the conical section of the tip is to be easily accessible, the workpiece must be unclamped. However, the axial position then determined can deviate from the axial position that exists when the workpiece is clamped due to the clamping forces and the weight of the workpiece, so measurement deviations must also be expected here.

In known methods, the position of the workpiece axis is therefore determined by measuring the usually cylindrical and easily accessible collar of the tip with the workpiece clamped and using its axis of symmetry. It is assumed that the axis of symmetry of the centering opening and the axis of symmetry of the collar are aligned. However, this is not always the case precisely enough, for example if the axes of symmetry of the centering opening and the conical section of the tip are still aligned, but the axes of symmetry of the conical section of the tip and the collar of the tip are not. Deviations in the production of the tip or signs of wear can lead to inaccurate determination of the position of the workpiece axis and thus to measurement deviations when determining the geometric properties.

A further object of the present invention is therefore to provide an improved, in particular more precise method for determining geometric properties on a workpiece to provide, in which the workpiece is clamped in a receiving device having a tip and at least part of the workpiece is detected by a sensor in several rotational positions. The disadvantages of the prior art should be avoided, in particular deviations due to insufficient alignment of the axes of symmetry of the collar (hereinafter also referred to as the tip collar) and the conical section of the tip (hereinafter also referred to as the tip cone) should be avoided or at least reduced.

To solve this, the invention provides that the relative position (hereinafter abbreviated as cone-collar position) between the axis (axis of symmetry) of the tip cone (cone axis) and the axis (axis of symmetry) of the tip collar (collar axis) is determined and used in the evaluation of the sensor data Determination of the geometric property on the workpiece is taken into account. The specific cone-collar position can be used, for example, when determining a reference axis, in particular the workpiece axis, and thus for the evaluation.

Particularly preferably, the collar axis is determined with the workpiece clamped and this is then corrected using the taper-collar position, which is particularly preferably determined without the workpiece clamped, in order to obtain the workpiece axis.

A method according to the invention for operating a coordinate measuring machine comprising at least one sensor such as an optical sensor or tactile sensor or tactile-optical sensor, and a rotating unit, at least comprising a turntable with a clamping device, which has at least a first receiving device in the form of a rotatable or fixed tip, and Preferably a second recording device such as a rotatable or fixed counter tip provides that, in order to determine geometric properties on a workpiece, at least part of the workpiece is recorded with the sensor in several rotational positions, set by rotating the turntable, and sensor data are determined, the tip the first receiving device has a conical section (tip cone) intended for contact with the workpiece, in particular the centering opening of the workpiece, and at least one section (tip collar), preferably cylindrical section, not intended for contact with the workpiece, and is characterized in that the relative position (cone-collar position) between the axis of the tip cone (cone axis) and the axis of the tip collar (collar axis) is determined and is taken into account when evaluating the sensor data to determine the geometric property on the workpiece, preferably used to determine a reference axis, in particular the workpiece axis becomes.

The tip cone can be a conical tip, but other rotationally symmetrical shapes are also provided, for example a truncated cone.

• - als Bezugsachse für die in der jeweiligen Drehstellung aufgenommenen Sensordaten wie Messpunkte oder Bilddaten verwendet wird und/oder
• - für die Korrektur der in der jeweiligen Drehstellung aufgenommenen Sensordaten wie Messpunkte oder Bilddaten verwendet wird, insbesondere Verschiebung der Messpunkte oder Bilddaten.

In particular, the invention is characterized in that by taking into account the taper-collar position, the position of the workpiece axis in space, which is dependent on the rotational position, is determined and

• - is used as a reference axis for the sensor data recorded in the respective rotational position, such as measuring points or image data and/or
• - used to correct the sensor data recorded in the respective rotational position, such as measuring points or image data, in particular shifting the measuring points or image data.

It is preferably provided that the position of the collar axis in the coordinate system of the coordinate measuring machine or sensor is determined and taken into account when evaluating the geometric property on the workpiece, preferably the collar axis is determined with the workpiece clamped.

The collar can tilt slightly due to clamping forces or the weight of the workpiece, and with it the tip. Therefore, the position of the collar axis is only determined after clamping.

It should also be emphasized that the position of the coordinate systems of the coordinate measuring machine and the sensor relative to one another is determined and is taken into account when evaluating the geometric properties of the workpiece.

The invention is also characterized in that the cone-collar position is determined for one rotational position and is used rotated for further rotational positions in accordance with the respective rotational position.

This rotation of the cone-collar position is necessary when using rotating or rotating tips.

In particular, the invention is characterized in that, in order to determine the cone-collar position, several measuring points are recorded with the sensor and/or another sensor in the or another coordinate measuring machine on the tip cone and on the tip collar the, preferably in several rotational positions of one or the turntable.

It is preferably provided that an axis of symmetry is determined as the cone axis or collar axis from the measuring points recorded on the tip cone and tip collar.

It should also be emphasized that the specific cone-collar position includes an angle in space and an offset or offset vector, preferably an offset vector between the intersection of the cone axis and the intersection of the collar axis with a predetermined plane such as a plane perpendicular to the cone axis or perpendicular to the collar axis .

The cone-collar position describes the tilting and offset of the cone axis to the collar axis.

The invention is also characterized in that the measuring points on the tip cone are recorded without a workpiece being recorded and/or in that the measuring points on the tip cone are recorded with the workpiece recorded and the measuring points on the tip cone are recorded in the areas not covered by the workpiece.

This embodiment is particularly preferably also provided in order to realize a correction of the taper-collar position by first determining the taper axis without a clamped workpiece and additionally determining the taper axis with a clamped workpiece. Although the recorded area is smaller when the workpiece is clamped and the determination is therefore less precise, changes in the taper-collar position caused by the clamping forces can be detected and corrected.

In particular, the invention is characterized in that the rotational position of the tip relative to the turntable, in particular to the chuck of the turntable, is determined by a marking on the tip.

This ensures that the cone-collar layer is still used correctly in space even after the tip has been unclamped and re-clamped.

It is preferably provided that in the event that the rotational position of the tip relative to the turntable, in particular to the chuck of the turntable, is different from the rotational position determined by the marking on the tip, the cone-collar position is determined by recording measuring points on the tip cone and on the tip collar is determined again or the previously determined cone-collar position in space is mathematically rotated by the angle around the axis of the turntable by which the marking was rotated from the specified position.

“Predetermined” means the taper-collar position determined for the rotational position specified by the mark. For example, the marking can be a line at the tip, for example the collar of the tip, which is brought into line with another marking, for example a zero position on the chuck of the turntable. If the tip and the chuck are twisted relative to each other, the existing angle of rotation can be easily determined (an approximate determination is sufficient in most cases) and the taper-collar axis can be mathematically transformed accordingly.

It should also be emphasized that the first holding device comprises a rotatable tip connected to the rotatable part of the turntable and with this the workpiece is rotated or that the first holding device comprises a fixed tip and a driver connected to the rotatable part of the turntable, wherein the workpiece is rotated by coupling with the driver.

The subject of an independent invention is a device for connecting a wired sensor to a rotatably movable device of a coordinate measuring machine such as a rotary device, a swivel device or a rotary-swivel device.

Rotary device, swivel device and rotary-swivel device are hereinafter referred to as DS device. According to the invention it is provided that the inventive solution is alternatively applied to a pure rotary device, pure swivel device or one or both rotatably movable devices of a rotary-pivot device.

In the known devices for connecting a wired sensor to a rotatably movable device, either an unguided cable loop running outside the DS device is used or the signals to be transmitted run via a rotatable central coupling or via slip rings eccentrically to the respective axis of rotation of the DS device. Unguided cable loops have the disadvantage that an unwanted and possibly impermissible kinking of the cable (particularly in the case of optical fibers) or another unwanted movement occurs during the rotation or pivoting movements, in particular the cable loops collide with adjacent components or get caught or jammed in them men can. Rotatable centric couplings and slip rings are very complex to design and are subject to high levels of wear.

An object of the present invention is therefore to design the connection of a sensor, in particular a sensor with an optical fiber such as a chromatic confocal sensor, to a DS device in such a way that, with a simple structural design, the cable connection is movable during rotary or pivoting movements Area (“movable cable section”) is guided along a defined route without kinking or jamming.

To solve this, the invention provides that the cable connection in the area of the DS device is guided eccentrically to the respective rotation or pivot axis by at least two boundary surfaces, the boundary surfaces forming a guide section of the D/S device when the D/S device rotates or pivots Allow the movable cable section to move, but still guide it between them to create a defined route. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the boundary surfaces form a corridor which runs on a helical path around the rotation or pivot axis of the DS device (helix sleeve) and is wide enough so that the guide section can be clamped therein without being clamped inside or outside to be able to move in all intended rotation or pivot positions of the DS device.

When rotating or pivoting, the guide section guided in the helix sleeve contracts or expands in diameter. In order to avoid jamming, kinking or excessive friction, the helix sleeve has a correspondingly small inner and large outer diameter. It is also provided that at least the guide section is covered, for example with a plastic zipper tube, in order to reduce friction.

A device according to the invention for connecting a sensor to a rotating and/or pivoting device (DS device) of a coordinate measuring machine, the DS device starting from a quill that is relatively movable in relation to the workpiece to be measured and the respective rotating or Pivoting device consists of a rotatably or pivotably movable and a fixed part, and the sensor originates from the DS device and has at least one cable connection which runs between the sensor and the quill, the cable connection being in the area between the respective rotatably movable and the respective fixed part of the DS device runs at least partially eccentrically to the rotation and/or pivot axis of the DS device, is characterized in that at least a part (called the guide section) of the cable connection (called the guide section) running in the area of the DS device ( called “movable cable section”) runs in an area defined by at least two boundary surfaces, which is designed such that the guide section of the movable cable section remains between the boundary surfaces and is movable between them during the rotation or pivoting movement of the DS device is.

In particular, the invention is characterized in that the boundary surfaces enclose the guide section perpendicular to its direction of extension and form a corridor.

It is preferably provided that the guide section runs eccentrically to the rotation or pivot axis of the DS device.

It should also be emphasized that the boundary surfaces, preferably the corridor, run along a helical path around the rotation or pivot axis of the DS device (helix sleeve).

The invention is also characterized in that the boundary surfaces, preferably the corridor, have an inner diameter that is smaller than the smallest diameter of the guide section, which results from all intended rotational and / or pivoting positions of the DS device and that the boundary surfaces, preferably the corridor, have an outer diameter that is larger than the largest diameter of the guide section, which results from all intended rotation and / or pivot positions of the DS device.

According to a particularly noteworthy proposal, it is provided that the boundary surfaces, preferably the corridor, and the guide section extend in an angular range around the rotation and / or pivot axis of the DS device of at least 90 °, and preferably a maximum of 5 turns, particularly preferably have a maximum of 3 turns.

The helix sleeve or the corridor can be implemented, for example, by introducing an inner cylinder into the interior of a hollow cylinder, which has a recess on its outer surface that runs along a helix path.

It should be particularly emphasized that the helix sleeve has a different diameter and/or a different pitch in the direction of the rotation or pivot axis.

Helix sections of the helix sleeve can have different pitches in the direction of the rotation or pivot axis or the course corresponds to a helix with a varying pitch, for example in a direction of increasing or decreasing pitch. In addition, the diameter of the helix sleeve can decrease or increase in the direction of the rotation or pivot axis, which results from the unwinding or winding up during the rotational movement of the DS device.

Furthermore, the invention is characterized in that the cable connection runs at least partially inside the DS device and/or at least partially outside the DS device.

In particular, the invention is characterized in that the cable connection comprises an optical conductor such as an optical waveguide.

It is preferably provided that the cable connection additionally has at least one cable for controlling a pivoting device emanating from the rotating device or a rotating device emanating from a pivoting device, the cable running in the identical or a separate corridor.

It should also be emphasized that at least the guide section is covered, for example with a plastic zipper tube.

The invention is also characterized in that the cable connection and/or the cable runs through the DS device without interruption like a plug.

According to a particularly noteworthy proposal, it is provided that holders for fastening the cable connection and/or the cable are arranged on or near one or both ends of the boundary surfaces in the direction of the course of the cable connection or the cable.

It should be particularly emphasized that the rotation and/or pivoting range of the DS device is limited to a range smaller than +/- 360°, preferably a maximum of +/- 180°, preferably by a stop such as a pin.

Furthermore, the invention is characterized in that the DS device is detachably connected to the quill, preferably having an automatic changeover interface for manual removal and/or automatic storage in a parking station of the coordinate measuring machine.

In particular, the invention is characterized in that the sensor is detachably connected to the DS device, preferably having an automatic changeover interface for manual removal and/or automatic storage in a parking station of the coordinate measuring machine.

Further details, advantages and features of the invention result not only from the claims, the features to be taken from them - individually and/or in combination - but also from the following description of the figures.

• 1 eine Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung am Beispiel der Befestigung einer Führungsbahn eines Koordinatenmessgerätes und einer beispielhaften Transportsicherung für die Pinole,
• 2 eine beispielhafte Darstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens zur Berücksichtigung der Relativlage (Kegel-Bund-Lage) zwischen der Achse des Spitzenkegels (Kegelachse) und der Achse des Spitzenbunds (Bundachse) und
• 3 eine Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit einer DS-Einrichtung in einem Koordinatenmessgerät.

Show it:

• 1 an embodiment of the device according to the invention using the example of fastening a guide track of a coordinate measuring machine and an exemplary transport lock for the quill,
• 2 an exemplary representation of the method according to the invention for taking into account the relative position (cone-collar position) between the axis of the tip cone (cone axis) and the axis of the tip collar (collar axis) and
• 3 an embodiment of the device according to the invention with a DS device in a coordinate measuring machine.

Based on 1 the device according to the invention is shown as an example for the attachment of a guide track 22 or guide rail of one of the measuring axes 23 of a coordinate measuring machine 21, here for a horizontal measuring axis 23a with a rail guide with guide carriage 24. The guide carriages 24 carry the measuring table 25 on which the The workpiece 31 to be measured is arranged and can be moved along the guide track 22 in the X direction. The corresponding drive means are not shown for simplicity. The guide track 22 is designed as a runner and extends from a base 26, via which the connection is made via a connecting element designed as a column 27 and two further measuring axes 23 (Y slide 23b for the Y direction and quill 23c for the Z direction). a sensor 28 is realized. The friction-increasing element 29 is arranged between the guide track 22 and the base 26 and has the shape of a shim. Guide track 22 and base 26 are connected to one another by several screw connections 30, with the friction-increasing element 29 improving the adhesion, making it more difficult for the paired parts guide track 22 and base 26 to move relative to one another.

1 also shows the exemplary design of a transport lock 32 for the quill 23c. The transport lock 32 is only attached for the transport or to secure the coordinate measuring machine 21 by screw connections 30 and connects the components Y-slide 23b and quill 23c in order to avoid movement of the quill 23c and the sensor 28 attached to it in the Z direction . In order to increase the frictional forces, the friction-increasing element 29 is arranged between the transport lock 32 and the quill 23c.

2 shows an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention for taking into account the relative position (cone-collar position 40, 41) between the axis 42 of the conical tip cone 43 (cone axis 42) and the axis 45 of the cylindrical tip collar 46 (collar axis 45). Starting from a known coordinate measuring machine 47, which has measuring axes, not shown here, for at least two-dimensional, preferably three-dimensional relative positioning between at least one sensor 48 and a workpiece 49 to be measured (of which only the lower part is shown here) and further assemblies, not shown, for example one Base such as measuring table 50 (shown here only in the central area) for receiving a rotating unit 51, the rotating unit 51 is shown in more detail. This includes a turntable 52 with a clamping device 53, which in turn includes a first receiving device in the form of the rotatable tip 54. The counter tip for receiving the workpiece 49 at the opposite end of the workpiece 49 is not shown, but can be provided and corresponds to a known arrangement according to the prior art. The rotatable part 52a of the turntable 52 is designed to rotate the tip 54 inserted in a chuck 52b about the rotation axis 52c. A centering opening 49a is provided on the workpiece 49, which is paired with the tip cone 43 when the workpiece 49 is clamped in the clamping device 53, i.e. touches it, whereby an area 43a can remain free for detection with the sensor 48, i.e. not from the workpiece 49 is covered. To measure the geometric property 49b, here for example the concentricity in a recess on the workpiece circumference 49c, an area of the workpiece 49 is detected with the sensor 48 in several rotational positions of the rotatable part 52a of the turntable 52. An optical distance sensor 48 is shown as an example, which records sensor data, here measuring points on the surface 49b, 49c of the workpiece 49. However, according to the invention, the use of a tactile sensor or a tactile-optical sensor, or an optical image processing sensor that records image data as sensor data is also provided. The rotation unit 51 is arranged here, for example, so that the rotation axis 52c is aligned vertically. This arrangement is advantageous for heavy workpieces 49. Alternatively, the invention also provides an arrangement in which the rotation unit 51 is arranged such that the rotation axis 52c runs horizontally.

In the case which is not shown to scale, i.e. in an exaggerated manner, the position of the axis 42 of the conical tip cone 43 (cone axis 42) and the axis 45 of the cylindrical tip collar 46 (collar axis 45) differ. As a result, the workpiece axis 44 of the workpiece 49 is not aligned with the axis of rotation 52c of the turntable and not with the collar axis 45 of the tip, which may have been measured as a reference. The relative position between the cone axis 42 and the collar axis 45 is referred to here as the cone-collar position and is described here as an example by a tilt (angle 40) and an offset 41. The angle 40 of the tilt can be three-dimensional in space. For reasons of simplicity, the figure shows the case that the tilting only occurs within the drawing plane. Likewise, the offset 41 can be a vector in three-dimensional space. For the sake of simplicity, the distance in the drawing plane is shown here, which is between the intersection of the cone axis 42 with the plane perpendicular to the collar axis 45, which runs through the cone tip of the tip cone 43, and the intersection of the collar axis 45 with this plane. To determine the cone-collar position 40, 41, and from this the workpiece axis 44 used as a reference, the invention provides that several measuring points with the sensor 48 and / or another sensor in the coordinate measuring machine 47 or another coordinate measuring machine on the tip cone 43 and on the tip collar 46 are recorded, preferably in several rotational positions of one or the turntable 52. A compensation element is then determined from the measuring points, i.e. a cylinder for the tip collar 46 and a cone for the tip cone 43, and their axis of symmetry is determined, which represent the collar axis 45 or the cone axis 42. By measuring, i.e. determining the position of the collar axis 45 in the coordinate system of the coordinate measuring machine 47 or the sensor 48, which is measured in the coordinate system of the coordinate measuring machine 47, the position of the workpiece axis 44 is determined by adding the cone-collar position 40, 41 determined according to the invention determined in the coordinate system of the coordinate measuring machine 47 or the sensor 48 and taken into account as a reference (reference axis) when evaluating the sensor data of the sensor 48 to determine the geometric property 49b on the workpiece 49. The chuck 52b of the turntable 52 has a marking 52d, for example at a zero position of the turntable. The tip 54 has a mark 54a at a location on the circumference. Both are brought into coincidence when inserting the tip 54 into the chuck 52b in order to achieve a fixed To ensure the rotational position of the tip 54. As a result, the cone-collar position 40, 41, once determined, can be transferred to further measurements with the tip 54, even if it is previously dismantled or used in another turntable or coordinate measuring machine.

The 3 shows an exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention, which includes a DS device 2, 3, 4 with a sensor 1 in a coordinate measuring machine 5 shown in part. The coordinate measuring machine 5 includes, among other things, means for relative movement between a workpiece 6 to be measured and at least one sensor 1 designed to measure the workpiece 6, shown here in part by a measuring table 7a movable in the X and Y directions and the quill movable in the Z direction 7. The elements connecting the measuring table 7a and quill 7, the axis measuring systems for measuring the movement of the measuring axes 7a, 7 and other typical components of a coordinate measuring machine 5 are not shown to simplify the illustration.

In the case shown, the DS device 2 consists of a rotating device 3 extending from the quill 7 and a pivoting device 4 extending from this. The rotating device 3 has a fixed part 3b and a part 3a which can be rotated about the axis of rotation 3c , the pivoting device 4 has a fixed part 4b and a part 4a that can be rotated about the axis of rotation 4c. The fixed part 4b of the pivoting device 4 originates directly or indirectly from the rotatable part 3a of the rotating device 3. The sensor 1, here for example a fiber-coupled optical distance sensor based on the chromatic confocal principle, starts from the rotatable part 4a of the pivoting device 4 and is therefore rotatable and pivotable in relation to the quill 7. To transmit the measurement signal, the cable connection 8, here an optical fiber for example, runs from the quill 7 to the sensor 12 and thus along or through the DS device 2, characterized by the movable cable section 8b. The cable section to be guided according to the invention when rotating the rotating device 3 or when pivoting the pivoting device 4 is marked 8a and is referred to as the guide section. 9a and 9b denote two of the boundary surfaces according to the invention, here exemplified as a lateral surface or a radial surface of a helix path, which delimit the area 10, which is designed here as a corridor along a helix path. The corridor 10 is formed, for example, by the helix sleeve 9 and the optical fiber 8 runs within the corridor 10, which here delimits the area 10 from all four sides, but is sufficiently large so that the optical fiber 8 is located therein in its direction of propagation and the associated change in diameter can move when DS device 2, 3, 4 rotates or pivots without getting caught or buckled.

To fix the cable sections 8a to be guided, the holders 11 are provided, which are each arranged at or near the entrance and exit of the helix sleeve 9. The holders 11 thus largely define the cable sections 8a to be routed. The number of turns of the helix sleeve 9 and the diameter of the helix are to be selected based on the desired rotation angle range and the available installation space, whereby the diameter of the helix is to be selected taking into account the minimum permissible bending radius of the optical fiber 8. To mechanically limit the angle of rotation range, the invention provides, in addition to electronic and software limits, also mechanical limits through a stop such as pins 12. In the example shown, a rotation range or swivel range of approximately 360° is achieved.

Not shown, but provided according to the invention, it is that the DS device 2 or the rotating device 3 is detachably connected to the quill 7. Between the two, an automatic changeover interface for manual removal or automatic storage and pickup again in a parking station of the coordinate measuring machine 5 can be provided. Depositing or picking up the pivoting device 4 from the quill 7 or from the rotating device 3 is also provided according to the invention by means of an interchangeable interface. The same is provided for the sensor 1, which can originate from the rotating device 3 or the pivoting device 4 via an interchangeable interface. According to the invention, it is also provided that the rotating device 3 or the pivoting device 4 are stored and the sensor 1 can be attached to the remaining pivoting device 4 or rotating device 3 emanating from the quill 7 via an interchangeable interface. It is also provided that the sensor can be attached directly to the quill 7 via an interchangeable interface. This enables a particularly high level of flexibility for the use of the sensor 1 in terms of adjustable measuring direction and consideration of installation space limitations due to the workpiece to be measured, other workpieces that may be on the measuring table and parts of the coordinate measuring machine such as parking stations. In addition to the mechanical interface, for example fixed by magnets, the corresponding interchangeable interfaces must also have an interface for the cable connection 8. This can be provided in the area of the holder 11; in the case of the optical fiber 8, the interchangeable interface can have a fiber coupler.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

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Claims (10)

Method for generating and/or processing data assigned to workpieces (PMI data, also target data or target elements), preferably CAD data, and/or measurement sequence data used for executing a measuring program for measuring geometric properties of the workpiece, characterized in that the generation and/or processing of the PMI data and preferably the measurement sequence data is carried out automatically by software and/or at least partially manually by an operator in software, the software being designed to create and preferably execute, a measurement program generated from at least part of the PMI data for a coordinate measuring machine designed to measure the geometric properties of the workpiece, preferably a multisensor coordinate measuring machine, or a computer tomograph designed or a computer tomograph designed as a coordinate measuring machine or a multisensor coordinate measuring machine. Device for carrying out the method according to at least Claim 1 , characterized in that a data processing device such as a control PC is designed to execute the software, the data processing device also being designed to create, and preferably execute, a measurement program generated from at least part of the PMI data for a measurement of the geometric properties of the Workpiece designed coordinate measuring machine, computer tomograph or computer tomograph designed as a coordinate measuring machine. Method for operating a coordinate measuring machine, comprising at least one image processing sensor (BV sensor) which captures image data (images), in particular captures images of the workpiece to be measured or of several workpieces to be measured, and comprising at least two measuring axes, preferably three measuring axes, for carrying out relative movements between the BV sensor and the workpiece or workpieces to be measured, in particular relative movement between the BV sensor and a measuring table from which the at least one workpiece originates, one of the measuring axes (Z-axis) in the direction or almost in the direction of the optical axis of the Image processing sensor runs and at least one of the measurement axes (X-axis and / or Y-axis) runs perpendicular or almost perpendicular to it, and comprising at least one image memory for storing captured images, and comprising a computing unit for evaluating the image data of several of the images, and comprising at least a control for controlling the measuring axes and for transmitting the images to the computing unit, characterized in that images are recorded in several different positions of the measuring axes, in particular images are recorded in several different positions of at least two of the measuring axes, particularly preferably in several different positions of all three measuring axes Images are taken and the images are stored in the image memory. Device for carrying out the method according to at least Claim 3 , characterized in that the coordinate measuring machine is assigned an image memory which is designed to store image data in a voxel volume with a voxel grid and to make it available for further evaluation. Method for operating a coordinate measuring machine, comprising at least one image processing sensor (BV sensor) which captures image data (images), in particular captures images of the workpiece to be measured or of several workpieces to be measured, and comprising at least two measuring axes, preferably three measuring axes, for carrying out relative movements between the BV sensor and the workpiece or workpieces to be measured, in particular relative movement between the BV sensor and a measuring table from which the at least one workpiece originates, one of the measuring axes (Z-axis) in the direction or almost in the direction of the optical axis of the Image processing sensor runs and at least one of the measurement axes (X-axis and / or Y-axis) runs perpendicular or almost perpendicular to it, and comprising at least one image memory for storing captured images, and comprising a computing unit for evaluating the image data of several of the images, and comprising at least a control for controlling the measuring axes and for transmitting the images to the computing unit, according to preferably one of the preceding claims 15 to 37, characterized in that through relative movement between the workpiece and the BV sensor, several recording positions are assumed one after the other, in each of which at least one image is recorded , wherein at least one contour of the workpiece is automatically recognized in each recorded image, and the direction of movement of the relative movement to the next recording position is automatically adjusted from the course of the contour. Coordinate measuring machine (21) comprising at least one measuring table (25) designed to hold a workpiece (31) to be measured and at least one sensor (28) designed to detect the workpiece (31), and comprising connecting elements (22, 23a, 23b, 23c, 24 , 26, 27) between the measuring table (5) and sensor (28), with a workpiece (31) and sensor (28) or respective Sensor (28) connecting measuring circuit is formed by the following elements (measuring circuit elements): - measuring table (25) or parts thereof, - one or more sensors (28) or parts thereof, - some of the connecting elements, preferably: • base (26) or parts of which • at least one, two or three measuring axes (23a, 23b, 23c) for the relative movement of the sensor (28) and measuring table (25) to one another and / or • at least one quill (23c) receiving the sensor (28) and the sensors (28), characterized that one or more of the mechanical connections (pairings) present between the measuring circle elements, preferably non-positive connections, are provided by at least one element (29), such as friction insert or friction, which increases the friction or the coefficient of friction (coefficient of friction or coefficient of friction) between the respective paired measuring circle elements Shim is supplemented, preferably this is arranged between the paired measuring circuit elements. Coordinate measuring machine (21) comprising a base (26), a measuring table (25) designed to hold the workpiece (31) to be measured, at least one sensor (28) designed to detect the workpiece (31), connecting elements (22, 23a, 23b, 23c, 24, 26, 27) between the measuring table (25) and sensor (28), and holding means (transport securing means) (32) provided for the transport of the coordinate measuring machine for fastening at least one of the following components: - Measuring table (25) and / or sensor (28) and/or quill (23c), or parts thereof, - openable door, preferably door of a coordinate measuring machine designed as a computer tomograph, - detector and/or radiation source such as an X-ray tube of a coordinate measuring machine designed as a computer tomograph, - at least one of the connecting elements, preferably a coordinate measuring machine at least Claim 6 , characterized in that one or more of the mechanical connections (pairings) present between the transport securing means (32) and the components, preferably non-positive connections, are provided by at least one element (29) which increases the friction or the coefficient of friction (coefficient of friction or friction coefficient). Friction insert or friction shim is supplemented, preferably this is arranged between the paired elements. Method for determining geometric properties of workpieces with a tactile-optical sensor in a coordinate measuring machine or coordinate measuring system, wherein several measuring points on the surface of the workpiece are recorded and linked to dimensions, the tactile-optical sensor being a flexible probe extension with at least one probing element and at least a mark, preferably formed by the probing element or a mark emanating from the flexible probe extension, and an image processing sensor for detecting the mark, and wherein the deflection of the probing element is perpendicular (X and Y directions) to the direction of the flexible probe extension (Z direction ) is determined by means of an image correlation method, in which image data of the mark recorded with the image processing sensor when the probing element (reference image or template image) is not deflected are compared with when the probing element (measuring image data) is deflected, characterized in that the determination of the image correlation, in particular the displacement of measurement image data to the template image, - only for a section of the measurement image data, and preferably only for a section of the template image, and / or - for measurement image data and / or template image with reduced resolution (number of pixels). Method for operating a coordinate measuring machine (47) comprising at least one sensor (48) such as an optical sensor or tactile sensor or tactile-optical sensor, and a rotating unit (51), at least comprising a turntable (52) with a clamping device (53), which at least has a first holding device in the form of a rotatable or fixed tip (54), and preferably a second holding device such as a rotatable or fixed counter-tip, wherein for determining geometric properties (49b) on a workpiece (49), at least part of the workpiece (49) with the sensor (48) in several rotational positions, set by rotating the turntable (52, 52a), and sensor data are determined, the tip (54) of the first receiving device being in contact with the workpiece (49), in particular the centering opening (49a) of the workpiece (49), provided conical section (tip cone) (43) and at least one section (tip collar) (46), preferably cylindrical section, which is not intended to come into contact with the workpiece (49), characterized in that the relative position (Cone-collar position) (40, 41) between the axis (42) of the tip cone (43) (cone axis, 42) and the axis (45) of the tip collar (46) (collar axis, 45) is determined and when evaluating the Sensor data is taken into account to determine the geometric property (49b) on the workpiece (49), preferably used to determine a reference axis, in particular the workpiece axis (44). Device for connecting a sensor (1) to a rotating and/or pivoting device (DS device) (2, 3, 4) of a coordinate measuring machine (5), the DS device (2, 3, 4) being controlled by a in Relative to the workpiece (6) to be measured, the quill (7) is relatively movable and the respective rotating or pivoting device (3, 4) consists of a rotatable or pivotable movable part (3a, 4a) and a fixed part (3b , 4b), and wherein the sensor (1) originates from the DS device (2, 3, 4) and has at least one cable connection (8) which runs between the sensor (1) and the quill (7), the cable connection (8) in the area between the respective rotatably movable (3a, 4a) and the respective fixed part (3b, 4b) of the DS device (2, 3, 4) at least partially eccentric to the rotation and / or pivot axis (3c, 4c ) of the DS device (2, 3, 4), characterized in that at least a part (called guide section) (8a) of the cable connection (8b) running in the area of the DS device (2, 3, 4) ( called “movable cable section”) runs in an area (10) defined by at least two boundary surfaces (9a, 9b), which is designed in such a way that the guide section (8a) of the movable cable section (8b) during the rotation or pivoting -Movement of the DS device (2, 3, 4) remains between the boundary surfaces (9a, 9b) and is movable between them.

Images