DE102022208027A1 - Winding, component for an electrical machine and method for producing a winding - Google Patents

Abstract

A winding (110) for a component (100) of an electrical machine (105), the component (100) being an annular laminated core (115) with a plurality of grooves (122, 132, 142) extending axially through the laminated core (115). , 152) for receiving partial strands of the winding (110) in a plurality of radially adjacent winding layers. A radially innermost inner layer of the winding layers is assigned both a first twist direction and a second twist direction that differs from the first twist direction, and a radially outermost outer layer of the winding layers is assigned both the first twist direction and the second twist direction. The first twist direction is assigned to at least one intermediate layer of the winding layers arranged radially between the inner layer and the outer layer and the second twist direction is assigned to at least one further intermediate layer of the winding layers arranged radially between the inner layer and the outer layer to the intermediate layer. A first partial strand (a1) of the winding (110) originating from the intermediate layer is connected to a second partial strand (a2) of the winding (110) entering the further intermediate layer.

Description

The present invention relates to a winding, a component for an electrical machine, an electrical machine, a transmission device, an electric axle drive, a motor vehicle and a method for producing a winding.

Electric machines may include components with windings of, for example, copper wires for conducting electrical energy to generate magnetic fields. The tension of such flat wire windings, for example, can be realized on a complete winding layer of the component due to additional wiring elements or lost and additional motion.

Against this background, the present invention provides an improved winding, an improved component for an electrical machine, an improved electrical machine, an improved transmission device, an improved electric axle drive, an improved motor vehicle and an improved method for producing a winding according to the main claims. Advantageous refinements result from the subclaims and the following description.

With the winding presented here, a reduced axial height can advantageously be made possible and a maximum saving of copper weight in the winding head can be achieved.

A winding for a component of an electrical machine, wherein the component comprises an annular laminated core with a plurality of grooves extending axially through the laminated core for receiving partial strands of the winding in a plurality of radially adjacent winding layers. A radially innermost inner layer of the winding layers is assigned both a first twist direction and a second twist direction that differs from the first twist direction, and a radially outermost outer layer of the winding layers is assigned both the first twist direction and the second twist direction. The first twist direction is assigned to at least one intermediate layer of the winding layers arranged radially between the inner layer and the outer layer and the second twist direction is assigned to at least one further intermediate layer of the winding layers arranged radially between the inner layer and the outer layer to the intermediate layer. A first partial strand of the winding starting from the intermediate layer is connected to a second partial strand of the winding entering the further intermediate layer.

The electric machine can be, for example, an electric drive motor or another electric machine, for example for a vehicle. The electric machine may include various components, such as a rotor and a stator. The component, for example an annular stator, can be designed as a laminated core made up of several individual sheets through which the grooves for receiving the partial strands of the winding extend. The grooves can be numbered along the circumference of the laminated core so that each groove can be assigned a unique position. Each of the grooves can accommodate a plurality of partial strands, which can be arranged radially adjacent in the groove. The number of partial strands that can be accommodated by a groove can correspond to a number of winding layers. The winding layers can therefore represent different sections of the grooves. The winding can be, for example, a flat wire winding, the individual strands of which can be designed, for example, as so-called “hairpins” or hairpin wires, that is, as electrically conductive wires with a hairpin-like geometry. The individual partial strands can, for example, be inserted into the corresponding slots in the laminated core and connected to one another on a twist side of the winding. An interconnection can be understood, for example, as an electrically conductive connection or a mechanical coupling or bonding. The individual sub-strands can be arranged partly in a groove and partly in another groove, whereby the grooves can differ in their radial position along a circumference of a winding layer of the laminated core and additionally or alternatively in the selected winding position, so that each sub-strand has a specific section of the component can span. If the laminated core has, for example, four winding layers, the first partial strand of the winding can, for example, be arranged with a first input section in a winding layer, for example the inner layer, span a portion of the laminated core on a crown side of the winding and with a substantially parallel to the first The first output section arranged in the input section can be arranged in the intermediate layer in order to be connected to the second partial strand on a twist side of the winding opposite the crown side. The intermediate layer can, for example, be a winding layer arranged adjacent to the inner layer, so that the first partial strand can at least partially span two winding layers, for example. The first sub-strand is connected to the second sub-strand, for example to enable an electrical current flow from the first to the second sub-strand. There is the second partial strand is arranged, for example, with a second input section in the further intermediate layer, which can, for example, be a winding layer adjacent to the intermediate layer. Similar to the first partial strand, the second partial strand can also span a further partial area of the laminated core, for example in that a second output section of the second partial strand, which is essentially parallel to the second input section, can be arranged in a different winding layer, for example in the outer layer. In order to enable or facilitate interconnection of the partial strands, the individual winding layers of the laminated core are assigned different, for example opposite, twist directions. A twist direction can be understood as meaning a direction or an angle in which an end section of a hairpin wire protrudes from the laminated core. For example, two wire ends with opposite twist directions can be connected to one another, that is, for example, twisted or twisted around each other. In this way, in the winding presented here, the first partial strand is connected to the second partial strand on the twist side. Since the intermediate layer is assigned the first twist direction and the further intermediate layer is assigned the second twist direction, the partial strands can protrude from the laminated core at mutually inclined angles on the twist side and can advantageously be interconnected without great effort. Since both twist directions are assigned to the inner layer and the outer layer, partial strands arranged in these winding layers can advantageously be interconnected both within the respective winding layer and with other winding layers with different twist directions. The intermediate layer and the further intermediate layer, on the other hand, are assigned opposing twist directions in order to advantageously optimize interconnection between the intermediate layers. By interconnecting the partial strands of the winding across different winding layers of the laminated core, compact interconnection and a reduced winding head height can advantageously be achieved. This means that the overall space requirement of the entire component as well as the copper weight can be minimized.

According to one embodiment, the first partial strand can have a first input section, a first output section and a first connection section connecting the first input section and the first output section. The first input section of the first partial strand can be arranged in a first input groove of the grooves at a first input position of a first input layer of the winding layers and the first output section can be arranged in a first output groove of the grooves at a first starting position of the intermediate layer, the first input layer being a can correspond to the winding layer of the winding layers that differs from the intermediate layer. The first input position can be spaced from the first starting position along a circumference of a winding layer, wherein the first output section can be connected to the second partial strand. For example, the partial strands can each be so-called “hairpins”, that is, wires with a hairpin-like geometry. A first input section and a first output section of the first partial strand can be understood to mean two essentially parallel legs of the hairpin wire, which can be connected to one another via the connecting section. These legs can be arranged in different grooves at different radial positions of the laminated core. For example, the first input section can be arranged in the input groove of the input layer at a first input position, whereby the input layer can be, for example, the inner layer or the outer layer, in order to connect the partial strand there, for example, to a power source. The input section can be guided from the twist side of the winding through the input groove to the crown side. Along the crown side, the first connecting section can establish a connection to the first output section arranged in the output groove in the intermediate layer. The output groove can be arranged along a circumference of the intermediate layer at a distance from the input groove. For example, six other grooves can be arranged between the input groove and the output groove, so that the connecting section can bridge both a radial distance between the winding layers and a plurality of other grooves along the circumference. The second sub-strand and further sub-strands can be shaped similarly and arranged at different positions similar to the first sub-strand. Advantageously, a winding that evenly encompasses the entire laminated core can be achieved.

According to a further embodiment, the first input layer and the intermediate layer can be arranged adjacent to one another. For example, the first input layer can be the inner layer of the laminated core. The first partial strand can accordingly form a partial winding of the winding that partially encloses the inner layer and the adjacent intermediate layer. In a similar way, for example, the second partial strand can enter into the further intermediate layer arranged, for example, adjacent to the intermediate layer and in the further intermediate layer, for example, again adjacent to the further intermediate layer arranged outer layer in order to connect each intermediate layer with an adjacent winding layer.

According to a further embodiment, the further intermediate layer can be arranged between the first input layer and the intermediate layer. For example, the first partial strand can enter the outer layer of the laminated core, span the further intermediate layer arranged, for example, adjacent to the outer layer on the crown side of the winding, and extend into the intermediate layer arranged, for example, between the further intermediate layer and the inner layer. From there, the first partial strand can be connected to the second partial strand arriving, for example, in the further intermediate layer. The further sub-strand, similar to the first sub-strand, can span the intermediate layer on the crown side and exit again in the inner layer of the laminated core.

According to a further embodiment, the second partial strand can have a second input section, a second output section and a second connection section connecting the second input section and the second output section. The second input section can be arranged in a second input groove at a second input position of the further intermediate layer and connected to the first output section of the first partial strand, and the second output section can be arranged in a second output groove at a second starting position of the outer layer or the inner layer. The second input position can be spaced from the second starting position along a circumference of a winding layer and the second output section can be connected to a further first input section of a further partial strand. The second sub-strand can, for example, be guided similarly to the first sub-strand in order to span the intermediate layers at a distance both radially and with respect to the circumference. The interconnection of the second with the further first partial strand can, however, be carried out within a winding layer, for example within the inner layer or the outer layer.

According to a further embodiment, the further first input section of the further first partial strand can be arranged in a further first input groove at a further first input position. The further first input position can be spaced from the second starting position along the circumference of one of the winding layers. For example, an interconnection between the second partial strand and the further first partial strand can be carried out within the inner layer or the outer layer, in contrast to the cross-layer interconnection of the first and second partial strand, since both the first and the second twist direction are assigned to these winding layers. The second output section and the further first input section can, for example, span several grooves or several positions along the same winding layer.

According to a further embodiment, the winding can comprise a plurality of first and second partial strands, which can be connected to one another alternately. The arrangement of input sections and output sections as well as the interconnection of the individual sub-strands can be carried out across layers or within the inner layer or the outer layer and follow the previously described pattern of the first sub-strand and the second sub-strand as well as the second sub-strand and the further first sub-strand. Advantageously, the winding can be produced with a reduced winding head height, little installation space requirement and minimal material expenditure.

In addition, a component for an electrical machine with a variant of the winding presented previously is presented. The component also comprises an annular laminated core with a plurality of radially adjacent winding layers, each winding layer comprising a plurality of grooves extending axially through the laminated core for receiving partial strands of the winding. This combination advantageously allows the previously described advantages to be optimally implemented.

According to one embodiment, the component may include three of the previously described windings. For example, each of the windings can have its own phase, and all of them can be wound according to the same winding pattern. Advantageously, a compact component with optimized interconnection of the individual phases can thereby be realized.

An electrical machine can include a component that can be designed as either a stator or a rotor. For example, the component can include three of the windings mentioned.

The electric machine is suitable, for example, for an electric axle drive. Such an electric axle drive for a motor vehicle includes at least one electric machine, a transmission device and a power converter. The power converter can be designed, for example, as an inverter. Using the power converter, an electrical power required to operate the electrical machine can be generated Electricity is provided. Using the transmission device, a torque provided by the electric machine can be converted into a drive torque for driving at least one wheel of the motor vehicle. The transmission device can have a transmission for reducing the speed of the electric machine and optionally a differential.

Accordingly, a motor vehicle can include a said electric machine and additionally or alternatively a said electric axle drive.

In addition, a method for producing a variant of the previously presented winding for a variant of the previously presented component is presented. The method includes a step of passing the first partial strand of the winding through the intermediate layer, the first twist direction of the winding being assigned to the intermediate layer. In addition, the method includes a step of further passing the second partial strand through the further intermediate layer, wherein the further intermediate layer is assigned a second twist direction of the winding that differs from the first twist direction. Furthermore, the method includes a step of connecting the first partial strand to a second partial strand of the winding.

This method can be implemented, for example, in software or hardware or in a mixed form of software and hardware, for example in a control device.

The approach presented here also creates a device that is designed to carry out, control or implement the steps of a variant of a method presented here in corresponding devices. This embodiment variant of the invention in the form of a device can also solve the problem on which the invention is based quickly and efficiently.

For this purpose, the device can have at least one computing unit for processing signals or data, at least one storage unit for storing signals or data, at least one interface to a sensor or an actuator for reading in sensor signals from the sensor or for outputting data or control signals to the Have an actuator and / or at least one communication interface for reading or outputting data that is embedded in a communication protocol. The computing unit can be, for example, a signal processor, a microcontroller or the like, whereby the storage unit can be a flash memory, an EEPROM or a magnetic storage unit. The communication interface can be designed to read or output data wirelessly and/or by wire, wherein a communication interface that can read or output wired data can, for example, read this data electrically or optically from a corresponding data transmission line or output it into a corresponding data transmission line.

In the present case, a device can be understood to mean an electrical device that processes sensor signals and, depending on them, outputs control and/or data signals. The device can have an interface that can be designed in hardware and/or software. In the case of a hardware design, the interfaces can, for example, be part of a so-called system ASIC, which contains a wide variety of functions of the device. However, it is also possible that the interfaces are their own integrated circuits or at least partially consist of discrete components. In the case of software training, the interfaces can be software modules that are present, for example, on a microcontroller alongside other software modules.

Also advantageous is a computer program product or computer program with program code, which can be stored on a machine-readable carrier or storage medium such as a semiconductor memory, a hard drive memory or an optical memory and for carrying out, implementing and / or controlling the steps of the method according to one of the embodiments described above is used, particularly if the program product or program is executed on a computer or device.

• 1 eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Komponente einer elektrischen Maschine mit einer Wicklung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 2 eine schematische Draufsichtsdarstellung einer Komponente mit einer Wicklung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 3 eine schräge Draufsichtsdarstellung einer Komponente mit einer Wicklung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 4 eine tabellarische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Wickelschemas für eine Wicklung;
• 5 eine schematische Draufsichtsdarstellung einer Komponente mit einer Wicklung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 6 eine tabellarische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines weiteren Wickelschemas für eine Wicklung;
• 7 eine schematische Draufsichtsdarstellung einer Komponente mit einer Wicklung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 8 eine schematische Darstellung eines ersten Teilstrangs gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 9 ein Ablaufdiagramm eines Verfahrens zum Herstellen einer Wicklung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 10 ein Kraftfahrzeug gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel; und
• 11 ein Blockschaltbild eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer Vorrichtung zum Herstellen einer Wicklung.

The invention is explained in more detail using the accompanying drawings. Show it:

• 1 a schematic side view of a component of an electrical machine with a winding according to an exemplary embodiment;
• 2 a schematic top view representation of a component with a winding according to an exemplary embodiment;
• 3 an oblique top view of a component with a winding according to an exemplary embodiment;
• 4 a tabular representation of an exemplary embodiment of a winding scheme for a winding;
• 5 a schematic top view representation of a component with a winding according to an exemplary embodiment;
• 6 a tabular representation of an exemplary embodiment of a further winding scheme for a winding;
• 7 a schematic top view representation of a component with a winding according to an exemplary embodiment;
• 8th a schematic representation of a first partial strand according to an exemplary embodiment;
• 9 a flowchart of a method for producing a winding according to an exemplary embodiment;
• 10 a motor vehicle according to an exemplary embodiment; and
• 11 a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a device for producing a winding.

In the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the same or similar reference numbers are used for the elements shown in the various figures and having a similar effect, with a repeated description of these elements being omitted.

1 shows a schematic side view of a component 100 of an electrical machine 105 with a winding 110 according to an exemplary embodiment. The component 100 is designed as a stator merely by way of example and comprises an annular laminated core 115 with a plurality of grooves extending axially through the laminated core 115 for receiving partial strands of the winding 110 in a plurality of radially adjacent winding layers.

A radially innermost inner layer of the winding layers is assigned both a first twist direction and a second twist direction that differs from the first twist direction, and a radially outermost outer layer of the winding layers is assigned both the first twist direction and the second twist direction. The first twist direction is assigned to at least one intermediate layer of the winding layers arranged radially between the inner layer and the outer layer and the second twist direction is assigned to at least one further intermediate layer of the winding layers arranged radially between the inner layer and the outer layer to the intermediate layer, with a first partial strand emanating from the intermediate layer a1 of the winding is connected to a second partial strand a2 of the winding 110 entering the further intermediate layer.

The partial strands of the winding 110 are designed as flat wires for conducting an electrical energy flow with a hairpin-like geometry, which is why they can also be referred to as hairpins or hairpin wires. By way of example, each hairpin has two sections or legs, each guided through a groove in the laminated core, which are connected to one another on a crown side 117 of the component 100. On a twist side 118 opposite the crown side 117, the free ends of each hairpin wire can be connected to another wire. Thus, the winding 110 comprises, merely by way of example, the first partial strand a1, which is arranged with a first input section 120 in a first input groove 122. In this exemplary embodiment, the first input groove 122 is positioned at a first input position of a first input position. Merely as an example, the first input layer is the outer layer of the laminated core 115, the outer layer being assigned the first twist direction and the second twist direction of the winding 110. This means that a wire entering or leaving the outer layer can be guided along a circumference of the laminated core 115 in two different directions to another wire and can be connected to it.

In this exemplary embodiment, the first input section 120 is connected to a first output section 130 via a first connecting section 124 on the crown side 117 of the winding 110. The first output section 130 is arranged in a first output groove 132, the first output groove 132 being positioned at a first starting position of the intermediate layer merely by way of example. The first entry position is spaced from the first initial position along the circumference of a winding layer.

In this exemplary embodiment, the first output section 130 is connected to a second input section 140 of the second sub-strand a2. The second input section 140 is arranged, merely by way of example, in a second input groove 142 at a second input position of the further intermediate layer. The second twist direction of the winding 110 is assigned to the further intermediate layer in order to interconnect the second input section 140 with the first output section 130. The second input section 142 is connected to a second output section 150 via a second connection section 144, merely by way of example. The second output section 150 is arranged in a second output groove 152. In this exemplary embodiment, the second output groove 152 is arranged at a second starting position of the inner layer, wherein the second input position is spaced from the second starting position along a circumference of a winding layer and wherein the second starting section 150 with is connected to a further first input section of a further first partial strand.

2 shows a schematic top view of a component 100 with a winding 110 according to an exemplary embodiment. The component 100 and winding 110 shown here correspond or are similar to the component and winding described in the previous figure. The component 100 is shown from the twist side in the illustration shown here. The annular laminated core 115 of the component 100 is designed in this exemplary embodiment to accommodate four winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4 of three similarly wound windings 110, 200, 205, just as an example. A U-phase is carried in the winding 110 merely as an example. In this exemplary embodiment, a W phase is carried in a further winding 200, only by way of example, and a V phase is carried in an additional winding 205, only by way of example. The winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4 are arranged radially adjacent to one another, with a radially innermost inner layer L1 being arranged on an inside 210 of the winding 110 only by way of example. In this exemplary embodiment, an intermediate layer L2 is arranged radially adjacent to the inner layer L1. On the radially opposite side to the inner layer L1, a further intermediate layer L3 is arranged adjacent to the intermediate layer L2. Again, adjacent to the further intermediate layer L3, an outer layer L4 is arranged on an outside 215 of the winding. The inner layer L1 is assigned both a first twist direction and a second twist direction that differs from the first twist direction, and the outer layer L4 is also assigned both the first twist direction and the second twist direction. Correspondingly, wires guided in these two winding layers L1, L4 with the free ends on the twist side can be guided along the circumference of the winding layers in two different directions and can be connected to correspondingly oppositely directed wires. In contrast to the two twist directions of the inner layer L1 and the outer layer L4, the first twist direction is assigned to the intermediate layer L2 arranged radially between the inner layer L1 and the outer layer L4. The second twist direction is assigned to the further intermediate layer L3.

3 shows an oblique top view of a component 100 with a winding 110 according to an exemplary embodiment. The component 100 and winding 110 shown here correspond or are similar to the component and winding described in the previous figures and are shown from the twist side in the illustration shown here. The component 100 comprises an annular laminated core 115 with a plurality of grooves extending axially through the laminated core 115 for receiving partial strands of radially adjacent winding layers. The grooves are positioned along a circumference of a winding layer.

4 shows a tabular representation of an exemplary embodiment of a winding scheme 400 for a winding as described in the previous figures. The winding scheme 400 shown here is designed as an example for a component with a laminated core with, for example, 54 slots and a respective number of holes 3 for accommodating a total of three windings 110, 200, 205, in which, for example, the phases U, W and V can be carried. Positions 1 to 54 of the grooves along the circumference of the laminated core are indicated in the top three lines of the table, the top row corresponding to the winding 110 carrying the U phase, the row below corresponding to the further winding 200 carrying the W phase and the row below of the additional winding 205 leading the V phase. The positions of the respective connections of the individual phases are indicated in the fourth row, where U1 denotes an input and U2 denotes an output of the U phase, W1 denotes an input and W2 denotes an output the W phase and V1 an input and V2 an output of the V phase.

Four lines below the position markings correspond, for example, to four winding layers of the laminated core with the winding. For example, the top winding layer in the table corresponds to the inner layer L1. The second winding layer is arranged below the inner layer L1 in the table shown here and is to be understood as an intermediate layer L2 arranged in the laminated core radially adjacent to the inner layer L1. The line arranged below also denotes the further intermediate layer L3 arranged radially adjacent to the second intermediate layer L2 and the line arranged below denotes the outer layer L4 arranged radially adjacent to the further intermediate layer L3. Two different twist directions T1, T2 are assigned to the individual winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4. The inner layer L1 and the outer layer L4 are each assigned a first twist direction T1 and a second twist direction T2. The intermediate layer L2 is assigned only the first twist direction T1, which is left-directed only as an example in the illustration shown here, and the further intermediate layer L3 is assigned the second twist direction T2, which runs in the opposite direction to the first twist direction T1. In the bottom line of the winding diagram 400, inputs and outputs of the partial strands of the winding are marked starting from a twist side of the winding.

In the exemplary embodiment shown here, the winding scheme 400 is shown merely as an example using a winding of the U-phase. The remaining windings can be wound according to the same scheme.

In this exemplary embodiment, a first partial strand a1 of the winding is as in the previous one 1 described with the first input section arranged in a first input groove. The first input groove is positioned, for example, at a first input position 40 of a first input position. In this exemplary embodiment, the first input layer corresponds to the inner layer L1, which is assigned both the first twist direction T1 and the second twist direction T2 of the winding.

The first output section of the partial strand a1 is arranged in a first output groove which is positioned at a first starting position 33 in the intermediate layer L2. The first input section and the first output section are both radially spaced and along the circumference of the winding layers L1, L2, since six other positions for other partial strands are arranged between the first input position 40 and the first output position 33.

In this exemplary embodiment, the first output section of the first sub-strand a1 is connected to a second input section of a second sub-strand a2. For this purpose, the second input section of the second partial strand a2 is arranged in a second input groove, which is positioned at a second input position 40 in the further intermediate layer L3. The second input position 40 corresponds to the first input position 40 in terms of positioning along the circumference, for example, the first input section of the sub-strand a1 and the second input section of the sub-strand a2 being radially spaced from one another within the same groove. The second input section is connected to the first output section with, for example, 3.5 twist steps. This means that the first output section is guided over 3.5 positions in the first twist direction T1 to the second input section and the second input section is guided over 3.5 positions in the second twist direction T1 to the first output section, both of which are, for example, electrically conductive to couple with each other.

In this exemplary embodiment, the second sub-strand a2 is guided parallel to the first sub-strand a1. For this purpose, the second output section of the second partial strand a2 is arranged in a second output groove at a second starting position 33 corresponding, for example, to the first starting position 33, although the second output section is arranged at a radial distance from the first output section in the outer layer L4.

In this exemplary embodiment, the second sub-strand a2 is connected to a further first sub-strand A3. For this purpose, the second output section of the second partial strand a2 is connected to a further first input section of the further first partial strand A3, the further first input section being arranged in a further first input groove at a further first input position 24 in the outer layer L4. The second output section is connected to the further first input section with, for example, 4.5 twist steps. This means that the second output section is guided over 4.5 positions in the second twist direction T2 to the further first input section and the further first input section is guided over 4.5 positions in the first twist direction T1 to the second output section, both by way of example to couple together in an electrically conductive manner. Interconnecting the partial strands a2, A3 within the outer layer L4 is possible because the outer layer L4 is assigned opposite twist directions T1, T2.

In this exemplary embodiment, the further first partial strand A3 is guided from the further first input position 24 in the outer layer L4 to a further first starting position 31 in a further first output groove in the further intermediate layer L3. As a result, the further first sub-strand A3 is spaced apart along the circumference, but is guided parallel to the second sub-strand a2. The further first sub-strand A3 is in turn connected to a further second sub-strand A4 merely by way of example, with the further second sub-strand A4 being spaced apart and guided parallel to the first sub-strand a1. In this exemplary embodiment, the further second sub-strand A4 is connected to an additional first sub-strand a5 within the inner layer L1. In this exemplary embodiment, according to the pattern described, in positions spaced apart from one another along the circumference of the winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4, only an example of 36 partial strands are guided and alternately interconnected. The partial strands only span adjacent winding layers as an example.

5 shows a schematic top view of a component 100 with a winding 110 according to an exemplary embodiment. The component 100 and winding 110 shown here correspond or are similar to those in the previous ones 1 until 3 described component and winding. In the illustration shown here, the component 100 is shown from the crown side of the component. In this exemplary embodiment, the partial strands of the winding 110 are, for example, according to the previous one 4 The winding scheme described is wound and partially spans the inner layer L1 the adjacently arranged intermediate layer L2 and the outer layer L4 with the adjacently arranged further intermediate layer L3. On the twist side, which is not visible in this illustration, interconnections are arranged within the inner layer L1, within the outer layer L4 and between the intermediate layer L2 and the further intermediate layer L3.

6 shows a tabular representation of an exemplary embodiment of a further winding scheme 600 for a winding as described in the previous ones 1 until 3 was described. The further winding scheme 600 shown here is designed as an example for a component with a laminated core with, for example, 54 slots and a respective number of holes 3 for accommodating a total of three windings 110, 200, 205, in which, for example, the phases U, W and V can be carried. Positions 1 to 54 of the grooves along the circumference of the laminated core are indicated in the top three lines of the table, the top row corresponding to the winding 110 carrying the U phase, the row below corresponding to the further winding 200 carrying the W phase and the row below of the additional winding 205 leading the V phase. The positions of the respective connections of the individual phases are indicated in the fourth row, where U1 denotes an input and U2 denotes an output of the U phase, W1 denotes an input and W2 denotes an output the W phase and V1 an input and V2 an output of the V phase.

Four lines below the position markings correspond, for example, to four winding layers of the laminated core with the winding. For example, the top winding layer in the table corresponds to the inner layer L1. The second winding layer is arranged below the inner layer L1 in the table shown here and is to be understood as an intermediate layer L2 arranged in the laminated core radially adjacent to the inner layer L1. The line arranged below also denotes the further intermediate layer L3 arranged radially adjacent to the second intermediate layer L2 and the line arranged below denotes the outer layer L4 arranged radially adjacent to the further intermediate layer L3. Two different twist directions T1, T2 are assigned to the individual winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4. The inner layer L1 and the outer layer L4 are each assigned a first twist direction T1 and a second twist direction T2. Only the first twist direction T1 is assigned to the intermediate layer L2, which is right-handed only as an example in the illustration shown here, and the further intermediate layer L3 is assigned the second twist direction T2, which runs in the opposite direction to the first twist direction T1. In the bottom line of the further winding diagram 600, inputs and outputs of the partial strands of the winding are marked starting from a twist side of the winding.

In the exemplary embodiment shown here, the further winding scheme 600 is shown merely as an example using a winding of the U-phase. The remaining windings can be wound according to the same scheme.

Same as in the previous one 4 As shown in the winding scheme shown here, the further winding scheme 600 shown here has a first partial strand A1, the first input section of which is arranged in a first input groove. The first input groove is positioned at a first input position 40 of a first input position. In this exemplary embodiment, the first input layer corresponds to the outer layer L4, which is assigned both the first twist direction T1 and the second twist direction T2 of the winding.

The first partial strand A1 of the further winding scheme 600 shown here has a first output section which is arranged in a first output groove. The first output groove is positioned at a first starting position 47 of the intermediate layer L2 merely by way of example, the first input position 40 being spaced from the first starting position 47 along the circumference of the intermediate layer L2. In this exemplary embodiment, the first partial strand A1 is guided through the laminated core both over a plurality of grooves or positions along the circumference and spanning the further intermediate layer L3.

The first sub-string A1 is connected to the second sub-string A2. For this purpose, the second input section of the second partial strand A2 is arranged in a second input groove, which is positioned at a second input position 40 in the further intermediate layer L3. In terms of positioning along the circumference, the second input position 40 corresponds, for example, to the first input position 40, with the first input section of the sub-strand a1 and the second input section of the sub-strand a2 being arranged only radially spaced from one another in, for example, adjacent winding layers L3, L4. The second input section is connected to the first output section with, for example, 3.5 twist steps. This means that the first output section is guided over 3.5 positions in the first twist direction T1 to the second input section and the second input section is guided over 3.5 positions in the second twist direction T1 to the first output section, both of which are, for example, electrically conductive to couple with each other.

In this exemplary embodiment, the second partial strand A2 spans the intermediate layer L2 and has a second output section in a second output groove on one, for example, of the first Starting position 47 corresponding second starting position 47 is arranged, wherein the second starting section is arranged radially spaced from the first starting section in the inner layer L1.

In this exemplary embodiment, the second sub-strand A2 is connected to a further first sub-strand a3. For this purpose, the second output section of the second partial strand A2 is connected to a further first input section of the further first partial strand a3, the further first input section being arranged in a further first input groove at a further first input position 2 in the inner layer L1. The second output section is connected to the further first input section with, for example, 4.5 twist steps. This means that the second output section is guided over 4.5 positions in the second twist direction T2 to the further first input section and the further first input section is guided over 4.5 positions in the first twist direction T1 to the second output section, both by way of example to couple together in an electrically conductive manner. Interconnecting the partial strands A2, a3 within the inner layer L1 is possible because the inner layer L1 is assigned opposite twist directions T1, T2.

In this exemplary embodiment, the further first partial strand a3 is guided from the further first input position 2 in the inner layer L1 to a further first starting position 49 in a further first output groove in the further intermediate layer L3. As a result, the further first sub-strand a3 is spaced apart along the circumference, but is guided parallel to the second sub-strand A2. The further first sub-strand a3 is in turn connected to a further second sub-strand a4 merely by way of example, the further second sub-strand a4 being guided parallel to the further first sub-strand a3 from the intermediate layer L2 to the outer layer L4. The further second sub-strand a4 is connected to an additional first sub-strand A5 within the outer layer L4. In this exemplary embodiment, according to the pattern described, in positions spaced apart from one another along the circumference of the winding layers L1, L2, L3, L4, only an example of 36 partial strands are guided and alternately interconnected. The partial strands alternately span the intermediate layer L2 and the further intermediate layer L3, merely as an example.

7 shows a schematic top view of a component 100 with a winding 110 according to an exemplary embodiment. The component 100 and winding 110 shown here correspond or are similar to those in the previous ones 1 until 3 described component and winding. In the illustration shown here, the component 100 is shown from the crown side of the component. In this exemplary embodiment, the partial strands of the winding 110 are according to the previous one 6 described further winding scheme and span the intermediate layer L2 and the further intermediate layer L3 alternately, for example. In other words, the partial strands in this exemplary embodiment are each guided from the outer layer L4 to the intermediate layer L2 and from the further intermediate layer L3 to the inner layer L1 or vice versa. On the twist side, which is not visible in this illustration, interconnections are arranged within the inner layer L1, within the outer layer L4 and between the intermediate layer L2 and the further intermediate layer L3.

8th shows a schematic representation of a first partial strand a1 according to an exemplary embodiment. The first partial strand a1 shown here corresponds to or is similar to that in the previous ones 1 , 4 and 6 described first partial strand and is in a winding as in the previous ones 1 , 2 , 3 , 5 and 7 described can be used. In this exemplary embodiment, the first partial strand a1 is shaped as a flat wire made of a copper material for conducting electrical energy and with a hairpin-like geometry. The first partial strand a1 comprises a first input section 120 and a first output section 130 for passing through a groove of a laminated core of a component. The first input section 120 and the first output section 130 are connected by a first connection section 124.

9 shows a flowchart of a method 900 for producing a winding according to an exemplary embodiment. The method 900 includes a step 905 of passing the first partial strand of the winding through the intermediate layer, the first twist direction of the winding being assigned to the intermediate layer. In addition, the method 900 includes a step 910 of further passing the second partial strand through the further intermediate layer, wherein the further intermediate layer is assigned a second twist direction of the winding that differs from the first twist direction. Furthermore, the method 900 includes a step 915 of interconnecting the first partial strand with the second partial strand. Merely as an example, in step 915 of the interconnection, the partial strands are connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner.

10 shows a motor vehicle 1000 according to an exemplary embodiment. The motor vehicle 1000 has an electric axle drive with an electric machine 105, as described, for example, with reference to the previous figures became. Electrical energy for operating the electrical machine 105 is provided by an energy supply device 1002, for example a battery. For example, a direct current is provided by the energy supply device 1002, which is converted into an alternating current, for example a three-phase alternating current, using a power converter 1004 of the transmission device and is provided to the electrical machine 105. A shaft driven by the electric machine 105 is coupled to at least one wheel 1008 of the motor vehicle 1000 directly or using a transmission device 1006. Thus, the motor vehicle 1000 can be moved using the electric machine 105. According to one exemplary embodiment, the electric axle drive comprises a housing in which the power converter 1004, the electric machine 105 and the transmission device 1006 are arranged in an integrated manner.

11 shows a block diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a device 1100 for producing a winding according to a variant presented here. The device 1100 comprises a feed-through unit 1105 for controlling a feed-through of the first partial strand of the winding through the intermediate layer and a further feed-through unit 1110 for controlling a further feed-through of the second partial strand through the further intermediate layer. The device 1100 further comprises an interconnection unit (1115) for controlling interconnection of the first partial strand with the second partial strand.

The exemplary embodiments described and shown in the figures are only chosen as examples. Different exemplary embodiments can be combined with one another completely or with regard to individual features. An exemplary embodiment can also be supplemented by features of a further exemplary embodiment.

Furthermore, method steps according to the invention can be repeated and carried out in an order other than that described.

If an exemplary embodiment includes an “and/or” link between a first feature and a second feature, this can be read as meaning that, according to one embodiment, the exemplary embodiment has both the first feature and the second feature and, according to a further embodiment, either only the first Feature or only the second feature.

Reference symbols

100

component

105

electric machine

110

winding

115

Sheet metal package

120

first entrance section

122

first input groove

124

first connection section

117

Crown side

118

Twist side

130

first exit section

132

first exit groove

140

second entrance section

142

second input groove

144

second connection section

150

second exit section

152

second exit groove

a1

first sub-strand

a2

second sub-strand

200

further winding

205

additional winding

210

inside

215

Outside

L1

Inner layer of wrapping layers

L2

Interposition of the wrapping layers

L3

further intermediate layer of wrapping layers

L4

Outer layer of wrapping layers

400

Winding scheme

2

another first entry position according to another winding scheme

24

another first entry position according to a winding scheme

33

first and second starting positions according to a winding scheme

40

first and second entry positions

47

first and second starting positions according to another winding scheme

A1

first sub-strand

A2

second sub-strand

a3

another first sub-strand

A3

another first sub-strand

a4

another second sub-strand

A4

another second sub-strand

a5

additional first partial strand

A5

additional first partial strand

T1

first twist direction

T2

second twist direction

600

another winding scheme

900

Method of making a winding

905

Step of performing

910

Step of further implementation

915

Interconnection step

1000

motor vehicle

1002

Energy supply facility

1004

Power converter

1006

Transmission device

1008

wheel

1100

contraption

1105

Implementation unit

1110

another implementation unit

1115

Interconnection unit

Claims (15)

Winding (110) for a component (100) of an electrical machine (105), the component (100) being an annular laminated core (115) with a plurality of grooves (122, 132, 142) extending axially through the laminated core (115). 152) for receiving partial strands of the winding (110) in a plurality of radially adjacent winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4), wherein a radially innermost inner layer (L1) of the winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4) both a first twist direction (T1) and a second twist direction (T2) that differs from the first twist direction (T1) are assigned and both the first twist direction (T1 ) as well as the second twist direction (T2) and the first twist direction (T1) is assigned to at least one intermediate layer (L2) of the winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4) arranged radially between the inner layer (L1) and the outer layer (L4). is assigned and the second twist direction (T2) is assigned to at least one further intermediate layer (L3) of the winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4) arranged radially between the inner layer (L1) and the outer layer (L4), one of the intermediate layer ( L2) outgoing first partial strand (a1; A1) of the winding (110) is connected to a second partial strand (a2; A2) of the winding (110) entering the further intermediate layer (L3). Winding (110) according to Claim 1 , wherein the first partial strand (a1; A1) has a first input section (120), a first output section (130) and a first connecting section (124) connecting the first input section (120) and the first output section (130), the first input section (120) of the first partial strand (a1; A1) in a first input groove (122) of the grooves (122, 132, 142, 152) at a first input position (40) of a first input layer of the winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4) is arranged and the first output section (130) is arranged in a first output groove (132) of the grooves (122, 132, 142, 152) at a first starting position (33; 47) of the intermediate layer (L2), the first input layer being one corresponds to the winding layer of the winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4) that differs from the intermediate layer (L2) and the first input position (40) is spaced along a circumference of a winding layer from the first starting position (33; 47), the first starting section (130 ) with the second partial strand (a2; A2) is connected. Winding (110) according to Claim 2 , wherein the first input layer and the intermediate layer (L2) are arranged adjacent to one another. Winding (110) according to Claim 2 , wherein the further intermediate layer (L3) is arranged between the first input layer and the intermediate layer (L2). Winding (110) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second partial strand (a2; A2) has a second input section (140), a second output section (150) and a second connection section connecting the second input section (140) and the second output section (150). (144), wherein the second input section (140) is arranged in a second input groove (142) at a second input position (40) of the further intermediate layer (L3) and is connected to the first output section (130) of the first partial strand (a1; A1). is and wherein the second output section (150) is arranged in a second output groove (152) at a second output position (33; 47) of the outer layer (L4) or the inner layer (L1), the second input position (40) being along a circumference Winding layer is spaced from the second starting position (33; 47) and wherein the second output section (150) has a further first input section of a further first partial strand (A3; a3) is connected. Winding (110) according to Claim 5 , wherein the further first input section of the further first partial strand (A3; a3) is arranged in a further first input groove at a further first input position (24; 2), the further first input position (24; 2) being along the circumference of one of the Winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4) are spaced from the second starting position (33; 47). Winding (110) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the winding (110) comprises a plurality of first and second partial strands (a1, a2; A1, A2) which are alternately connected to one another. Component (100) for an electrical machine (105) with a winding (110) according to one of the preceding claims and with an annular laminated core (115) with a plurality of radially adjacent winding layers (L1, L2, L3, L4), each Winding layer comprises a plurality of grooves (122, 132, 142, 152) extending axially through the laminated core (115) for receiving partial strands of the winding (110). Component (100) according to Claim 7 , wherein the component (100) has three windings according to one of Claims 1 until 6 includes. Electric machine (105) with a component (100) according to Claim 9 , wherein the component (100) is designed as a stator or as a rotor of the electrical machine (105) and three windings (110, 200, 205) according to one of Claims 1 until 7 includes. Electric axle drive for a motor vehicle (1000) with at least one electric machine (105), a transmission device (1006) and a power converter (1004), characterized in that the electric machine (105) according to Claim 10 is trained. Motor vehicle (1000), comprising an electric machine (105) according to Claim 10 and/or an electric axle drive Claim 11 . Method (900) for producing a winding (110) according to one of Claims 1 until 6 for a component (100) according to one of Claims 8 or 9 , wherein the method (900) has the following steps (905, 910, 915): passing (905) the first partial strand (a1; A1) of the winding (110) through the intermediate layer (L2), the intermediate layer (L2) being the first Twist direction (T1) is assigned to the winding (110); further passing (910) of the second partial strand (a2; A2) through the further intermediate layer (L3), the further intermediate layer (L3) being assigned a second twist direction (T2) of the winding (110) that differs from the first twist direction (T1). ; and interconnecting (915) the first sub-strand (a1; A1) with the second sub-strand (a2; A2). Device (1100) which is set up to carry out the steps (905, 910, 915) of the method (900). Claim 13 to be executed and/or controlled in appropriate units (1105, 1110, 1115). Computer program that is set up to carry out the steps (905, 910, 915) of the method (900). Claim 13 to execute and/or control.

Images