DE102022116555A1 - Switching table for a machine tool - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an indexing table (1) for a machine tool (2), having at least the following components: - at least one holding chuck (3, 4) for holding a workpiece (5) with a surface (6) to be machined with a surface normal (7 ); and - a pivoting device (8) for pivoting the at least one receiving chuck (3, 4) about a pivot axis (9) between different positions, the surface normal (7) being in a position for loading the receiving chuck (4) with a workpiece (5). a surface (6) of a recorded workpiece (5) to be machined has a first angle (11) to the earth's gravity field (10). The indexing table (1) is primarily characterized in that, in a position for machining, the surface normal (7) of a workpiece (5) held in the receiving chuck (3) has a second angle (12) of greater than zero degrees to the earth's gravity field (10). , whereby the first angle (11) is smaller than the second angle (12). With the indexing table proposed here, simple loading can be achieved in the position for loading and at the same time an advantageous machining angle can be achieved in the position for machining.

Description

The invention relates to an indexing table for a machine tool, a method with such an indexing table for equipping, and a deposition welding system with such an indexing table.

It is a challenge to keep materials and effort as well as carbon dioxide emissions low. This goal is pursued with great effort in almost all branches of industrial production and is in demand by customers. An important step in this direction is to switch from complex and expensive solid material products to cost-effective materials and to provide them with a functional coating. For example, for brake discs, cast bodies with a stainless steel coating and embedded friction materials, such as carbides, are used. This coating can be applied, for example, by deposition welding.

Particularly during deposition welding, a significant amount of heat is introduced into the workpiece, with some of the heat being released into the environment as thermal radiation. It was found on this side that this heat radiation leads to an increased cooling capacity required on the deposition welding device and thus to a reduction in the economic efficiency of such a deposition welding system.

Proceeding from this, the present invention is based on the object of at least partially overcoming the disadvantages known from the prior art. The features according to the invention result from the independent claims, to which advantageous embodiments are shown in the dependent claims. The features of the claims can be combined in any technically sensible manner, for which the explanations from the following description and features from the figures, which include additional embodiments of the invention, can also be consulted.

• - zumindest ein Aufnahmefutter zum Aufnehmen eines Werkstücks mit einer zu bearbeitenden Oberfläche mit einer Oberflächennormale; und
• - eine Schwenkeinrichtung zum Schwenken des zumindest einen Aufnahmefutters um eine Schwenkachse zwischen verschiedenen Positionen,

wobei in einer Position zum Bestücken des Aufnahmefutters mit einem Werkstück die Oberflächennormale einer zu bearbeitenden Oberfläche eines aufgenommenen Werkstücks zum Erdschwerefeld einen ersten Winkel aufweist.The invention relates to an indexing table for a machine tool, having at least the following components:

• - at least one holding chuck for holding a workpiece with a surface to be machined with a surface normal; and
• - a pivoting device for pivoting the at least one receiving chuck about a pivot axis between different positions,

wherein in a position for loading the receiving chuck with a workpiece, the surface normal of a surface to be machined of a recorded workpiece has a first angle to the earth's gravity field.

The indexing table is primarily characterized in that in a position for machining, the surface normal of a workpiece held in the chuck has a second angle to the earth's gravity field of greater than zero degrees,
where the first angle is smaller than the second angle.

In the following, reference is made to the axes mentioned if the axial direction, radial direction or circumferential direction and corresponding terms are used without explicitly stating otherwise. Ordinal numbers used in the preceding and following descriptions, unless explicitly stated to the contrary, only serve to clearly distinguish them and do not reflect the order or ranking of the designated components. An ordinal number greater than one does not mean that another such component must necessarily be present.

The switching table is designed to accelerate loading of the machine tool or to shorten the dead time links in the production chain. For this purpose, it is provided that at least one receiving chuck, preferably precisely or at least two receiving chucks, can be pivoted about a pivot axis between a position for loading the receiving chuck and a position for processing. For example, the workpieces are delivered from one side of the machine tool, for example standing ready on a pallet or (if necessary quasi-) continuously delivered via a conveyor system. From this location where the workpieces are prepared, the path to the receiving chuck in the position for loading is as short as possible and, if necessary, as ergonomic as possible and/or set up for robot handling. In the position for machining, the workpiece received by the receiving chuck is then held aligned for machining by means of the machining device of the machine tool (for example a deposition welding device of a deposition welding system).

The receiving chuck is intended to be held in an aligned manner, i.e. to lock it and create a relative alignment to the processing device of the machine tool that is as precise as possible. This enables a precise arrangement of the recorded workpiece in the machine coordinate system. In an advantageous embodiment, the receiving chuck is a clamp chuck, for example a three-jaw chuck for a workpiece to be rotated during machining. The recorded workpiece has a surface to be machined, although this is not necessarily the only surface of the recorded workpiece that is generally to be machined. Rather, this surface is the one that is to be processed in the current state received in the receiving chuck, i.e. that is to be or will be provided with a deposition weld layer.

It is now proposed here that the recorded workpiece is inclined during processing, i.e. in the position for processing, in such a way that the surface normal of the surface to be processed is inclined to the earth's gravity field (at a second angle). This has the advantage that a large part of the heat radiation is not emitted towards the processing device of the machine tool. In laser deposition welding, a large part of the portion of the laser radiation reflected on the surface to be processed is emitted away from the laser deposition welding device.

At the same time, however, it would be laborious, error-prone or even associated with increased wear on the chuck and/or the workpiece to be picked up if the workpiece had to be fed to the chuck at a large first angle. It is therefore proposed here that the first angle (the surface normal of the surface to be machined of the workpiece held in relation to the earth's gravity field) is smaller than the second angle (the surface normal of the workpiece held in the holding chuck to the earth's gravity field). The first angle is preferably approximately zero, i.e. the surface normal is aligned approximately parallel to the earth's gravity field.

The second angle, on the other hand, is preferably greater than 10° [ten degrees], particularly preferably greater than 20°. The second angle is less than 45° [forty-five degrees], so that a spot area of the cladding remains small and a large part of the energy input contributes to the melting of material required for the cladding welding.

In an advantageous embodiment, the pivot axis of the pivot device is aligned, for example, parallel to the earth's gravity field. Alternatively, the pivot axis is inclined at a fourth angle to the earth's gravity field, for example as a mean angle midway between the first angle and the second angle.

In one embodiment, the pivot axis lies in a plane to which the earth's gravity field is normally aligned, i.e. the pivot axis runs horizontally. The at least one receiving chuck carries out a turret movement between the position for loading and the position for processing. The surface normal of a surface to be machined of a recorded workpiece is, for example, aligned exactly radially or parallel to a radius to the horizontal pivot axis.

In one embodiment, the second angle (or its projection) lies in an axis section plane (imagined) relative to the pivot axis of the pivot device, i.e. a plane which is spanned by the pivot axis and a radius to the pivot axis.

In one embodiment, the second angle lies in a plane (imaginary) tangential to the pivot axis of the pivot device, i.e. a plane which has a parallel at the relevant radius (radial distance) to the pivot axis and a tangent at the relevant radius to the pivot axis is stretched.

In one embodiment, the second angle lies in an intermediate plane which is arranged between the axial intersection plane and the tangential plane, i.e. in which the intersection axis of the axial intersection plane and the tangential plane runs and has an angle to these two planes .

The arrangement with the second angle in the axis section plane has the advantage that the structure is simple. The arrangement with the second angle in the tangential plane has the advantage that the structure is particularly compact. The arrangement with the second angle in the intermediate plane has the advantage that the structure, with good compactness, can prevent a collision when pivoting the indexing table about the pivot axis or that the distance of any necessary evasive movement for the processing device of the machine tool is small.

In an advantageous embodiment, the vertical travel axis (relative to the surface to be machined of the received workpiece) of the processing device of the machine tool is aligned parallel to the surface normal of the surface to be machined of the workpiece received in the receiving chuck. What is achieved here is that no additional tangential traversing axis (relative to the axis of rotation of the recorded workpiece in the position for machining) is necessary.

It should be noted that the indexing table proposed here can also be used for other workpiece Machining, for example machining (for example turning or milling) is advantageous if, for example, machining inclined to the earth's gravity field is desired. This is advantageous when machining a large number of the same workpieces, for example making a hole with always the same angle (i.e. with an inclination towards the tool) or avoiding a collision with a part of the workpiece being picked up (possibly without an inclination towards the tool).

It is further proposed in an advantageous embodiment of the indexing table that the receiving chuck has a receiving axis,
whereby in the position for loading, the receiving axis is aligned parallel to the earth's gravity field.

This achieves a particularly simple or precise loading of the receiving chuck by aligning the receiving axis of the receiving chuck parallel to the earth's gravity field when the receiving chuck in question is in the position for loading. In the case of a recorded workpiece rotating during machining, the recording axis is preferably the axis of rotation of the recording chuck. In the case of a non-rotating, for example rigid, recorded workpiece, the receiving axis is, for example, a normal to a tool table, which includes the receiving chuck or on which the receiving chuck is attached or can be formed.

It is further proposed in an advantageous embodiment of the indexing table that the recording axis is aligned parallel to the surface normal of a surface to be machined of a recorded workpiece.

In this embodiment, the surface normal and the recording axis (which is parallel to the earth's gravity field) are parallel. This further simplifies the loading of the receiving chuck as described above. This is useful for applications in which the surface of the workpiece to be machined is aligned in the corresponding Cartesian plane to which the earth's gravity field is normal when the workpiece has been received in the chuck. Here, the recorded workpiece has a guide surface, due to which the surface normal of the surface to be machined of the recorded workpiece is aligned parallel to the earth's gravity field when aligned parallel to the earth's gravity field. The guide surface is the reference surface, preferably contact surface, of the receiving chuck, which is aligned parallel to the receiving axis.

It is further proposed in an advantageous embodiment of the indexing table that the receiving chuck is set up to rotate a recorded workpiece about a rotation axis,
wherein preferably the rotation axis and the recording axis are congruent with one another.

In this embodiment, the recorded workpiece is rotated about an axis of rotation during processing with the processing device, for example the workpiece being rotationally symmetrical to the axis of rotation (at least technically) or a center of gravity axis running through the axis of rotation (or in a balanced state). For example, such a workpiece is a brake disc, a brake drum or a piston.

In a preferred embodiment, the rotation axis is congruent with the receiving axis, so that the receiving axis is also the rotation axis of a drive of the receiving chuck. This enables low-unbalance, preferably (technically) unbalance-free, machining.

It is further proposed in an advantageous embodiment of the switching table that the machine tool is a deposition welding system, preferably set up for extremely high-speed laser deposition welding.

The machine tool is a laser spraying machine for thermal coating, or a laser welding machine for deposition welding, preferably for the above-mentioned extreme high-speed laser deposition welding [EHLA] (compare, for example DE 10 2011 100 456 A1 ). The coating, for example for surface finishing, is carried out with a welding filler material, which is provided as a wire or in powder form via a powder nozzle. The welding filler material is melted, melted and/or introduced into a melt pool formed by the deposition welding device in the surface to be processed (i.e. the surface to be coated) using a deposition welding device (in the case of an EHLA system, a laser device) and thus atomically with the surface to be coated level connected.

In laser deposition welding, the laser device is fed from and/or includes one or more laser sources. The laser beam or the multiple laser beams of the laser device are focused onto a laser focus, with the energy density (intensity) for the desired (maximum) thermal input preferably only being present in this area. The laser focus has a spatial extent, for example with a diameter (in a plane parallel to the surface to be coated) of 1 mm [one millimeter] to 12 mm, for example from 1.2 mm to 8 mm, particularly preferably from 3 mm to 4 mm. It should be noted that the area depends on the power of the laser beam used and should have an increasing diameter as the power increases to achieve the desired energy density on the surface to be coated. In one embodiment of the application method that can be carried out with the deposition welding system, the intersection or the intersection between the laser focus of the laser device and the surface to be coated is formed outside the area of highest intensity of the laser beam. This intersection or this cutting surface is effective for melting and/or for burning into the surface. Nevertheless, this intersection between the laser beam and the surface to be coated is referred to here as the laser focus.

In an advantageous embodiment, for example for extremely high-speed laser deposition welding [EHLA], a powder nozzle is provided for providing the welding filler material. In an advantageous embodiment, the powder nozzle has one (for example lateral) or more outlets and/or an annular gap outlet, with the powder material being transported by means of a gas stream (for example air or an inert carrier gas). The powder material is thus conveyed as a powder stream along a powder trajectory by means of the shape of the at least one outlet and the speed of the gas stream. In the case of a more complex powder nozzle or a more complex gas jet, this must be referred to as a powder focus. In laser deposition welding, for example in a design coaxial with the laser beam, the powder focus is defined by a conical arrangement of the plurality of nozzle channels (powder ring as an imaginary ring line through a plurality of points) or by a ring nozzle (revolving powder ring).

Due to the conical structure, the coaxial powder ring tapers concentrically to a powder focus. After passing through the powder focus, the powder gas jet diverges along the direction of propagation (of the laser beam). In one embodiment, the powder focus is to be aligned relative to the laser focus

It is further proposed in an advantageous embodiment of the indexing table that two or more receiving chucks are included,
wherein a first of the receiving chucks is in the position for processing when a second of the receiving chucks is in the position for loading.

To reduce the dead time element in production, it is advantageous to provide two or more receiving chucks, with two receiving chucks one (preferably exclusively) being in the position for loading when the other receiving chuck is in the position for processing. In one embodiment, several first receiving chucks and/or several second receiving chucks are provided, which are each simultaneously in the position for processing or in the position for loading. In one embodiment, more than two receiving chucks are arranged one behind the other, with, for example, a position for cooling, further processing and/or post-processing being provided, the machine tool comprising, for example, a plurality of processing devices which are aligned accordingly for further processing or post-processing. In a preferred embodiment, only the position for loading and the position for processing are provided, with positions in between in regular operation of the machine tool only being present during a movement between these two positions. Preferably, the switching table can be pivoted exclusively in a single direction by means of the pivoting device, i.e. can be rotated infinitely or can only be pivoted back and forth (back and forth) between the two positions.

The receiving chucks are preferably all fixed to one another and to the pivoting device.

It is further proposed in an advantageous embodiment of the indexing table that a shielding wall is provided between the receiving chucks,
wherein preferably the shielding wall has a heat capacity which is equal to or greater than that of a workpiece to be machined.

The shielding wall is intended to protect a worker and/or a robot, with loading and processing preferably being able to be carried out at the same time with sufficient occupational safety. In one embodiment, a privacy screen is formed by the shielding wall, especially during deposition welding, particularly preferably during laser deposition welding. This means that a worker and/or robot is safely protected from harmful laser radiation. In one embodiment, the shielding wall forms an impact protection, especially in removal processes, for example cutting processes. This protects a worker and/or robot from injury as a result of an escape pers (e.g. one or more chips) safely protected.

In a preferred embodiment, the shielding wall has a high heat capacity, so that waste heat and/or (misdirected or reflected) laser radiation can be absorbed without damaging the shielding wall. In one embodiment, a worker and/or robot is also protected, especially in the event of a rather rare error, which is to be expected so rarely that the shielding wall can absorb the (error) heat and cool down again until the error occurs occurs repeatedly.

1. a. mittels der Schwenkeinrichtung, Bereitstellen eines ersten der Aufnahmefutter in der Position zum Bestücken;
2. b. mittels des bereitgestellten Aufnahmefutters, Arretieren eines eingesetzten Werkstücks; und
3. c. mittels der Schwenkeinrichtung, Schwenken des bestückten Aufnahmefutters in die Position zum Bearbeiten, wobei damit zugleich ein zweites der Aufnahmefutter in die Position zum Bestücken geschwenkt wird.

According to a further aspect, a method for equipping an indexing table according to an embodiment according to the above description is proposed, comprising the following steps:

1. a. by means of the pivoting device, providing a first of the receiving chucks in the position for loading;
2. b. using the chuck provided, locking an inserted workpiece; and
3. c. by means of the pivoting device, pivoting the loaded receiving chuck into the position for processing, at the same time a second of the receiving chucks being pivoted into the position for loading.

An advantageous method is proposed here, for which the indexing table is set up with at least two differently positioned receiving chucks according to the above description. It should be noted that the switching table can also be operated or used differently. Method steps described above with reference to the indexing table are supplementary or alternative embodiments of the method described here.

In step a. A (or a plurality of) first receiving chucks are provided in the position for loading by means of the pivoting device. The (respective) first receiving chuck can then be equipped with (each) a workpiece to be picked up by a worker and/or a robot. The workpiece can preferably be inserted along the earth's gravity field onto or into the (respective) first receiving chuck, i.e. it can be picked up. This often makes it easier to adjust the position using the center of gravity of the workpiece.

In step b. The inserted workpiece is locked by means of the provided (first in this example) receiving chuck, i.e. fixed in or on the first receiving chuck. In one embodiment, this is done at the same time as the position of the workpiece is adjusted. Alternatively or additionally, the position of the workpiece is adjusted after locking by adjusting the chuck.

In step c. The equipped (first in this example) receiving chuck is pivoted into the position for processing by means of the pivoting device. This means that at the same time (preferably at the same time) one (or a plurality of) second chucks are pivoted into the position for loading. In one embodiment, one (or a plurality of) further receiving chucks and/or, in an alternative embodiment, the respective second receiving chuck is pivoted into a further position at the same time (preferably at the same time).

It should be noted that the movements of the switching table or a machine tool are preferably fully automatic. For this purpose, at least one drive machine is provided, for example for a translational and/or a rotational movement, preferably by means of a drive rotor, for example via a spindle drive. In an advantageous embodiment, a single drive machine is provided for each of the movement axes of the machine tool.

According to a further aspect, a build-up welding system is proposed, comprising an indexing table according to an embodiment according to the above description and a build-up welding device with a welding axis, by means of which, in the position for processing, a welding filler material can be welded onto a surface to be machined of a workpiece held in the receiving chuck,
wherein in the position for processing, the surface normal of a recorded workpiece has a third angle of greater than zero degrees to the welding axis of the deposition welding device.

The deposition welding system is set up for deposition welding, preferably for the above-mentioned extreme high-speed laser deposition welding [EHLA]. The coating, for example for surface finishing, is carried out with a welding filler material, which is provided in wire form or powder form via a powder nozzle. The powder material is melted, melted and/or introduced into a melt pool formed by the laser device in the surface to be coated and is thus connected to the surface to be coated at the atomic level.

The deposition welding device includes an energy output, for example for an arc or a flame, preferably a laser. In one embodiment, the deposition welding device The device for laser deposition welding is fed from and/or includes one or more laser sources. The laser beam or the multiple laser beams of the laser device are focused onto one (or more) laser focuses, with the energy density (intensity) for the desired (maximum) thermal input preferably only being present in the (respective) laser focus. The laser focus has a spatial extent, for example with a diameter (in a plane parallel to the surface to be coated) of 1 mm [one millimeter] to 12 mm, for example from 1.2 mm to 8 mm, particularly preferably 3 mm to 4 mm. It should be noted that the area depends on the power of the laser beam used and should have an increasing diameter as the power increases to achieve the desired energy density on the surface to be coated. In one embodiment of the deposition welding that can be carried out with the deposition welding system, the intersection point or the intersection surface between the laser focus of the laser device and the surface to be coated is formed outside the area of highest intensity of the laser beam. This intersection or this cutting surface is effective for melting and burning into the surface. Nevertheless, this intersection between the laser beam and the surface to be coated is referred to here as the laser focus.

In an embodiment with a powder nozzle for providing a powdery welding filler material, the powder nozzle has one (for example lateral) or more outlets and/or an annular gap outlet, wherein the powder material is transported by means of a gas stream (for example air or an inert carrier gas). The powder material is thus conveyed as a powder stream along a powder trajectory by means of the shape of the at least one outlet and the speed of the gas stream. In the case of a more complex powder nozzle or a more complex gas jet, this must be referred to as a powder focus.

In laser deposition welding, the powder focus is defined, for example in a design coaxial with the laser beam, by a conical arrangement of the plurality of nozzle channels (powder ring as an imaginary ring line through a plurality of points) or by a ring nozzle (revolving powder ring). Due to the conical structure, the coaxial powder ring tapers concentrically to a powder focus. After passing through the powder focus, the powder gas jet diverges along the direction of propagation (of the laser beam). In one embodiment, the powder focus is to be aligned relative to the laser focus.

The deposition welding system includes a switching table according to the above embodiment. At least one workpiece is received therein by the at least one receiving chuck and in the position for processing, the workpiece (or its surface to be processed) can be coated with a welding filler material by means of the deposition welding device.

A delivery actuator for the deposition welding device is set up for delivery (for example of the laser device or its laser focus and the powder nozzle or its powder focus) relative to the workpiece or its surface to be coated. The feed actuator comprises at least one actuator, preferably a plurality of actuators, for translationally and/or rotationally moving the deposition welding device and/or the workpiece. Part of the delivery actuator is, for example, encompassed by the switching table.

The part of the feed actuators outside the indexing table are preferably only translational axes, for example by means of a spindle actuator. In an embodiment with a rotated workpiece, for example, a single translational axis is sufficient, which is radially aligned with the rotation axis. In one embodiment, a movement axis aligned normal to the surface of the workpiece or parallel to the earth's gravity field is additionally provided, this being provided for workpieces of different sizes and/or for a possibility of clamping the workpiece in the tool chuck of the coating device without collision and/or in order to be able to easily maintain or replace the deposition welding device. In a preferred embodiment, an adjustment to the layer is thus possible. Alternatively or additionally, different layers that force axial movement are applied on different deposition welding systems.

For example, with a brake disc as a workpiece, the brake disc (in the position for processing) is rotated about its axis of rotation (in the chuck) by the indexing table or the relevant first chuck and the laser device and the powder nozzle are guided radially, so that an (at least approximate) spiral shape is formed the order track results.

In the position for processing, the surface normal of a recorded workpiece has a third angle of greater than zero degrees to the welding axis of the deposition welding device. In one embodiment, the welding axis is parallel to the earth's gravity field and therefore the third angle is equal to the second angle (processing). Alternatively, the welding axis has an inclination to the earth's gravity field, so that the third angle is composed of the second angle (processing) and the inclination of the welding axis to the earth's gravity field, i.e. subtracted from each other with the same direction of inclination and added to each other with the opposite direction of inclination. Preferably, the welding axis is parallel to the earth's gravity field in the radial direction to the receiving axis and/or rotation axis, i.e. the radial vector component is zero.

It is further proposed in an advantageous embodiment of the deposition welding system that the second angle and the third angle are identical,
preferably between 20° and 45°,
particularly preferably between 25° and 30°.

In this embodiment, the second angle (processing) and the third angle (welding axis to workpiece) are identical, preferably in that the welding axis is aligned parallel to the earth's gravity field.

The angle is chosen such that the largest possible proportion of the welding filler material hits or remains on the surface to be machined and at the same time waste heat, and in the case of laser deposition welding the non-absorbed and deflected laser beam, is radiated away from the deposition welding device with the largest possible proportion. This means that the necessary cooling capacity on the deposition welding device can be significantly reduced.

An angle of more than 45° [forty-five of 360°] is not beneficial for the material efficiency, i.e. the proportion that remains on the surface of the workpiece to be machined. At an angle of less than 20° [twenty of 360°], a significant proportion is reflected back into the deposition welding device due to the non-directional waste heat radiation and the scattering effects for the radiation of the welding energy (even with laser deposition welding). The optimal angle in this field is therefore 25° to 30°. It should be noted that here the third angle, i.e. from the surface normal of the surface to be machined of the recorded workpiece to the welding axis, is decisive for these angle details.

• 1: ein Schalttisch in einer Werkzeugmaschine in einer perspektivischen Ansicht von der Bearbeitungsseite;
• 2: der Schalttisch gemäß 1 in einer perspektivischen Ansicht von der Bestückungsseite;
• 3: ein Schalttisch gemäß 1 in einer Seitenansicht von der Bestückungsseite;
• 4: ein Schalttisch in einer alternativen Ausführungsform in seitlicher Schnittansicht; und
• 5: ein Schalttisch gemäß 4 in einer Draufsicht.

The invention described above is explained in detail below against the relevant technical background with reference to the associated drawings, which show preferred embodiments. The invention is in no way limited by the purely schematic drawings, although it should be noted that the drawings are not true to size and are not suitable for defining size relationships. It is presented in

• 1 : an indexing table in a machine tool in a perspective view from the machining side;
• 2 : the switching table according to 1 in a perspective view from the assembly side;
• 3 : a switching table according to 1 in a side view from the assembly side;
• 4 : an switching table in an alternative embodiment in a side sectional view; and
• 5 : a switching table according to 4 in a top view.

In 1 an indexing table 1 in a machine tool 2 is shown in a perspective view from the machining side with two chucks 3,4. The machine tool 2 shown here is a deposition welding system 17 and has a tool 21, which is set up as a deposition welding device 19 for laser deposition welding, for example for extremely high-speed laser deposition welding [EHLA]. In this exemplary embodiment, the (second) angle is 12 to the earth's gravity field 10, to which here (purely optionally) the welding axis 20 of the deposition welding device 19 is aligned parallel (i.e. perpendicular), and the surface normal 7 of the surface to be machined 6 of the front (as shown). recorded workpiece 5 25° [twenty-five degrees of 360°]. The (fourth) angle 14 of the welding axis 20 to the surface normal 7 of the recorded workpiece 5 is therefore 25°. The workpiece 5 picked up by a corresponding (first) receiving chuck 3 (hidden here) is clamped for machining in a rotating manner about the centrally shown axis of rotation 16, with the axis of rotation 16 and also the (here congruent) receiving axis 15 of the (first) receiving chuck 3 parallel to the Surface normal 7 is aligned. The workpiece 5 picked up by the (first) chuck 3 is, for example, a brake disc.

(As shown) behind a shielding wall 18, a further (second) receiving chuck 4 or the recorded workpiece 5 covering this can be seen, which is identical to the front one here, purely for the sake of clarity, without excluding generality. Its recording axis 15 (and axis of rotation 16 as well as surface normal 7 of the surface 6 to be processed) is aligned vertically, i.e. parallel to the earth's gravity field 10, and thus the first angle 11 is zero here. The switching table 1 comprises a pivoting device 8, which has a pivot axis 9 at a central (fourth) angle 14 has, namely here 12.5 ° [twelve and a half degrees] to the earth's gravity field 10. The switching table 1 can be pivoted around this pivot axis 9 between the position for loading (rear workpiece 5) and the position for processing (front workpiece 5), by 180 ° [half turn] back and forth or endlessly.

It should be noted that neither the recording axis 15 nor the rotation axis 16 are necessarily parallel to the surface normal 7 of the recorded workpiece 5 in every embodiment of the indexing table 1. Rather, in one embodiment, the surface 6 to be machined is inclined to the receiving axis 15 of the receiving chuck and such a receiving chuck is then inclined differently to the earth's gravity field 10, so that the desired first angle 11 and second angle 12 are present in the series of these angles.

It should be noted that in the embodiment shown, the pivot axis 9 of the pivot device 8 lies in an inclined plane. The inclined plane is inclined to a vertical plane through which the earth's gravity field 10 and a surface normal 7 of the recorded workpiece 5 run or are parallel in the position for assembly (namely, here the axis of rotation 16 of the workpiece 5 in question runs through the vertical plane). The cutting axis of these two (imaginary) planes is perpendicular to the earth's gravity field 10 and intersects the surface normal 7 or the rotation axis 16 of the two recorded workpieces 5. The pivot axis 9 is here inclined away (radially) from this imaginary cutting axis on the workpiece side from the tool 21 of the machine tool 2 . The at least one receiving chuck 3, 4 carries out a rotation between the position for loading and the position for processing about the pivot axis 9, which is slightly inclined to the earth's gravity field 10. The second angle 12 (surface normal 7 of the front workpiece 5) lies in an (imaginary) plane tangential to the pivot axis 9 of the pivot device 8, i.e. a plane which is parallel to the pivot axis 9 and at the relevant radius (radial distance). a tangent at the relevant radius to the pivot axis 9 is spanned. The structure of the switching table 1 shown is particularly compact despite the inclined axes.

In the embodiment shown here, the vertical travel axis 22 of the processing device of the machine tool 2 (relative to the surface 6 to be machined of the received workpiece 5) is aligned parallel to the surface normal 7 of the surface 6 to be machined of the workpiece 5 accommodated in the receiving chuck 3,4. What is achieved here is that no additional tangential travel axis 22 (relative to the rotation axis 16 of the recorded workpiece 5 in the position for machining) is necessary. In this exemplary embodiment, the tangential direction is aligned parallel to the shielding wall 18. For machining purposes, the tool 21 can be moved back and forth along the radial travel axis 23 exclusively radially (in relation to the rotation axis 16 of the recorded workpiece 5 in the position for machining). The vertical travel axis 22 is preferably set up solely to approach a (current) processing height. The current processing height depends on the workpiece dimensions and, if necessary, on the deposition layer (deposition welding) or removal layer (chip removal).

In the embodiment shown, it can be seen on the shielding wall 18 of the indexing table 1 and (for a desired inclination or parallelism to the surface normal 7 of the surface 6 to be machined) on the vertical travel axis 22 of the tool 21 that different (second) angles 12 are formed over a row of holes are adjustable. This is advantageous for the desired flexibility in this respect, but there is no need for the switching table 1 or the machine tool 2.

In 2 is the switching table 1 according to 1 shown in a perspective view from the assembly side. The pivoting device 8 and the course of the pivot axis 9 can be clearly seen. It can also be seen that the (second) receiving chuck 4 (covered by the recorded workpiece 5) is in the position for loading in the same way as the one in 1 recognizable first receiving chuck 3 is executed. Simply by pivoting the switching table 1 about the inclined pivot axis 9, the surface normal 7 of the workpiece 5 (front as shown here) is perpendicular and the rear workpiece 5 is inclined to the earth's gravity field 10.

In 3 is a switching table 1 according to 1 shown in a side view from the assembly side. Here the first angle 11 (0° to the earth's gravity field 10) of the recorded workpiece 5 is in the position for loading (front view), the second angle 12 of the rear workpiece 5 as shown (here covered by the shielding wall 18) is in the position Machining is 25° to the earth's gravity field 10, as well as the third angle 13 of the welding axis 20 to the surface normal 7 of the hidden rear workpiece 5 or in this case also to the receiving axis 15 and the rotation axis 16 of the rear (first) receiving chuck 3. The pivot axis 9 is here for a particularly simple and at the same time compact design for the earth's gravity field 10 with one fourth angle 14 of 12.5 °, so that the specified angles are present in the position for loading and in the position for processing without further degrees of freedom, i.e. by simply rotating the indexing table 1 about this pivot axis 9.

In 4 an switching table 1 is shown in a side sectional view in an alternative embodiment. As a result, the angles 11, 12, 13, 14 are as in the previously described embodiment 1 until 3 . Here, in contrast, the second angle 12 lies in an (imaginary) axis section plane relative to the pivot axis 9 of the pivot device 8, i.e. a plane which is spanned by the pivot axis 9 and a radius to the pivot axis 9. The relative angles 24 add up here in series (or in the plane of the sheet). The arrangement with the second angle 12 in the axis section plane has the advantage that the structure is simple.

In 5 is a switching table 1 according to 4 shown in a top view, whereby the pivoting space 25 (between the inner dashed circle and the outer circle with a solid line) can be seen here. Here is a processing area 26 for the tool 21 (compare, for example, in 1 until 3 ) is displayed, in which the tool 21 moves back and forth for machining (translatory and uniaxial). In this embodiment, no collision occurs when the indexing table 1 is pivoted about the pivot axis 9. Alternatively, the tool 21 can be moved translationally (uniaxially) into the anti-collision area 27.

With the switching table proposed here, easy loading can be achieved in the position for loading and at the same time an advantageous machining angle can be achieved in the position for editing.

Reference symbol list

1

switch table

2

machine tool

3

first chuck (processing position)

4

second chuck (equipment position)

5

picked up workpiece

6

surface to be processed

7

Surface normals

8th

Swivel device

9

Pivot axis

10

Earth's gravity field

11

first angle (equipment)

12

second angle (editing)

13

third angle (welding axis to workpiece)

14

fourth angle (pivot axis)

15

Recording axis

16

Axis of rotation

17

Deposition welding system

18

screening wall

19

Deposition welding device

20

Welding axis

21

Tool

22

vertical travel axis

23

radial travel axis

24

Relative angle

25

Swivel space

26

Editing area

27

Anti-collision area

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102011100456 A1 [0029]

Claims (10)

Switching table (1) for a machine tool (2), having at least the following components: - at least one receiving chuck (3,4) for receiving a workpiece (5) with a surface (6) to be machined with a surface normal (7); and - a pivoting device (8) for pivoting the at least one receiving chuck (3, 4) about a pivot axis (9) between different positions, the surface normal (7) being in a position for loading the receiving chuck (4) with a workpiece (5). a surface (6) of a workpiece (5) to be processed has a first angle (11) to the earth's gravity field (10), characterized in that in a position for processing the surface normal (7) of a workpiece (7) received in the receiving chuck (3) 5) has a second angle (12) of greater than zero degrees to the earth's gravity field (10), the first angle (11) being smaller than the second angle (12). Switching table (1). Claim 1 , wherein the receiving chuck (3,4) has a receiving axis (15), the receiving axis (15) being aligned parallel to the earth's gravity field (10) in the position for loading. Switching table (1). Claim 2 , wherein the receiving axis (15) is aligned parallel to the surface normal (7) of a surface (6) of a recorded workpiece (5) to be machined. Switching table (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the receiving chuck (3,4) is set up to rotate a recorded workpiece (5) about a rotation axis (16), wherein preferably the rotation axis (16) and the receiving axis (15) are congruent with one another. Switching table (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the machine tool (2) is a deposition welding system (17), preferably set up for extremely high-speed laser deposition welding. Switching table (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein two or more receiving chucks (3,4) are included, wherein a first of the receiving chucks (3) is in the position for processing when a second of the receiving chucks (4) is in the position for loading. Switching table (1). Claim 6 , wherein a shielding wall (18) is provided between the receiving chucks (3, 4), the shielding wall (18) preferably having a heat capacity which is equal to or greater than that of a workpiece (5) to be machined. Method for equipping an switching table (1). Claim 6 or Claim 7 , comprising the following steps: a. by means of the pivoting device (8), providing a first of the receiving chucks (3) in the position for loading; b. by means of the provided holding chuck (3), locking an inserted workpiece (5); and c. by means of the pivoting device (8), pivoting the loaded receiving chuck (3) into the position for processing, at the same time a second of the receiving chucks (4) being pivoted into the position for loading. Deposition welding system (17), having an indexing table (1) according to one of Claim 1 until Claim 7 and a deposition welding device (19) with a welding axis (20), by means of which, in the position for processing, a welding filler material can be welded onto a surface (6) to be processed of a workpiece (5) held in the receiving chuck (3, 4), in which Position for processing the surface normal (7) of a recorded workpiece (5) to the welding axis (20) of the deposition welding device (19) has a third angle (13) of greater than zero degrees. Build-up welding system (17). Claim 9 , wherein the second angle (12) and the third angle (13) are identical, preferably between 20° and 45°, particularly preferably between 25° and 30°.

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