DE102022132796A1 - Exhaust gas purification device of an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Abstract

Exhaust gas purification device (10) of an internal combustion engine, with an exhaust pipe (11) which extends with its longitudinal direction along cylinders arranged next to one another of at least one cylinder group of the internal combustion engine, with catalysts (15) arranged within the exhaust pipe (11) which divide the exhaust pipe (11) into a first exhaust pipe section (16) and a second exhaust pipe section (17), wherein the exhaust pipe sections (16, 17) each extend with their longitudinal direction along the cylinders of the at least one cylinder group, wherein the exhaust pipe (11) is coupled to the cylinders of the at least one cylinder group in order to introduce exhaust gas from the cylinders of the at least one cylinder group into the first exhaust pipe section (16) of the exhaust pipe (11), and wherein starting from the first exhaust pipe section (16) of the exhaust pipe (11), unpurified exhaust gas is passed via the catalysts (15) transversely to the longitudinal direction of the exhaust pipe (11) into the second exhaust pipe section (17) of the exhaust pipe (11). can be guided as purified exhaust gas from the second exhaust pipe section (17) of the exhaust pipe (11) in the direction of at least one further component of the internal combustion engine.

Description

The invention relates to an exhaust gas purification device of an internal combustion engine.

Internal combustion engines known from practice have cylinders in which fuel is burned. The cylinders of an internal combustion engine form at least one cylinder group made up of cylinders arranged next to one another in a row. In a V-design internal combustion engine, two cylinder groups are provided, each with several cylinders arranged next to one another. Internal combustion engines known from practice also have an exhaust gas purification device. The exhaust gas purification device serves to clean the exhaust gas leaving the cylinders. Typically, at least one turbine of a respective exhaust gas turbocharger is arranged downstream of the exhaust gas purification device.

In the case of combustion engines known from practice, the exhaust gas purification device requires a lot of installation space. This is a disadvantage.

There is a need for an exhaust gas purification system that can be installed as far as possible within the existing dimensions (installation space) of the engine and thus does not require any additional space in the vicinity of the engine and is also lightweight. The object of the invention is to provide a corresponding exhaust gas purification device for an internal combustion engine.

This object is achieved by an exhaust gas purification device of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1.

The exhaust gas purification device according to the invention has an exhaust pipe, the longitudinal direction of which extends along cylinders arranged next to one another of at least one cylinder group of the internal combustion engine. Furthermore, the exhaust gas purification device according to the invention has catalysts arranged within the exhaust pipe, which divide the exhaust pipe into a first exhaust pipe section and a second exhaust pipe section, the exhaust pipe sections each extending longitudinally along the cylinders of the at least one cylinder group. The exhaust pipe is coupled to the cylinders of the at least one cylinder group in such a way that exhaust gas from the cylinders of the at least one cylinder group is introduced into the first exhaust pipe section of the exhaust pipe. Starting from the first exhaust pipe section of the exhaust pipe, uncleaned exhaust gas can be guided via the catalysts transversely to the longitudinal direction of the exhaust pipe into the second exhaust pipe section of the exhaust pipe in order to be guided as cleaned exhaust gas starting from the second exhaust pipe section of the exhaust pipe in the direction of at least one further assembly of the internal combustion engine.

In the exhaust gas purification device according to the invention, an exhaust pipe extends along the cylinders of at least one cylinder group. Catalysts are accommodated in this exhaust pipe, which divide the exhaust pipe into the first exhaust pipe section for uncleaned exhaust gas and the second exhaust pipe section for cleaned exhaust gas. For one cylinder group or for two cylinder groups, a single exhaust pipe with catalysts arranged in the exhaust pipe is provided in order to collect exhaust gas leaving the cylinders, clean it and discharge it in the direction of at least one further component of the internal combustion engine. The two exhaust pipe sections of the exhaust pipe, which are separated from one another by the catalysts, extend with their longitudinal direction along the cylinders of the respective cylinder group. The catalysts accommodated in the exhaust pipe are flowed through transversely to the longitudinal direction of the respective exhaust pipe. The exhaust gas purification device according to the invention requires little installation space and can be integrated into the engine installation space. Furthermore, it is lightweight.

Preferably, the exhaust pipe with its two exhaust pipe sections extends along all cylinders of a single cylinder group or of two cylinder groups, with the first exhaust pipe section of the exhaust pipe being coupled to all cylinders of one cylinder group or of two cylinder groups. This design is particularly preferred in order to provide an exhaust gas purification device with low weight and low installation space requirements. Alternatively, according to the invention, several exhaust gas purification devices can be installed on the engine, preferably on engines with two cylinder groups, e.g.: one exhaust gas purification group per cylinder group.

The exhaust gas purification device preferably has at least one bypass, via which exhaust gas can be guided directly and uncleaned from the first exhaust pipe section in the direction of the at least one further component of the internal combustion engine of the exhaust pipe, bypassing the catalysts. In particular, the bypass is formed at that end of the exhaust pipe from which exhaust gas can be guided from the exhaust pipe in the direction of the at least one further component of the internal combustion engine. In particular, the bypass can be blocked and released via a controllable closure device. The flow of the exhaust gas can be adapted to different operating conditions via the bypass and the controllable closure device, which serves to block and release the bypass. points and to load changes of the internal combustion engine. This allows the engine dynamics of an internal combustion engine equipped with the exhaust gas purification device to be adjusted or improved.

Preferably, flow guide elements are arranged in coupling areas of the cylinders of the respective cylinder group with the exhaust pipe, which guide the flow of the exhaust gas from the cylinders of the respective cylinder group as it enters the first exhaust pipe section of the exhaust pipe. The flow guide elements can be used to improve the introduction of the exhaust gas from the cylinders into the first exhaust pipe section of the exhaust pipe and the distribution of the exhaust gas in the first exhaust pipe section in order to provide good flow through the catalysts.

Preferably, at least one guide element, preferably in the form of a grid, is assigned to the respective catalyst. The flow guidance of the exhaust gas in the area of the catalysts can be improved via the guide elements.

• 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels einer Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung einer Brennkraftmaschine,
• 2 einen ersten Querschnitt durch die Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung der 1,
• 3 einen ausschnittsweisen zweiten Querschnitt durch die Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung der 1,
• 4 ein Detail der 2,
• 5 eine Alternative zum Detail der 3,
• 6 ein Detail der 3 in einem ersten Zustand,
• 7 das Detail der 6 in einem zweiten Zustand,
• 8 das Detail der 6 in einem dritten Zustand,
• 9 einen ausschnittsweisen dritten Querschnitt durch die Abgasreinigungsvorrichtung der 1,
• 10 eine Alternative zum Detail der 6 in einem ersten Zustand,
• 11 das Detail der 10 in einem zweiten Zustand.

Preferred developments of the invention emerge from the dependent claims and the following description. Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail with reference to the drawing, without being limited thereto. In this drawing:

• 1 a perspective view of an embodiment of an exhaust gas purification device of an internal combustion engine,
• 2 a first cross section through the exhaust gas purification device of the 1 ,
• 3 a partial second cross-section through the exhaust gas purification device of the 1 ,
• 4 a detail of the 2 ,
• 5 an alternative to the detail of 3 ,
• 6 a detail of the 3 in a first state,
• 7 the detail of the 6 in a second state,
• 8th the detail of the 6 in a third state,
• 9 a partial third cross-section through the exhaust gas purification device of the 1 ,
• 10 an alternative to the detail of 6 in a first state,
• 11 the detail of the 10 in a second state.

1 shows a perspective view of an exhaust gas purification device 10 of an internal combustion engine, wherein the exhaust gas purification device 10 of the 1 for an internal combustion engine with two cylinder groups.

Each cylinder group has ten cylinders arranged side by side in a row. The number of cylinders per cylinder group for which the exhaust gas purification device 10 is 1 is purely exemplary in nature.

The exhaust gas purification device 10 according to the invention of 1 has an exhaust pipe 11. This exhaust pipe 11 extends longitudinally along the adjacent cylinders of one or more cylinder groups of the internal combustion engine.

In the example of 1 the exhaust pipe 11 is composed of several pipe segments 11 a, whereby pipe segments 11 a arranged next to one another are connected to one another by length-compensating components, here, for example, foldable bar-like compensators 12. The compensators 12 serve to compensate for, for example, thermally induced changes in the length of the pipe segments 11 a.

The exhaust pipe 11 is closed at a first end 13. At an opposite second end 14, exhaust gas can be discharged from the exhaust pipe 11 in the direction of at least one further component of the internal combustion engine, for example in the direction of a turbine of an exhaust gas turbocharger.

Several catalysts 15 are arranged within the exhaust pipe 11. 2 , which shows a longitudinal section through the exhaust gas purification device 10 of the 2 shows several such catalysts 15, wherein the catalysts 15 divide the interior of the exhaust pipe 11 and thus the exhaust pipe 11 into a first exhaust pipe section 16 and a second exhaust pipe section 17. The exhaust pipe sections 16, 17 of the exhaust pipe 11 extend parallel to one another with their longitudinal direction along the cylinders of the two cylinder groups.

The exhaust pipe 10 is coupled to the cylinders of the cylinder groups, namely in such a way that exhaust gas can be introduced from each of the cylinders of the cylinder groups into the first exhaust pipe section 16 of the respective exhaust pipe 11. In the exemplary embodiment, the 1 and 2 It is provided that each exhaust pipe segment 11 a interacts with two cylinders of each of the two cylinder groups. And for these four cylinders, an inlet opening 18 is formed, whereby exhaust gas from the respective cylinder of the respective cylinder group is fed into the exhaust pipe 11 via each inlet opening 18, namely the first exhaust pipe section 16 of the respective exhaust pipe 11. If only one cylinder group is present, the exhaust pipe 10 is coupled to the cylinders of this one cylinder group via the inlet opening 18. The inlet openings that are not required are then saved on the component.

Starting from the first exhaust pipe section 16 of the exhaust pipe 11, uncleaned exhaust gas can flow over the catalysts 15 transversely to the longitudinal direction of the exhaust pipe 11, specifically in the direction of the second exhaust pipe section 17, in which cleaned exhaust gas can then collect. This cleaned exhaust gas can be guided starting from the second exhaust pipe section 17 of the exhaust pipe 11 in the direction of the at least one further assembly of the internal combustion engine, specifically starting from the second end 14 of the exhaust pipe 11. In addition, the first end 13 can be designed analogously to end 14, which can be fed exhaust gas to a further assembly via the first end 13.

The exhaust pipe 11 extends with its two exhaust pipe sections 16, 17 along all cylinders of one cylinder group or of two cylinder groups or one exhaust pipe 11 or several exhaust pipes 11 along a cylinder group. The first exhaust pipe section 16 of the exhaust pipe 11 is coupled to all cylinders of the one cylinder group or of the two cylinder groups, namely via the inlet openings 18, via which the exhaust gas of the cylinders can flow into the first exhaust pipe section 16 of the exhaust pipe 11. The exhaust gas which enters the first exhaust pipe section 16 via the inlet openings 18 of the pipe segments 11a of the exhaust pipe 11 can be distributed within the first exhaust pipe section 16, flow over the catalysts 15 and then collect as purified exhaust gas in the second exhaust pipe section 17 in order to be guided from the same in the direction of the second end 14 and, if the first end 13 is designed accordingly, also in the direction of the first end 13 to at least one further component of the internal combustion engine.

The exhaust gas purification device 10 has a bypass 19. The bypass 19 is formed at the second end 14 of the exhaust pipe 11, from which exhaust gas can be guided in the direction of the at least one further assembly of the internal combustion engine. In addition, another bypass can be additionally attached at the other end in order to also extract exhaust gas at the first end for another assembly.

The bypass 19 is designed to direct exhaust gas directly and uncleaned from the first exhaust pipe section 16 in the direction of the at least one further assembly of the internal combustion engine, bypassing the catalysts 15. A controllable closure device 20 is assigned to the bypass 19.

6 , 7 and 8th show this closure device 20 in different states, whereby in the state of 6 the closure device 20 completely blocks the bypass 19, in 7 the closure device 20 completely releases the bypass 19 and in 8th the closure device 20 partially releases the bypass 19.

In the state of 6 no exhaust gas can flow via the bypass 19, rather all exhaust gas from the first exhaust pipe section 16 must flow via the catalysts 15 in order to be discharged from the exhaust pipe 10 starting from the second exhaust pipe section 17, namely in the direction of the at least one further assembly of the internal combustion engine. In the state of 7 all exhaust gases from the first exhaust pipe section 16 can be directed directly towards the at least one further component of the internal combustion engine. In the state of 7 The exhaust gas does not flow over the catalysts 15. In the state of 8th the exhaust gas can flow partly over the catalysts 15 on the one hand and partly over the bypass 19, bypassing the catalysts 15 on the other hand, in order to be fed partly as purified exhaust gas and partly as unpurified exhaust gas to at least one further component of the internal combustion engine.

The closure device 20 can be switched via an actuator 21 between the states of the 6 , 7 and 8th in order to adapt the exhaust gas routing to an operating point or load point of an internal combustion engine having the exhaust gas purification device.

In the 6 , 7 and 8th The closure device 20 shown is designed as a flap that can be pivoted about an axis 21, the axis 21 facing one of the catalysts 15, namely the catalyst 15 that is arranged directly in the region of the second end 14. In addition, the 6 7 and 8 can also be arranged at the first end 13.

10 and 11 show an alternative embodiment of the closure device 20, which in turn can be pivoted about an axis 21, wherein this axis 21 is provided at one end of the closure device 20 which faces away from the catalyst 15 arranged in the region of the end 14 of the exhaust pipe 11.

In the state of 10 the closure device 20 completely blocks the bypass 19, in 11 the closure device 20 completely releases the bypass 19. The state of the 10 corresponds to the state of the 6 and the condition of the 11 corresponds to the condition of the 7 .

According to an advantageous development of the invention, it is provided that each catalyst 15 is assigned at least one guide element 22 for exhaust gas guidance. 5 that each catalyst 15 has a guide element 22 for guiding the exhaust gas both at the inlet end and at the outlet end, i.e. at an end associated with the first exhaust pipe section 16 and at an end associated with the second exhaust pipe section 17. This guide element 22 is according to 5 designed as a grid-like guide element in order to improve the flow guidance of the exhaust gas in the area of the catalysts, namely on the one hand a flow to the catalysts 15 starting from the first exhaust pipe section 16 and on the other hand a flow out of the catalysts into the second exhaust pipe section 17.

How best 9 can be taken, in coupling areas of the cylinder with the exhaust pipe 11, namely adjacent to each inlet opening 18 of the exhaust pipe 11, a flow guide element 23 is formed, which serves to guide the flow of the exhaust gas flowing from the respective cylinder via the respective inlet opening 18 into the first exhaust pipe section 16 of the exhaust pipe 11. This ensures that the exhaust gas, which flows from the cylinders into the first exhaust pipe section 16 via the inlet openings 18, is evenly distributed in the region of the first exhaust pipe section 16 before the exhaust gas flows via the catalysts 15 in the direction of the second exhaust pipe section 17. This can improve the flow through the catalysts 15 and thus ultimately the exhaust gas purification.

List of reference symbols

10

Exhaust gas purification device

11

Exhaust pipe

11a

Pipe segment

12

Compensator

13

End

14

End

15

catalyst

16

Exhaust pipe section

17

Exhaust pipe section

18

Entrance opening

19

bypass

20

Locking device

21

axis

22

Guide element

23

Flow guide element

Claims (9)

Exhaust gas purification device (10) of an internal combustion engine, with an exhaust pipe (11) which extends with its longitudinal direction along cylinders arranged next to one another of at least one cylinder group of the internal combustion engine, with catalysts (15) arranged within the exhaust pipe (11) which divide the exhaust pipe (11) into a first exhaust pipe section (16) and a second exhaust pipe section (17), wherein the exhaust pipe sections (16, 17) each extend with their longitudinal direction along the cylinders of the at least one cylinder group, wherein the exhaust pipe (11) is coupled to the cylinders of the at least one cylinder group in order to introduce exhaust gas from the cylinders of the at least one cylinder group into the first exhaust pipe section (16) of the exhaust pipe (11), wherein starting from the first exhaust pipe section (16) of the exhaust pipe (11), unpurified exhaust gas is passed via the catalysts (15) transversely to the longitudinal direction of the exhaust pipe (11) into the second exhaust pipe section (17) of the exhaust pipe (11) is conductable in order to be guided as purified exhaust gas from the second exhaust pipe section (17) of the exhaust pipe (11) in the direction of at least one further component of the internal combustion engine. Exhaust gas purification device (10) according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the exhaust pipe (11) with its two exhaust pipe sections (16, 17) extends along all cylinders of a single cylinder group or of two cylinder groups, and that the first exhaust pipe section (16) of the exhaust pipe (11) is coupled to all cylinders of the one cylinder group or the two cylinder groups. Exhaust gas purification device (10) according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized by at least one bypass (19), via which exhaust gas can be conducted directly and uncleaned from the first exhaust pipe section (16) in the direction of the at least one further assembly of the internal combustion engine, bypassing the catalysts (15). Exhaust gas purification device (10) according to Claim 3 , characterized in that the bypass (19) is formed at one end (14) of the exhaust pipe (11). Exhaust gas purification device (10) according to Claim 4 , characterized in that the bypass (19) is formed at that end (13, 14) of the exhaust pipe (11) from which exhaust gas can be guided from the exhaust pipe (11) in the direction of the at least one further assembly of the internal combustion engine. Exhaust gas purification device (10) according to Claim 4 or 5 , characterized by a controllable closure device (20) associated with the bypass (19) which is designed to shut off and release the bypass (19). Exhaust gas purification device (10) according to Claim 6 , characterized in that the closure device (20) is designed to completely block or completely release the bypass (19) as well as to partially block and release it. Exhaust gas purification device (10) according to one of the Claims 1 until 7 , characterized in that at least one preferably grid-like guide element (22) is assigned to the respective catalyst (15). Exhaust gas purification device (10) according to one of the Claims 1 until 8th , characterized in that flow guide elements (23) are arranged in coupling regions of the cylinders of the respective cylinder group with the exhaust pipe (11), which guide the flow of the exhaust gas from the cylinders of the respective cylinder group as it enters the first exhaust pipe section (16) of the exhaust pipe (11).

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