DE102022120299A1 - Wind turbine and method for setting up a wind turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a wind turbine (1) having a tower (3) extending along a longitudinal axis (2), which carries a wind turbine (4) at its upper end and is connected to a foundation (6) at its lower end, whereby the Foundation (6) is not rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis (2). The invention further relates to a method for setting up a wind turbine (1).

Description

The present invention relates to a wind turbine with a tower which carries a wind turbine with a propeller or rotor blades at its upper end.

Wind turbines with a tower are well known from the prior art. Particularly on land, such wind turbines have a surface foundation that serves to transfer the forces acting on the foundation via the tower into the ground. Such foundations generally consist essentially of concrete, in particular reinforced concrete.

Furthermore, the reveals EP 2 103 743 A1 a foundation, this foundation being designed in the shape of a hollow cone, the dimensions of which are adapted to the load-bearing capacity of the soil and the load on the system.

Foundations known from the prior art are designed symmetrically to a longitudinal axis of the tower of the wind turbine in order to ensure sufficient support of the tower with the wind turbine attached to the tower in all spatial directions.

The object of the present invention is to develop a wind turbine in such a way that material can be saved when building the foundation, which leads to a cost reduction and also reduces the CO2 footprint of such a wind turbine.

This task is solved by the subject matter of the independent patent claims.

The basic idea of the present invention is to take the wind profile present at the location of the wind turbine into account when designing the foundation. Often there is a preferred direction of the wind at a location of the wind turbine or at the location there is a main wind direction from which the wind preferably blows, whereby the wind speeds are also taken into account when determining this main wind direction. For example, to determine the main wind direction, the wind direction is weighted by the wind speed. The weighting of wind speed when determining the main wind direction can vary. It is conceivable that the wind speed influences the main wind direction linearly. Preferably, however, the wind speed will be included squarely when determining the main wind direction, since it is known that the kinetic energy increases squarely with the speed.

• Die Windkraftanlage weist einen sich entlang einer Längsachse erstreckenden Turm auf, der an seinem oberen Ende eine Windturbine trägt und an seinem unteren Ende mit einem Fundament verbunden ist, wobei das Fundament nicht rotationssymmetrisch zu der Längsachse ausgebildet ist. Unter rotationssymmetrisch wird vorliegend verstanden, dass lediglich eine 1-zählige Drehsymmetrie vorliegt, somit nur ein Drehwinkel von 360° das Fundament auf sich selbst abbildet. Durch diese asymmetrische Gestaltung bzw. Anordnung des Fundaments bezüglich des Turms können die Seiten des Fundaments, die aufgrund der vorherrschenden Hauptwindrichtung stärkeren Belastungen ausgesetzt sind, größer dimensioniert sein, wohingegen das Fundament in den übrigen Raumrichtungen dementsprechend kleiner dimensioniert sein kann, da dort geringere Lasten von dem Fundament getragen werden müssen bzw. in die entsprechenden Richtungen die Krafteinwirkung durch den Turm und die auf den Turm einwirkenden Windkräfte geringer sind. Bei einem symmetrisch zu der Längsachse des Turms ausgebildeten Fundament müsste das Fundament allgemein stärker gestaltet sein, da es derart dimensioniert sein müsste, dass es im höchsten Lastfall die einwirkenden Lasten trägt. Da allerdings bei einer Hauptwindrichtung der höchste Lastfall lediglich in eine bestimmte Raumrichtung wirkt, ist eine derart starke Dimensionierung des Fundaments in die übrigen Raumrichtungen nicht notwendig. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen asymmetrischen Gestaltung wird hingegen die Hauptwindrichtung berücksichtigt und in die übrigen Raumrichtungen kann dementsprechend gegenüber einem symmetrischen Fundament Material eingespart werden.

According to the invention, the wind turbine is designed as follows:

• The wind turbine has a tower extending along a longitudinal axis, which carries a wind turbine at its upper end and is connected to a foundation at its lower end, the foundation not being designed to be rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis. In the present case, rotationally symmetrical means that there is only a 1-fold rotational symmetry, so only a rotation angle of 360° maps the foundation onto itself. Due to this asymmetrical design or arrangement of the foundation with respect to the tower, the sides of the foundation, which are exposed to greater loads due to the prevailing main wind direction, can be dimensioned larger, whereas the foundation can be dimensioned correspondingly smaller in the other spatial directions, since there are lower loads there must be supported by the foundation or in the corresponding directions the force exerted by the tower and the wind forces acting on the tower are lower. In the case of a foundation designed symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the tower, the foundation would generally have to be designed to be stronger, since it would have to be dimensioned in such a way that it carries the acting loads in the highest load case. However, since with a main wind direction the highest load case only acts in a certain spatial direction, such a strong dimensioning of the foundation in the other spatial directions is not necessary. In the asymmetrical design according to the invention, however, the main wind direction is taken into account and material can be saved in the other spatial directions compared to a symmetrical foundation.

It is considered particularly advantageous if the foundation has an oval shape when viewed along the longitudinal axis.

In a further preferred embodiment, the foundation is designed in the shape of a circular sector in a viewing direction along the longitudinal axis. It is quite conceivable that the corners of the circular sector are rounded.

In a further preferred embodiment it is provided that the foundation is circular in a viewing direction along the longitudinal axis, with the longitudinal axis running off-center to a center point of the foundation.

The foundation preferably has a symmetry that is not identical to the longitudinal axis axis, the foundation being rotationally symmetrical to this axis of symmetry, for example circular.

It is considered particularly advantageous if the foundation has the shape of a regular polygon when viewed along the longitudinal axis.

In a particularly preferred embodiment it is provided that the material of the foundation is steel-concrete.

In a particularly preferred embodiment it is provided that the wind turbine is installed at a location with a main wind direction, the wind turbine having a tower extending along a longitudinal axis, which carries a wind turbine at its upper end and is connected to a foundation at its lower end , wherein the foundation is not rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis, wherein in a viewing direction along the longitudinal axis, the foundation, based on the main wind direction, has a larger extent on the leeward side than in the direction of the other spatial directions. In this case, the leeward side is understood to mean the side of the wind turbine facing away from the wind, in relation to the tower.

• - Vermessen oder Bereitstellen eines an dem Standort vorherrschenden Windprofils umfassend die Windgeschwindigkeit und Windrichtung,
• - Ermitteln einer an dem Standort vorherrschenden Hauptwindrichtung aus dem Windprofil,
• - Errichten der Windkraftanlage, wobei die Windkraftanlage einen sich entlang einer Längsachse erstreckenden Turm aufweist, der an seinem oberen Ende eine Windturbine trägt und an seinem unteren Ende mit einem Fundament verbunden ist, wobei das Fundament nicht rotationssymmetrisch zu der Längsachse ausgebildet ist, wobei in einer Blickrichtung entlang der Längsachse das Fundament, bezogen auf die Hauptwindrichtung, eine größere Erstreckung auf der Leeseite aufweist als in Richtung der übrigen Raumrichtungen.

The invention also relates to a method for setting up a wind turbine at a location. The process has the following procedural steps:

• - measuring or providing a wind profile prevailing at the location, including the wind speed and wind direction,
• - Determining a prevailing main wind direction at the location from the wind profile,
• - Erecting the wind turbine, the wind turbine having a tower extending along a longitudinal axis, which carries a wind turbine at its upper end and is connected to a foundation at its lower end, the foundation not being designed to be rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis, in one Viewing direction along the longitudinal axis, the foundation, based on the main wind direction, has a greater extent on the leeward side than in the direction of the other spatial directions.

The shape and orientation of the foundation can be determined, for example, by displaying the wind profile as an area in a compass rose diagram, with the location of the tower forming the center of the compass rose diagram and then mirroring the area representing the wind profile at the center point. The mirrored surface then represents the shape and orientation of the foundation. As a rule, the mirrored surface is then converted into a simplified geometry. For example, an envelope can be formed onto the point-mirrored surface, which is composed of simple geometric shapes, such as circles, ellipses, polygons, trapezoids. Particularly in the area of the center, i.e. the tower, the foundation should not be determined solely by the wind profile, but in particular should be sufficiently expanded to also support the static weight forces of the tower including the turbine.

• 1 eine Ausführungsform einer Windkraftanlage in einer Blickrichtung gemäß dem Pfeil I in 2,
• 2 die Windkraftanlage in einer Ansicht gemäß dem Pfeil II in 1,
• 3 ein bei dem Aufstellungsort der Windkraftanlage gemäß 1 vorherrschendes Windprofil in einer Vektordarstellung,
• 4 die Windkraftanlage gemäß 1 in einer Draufsicht in einer schematischen Darstellung,
• 5 eine grafische Darstellung eines an einem Standort für eine Windkraftanlage gemessenen Windprofils in Form eines Windrosen-Diagramms,
• 6 eine Ausführungsform eines Fundaments, abgeleitet aus dem Windprofil gemäß 5,
• 7 eine weitere Ausführungsform des Fundaments, abgeleitet aus dem Windprofil gemäß 5,
• 8 eine Illustration eines Verfahrens zur Ermittlung der Geometrie des Fundaments unter Verwendung einer Punktspiegelung,
• 9 eine Illustration eines weiteren Verfahrens zur Ermittlung der Geometrie des Fundaments unter Verwendung einer Punktspiegelung,
• 10 alternative Ausführungsformen des Fundaments zu dem Windprofil aus 9.

In the following figures, the invention is explained in more detail using exemplary embodiments, without being limited to these. Show it:

• 1 an embodiment of a wind turbine in a viewing direction according to arrow I in 2 ,
• 2 the wind turbine in a view according to arrow II in 1 ,
• 3 one at the installation location of the wind turbine 1 prevailing wind profile in a vector representation,
• 4 the wind turbine according to 1 in a top view in a schematic representation,
• 5 a graphical representation of a wind profile measured at a location for a wind turbine in the form of a compass rose diagram,
• 6 an embodiment of a foundation, derived from the wind profile according to 5 ,
• 7 a further embodiment of the foundation, derived from the wind profile according to 5 ,
• 8th an illustration of a method for determining the geometry of the foundation using point reflection,
• 9 an illustration of another method for determining the geometry of the foundation using point reflection,
• 10 alternative embodiments of the foundation to the wind profile 9 .

The 1 shows a wind turbine 1, this wind turbine 1 having a tower 3 extending along a longitudinal axis 2, the longitudinal axis 2 in the present case running in the vertical direction Z. At its upper end, the tower 3 carries a wind turbine 4, this wind turbine 4 in the present case having three rotor blades 5. On his The lower end of the tower is connected to a foundation 6, the foundation 6 in this case being partially incorporated into a subsoil 7.

At the installation site of the wind turbine 1 there is a preferred direction of the wind, this preferred direction of the wind, namely the main wind direction, in the present case running along the X direction, as in particular the schematic representation of 3 can be seen, in which the wind profile is shown as a vector field. Longer vectors or arrows correspond to a stronger wind speed. In this case, the wind therefore blows essentially in the X direction, i.e. in the 3 left to right.

Like this in particular 2 and 4 As can be seen, the foundation 6 is not designed to be rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis 2 of the tower 3, but rather has a larger extent on the leeward side, thus the side facing away from the wind, in a viewing direction along the longitudinal axis 2, relative to the main wind direction. In the present case, the foundation 6 is in a viewing direction along the longitudinal axis 2 of the tower 3, as shown in the 3 is shown, oval shaped.

The 5 shows a measured wind profile, with this wind profile being shown as a compass rose diagram. The area marked with reference number 8 shows that the wind direction at the installation site is from the west, so the wind blows essentially from west to east. From the measured wind profile it can be deduced that the main wind direction is from west to east. Furthermore, the measured wind profile can be used to determine a fluctuation area from which the wind mainly comes. In the present case, this is shown graphically by the two arrows 9a and 9b, which envelop the surface 8. This means that the wind is coming from a northwest to southwest direction. Accordingly, it can be deduced for the foundation 6 to be built that, based on the tower 3 or the longitudinal axis 2 of the tower 3, it should be bulged in a southeast to northeast direction in order to absorb the forces acting due to the prevailing wind, whereas in the In the remaining spatial directions, the foundation 6 can be dimensioned correspondingly smaller or can have a smaller extent, since smaller forces have to be absorbed in these spatial directions.

The ones in the 6 and 7 The areas 10 shown show schematically a possible shape of a foundation 6 with a wind profile, as shown in the 5 is shown, in a viewing direction along the longitudinal axis 2 of the tower 3. The surfaces 10 have in common that they each have a bulge on the leeward side. The area 10 of the 6 essentially has the shape of a circular sector. The area 10 of the 7 essentially has the shape of two overlapping circular sectors with different radii.

The shape and orientation of the foundation 6 can be determined, for example, by mirroring the surface 8 representing the wind profile at the installation site of the tower 3 on the tower 3, as shown schematically in FIG 8th is shown. The point-mirrored surface 8' then represents the shape and orientation of the foundation 6, more precisely the surface 10 that the foundation 6 has in a top view.

As a rule, the mirrored surface 8 'is then converted into a simplified geometry, as exemplified in the schematic flow diagram of 9 is shown. In the 9 The wind profile is first provided in the form of a compass rose diagram. This or the surface 8 representing the wind profile is then subjected in a first step, which is represented by the arrow 11, to a point reflection around a center point 12 of the diagram, which corresponds to the installation location of the tower 3. The result is the mirrored surface 8`. In a second step, represented by the arrow 12, the surface 8 'is then converted into a simplified geometry in order to form the surface 10, which shows the foundation 6 in plan view. In the present case, the surface 10 is formed by a circle with an overlapping trapezoid, which covers the surface 8 '.

The 10 shows further possible forms of the foundation 6 for the wind profile that is in the 9 is shown in a top view. Like this in particular 9 b) As can be seen, it is not absolutely necessary that the surface 10 completely covers the mirrored wind profile 8'. It is also entirely conceivable that the area 10 has cantilevers on the leeward side. It is also conceivable that the surface 10 partially frames the mirrored wind profile or the mirrored surface 8', as exemplified in the 10e) is shown. This means that material can be saved on the leeward side, i.e. the load side.

It goes without saying that the specific dimensions of the necessary foundation 6 cannot necessarily be derived directly from the mirrored wind profile. Rather, the point reflection essentially serves to determine the basic shape of the foundation 6 from the wind profile. This basic shape then usually has to be scaled accordingly and, if necessary, converted into simplified geometries.

Reference symbol list

1

Wind turbine

2

Longitudinal axis

3

Tower

4

Wind turbine

5

rotor blade

6

foundation

7

underground

8th

Area

8th'

point-mirrored surface

9a

Arrow

9b

Arrow

10

Area

11

Arrow

12

Focus

13

Arrow

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• EP 2103743 A1 [0003]

Claims (9)

Wind turbine (1) having a tower (3) extending along a longitudinal axis (2), which carries a wind turbine (4) at its upper end and is connected to a foundation (6) at its lower end, the foundation (6) is not rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis (2). Wind turbine (1). Claim 1 , whereby the foundation (6) has an oval shape when viewed along the longitudinal axis (2). Wind turbine (1). Claim 1 , whereby the foundation (6) is circular sector-shaped in a viewing direction along the longitudinal axis (2). Wind turbine (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 3 , wherein in a viewing direction along the longitudinal axis (2), the foundation (6) is circular, with the longitudinal axis (6) running off-center to the foundation. Wind turbine (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 3 , wherein the foundation (6) has an axis of symmetry that is not identical to the longitudinal axis (2), the foundation (6) being rotationally symmetrical to this axis of symmetry. Wind turbine (1). Claim 5 , whereby the foundation (6) has the shape of a regular polygon in a viewing direction along the longitudinal axis (2). Wind turbine (1) according to one of the Claims 1 until 6 , whereby the material of the foundation (6) is steel-concrete. Wind turbine (1), which is built at a location with a main wind direction, the wind turbine (1) having a tower (3) extending along a longitudinal axis (2), which carries a wind turbine (4) at its upper end and at its lower end is connected to a foundation (6), wherein the foundation (6) is not rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis (2), with the foundation (6), based on the main wind direction, in a viewing direction along the longitudinal axis (2). has a larger extent on the leeward side than in the direction of the other spatial directions. Method for setting up a wind turbine (1) at a location, comprising: - measuring or providing a wind profile prevailing at the location, including the wind speed and wind direction, - Determining a prevailing main wind direction at the location from the wind profile, - Erecting the wind turbine (1), the wind turbine (1) having a tower (3) extending along a longitudinal axis (2), which carries a wind turbine (4) at its upper end and has a foundation (6) at its lower end ) is connected, wherein the foundation (6) is not rotationally symmetrical to the longitudinal axis (2), wherein in a viewing direction along the longitudinal axis (2), the foundation (6), based on the main wind direction, has a larger extent on the leeward side than in the direction of the other spatial directions.

Images