DE102022110836A1 - DEVICE AND METHOD FOR MEASURING THE RATIO OF FORCE, SPEED AND POWER DURING MOVING IN UNLOADED AND OVERLOADED CONDITIONS - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention solves the problem of measuring kinetics during locomotion in the unloaded and overloaded states. It is one of the measuring devices in kinesiological research and sports performance diagnostics as well as one of the exercise devices used in strength and conditioning training.

Description

Field of invention

The present invention relates to the field of sports performance diagnostics and research devices in kinesiology and human locomotion. The invention relates to a device that measures force, speed and power generated by an athlete during locomotion under unloaded or overloaded conditions. The device can be used to measure movement kinetics as a result of neuromuscular function during various cyclic movements. Secondarily, it also serves as an advanced sports training device.

Background of the invention and the technical problem

Physical performance is an essential factor for success in all sports. To achieve the best results, the highest level of performance must be achieved. However, it will only be achieved if the efficient features of locomotion mechanics are preserved. Therefore, the main goal of sports diagnostics is to determine these characteristics and evaluate the athlete's performance level. Based on the diagnosis, appropriate training can be designed or optimized to achieve the highest possible level of performance. Among various neuromuscular kinetic outputs, one of the most important determinants is power (P), which is simply a product of force generated (F) and speed (v) of movement/contraction. For this purpose, the mechanical capabilities of the human musculoskeletal system are measured during one (acyclic) or several (cyclic) consecutive movements for movements with one or more joints. In addition, the relationship between F, v and P and their magnitude during locomotion provides valuable information about the athlete's performance and the behavior of the musculoskeletal system.

In particular, the force-velocity relationship (F-v) is hyperbolic in a single-joint movement and changes to an inverse linear relationship when multi-joint movements are performed. Starting from a simple mechanical equation and the already known parameters F and v, the power P generated during multi-joint movements is described as parabolic. Since these mechanical properties are also associated with individual morphological factors, neural mechanisms and segmental dynamics, they have a high predictive value for the performance level of athletes and a high validity.

Based on F, v and P obtained during locomotion, the maximum theoretical values representing the mechanical limits of the entire neuromuscular system can be extrapolated. In addition, the maximum P power (Pmax) can provide integrated information about the efficiency of locomotion. By analyzing the variables, the profile (F-v profile) of the athletes can be determined for a variety of movements. The slope of the ratio between F and v determines the dominance of force or speed. Steeper slopes are described as “power-dominant”, while at lower gradients the profile is described as “speed-dominant”. Taking into account the practical application of the device for training, a more optimal progression and load can be provided to achieve either force (high force/load and low speed), power (optimal force/load and speed at which Pmax is observed) or speed ( low force/load, high speed).

Although some methods for calculating the F-v profile are theoretically well established, the practical implementation of training and research using valid measurement instruments is lacking in science and practice. This is particularly evident in cyclic linear movement tasks such as running, sprinting, swimming or skating. A device for measuring F-v-P during locomotion therefore has two main advantages. Firstly, for research, where it can provide valid and reliable quantitative data in real time and enables on-site monitoring. On the other hand, for sports training, in which systematic training based on objective, qualitative performance diagnostics and optimal load is possible with the help of the device. This type of training has already proven to be efficient in terms of performance and injury prevention.

Consequently, the object of the invention is to provide a device that measures force, speed and power generated by an athlete during locomotion in an unloaded or overloaded state. In known devices, both the unloaded and the overloaded state are guaranteed by an electric motor that is not transportable. Manual braking systems such as rubber bands and pulleys are sometimes used instead of the electric motor, but these do not allow measurements. Those through the present The technical problem solved by the invention is to provide an alternative arrangement which generates a repulsive and propulsive force during a locomotion movement of a person using the system, said arrangement enabling measurements and a light construction of the system ensuring easy transport of the device.

State of the art

A device according to the patent application US 2010/0093493 A1 allows a runner to be slowed down while a in the patent application US 2014/0323270 A1 The device described enables an athlete to accelerate and brake while moving. Both devices use an electric motor to generate and change the repulsive or propulsive force for the athlete in motion. However, none of the devices allow measurements of F, v and/or P.

The ones in the document US 5,813,945 A The device described allows a swimmer to be accelerated or decelerated in order to measure the force generated by the swimmer during strokes. Similarly, in the patent US 6,454,679 B1 used a treadmill that allowed the runner to accelerate or decelerate and measured the force and speed generated while moving on the treadmill. Again, both devices require an electric motor to provide resistance or assisting action, which distinguishes them from the present invention.

Several additional portable devices were investigated to evaluate in situ F-v ratios during cyclic motion. The 1080 SPRINT™ device is a device for on-site sprint testing and training. An electric motor provides resistance and support while running. The device can be used to measure cyclic movements (e.g. running, swimming) and rapid changes of direction, such as in ball sports (e.g. football, basketball and tennis). It records force and speed and calculates power output. This device can provide horizontal sprint resistance up to 30kg.

In contrast, the Run Rocket™ is a wearable device that provides unlimited additional resistance while moving by manually braking a flywheel. With its wide resistance range, it can be used in many sports (both running and jumping) and by athletes of different fitness levels. The linear and consistent resistance allows the development of greater speed, explosiveness and agility. However, the load used is displayed on a scale of 1 to 30 and the device does not allow for metric measurement of force, speed and power during a particular movement.

Vertimax V8 EX™ is a device that provides additional resistance during movement. It can be used for various movements such as running or jumping. Resistance is created by a series of elastic bands connected by a system of pulleys that slow the athlete in the direction of movement. However, this device does not allow measurement of force, speed or power generated.

Description of the solution to the technical problem

1. a) F0 - die maximale theoretische Kraft, berechnet auf der Grundlage der Extrapolation der Regressionslinie, bei einer Geschwindigkeit von 0,
2. b) v0 - die maximale theoretische Geschwindigkeit, berechnet auf der Grundlage der Extrapolation der Regressionsgeraden, bei der theoretischen Kraft von 0,
3. c) Pmax - die maximale theoretische Leistung, berechnet aus F und V und
4. d) die Steigung der interpolierten Regressionsgeraden.

The present invention solves the technical problem of simultaneously measuring the speed and the magnitude of the force (F) acting on the athlete's body during a particular movement, such as running or swimming, through the subject of the independent claims. The invention enables valid measurements of the Fv ratio variables in situ:

1. a) F0 - the maximum theoretical force, calculated on the basis of extrapolation of the regression line, at a speed of 0,
2. b) v0 - the maximum theoretical speed, calculated on the basis of extrapolation of the regression line, at the theoretical force of 0,
3. c) Pmax - the maximum theoretical power, calculated from F and V and
4. d) the slope of the interpolated regression line.

The invention allows measurements under (1) overload conditions using a repulsive force applied to the athlete in motion or (2) unloading conditions using a propulsive force. In addition, the invention enables an optimal training load to be evaluated, which is carried out with such a (re)load.

The essence of the invention is that the device includes a hydraulic system that generates a force and thus creates resistance (overload) for the athlete in motion. In addition, the resistance value within the hydraulic system is measured, which, together with the speed of movement, creates a biome mechanical analysis of locomotion enables. The resistance value is measured using an integrated pressure sensor arranged to indirectly measure the effective force between the device and the athlete. However, the hydraulic system is intended only for generating the repulsive force, while the driving force is provided in any suitable known manner, preferably with an electric motor. Such a solution is superior to known solutions for various reasons. Firstly, the hydraulics are cheaper than electric motors, secondly, the hydraulics are purely mechanical, therefore no additional battery or electricity is required when generating the repulsive force, and thirdly, the hydraulic system provides reliable and valid results of the measured force and speed. In addition, due to the lower weight of its components, the device can be easily transported, allowing on-site measurements and exercises.

• - zwei Hydraulikflüssigkeitszylinder mit je einer Gewindekolbenstange und einem mit Hydraulikflüssigkeitsseparatoren verbundenen Kolben, wobei die genannten Zylinder mit einem Gehäuse verbunden sind,
• - das Gehäuse, in dem:
  • o eine Hydraulikflüssigkeit durch ein System von Kanälen, und zwei Hydraulikflüssigkeitszylindern und -separatoren fließt, die senkrecht am Gehäuse angebracht sind, wobei die Zylinder parallel zueinander sind, wobei die Kanäle mit einem Druckeinstellelement versehen sind, das so angeordnet ist, dass es einen verengten Bereich des Kanalsystems definiert, wobei das Druckeinstellelement zur Regulierung der von dem hydraulischen System erzeugten Abstoßungskraft verwendet wird;
• - zwei gegenüberliegende hydraulische Übertragungszahnräder, die mit der Kolbenstange verbunden sind, und ein Hauptübertragungszahnrad, das mit dem Hydraulikzylinder verbunden ist, wobei das Hauptübertragungszahnrad, wenn sich der Zylinder dreht, die hydraulischen Übertragungszahnräder dreht, wodurch ein Fluss der Flüssigkeit in dem hydraulischen System erzeugt wird,
• - einen Einstellmechanismus zum Einstellen der Größe der Abstoßungskraft, wobei der Einstellmechanismus in seinem Inneren einen Kanal umfasst, der eine steife Stange aufnimmt, die so angeordnet ist, dass sie auf eine Feder drückt, um die durch das hydraulische System erzeugte Abstoßungskraft zu erhöhen oder zu verringern, indem die Kraft beeinflusst wird, die benötigt wird, um die Hydraulikflüssigkeit durch das System zu bewegen,
• - einen hydraulischen Drucksensor der in geeigneter Weise am Gehäuse des hydraulischen Systems angebracht ist, und der es ermöglicht, quantitative Angaben über den Druck im hydraulischen System zu liefern.

The hydraulic system that provides a repulsive force and measures the pressure generated in the hydraulic system preferably includes:

• - two hydraulic fluid cylinders, each with a threaded piston rod and a piston connected to hydraulic fluid separators, said cylinders being connected to a housing,
• - the housing in which:
  • o a hydraulic fluid flows through a system of channels, and two hydraulic fluid cylinders and separators mounted vertically on the housing, the cylinders being parallel to each other, the channels being provided with a pressure adjusting element arranged to form a narrowed area of the channel system, wherein the pressure adjustment element is used to regulate the repulsive force generated by the hydraulic system;
• - two opposing hydraulic transmission gears connected to the piston rod and a main transmission gear connected to the hydraulic cylinder, the main transmission gear, as the cylinder rotates, rotates the hydraulic transmission gears, thereby producing a flow of fluid in the hydraulic system ,
• - an adjusting mechanism for adjusting the magnitude of the repulsive force, the adjusting mechanism comprising in its interior a channel receiving a rigid rod arranged to press a spring to increase or decrease the repulsive force generated by the hydraulic system reduce by affecting the force needed to move the hydraulic fluid through the system,
• - a hydraulic pressure sensor which is suitably attached to the housing of the hydraulic system and which makes it possible to provide quantitative information about the pressure in the hydraulic system.

The hydraulic system described can generate a horizontal resistance of up to 50 kg, with the resistance value being measured with the pressure sensor and/or at least estimated based on the theoretical equation.

• - ein Metallgehäuse, in dem ein Zylinder zum Auf- und Abwickeln eines Seils, vorzugsweise eines Stahlseils oder eines Kletterseils, bereitgestellt ist, wobei das Seil in jeder bekannten Weise an der die Vorrichtung benutzenden Person befestigt werden kann,
• - einen stationären Träger der aus zwei horizontalen Teleskopmetallstangen besteht, auf die das Metallgehäuse aufgesetzt wird, wobei die horizontalen Metallstangen auf jeder Seite mit einer vorderen vertikalen Metallstange verbunden sind (und so die Beine der Vorrichtung bilden), die ganz am Ende mit einem Paar Rädern versehen sind,
• - ein Befestigungsmodul, das zur Fixierung an verschiedenen Testfeldern verwendet wird, wobei die Befestigungsplattform an zwei der hinteren vertikalen Metallstangen des stationären Trägers unter Verwendung von Scharnieren oder ähnlichen Elementen befestigt ist;
• - einen Elektromotor zur Erzeugung von Antriebskraft in einer unbelasteten Fortbewegung, wobei der Elektromotor an einer Seite des Metallgehäuses angebracht ist;
• - eine Gewindespindel, die über einen Riementrieb mit einer Seilzylinderspindel und weiter mit einer Elektromotorspindel verbunden ist;
• - eine Seilführungsbaugruppe (Lerchenspindel), wobei zwei Riemenscheiben auf den Metallmodulen angeordnet sind, die an der Trapezgewindemutter befestigt sind, die an der Gewindespindel befestigt ist, wobei die Hauptfunktion einer Lerchenspindel darin besteht, die Reibung beim Austritt des Stahlseils aus der Vorrichtung zu verringern;
• - einen Drehgebersensor, der senkrecht zum seitlichen Metallgehäuseblock am Ende der Gewindespindel befestigt ist, um die Drehung des Seilzylinders aufgrund des Abwickelns des Stahlseils zu erfassen,
• - einen Verstärker, der an dem seitlichen Metallgehäuse befestigt und direkt mit einer elektronischen Vorrichtung und mit den Sensoren verbunden ist, um die Signale des Drucksensors und des Drehgebers zu erfassen, wobei die Daten mit einer Frequenz von 1000 Hz erfasst und die Signale an das elektronische Gerät übertragen werden, vorzugsweise über Kabel oder Bluetooth.

The device for measuring force and speed (ie the relationship between force, speed and power) during locomotion includes the hydraulic system described above and further includes the following components:

• - a metal housing in which a cylinder is provided for winding and unwinding a rope, preferably a steel rope or a climbing rope, the rope being able to be attached to the person using the device in any known manner,
• - a stationary support consisting of two horizontal telescopic metal rods on which the metal housing is placed, the horizontal metal rods being connected on each side to a front vertical metal rod (thus forming the legs of the device), which at the very end is connected to a pair of wheels are provided,
• - a fixing module used for fixing to various test fields, the fixing platform being fixed to two of the rear vertical metal bars of the stationary support using hinges or similar elements;
• - an electric motor for generating driving force in an unloaded locomotion, the electric motor being attached to one side of the metal housing;
• - a threaded spindle, which is connected via a belt drive to a cable cylinder spindle and further to an electric motor spindle;
• - a cable guide assembly (lark spindle), where two pulleys are arranged on the metal modules, which are attached to the trapezoidal screw nut, which is fixed to the threaded screw, the main function of a lark screw being to reduce the friction when the steel cable exits the device;
• - a rotary encoder sensor mounted perpendicular to the side metal housing block at the end of the threaded spindle to detect the rotation of the rope cylinder due to the unwinding of the steel rope,
• - an amplifier fixed to the side metal casing and connected directly to an electronic device and to the sensors to acquire the signals from the pressure sensor and the rotary encoder, acquiring the data at a frequency of 1000 Hz and sending the signals to the electronic device, preferably via cable or Bluetooth.

The position of the steel cable is measured by a rotary encoder (rotation sensor) mounted on the axis of the cable cylinder.

• - bei einer Leichtathletikbahn umfassen die Befestigungsmittel eine Befestigungsplattform mit einer an der Unterseite der Plattform angebrachten Spike-Beschichtung, und ein an der Oberseite der Plattform angeordnetes System von Gewichten, wobei die Spikes zur Gewährleistung der Reibung zwischen der Vorrichtung und der Leichtathletikbahn vorgesehen sind;
• - für eine Sprossenwand oder einen Zaun muss die Befestigungsplattform vertikal mit den hinteren vertikalen Metallstangen unter Verwendung des oben erwähnten Scharniers ausgerichtet werden, wobei die Befestigungsmittel ein kurzes lineares Führungsgehäuse umfassen, das an der Seite der hinteren vertikalen Metallstangen angebracht ist, und ein langes lineares Führungsgehäuse, das an der Seite der Befestigungsplattform angebracht ist, sowie vier Klammern, die in vertikaler Richtung manipuliert werden können, um die Sprossen zu umgreifen;
• - für einen Beckenrand bestehen die Befestigungsmittel aus teleskopischen horizontalen Metallstangen, einer Spannschraube zur Auswahl der Länge der horizontalen Metallstangen, vorderen vertikalen Metallstangen und hinteren vertikalen Metallstangen, wobei die Innen- und Unterseite der Stangen mit einem Gummibelag versehen sind.

The fastening means can be arranged so that they enable attachment to a sports track, a wall or a fence or a pool edge. These three different embodiments of the fasteners can be constructed as follows:

• - in the case of an athletics track, the fastening means comprise a fastening platform with a spike coating attached to the underside of the platform, and a system of weights arranged on the top of the platform, the spikes being intended to ensure friction between the device and the athletics track;
• - for a wall bar or fence, the fixing platform must be aligned vertically with the rear vertical metal bars using the above-mentioned hinge, the fixing means comprising a short linear guide housing attached to the side of the rear vertical metal bars and a long linear guide housing , which is attached to the side of the mounting platform, as well as four brackets that can be manipulated vertically to grip the rungs;
• - for a pool edge, the fasteners consist of telescopic horizontal metal rods, a tension screw for selecting the length of the horizontal metal rods, front vertical metal rods and rear vertical metal rods, the inside and bottom of the rods being provided with a rubber coating.

The steel cable is wrapped around the cable cylinder and continues to run through the lark spindle attached to the threaded spindle. At the end, the steel cable is attached to an adjustable belt that is put on an athlete or a person who is training and/or taking measurements. As a person moves, the change in length of the steel cable over time determines the possible speed and acceleration of linear movement. A lark spindle consists of a system of two bearing rollers through which the rope runs. The rollers are arranged to minimize friction on the steel cable and enable smooth unwinding. When the steel rope is pulled, the rope cylinder rotates synchronously with the lead screw due to the rotation transmission of the belt drive mechanism. By rotating the threaded spindle, the lark spindle is moved in the unwinding direction of the steel cable so that the cables are not covered when unwinding. The rotation of the cable cylinder rotates a hydraulic gearbox, which moves the hydraulic fluid through the hydraulic system, in which the amount of repulsive force is regulated by tightening or loosening the rigid rod, which creates a preload on a spring. This spring preload must be exceeded to maintain fluid flow. Through this mechanism, the force required to move the fluid is manipulated and the level of repulsive force acting on the athlete can be adjusted.

Sensors are used to obtain quantitative information about the pressure in the hydraulic system and the position of the steel cable. The rotation of the cable cylinder is detected indirectly by a suitable sensor, e.g. an electromagnetic or comparable other type of sensor, a so-called rotary encoder, which is attached at the end perpendicular to the intersection of the axis of the threaded spindle. The pressure in the hydraulic system is measured directly by the hydraulic pressure sensor. Due to the relationship between pressure and force in the hydraulic systems, the amount of repulsive force acting on the moving athlete can be measured precisely and accurately. An amplifier collects the signals from the pressure sensor and the encoder, collecting the data at 1000 Hz and transmitting the signals to the electronic device, preferably via cable or Bluetooth. So that the data collected by the two sensors can be used for further analysis, they work synchronously. With raw data connections it is possible to synchronize different signals from different types of devices.

1. 1. Bei überbelastetem (abstoßenden) Zustand:
   • - Das Stahlseil ist am Sportler befestigt, vorzugsweise unter Verwendung eines Gurtes,
   • - sobald der Sportler sich zu bewegen beginnt (z. B. Laufen oder Schwimmen), wird eine bestimmte, voreingestellte Abstoßungskraft entgegen der Bewegungsrichtung aufgebracht;
   • - Sensoren erfassen die Drehung des Seilzylinders und den Druck im hydraulischen System,
   • - Geschwindigkeit und Größe der Kraft werden synchron mit einer Frequenz von 1000 Hz vom Anfang bis zum Ende jeder Bewegung gemessen;
   • - Daten von den Sensoren werden an die elektronischen Elemente gesendet, gegebenenfalls an einen Computer, Tablet oder Smartphone, wo die Daten verarbeitet, analysiert und dem Trainer oder Sportler als Feedback präsentiert werden;
   • - nach Beendigung der Bewegung kehrt der Sportler zur Grundlinie zurück und der Elektromotor wird zum Aufwickeln des Seils auf den Seilzylinder verwendet.
2. 2. Im unbelasteten (Antriebs-) Zustand wird das Verfahren wie folgt durchgeführt:
   • - Das Stahlseil wird an der Vorderseite des einstellbaren Gurtes angebracht;
   • - wenn sich der Sportler in Bewegung setzt, wird ein voreingestellter Antrieb in Bewegungsrichtung durch den Elektromotor erzeugt, der das Stahlseil auf den Seilzylinder aufwickelt;
   • - Sensoren erfassen die Drehung des Seilzylinders,
   • - Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit und Größe der Antriebskraft werden synchron mit einer Frequenz von 1000 Hz von Anfang bis Ende jeder Bewegung gemessen;
   • - Die Daten von den Sensoren werden an die elektronischen Elemente gesendet, gegebenenfalls an einen Computer, Tablet oder Smartphone, wo die Daten verarbeitet, analysiert und dem Trainer oder Sportler als Feedback präsentiert werden;
   • - Nach Beendigung der Bewegung kehrt der Sportler zur Grundlinie zurück indem er das Seil abwickelt.

A procedure for measuring the relationship between force, speed and power during locomotion in the unloaded and overloaded states can be carried out as follows:

1. 1. In overloaded (repulsive) condition:
   • - The steel cable is attached to the athlete, preferably using a strap,
   • - as soon as the athlete begins to move (e.g. running or swimming), a certain, preset repulsive force is applied against the direction of movement;
   • - Sensors record the rotation of the rope cylinder and the pressure in the hydraulic system,
   • - Speed and magnitude of force are measured synchronously at a frequency of 1000 Hz from the beginning to the end of each movement;
   • - Data from the sensors is sent to the electronic elements, possibly a computer, tablet or smartphone, where the data is processed, analyzed and presented to the coach or athlete as feedback;
   • - after completing the movement, the athlete returns to the baseline and the electric motor is used to wind the rope onto the rope cylinder.
2. 2. In the unloaded (drive) state, the procedure is carried out as follows:
   • - The steel cable is attached to the front of the adjustable strap;
   • - when the athlete starts moving, a preset drive in the direction of movement is generated by the electric motor, which winds the steel cable onto the cable cylinder;
   • - Sensors record the rotation of the cable cylinder,
   • - Movement speed and driving force magnitude are measured synchronously at a frequency of 1000 Hz from the beginning to the end of each movement;
   • - The data from the sensors is sent to the electronic elements, possibly a computer, tablet or smartphone, where the data is processed, analyzed and presented to the coach or athlete as feedback;
   • - After completing the movement, the athlete returns to the baseline by unwinding the rope.

The device primarily measures the pressure in the piston of the hydraulic system and the change in cable length over time. There is a direct linear relationship between the pressure in the piston and the force, so that the force can be determined, while the change in the length of the rope over time allows the speed to be calculated. Second, force and velocity can be measured in time, with the product of force and velocity equaling power. Finally, the device allows the determination of quantities such as Pmax, v0 and F0 according to known calculations.

The measurement or training protocol can be created as needed. To measure the F-v-P ratio in linear locomotion, 3 to 5 repetitions of a movement are usually performed at the desired distance and load. The average of all repetitions or the best repetitions can be further used as a basis for calculating the F-v profile sizes. By tightening or loosening a brake force adjustment mechanism, the load can be precisely adjusted.

The invention enables valid and reliable application of force and helps plan exercises. Its simple construction and relatively small shape increase the user-friendliness of the device. It is portable and allows on-site measurements using a technical solution for performance assessment procedures and exercises. This means that strenuous swimming, running or skating exercises and precise F-v profile measurements can be carried out under various conditions.

• 1 eine Vorrichtung zur Messung des Verhältnisses von Kraft, Geschwindigkeit und Leistung während der Fortbewegung im unbelasteten und überbelasteten Zustand.
• 2 Die Vorrichtung (1) der 1 mit zugehörigen Softwareanschlüssen (2).
• 3 Ein System von Hydraulikzylindern, das den mechanischen Hauptteil - Messungsteil der Vorrichtung der 1 darstellt, und dessen Innenstruktur, dargestellt als Querschnitt auf der ersten und zweiten Ebene. Die gestrichelte Linie zeigt den Durchfluss der Hydraulikflüssigkeit an.
• 4a und 4b Die Verringerung der Reibung durch eine Lerchenspindel, wenn ein Stahlseil nicht genau in horizontaler Richtung gezogen wird.
• 5 und 6 Die Vorrichtung der 1, die zur Messung von Sprints mithilfe einer Sprossenwand verwendet wird.
• 7 und 8 Die Verwendung der Vorrichtung der 1 zur Messung von Sprints unter Abstoßungs- oder Antriebsbedingungen durch Befestigung auf der Laufbahnoberfläche, auf Kunstrasen oder auf einer beliebigen anderen ebenen Fläche.
• 9 und 10 Die Verwendung der Vorrichtung der 1 für die Messung beim Schwimmen unter Abstoßungs- oder Antriebsbedingungen unter Verwendung eines Befestigungssystems für einen Beckenrand.
• 11 Ein Beispiel für den zeitlichen Verlauf von Kraft und Geschwindigkeit.
• 12 Ein Beispiel für das Verhältnis zwischen Kraft, Geschwindigkeit und Leistung.
• 13 Ein Beispiel für das Verhältnis zwischen Last und Geschwindigkeit.
• 14 Einen Signalverarbeitungspfad.
• 15 Eine Graphische Darstellung der Funktionen der Vorrichtung aus 1.

The device for measuring the relationship between force, speed and power during locomotion in the unloaded and overloaded state is described in more detail using exemplary embodiments and with reference to the figures. Show it:

• 1 a device for measuring the relationship between force, speed and power during locomotion in the unloaded and overloaded state.
• 2 The device (1) of 1 with associated software connections (2).
• 3 A system of hydraulic cylinders, which is the main mechanical part - measuring part of the device 1 represents, and its internal structure, shown as a cross section on the first and second levels. The dashed line indicates the flow of hydraulic fluid.
• 4a and 4b The reduction of friction caused by a lark spindle when a steel cable is not pulled exactly in a horizontal direction.
• 5 and 6 The device of 1 , which is used to measure sprints using a wall bar.
• 7 and 8th The use of the device 1 for measuring sprints Repulsion or propulsion conditions by mounting on the track surface, artificial turf or any other flat surface.
• 9 and 10 The use of the device 1 for measurement while swimming under repulsive or propulsive conditions using a pool edge attachment system.
• 11 An example of the progression of force and speed over time.
• 12 An example of the relationship between strength, speed and power.
• 13 An example of the relationship between load and speed.
• 14 A signal processing path.
• 15 A graphical representation of the functions of the device 1 .

• - einen Elektromotor 8 zur Erzeugung der Antriebskraft, die für die Messungen bei unbelasteter Fortbewegung benötigt wird, wobei der Elektromotor 8 an einem Metallgehäuse 9 angebracht ist,
• - ein Stahlseil 7 (die übliche Länge ist 40 m), das um einen Seilzylinder 6 mit konstantem Radius gewickelt ist,
• - eine Gewindespindel 5, die über einen Riemenantrieb mit der Seilzylinderspindel 21 und weiter mit einer Elektromotorspindel 22 verbunden ist,
• - eine an der Gewindespindel 5 befestigte Lerchenspindel 4, die es ermöglicht, das Stahlseil 7 reibungsarm und in gerader Richtung abzuwickeln,
• - ein Drehgebersensor 3, der senkrecht zum Ende der Gewindespindel 5 befestigten ist,
• - einen Hydraulikdrucksensor 2, der an einem hydraulischen System 1 befestigt ist,
• - einen Verstärker 23, der an der Innenseite eines Metallgehäuses 9 befestigt und direkt mit den elektronischen Geräten 24 und den Sensoren verbunden ist,
• - ein stationäres Gehäuse der Vorrichtung, umfassend:
  • o zwei seitliche Metallgehäuseblöcke 9, die an einem einzigen unterseitigen Metallblock 20 befestigt sind, der durch eine Konstruktion von zwei horizontalen Teleskopmetallstangen 10, 11 getragen wird
• - verschiedene Befestigungsmodule zur Befestigung an:
  • o einer Leichtathletikbahn, bestehend aus einer verstellbaren Befestigungsplatte 14, die an den hinteren vertikalen Metallstangen 15 durch zwei Scharniere 17, Spikes 41 und ein System von Gewichten 40 befestigt ist;
  • o einer Sprossenwand oder einem Zaun, bestehend aus einer kürzeren 38 und einer längeren linearen Führung 39, die an den hinteren vertikalen Metallstangen 15 bzw. den beiden Enden der Befestigungsplatte 14 angebracht sind. Es werden vier Klammern 16 verwendet, die die Sprossen umgreifen;
  • o einem Beckenrand, bestehend aus einem Gummibelag 18, der an der Innen- und der Unterseite der hinteren 15 und vorderen 12 vertikalen Metallstangen und der horizontalen Metallstange mit größerem Durchmesser 10 angebracht ist, und einer Spannschraube 19, mit der die horizontalen Teleskopmetallstangen 10, 11 auf eine gewünschte Länge eingestellt werden können.

As in 1 and 2 shown, the device for measuring force and speed during locomotion includes the following components:

• - an electric motor 8 for generating the driving force required for the measurements during unloaded locomotion, the electric motor 8 being attached to a metal housing 9,
• - a steel cable 7 (the usual length is 40 m), which is wound around a cable cylinder 6 with a constant radius,
• - a threaded spindle 5, which is connected via a belt drive to the cable cylinder spindle 21 and further to an electric motor spindle 22,
• - a lark spindle 4 attached to the threaded spindle 5, which enables the steel cable 7 to be unwound with little friction and in a straight direction,
• - a rotary encoder sensor 3, which is attached perpendicular to the end of the threaded spindle 5,
• - a hydraulic pressure sensor 2, which is attached to a hydraulic system 1,
• - an amplifier 23, which is attached to the inside of a metal housing 9 and is connected directly to the electronic devices 24 and the sensors,
• - a stationary housing of the device, comprising:
  • o two side metal housing blocks 9 attached to a single bottom metal block 20 supported by a structure of two horizontal telescopic metal rods 10, 11
• - various fastening modules for fastening to:
  • o an athletics track consisting of an adjustable mounting plate 14 attached to the rear vertical metal bars 15 by two hinges 17, spikes 41 and a system of weights 40;
  • o a wall bars or fence consisting of a shorter 38 and a longer linear guide 39 attached to the rear vertical metal bars 15 and the two ends of the mounting plate 14, respectively. Four brackets 16 are used that grip the rungs;
  • o a pool edge, consisting of a rubber pad 18, which is attached to the inside and the underside of the rear 15 and front 12 vertical metal rods and the horizontal metal rod with a larger diameter 10, and a tension screw 19 with which the horizontal telescopic metal rods 10, 11 can be adjusted to a desired length.

• - einen Einstellmechanismus zur Einstellung der Größe der Abstoßungskraft, der zwei steife Stangen 34, 35, eine Feder 37 und einen Flüssigkeitsdruckregler 25 umfasst,
• - zwei Hydraulikflüssigkeitsseparatoren 26 und Hydraulikflüssigkeitszylinder 29, in denen eine Gewindekolbenstange 30 und ein Kolben 31 verbunden sind,
• - ein Hydraulikflüssigkeits-Kanalsystem, durch das die Hydraulikflüssigkeit in zwei Ebenen strömen kann (gepunktete Linie), wobei das Kanalsystem Folgendes umfasst:
  • o einen U-förmigen Hydraulikflüssigkeitskanal, der über Separatoren 26 mit den Zylindern 29 verbunden ist,
  • o einen Druckausgleichsmechanismus 36 mit Gehäuse 27;
  • o einen Flüssigkeitsrücklaufkanal 28;
• - zwei hydraulische Übertragungsgetriebe 32,
• - und ein mit dem Seilzylinder verbundenes Hauptübertragungsgetriebe 33.

This in 3 Hydraulic system shown includes:

• - an adjustment mechanism for adjusting the magnitude of the repulsive force, comprising two rigid rods 34, 35, a spring 37 and a fluid pressure regulator 25,
• - two hydraulic fluid separators 26 and hydraulic fluid cylinders 29, in which a threaded piston rod 30 and a piston 31 are connected,
• - a hydraulic fluid channel system through which the hydraulic fluid can flow in two planes (dotted line), the channel system comprising:
  • o a U-shaped hydraulic fluid channel which is connected to the cylinders 29 via separators 26,
  • o a pressure compensation mechanism 36 with housing 27;
  • o a liquid return channel 28;
• - two hydraulic transmission gears 32,
• - and a main transmission gear 33 connected to the cable cylinder.

A lark spindle 4, as seen in the 4a and 4b is shown, enables smooth unwinding and unrolling of the steel cable in the desired direction. If the steel cable is off The horizontal line is drawn, the friction through the system is reduced. It consists of a trapezoidal threaded nut 4a, two vertical nut metal plates 4b and two bearing rollers 4c, between which a steel cable 7 is passed.

The degree of assistance (i.e. driving force) during locomotion is regulated by the electric motor 8, which rotates the cable cylinder spindle 21 and generates driving force via a drive belt mechanism. Its secondary function is to wind a steel cable 6 onto the cable cylinder 6 when the forward movement has ended.

The rotary encoder and the hydraulic pressure sensor serve to obtain quantitative information about the pressure in the hydraulic system 1 and the position (length) of the steel cable 7. These measurement data are used to objectively assess the desired biomechanics of locomotion. The rotation of the cable cylinder 6 is determined indirectly by a sensor, i.e. H. an electromagnetic or comparable other sensor, which is referred to as a rotary encoder 3, which is attached at the end perpendicular to the intersection of the axis of the threaded spindle 5. The pressure in the hydraulic system 1 is measured directly by the hydraulic pressure sensor 2. Due to the relationship between pressure and force in the hydraulic systems, the amount of repulsive force acting on the moving athlete can be measured precisely and accurately.

An amplifier 23 collects the signals from the pressure sensor and the rotary encoder, collecting the data at 1000 Hz and transmitting the signals to an electronic device 24, preferably via cable or Bluetooth. So that the data collected by the two sensors can be used for further analysis, they work synchronously. With raw data connections it is possible to synchronize different signals from different types of devices. The raw data on pressure and position in time received from the sensors are further processed to calculate force and speed in time from the smoothed data, as in the 11 shown. Besides, this is in 12 The ratio of force, speed and power shown is calculated for a specific movement under the desired load or relief. If the data is obtained from at least two different loading conditions, the relationship between load and speed becomes as in 13 presented, calculated and helps to define an optimal load for the exercise during the desired locomotion.

The fasteners increase the usability of the device in different environments, such as swimming pools, athletics tracks, artificial turf, etc. In addition, the usability of the measurements on site is increased by providing technical solutions in the form of various mounting options for the device shown in the figures. Firstly, the device can be simply screwed onto the edge of the pool, as in the 9 and 10 shown, can be used for measurements or training while swimming. The device is placed on the edge and secured by a clamping screw 19. Secondly, the device can be attached to a wall bar or fence in the gym or stadium using a set of brackets 16 ( 5 ). The clamps can be adjusted vertically using the linear guides 38, 39. After setting the desired distance, the clamps are screwed so that the grippers grip the rod and fix the device. Finally they show 7 and 8th the mounting plate 14 with spikes 41 and the weight system 40 for using the device on athletics tracks, on ice, artificial turf or other soft surfaces.

Appropriate fastener design is necessary for two main reasons. First, the device must meet the highest metrological and methodological standards to justify its use for scientific research purposes. On the other hand, the attachment must enable force to be applied in the desired direction so that contrast training can be carried out. Therefore, any suitable strap that includes the strap attachment module 42 is suitable for use. The main purpose of this module is to ensure a stable and adjustable fixation that allows correct application of force. To maintain comfort during locomotion, durable and lightweight materials are used with a minimalist design so that the biomechanics of locomotion are not compromised. To improve transportability of the device, a handle located on the mounting plate 14 and wheels 13 on the front vertical metal bars 12 are used to transport the device from one place to another.

14 shows as possible outputs of the device with reference to the 11 , 12 and 13 described parameters (numbers 2, 3, 4), which are determined based on the measurement of position and pressure (number 1).

15 shows a graphical representation of the device workflow. An athlete puts the belt around his/her waist, indirectly causing him/her to is connected to the rope of the device and the corresponding function (propulsion/repulsion) is selected. The electric motor controls the propulsion, while the hydraulic system controls the repulsive force acting on the threaded spindle. The central processing unit follows the athlete's position (via the rope) and the pressure over time (pressure sensor in the hydraulic system). Thus, force, power and speed in time as well as their mutual relationship can be determined, which can be displayed on a suitable display of the device.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• US 2010/0093493 A1 [0007]
• US 2014/0323270 A1 [0007]
• US 5813945 A [0008]
• US 6454679 B1 [0008]

Claims (13)

Device for measuring the relationship between force, speed and power during locomotion in the unloaded and overloaded states, characterized in that it comprises a hydraulic system arranged to provide a resistance (overload) for an athlete in motion using the Device generated. Device according to Claim 1 , wherein the resistance value within the hydraulic system is measured with an integrated pressure sensor arranged to indirectly measure the repulsive and propulsive force between the device and the athlete. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hydraulic system comprises - two hydraulic fluid cylinders (29), each with a threaded piston rod (31) and a piston (30) connected to hydraulic fluid separators (26), said cylinders being connected to a housing , - a housing in which a hydraulic fluid flows through a system of channels and said hydraulic fluid cylinders (29) and separators (26), the channels being provided with pressure adjusting elements (25, 34, 35, 37) so arranged , that they define a narrowed area of the channel system, where the pressure adjusting element (25) is used to regulate the repulsive force generated by the hydraulic system - two opposing hydraulic transmission gears (32) connected to the piston rod (31), and a main transmission gear ( 33) connected to the cable cylinder (6), the main transmission gear (33), as the cylinder rotates, rotates the hydraulic transmission gears (32), thereby creating a flow of fluid in the hydraulic system, - an adjustment mechanism for Adjusting the magnitude of the repulsive force, the adjusting mechanism comprising within its interior a channel receiving a rigid rod (34) arranged to press a spring (37) to increase the repulsive force generated by the hydraulic system or to reduce by influencing the force required to move the hydraulic fluid through the system, - a hydraulic pressure sensor (2), suitably attached to the housing of the hydraulic system and which allows quantitative information about the To provide pressure in the hydraulic system. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device further comprises: - a metal housing (9, 20) in which a cylinder for winding and unwinding a rope, preferably a steel rope (7) or a climbing rope, is provided, wherein the rope can be attached in any known manner to the person using the device, - a stationary support consisting of two horizontal telescopic metal rods (10, 11) on which the metal housing is placed, the horizontal metal rods having one on each side front vertical (12) metal rod, thus forming the legs of the device, which are provided at the very end with a pair of wheels (13), - a fastening module used for fixing to various test fields, the fastening platform (14) attached to two of the rear vertical metal bars of the stationary support using hinges or similar elements; - an electric motor (8) for generating driving force in an unloaded locomotion, the electric motor being attached to one side of the metal housing (9); - a threaded spindle (5), which is connected via a belt drive to a cable cylinder spindle (21) and further to an electric motor spindle (22); - a cable guide assembly (lark spindle) (4), where two pulleys are arranged on the metal modules, which are attached to the trapezoidal screw nut which is fixed to the threaded screw, the main function of a lark screw being to provide friction when the steel cable exits the device reduce; - a rotary encoder sensor (3) attached perpendicular to the side metal housing block at the end of the threaded spindle to detect the rotation of the cable cylinder due to the unwinding of the steel cable, - an amplifier (23) attached to the side metal housing and directly connected to an electronic Device (24) and the sensors (2, 3) is connected to record the signals from the pressure sensor and the rotary encoder, the data being recorded at 1000 Hz and the signals being transmitted to the electronic device, preferably via cable or Bluetooth. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fastening module: - is provided on an athletics track and consists of an adjustable fastening plate (14) which is attached to the rear vertical metal bars (15) by two hinges (17), spikes (41) and a system of weights (40) is attached; or - is intended for vertical attachment to wall bars or a fence and has a shorter (38) and a longer linear guide (39) attached to the rear vertical metal bars (15) and to the two ends of the mounting plate (14), respectively, using four brackets (16) which grip the rungs; or - intended for the edge of the pool, with a rubber pad (18) attached to the inside and bottom of the rear (15) and front (12) vertical metal rods and the larger diameter horizontal metal rod (10), a tension screw (19), which is attached to fix a horizontal metal rod with a smaller cross section (11) to a desired length. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the generation of the driving force is ensured in any known manner, preferably with an electric motor. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fastening elements (42) ensure a stable and secure attachment of the steel cable to an athlete. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that - a mechanical module and a fastening module made of non-flexible material, such as. B. metallic materials, - a steel cable (7), which is preferably 40 m long, made of elastic materials such as steel or nylon, - the bearing tubes of the threaded spindle (21), the cable cylinder spindle (21) and the electric motor spindle (22 ) are preferably ball bearing and produce low friction, - an adjustable belt (42) made of durable and lightweight materials and designed to allow appropriate biomechanical movement and loading. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure sensors (2) and the rotary magnet sensor (3) are suitable for measuring the hydraulic pressure and the rotation, which are aligned so as to transmit the data to the corresponding amplifier (23). send, where the signals are converted from analog to digital and further transmitted to an electronic device (24), preferably via cable or a Bluetooth module. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the data from the pressure sensor (2) and from the rotary magnet sensor (3) are transmitted to an amplifier (23) and processed in an electronic device (24), the average force, average speed, average power, force at each step and force-velocity profile can be obtained. Method for measuring the relationship between force, speed and power during locomotion in the unloaded and overloaded states using the device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises the following steps: - when the athlete is correctly fixed, he begins, to perform the desired task in the desired direction - when the movement begins, the force and speed data from the sensors (2, 3) are sent to the electronic device (24) for processing and analysis - when the movement is completed, the athlete returns back to the starting position: o by unwinding the steel cable (7) manually if the drive conditions exist or o by winding the steel cable (7) with an electric motor (8) if repulsion conditions exist. Procedure according to Claim 11 , whereby the following steps are carried out in the overloaded (repulsive) condition: - the steel cable (7) is attached to the athlete, preferably using an adjustable belt (42), - as soon as the athlete starts moving, e.g. B. running or swimming, a certain predetermined repulsive force is generated in the direction opposite to the direction of movement; - Sensors (2, 3) detect the rotation of the cable cylinder 6 and the pressure in the hydraulic system (1), - Speed and magnitude of the force are measured synchronously with a frequency of 1000 Hz from the beginning to the end of each movement; - Data from the sensors (2, 3) are sent to the electronic elements (24), possibly to a computer, tablet or smartphone, where the data is processed, analyzed and presented to the coach or athlete as feedback; - after completing the movement, the athlete returns to the baseline and the electric motor (8) is used to wind the rope onto the rope cylinder. Procedure according to Claim 11 or 12 , whereby the following steps are carried out in the unloaded (drive) state: - The steel cable (7) is attached to the front of the adjustable belt (42); - when the athlete begins to move A preset drive is applied in the direction of movement by means of the electric motor (8), which winds the steel cable (7) onto the cable cylinder (6); - Sensors (3) detect the rotation of the rope cylinder (6), - Movement speed and magnitude of the driving force are measured synchronously at a frequency of 1000 Hz from the beginning to the end of each movement; - The data from the sensors is sent to the electronic elements, possibly a computer, tablet or smartphone, where the data is processed, analyzed and presented to the coach or athlete as feedback; - After completing the movement, the athlete returns to the baseline by unwinding the rope.

Images