DE102022000529A1 - Guidance of spinning projectiles by cyclic footprint deflection - Google Patents

Abstract

A projectile (6) contains a casing (10) which extends along a longitudinal axis (8) and has a twist (14) about the longitudinal axis (8) in the direction of flight (12), at least one footprint (16a-h) which is a pivot axis (18) is pivotably mounted relative to the casing (10), and an actuating unit (28) which is connected to at least one of the positioning surfaces (16a-h) via a linkage (30) and which controls the positioning surfaces (16a-h ) with regard to your respective current swivel angle (WS), and for each of the articulated shelves (16a-h) a twist-decoupled cyclic course (32) of the current swivel angle (WS) depending on a circumferential angle (WU) in the circumferential direction around the longitudinal axis ( 8), wherein the course (32) can be changed by the setting unit (28). An ammunition (2) contains the projectile (6).

Description

The invention relates to the guidance of spinning projectiles or corresponding ammunition with such projectiles. In flight, such a projectile has a spin about its longitudinal axis pointing in the direction of flight, and is therefore spin-stabilized.

From the EP 3 667 226 A1 discloses a control device for a projectile that can be fired from a gun barrel by means of a propellant charge, with at least one braking element, which has a smaller braking force for the projectile in a resting state and a greater braking force for the projectile in the opposite direction of flight when it is in a braking state, and with an activation module for the braking state when a braking criterion. A control device is assembled with a base body to form the projectile. In one method of operating the missile, the missile is launched and at least one braking element is placed in the braking state during flight. In one method of engaging a target, the missile is fired at the target at elevated elevation from a direct trajectory, the braking condition is activated, and the decelerated missile is deflected down onto the target. The well-known solution is suitable for both spin-stabilized and wing-stabilized projectiles.

The object of the invention is to propose improvements in relation to the guidance of spinning projectiles.

The object is solved by a projectile according to patent claim 1. The projectile contains a casing. The term “case” is to be understood here in the sense of a projectile body and includes not only the actual outer case of the projectile, but possibly also other structural parts inside or on the case that are connected to the case in a rotationally fixed or twist-proof manner, i.e. also have the twist Projectile, especially in the rear area. The casing extends along a longitudinal axis of the projectile. The casing or the entire projectile is set up to have a twist about the longitudinal axis in a flight direction during intended flight, ie to rotate about the longitudinal axis while twisting or with the twist. "Intended" is to be understood that the projectile as planned or intended - e.g. B. from a barrel weapon - is fired / launched and flies through the air as expected or according to plan. So the normal, trouble-free operation of the projectile is considered. After being fired/launched, the spinning projectile has a spin around its longitudinal axis pointing in the direction of flight, it therefore rotates around this longitudinal axis and is therefore spin-stabilized.

The floor contains at least one footprint. The or each of the shelves is pivotally mounted on the shell. Due to its - albeit pivotable - mounting on the shell, the footprint also has the same twist about the longitudinal axis as the shell. Each footprint has its own pivot axis associated with it. In particular, pivot axes can also run parallel to one another or coincide. In particular, however, all pivot axes are different from one another, i. H. are at best parallel to each other, otherwise they intersect or run crooked to each other. In particular, all pivot axes lie in the same plane, in particular transversely to the longitudinal axis. At any point in time, each of the placement areas has a respective current pivoting angle about the pivoting axis, ie relative to the shell.

The bullet contains an actuator. The setting unit is connected to at least one of the setting surfaces via a linkage. The actuating unit thus directs at least one of the shelves, i. H. Causes its rotation around the pivot axis (change of the current pivot angle) or keeps the shelf at a certain current pivot angle. In other words, the setting unit specifies the relevant current setting angle of the setting surface or sets it, changes it or records it. So there is an articulation or an articulation structure between the actuating unit and the footprint, e.g. B. in the form of a linkage, gear, train, etc.

The setting unit is set up to set a twist-decoupled cyclic course of the respective current setting angle in the circumferential direction as a function of a circumferential angle about the longitudinal axis for each of the setting surfaces articulated by it, with the course being changeable by the setting unit. The curve is therefore the (time) curve of the current value of the setting angle when the setting surface twists about the longitudinal axis, i.e. as a function of a current circumferential angle about the longitudinal axis at which the relevant setting surface is currently located.

In addition to its spin around the longitudinal axis or trajectory, the bullet also performs a purely translatory movement along the trajectory. The progression is therefore a constant shape that is spin-decoupled with respect to the trajectory of the projectile (in the direction of the longitudinal axis) and does not spin around the longitudinal axis. In other words, the shape of the profile—seen in the reference system of the shell—has a rotation in the opposite direction to the twist, ie a counter-twist or opposite twist corresponding in terms of amount to the twist. The change in course leads to a change / transformation of this form, which does not twist around the longitudinal axis. At any moment of the flow total of the projectile there is a configuration of shelves that corresponds to the course in a twist-resistant circumferential direction around the longitudinal axis, with the individual individuals of the shelves that follow this shape rotating in the circumferential direction - quasi through the course - cyclically rotate.

In the case of a twisting rotation of the positioning surface around the longitudinal axis, the positioning angles therefore run as a function of the angle of circumference. The course can be a constant course (unchanged, constant pivoting angle for all circumferential angles between 0° and 360° around the longitudinal axis) or a constantly changing course. "Cyclic" means that the angles of rotation are identical for the circumferential angles of 0° and 360°, jumps in the setting angles over the course are not possible. In particular, the curve can be continuously differentiated, so it also has no kinks.

However, the progression, ie the sequence of the angles of rotation in the circumferential direction, can be changed. That is, different curves of angles of rotation about the longitudinal axis can be set. In other words, a profile curve of the angle of rotation can be changed between 0° and 360° circumferential angle for each positioning surface articulated by the positioning unit.

In particular, the curves for two or more, in particular all, shelves are the same with regard to the curve and phase position about the longitudinal axis. During their rotation about the longitudinal axis with the twist, these positioning surfaces therefore have the same progression of pivot angles in phase (relative to the circumferential angle in the non-twisting coordinate system). The curve thus maps the setting angles of all articulated setting elements over the circumferential angle.

The course is in particular a constant (straight line) or a sinusoidal curve over the setting angle (possibly shifted and/or scaled to a zero value).

Depending on the pivot angle, a footprint exerts an aerodynamic force on the projectile as the projectile is in flight. The magnitude and direction of the force depend on the swivel angle. By synchronizing these effects of different shelves in the circumferential direction according to a non-twisting specification (course) in the circumferential direction around the bullet, the corresponding effects are always summed at the same circumferential position/circumferential angle. In this way, a conscious influencing/course correction of the trajectory of the projectile in a specific direction that is not subject to the spin can take place, despite rotating shelves. The projectile can be steered. By changing the course, the influence / course correction is variable and the projectile can be steered.

According to the invention, the projectile is not steered by the actuation of wings, as in a canard system, but by the deflection (pivoting movement) of the projectile—particularly circumferentially distributed—setting surfaces, particularly in the form of brake flaps. The result is simpler actuation compared to controlling multiple canards and a smaller integration volume, and it can easily be used with spinning projectiles. The integration of the supporting surfaces (brake flaps) on the projectile body - in particular distributed around the circumference - represents a significantly simplified solution compared to the complex canard system.

In a preferred embodiment, the projectile contains a control unit which has a controlling effect on the actuating unit. The control unit is set up to change the course depending on a desired course correction of the projectile by controlling/acting on the setting unit. For example, for a course correction in a direction transverse to the trajectory, the setting angles pointing in this direction are increased for rear-side setting surfaces, so that the setting surfaces swirling past this circumferential position pivot radially outwards. On the opposite side, the setting angles are reduced, so that the setting surfaces swirling past this opposite circumferential position pivot radially inward. Assuming footprints, the tail unit is attached to the rear of the projectile. As a result, the course and the cyclic alignment of the positioning surfaces corresponds approximately to the pivoting of a twin tail unit to the desired direction of the course change. By swinging out all distributed shelves radially, e.g. B. achieve a braking effect on the projectile. The yaw and pitch angles of the projectile can be influenced by swinging it out on one side and swinging it back in on both sides.

The control device receives the desired course correction, e.g. B. from within the projectile using a trajectory sensor / control and / or from outside, z. B. by receiving steering commands. This correction is commanded in particular by a sensor integrated in the projectile, which detects a guidance signal, e.g. B. Laser steering field.

In a preferred embodiment, the projectile has a plurality of at least or exactly two positioning surfaces distributed around the longitudinal axis over the circumference of the projectile. In particular, at least or exactly three or four or five or six or seven or eight or nine or ten or eleven or twelve parking spaces available. With a number of at least two parking spaces, an already differentiated steering of the ammunition can be distributed over the circumference, e.g. B. reach in yaw and pitch direction. By increasing the number of parking spaces, the steering can be made more precise / fine-tuned accordingly.

In a preferred embodiment, at least two, in particular several, in particular all of the positioning surfaces are connected to the positioning unit via the articulation, i. H. articulated by the actuator. The positioning unit can also contain a number of sub-positioning units, each of which articulates a certain number of positioning surfaces. A particularly good or complete control of the projectile can be achieved in this way.

In a preferred embodiment, the course is the same for all positioning surfaces articulated by the positioning unit. "Same" here means with regard to the shape of the course and phase/angle in the circumferential direction around the longitudinal axis. i.e. all shelves run through (out of phase in the circumferential direction about the longitudinal axis) the same course of their respective pivot angle. In this way, a kind of "band" of shelves is formed, with the band shape being constant and being traversed by all articulated shelves in the same cyclical phase-shifted manner. This leads to a particularly effective steering of the projectile. In addition to the storage areas articulated by the positioning unit, there may also be other storage areas on the floor. In particular, however, all shelves are articulated by the control unit.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one, in particular several or all, of the shelves on the shell is exclusively, d. H. mounted so that it can only pivot around the pivot axis. The pivoting movement about the pivot axis is therefore the only degree of freedom of the footprint with respect to the shell. This leads to a particularly simple articulation of the shelves.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one, in particular several or all, of the placement areas forms a rear end of the projectile with respect to the direction of flight. The projectile ends against the direction of flight with the shelves. In particular, the rest of the floor ends at that longitudinal position at which the shelves begin and the pivot axes sit. The shelves thus form part or all of the tail unit for the projectile, which is connected to the rest of the projectile at the rear.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one, in particular several or all, of the pivot axes runs transversely to the longitudinal axis. Positioning surfaces adjoining the swivel axis counter to the direction of flight therefore form rudder and/or elevator for the projectile, depending on the circumferential position at which they are currently located during spin and how they are currently deflected (pivot angle). In particular, all pivot axes lie in the same plane, in particular a transverse plane to the longitudinal axis. In particular, all pivot axes have the same perpendicular distance to the longitudinal axis.

In a preferred embodiment, at least one of the pivot axes is spaced at least 90% of the caliper radius from the longitudinal axis, i. H. the pivot axis is at a perpendicular distance from the longitudinal axis that is at least 90% of the caliber radius. In the radial direction, the pivot axes are located in the outer edge area of the projectile. This embodiment is particularly useful in combination with the above-mentioned embodiment of pivot axes running transversely to the longitudinal axis. This results in a placement area arrangement that is particularly suitable for guiding the projectile.

In a preferred embodiment, the actuating unit contains a torsionally decoupled carrier. The carrier thus moves in flight in a translatory, non-rotating manner, i.e. without spin, with the projectile along the trajectory. The setting unit then contains a course element that predetermines the course—like the carrier too—that is twist-decoupled. The position of the gradient element relative to the carrier is adjustable. The actuating unit contains an articulation element which is rotatably mounted relative to the carrier and twists with the sleeve, which means that it has the same twist as the sleeve. The articulation element is movement-coupled to the course element with regard to a change in position. A change in the position of the course element thus inevitably leads to a change in the position of the articulation element. The articulation element is in turn connected to the shelves via the steering. A change in the position of the articulation element leads to a change in the progression of the pivoting angle of the shelves. In other words, the articulation element maps the current position of the profile element to the profile of the pivoting angle of the articulated positioning surfaces.

The actuating unit also contains—like the carrier—twist-decoupled actuator arrangement. This is arranged in particular in a fixed manner relative to the carrier, in particular firmly on the carrier. The actuator arrangement is set up to set the position of the profile element relative to the carrier in a predetermined manner. In order to achieve the respective torsional decoupling between the sleeve and the carrier/course element/actuator, these are in particular rotating around the longitudinal axis stored inside the shell. For the operating case that the shell has a specific twist, the corresponding parts "twist" (rotate) with opposite or counter-twist relative to or within the shell. An action on the setting unit for course correction can thus be achieved as follows: The actuator arrangement is actuated in a predeterminable manner: A desired course of the swivel angle is then established via the above-mentioned movement coupling.

In this way, a corresponding setting of the course of the swivel angle on the projectile can be implemented in a technically simple manner,

In a preferred variant of this embodiment, the course element is formed by a first ring (thus decoupled from twisting) and the articulation element by a second ring (thus having the twist) of a swash plate. The two rings are kinetically coupled to each other by a rotating bearing with a single degree of freedom (sole rotation). Apart from the single degree of freedom, every change in position of the first ring results in an inevitable change in position of the second ring. The course element and the articulation element together form a swash plate. The rings are constructed in particular concentrically, with the first ring being located radially on the inside and the second ring being located radially on the outside. The setting of the course of the adjusting elements corresponds in principle to the setting of the angle of attack of rotor blades of a helicopter, in which case the axes of rotation of such rotor blades would run radially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, but the pivot axes would run transversely to the longitudinal axis, in particular tangentially to the circumferential direction of the longitudinal axis.

Thus, on the part of the invention, an established adjustment technique (swash plate) can be used for the shelves.

In a preferred variant of this embodiment, the carrier runs centrally in the shell along the longitudinal axis and the course element, in particular the swash plate, is concentrically axially displaceable and - with respect to an extension plane of the course element, z. B. the disk plane of the swash plate - tiltably mounted on the carrier. In particular, in a zero position, the extension plane is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis at a specific axial position and can be moved axially back and forth from this zero position and tilted in any direction against the longitudinal axis within specific angular limits. This also essentially corresponds to a standard procedure when controlling a helicopter rotor.

In a preferred variant of this embodiment, the actuator arrangement contains three actuators distributed uniformly around the carrier in the circumferential direction, the basic structures of which are fastened to the carrier and the movable output ends of which are fastened to the running element (eg with a ball joint to compensate for tilting). The actuators are in particular linear drives. This enables the running element to be mounted on the carrier in a particularly simple manner, namely by means of a sliding guide on the carrier. The axial mounting/guidance on the carrier is then accomplished simultaneously with a tilting relative to the carrier by the output ends. In this case, in particular, the course element/the swash plate is mounted in a freely movable manner on the carrier in an axially displaceable manner.

In a preferred embodiment, the projectile is a projectile of medium caliber ammunition (intermediate caliber ammunition). This has a caliber (“medium caliber”) in the range between 20mm and 57mm. With the invention, such ammunition or a correspondingly dimensioned projectile can be made steerable in a particularly simple manner.

The object of the invention is therefore also achieved by ammunition according to patent claim 15, which contains a projectile according to the invention.

The ammunition and at least some of its possible embodiments and the respective advantages have already been explained in connection with the projectile according to the invention.

The invention is based on the following findings, observations and considerations and also has the following embodiments. The embodiments are sometimes also referred to as “the invention” for the sake of simplicity. The embodiments can also contain parts or combinations of the above-mentioned embodiments or correspond to them and/or optionally also include embodiments that have not been mentioned before.

The invention is based on the desire to guide a projectile, in particular a medium-caliber ammunition.

The invention is based on the following observation: it is known from practice that the trajectory of projectiles can be modified by integrating canards in the projectile body. However, in order to be able to integrate the canards on the projectile, the projectile body must be sub-caliber, or the canards can only be folded out after leaving the gun barrel. The canards are actuated by servomotors. The Integration of such a system is complex, costly and requires a large integration volume.

The invention is based on the idea of directing spinning projectiles with the aid of shelves, in particular in the form of brake flaps.

The basic idea is to deflect shelves or brake flaps periodically (cyclically) - in particular via a swash plate - in order to correct the course of spinning projectiles. The deflection in succession with the spin of rotating shelves is then practically spin-decoupled.

According to the invention, in order to steer a spinning projectile, in particular over the circumference (with respect to the longitudinal axis), a plurality of positioning surfaces are distributed, which are connected to the projectile in an articulated manner (pivot axes). There is a twist/roll decoupled correction unit (adjustment unit) in the floor. This includes the necessary steering electronics (control unit), three actuators (actuators) and a swash plate consisting of a stationary (first ring) and a rotating part (second ring). The actuators/actuators in the form of linear actuators change the position of the swash plate, whereby the shelves rotating with the projectile are periodically actuated (development of the swivel angle). In the spatially fixed reference system (translational on the trajectory, without spin), this results in a constant deflection direction of the supporting surfaces, as a result of which aerodynamic forces act on the projectile, which lead to an adjustment of the projectile body (casing). This achieves the path correction in the specified direction (desired course correction).

• 1 eine Munition mit einem Geschoss im Längsschnitt,
• 2 verschiedene Verläufe der Schwenkwinkel von Stellflächen des Geschosses aus 1 bei einer Umdrehung des Geschosses um die Längsachse.
• 3a das Geschoss aus 1 während seines Fluges bei einer Kurskorrektur in Heckansicht,
• 3b im horizontalen Querschnitt von oben, und
• 3c im seitlichem Querschnitt von links,
• 3d das Geschoss gemäß 3a zu einem späteren Zeitpunkt.

Further features, effects and advantages of the invention result from the following description of a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention and the attached figures. Show, each in a schematic principle sketch:

• 1 an ammunition with a projectile in longitudinal section,
• 2 different curves of the pivoting angles from the footprints of the projectile 1 during one revolution of the projectile around the longitudinal axis.
• 3a the bullet out 1 during his flight during a course correction in rear view,
• 3b in horizontal cross-section from above, and
• 3c in lateral cross-section from left,
• 3d the bullet according to 3a at a later time.

1 shows an ammunition 2 with an ammunition body 4 (projectile case, ...) only indicated by dashed lines and a projectile 6. The ammunition 2 here has a medium caliber of 40 mm, ie it is a medium caliber ammunition. The ammunition 2 and the projectile 6 extend along a central longitudinal axis 8 . The projectile 6 has a casing 10 which also extends along the longitudinal axis 8 . If the ammunition is used as intended, the projectile 6 in the present case is fired from a barrel weapon (not shown). After being fired, it moves as intended on a flight in a flight direction 12 (represented by an arrow), with the longitudinal axis 8 coinciding with the flight direction 12 . When fired, the projectile 6 is given a twist 14 (indicated by an arrow) about the longitudinal axis 8 as intended, here seen in the direction of flight 12 in a clockwise direction. Among other things, the casing 10 carries out the corresponding twisting movement, ie it has the twist 14 .

In the example, floor 6 has eight shelves 16a-h (see e.g. 3a) of those in 1 for the sake of clarity, only the shelves 16a, e are shown. Each of the shelves 16a-h is mounted on the shell 10 via a pivot axis 18, so that the respective shelf 16a-h is mounted or pivotable relative to the shell 10 exclusively about the pivot axis 18. The shelves 16a-h are distributed here evenly over the circumference of the projectile 6 around the longitudinal axis 8 (offset by 45° each). The pivotability of the shelves 16a-h about the pivot axes 18 is their only degree of freedom for mobility relative to the shell 10, ie the shelves 16a-h are mounted on the shell 10 so that they can only pivot about the pivot axis 18.

Due to the bearing on the envelope 10, each of the positioning surfaces 16a-h also has the twist 14 about the longitudinal axis 8 in flight. Each of the placement areas 16a-h has a current pivoting angle WS about its respective pivoting axis 18 at any point in time. The swivel angle WS is defined as follows: A swivel angle of WS=0° corresponds to an alignment of the footprint 16a-h against the direction of flight 12 parallel to the longitudinal axis 8, in 1 symbolized by a dashed line. A radially inward pivoting of the positioning surfaces 16a-h corresponds to negative pivoting angles WS, and a radially outward pivoting to positive pivoting angles WS, what 1 indicated by the symbols "+" and "-".

All shelves 16a-h form - seen in the direction of flight 12 - a rear end 20 of the projectile 6. Together they form a rearward (opposite to the direction of flight 12) to the rest of the projectile 6 tail unit 22 for the projectile 6.

In the example, all pivot axes 18 run transversely to the longitudinal axis 8 in the same transverse plane 24 (in 1 indicated by dashed lines) to the longitudinal axis 8, have the same vertical distance A to the longitudinal axis 8 and each run tangentially to the circumferential direction around the longitudinal axis, i.e. to a circle 26 around the longitudinal axis 8 in the transverse plane 24 with a radius distance A (see 3a below). In the present case, the distance A is 95% of a caliber radius R of the projectile 6, here the casing 10.

The projectile 6 contains a positioning unit 28. The positioning unit 28 is set up to articulate all positioning surfaces 16a-h with regard to their respective current swivel angle WS, ie to set or define their respective current swivel angle WS. The corresponding articulation 30 is realized here by eight articulation linkages for each of the placement areas 16a-h, of which only two are symbolically indicated here. All positioning surfaces 16a-h are therefore connected to the setting unit 28 via the articulation 30 here.

The setting unit 28 is also set up as follows: it sets a cyclic course 32 of the pivoting angle WS in the circumferential direction about the longitudinal axis 8 for each of the setting surfaces 16a-h.

2 serves for further explanation of this situation: The course 32 is to be understood here in relation to a reference system moving purely translationally in the direction of flight 12 , which therefore does not spin with the projectile 6 , ie has no spin 14 . In this respect, the course 32 is a function of the pivoting angle WS over the circumferential angle WU around the longitudinal axis 8. The course 32 or a corresponding curve is therefore “twist-decoupled”. The course 32 can also be changed by the setting unit 28 . this is in 2 represented by the alternative courses 32' to 32'''.

3 explains the effects of course 32 on floor 6 as an example. 3a-c shows the projectile 6 flying in the flight direction 12 at a specific point in time. 3a shows the rear view of the projectile 6 (the direction of flight 12 points into the plane of the drawing), 3b a planar cross section through the projectile 6 from above, 3c a vertical cross-section of the projectile 6 from the left. The given directions refer to a real, exemplary flight situation over terrain. At the selected point in time, the projectile 6 is in a position with regard to its spin 14, for example, in which the footprint 16a is “up”, namely at the circumferential angle WU=0° around the longitudinal axis 8. The curve 32 of the swivel angle WS is set identically for all shelves 16a-h by the setting unit 28. With regard to the above-mentioned twist-decoupled reference system, the positioning surface 16a is therefore located at the circumferential angle WU=0° around the longitudinal axis 8. According to the curve, its current pivoting angle WS is WS=0°. The footprint 16b is at the circumferential angle WU=45°, which is why its pivoting angle WS=3° according to curve 32. The following circumferential angles and swivel angles therefore result for the remaining shelves 16c-h: 16c: WU=90°, WS=5° / 16d: WU=135°, WS=3° / 16e: WU=180°, WS=0° / 16f: WU=225°, WS= -3° / 16g: WU=270°, WS= -5° / 16h: WU=315°, WS= -3°.

Based on 3a-c it can be seen that the positioning surfaces 16a-h for the tail assembly 22 result in a desired course correction KK of the projectile 6 to the right, indicated by an arrow.

3d now shows the floor 6 at a later point in time, when this starting from 3a-c is rotated by 45° around the longitudinal axis 8 following its twist 14 . The footprint 16a is now at the circumferential angle WU=45° and therefore has a current swivel angle WS of WS=3° according to the still unchanged curve 32; the footprint 16b is at the circumferential angle WU=90° with the current swivel angle WS= 5°, etc. Due to the spin decoupling of the course 32, the course correction KK to the right, which is still the same, is therefore carried out with although different individuals of the shelves 16a-h—seen spin-decoupled—as before at the floor 6.

Setting an alternative course 32' leads to a different cyclic deflection of the positioning surfaces 16a-h depending on the circumferential angle WU. Thus (indicated by dashed lines) the course 32' in the situation in 3a to the fact that the shelf 16a with a swivel angle WS=-3°, the shelves 16b and 16h with a swivel angle WS=-2°, the shelf 16c and 16g with a swivel angle WS=0°, the shelves 16d and 16f with a swivel angle of 2° and the standing surface 16e can be articulated with a pivoting angle WS=3°. This results in a downward course correction KK' (dashed in 3a -cb indicated). However, the deflection of the shelves 16a-h is reduced, so the course correction KK' is smaller.

The setting of an alternative course 32 '' leads to another cyclic deflection of the shelves 16a-h depending on the Circumferential angle WU, namely a constant zero deflection WS=0° for all shelves 16a-h. A course correction KK'' is zero here, ie there is no result here.

The setting of an alternative course 32''' leads to yet another cyclic deflection of the shelves 16a-h depending on the circumferential angle WU, namely a constant deflection WS=10° for all shelves 16a-h, i. H. a constant radial outward spread. A course correction KK''' takes place here in the form of a deceleration of the projectile 6.

The curves 32 can be set as desired, provided this is within the scope of the technical possibilities of the control unit 28, as will be explained below.

• Die Stelleinheit enthält einen Träger 36, der vom Drall 14 entkoppelt ist. Im oben erläuterten Bezugssystem des Geschosses 6, das sich translatorisch in Flugrichtung 12 bewegt, ruht also der Träger 36. In Bezug auf die Hülle 10 rotiert der Träger 36 in dieser also mit dem negativen bzw. entgegengesetzten Drall 14, also mit einem betragsmäßig gleichen aber negativen „Gegen-Drall“. Dies wird vorliegend durch eine hier nur symbolisch durch ein Kugellager angedeutete Lagerung 38 des Träger 36 in der Hülle 10 erreicht, die eine freie Rotation des Träger 36 um die Längsachse 8 relativ zur Hülle 10 erlaubt.

To carry out a desired course correction KK, the projectile 6 contains a control unit 34, here in the form of electronics. This acts on the setting unit 28, whereupon the latter adjusts corresponding curves 32. Specifically, the setting unit 28 is set up as follows to articulate the setting surfaces 16a-h and thus set the course 32:

• The control unit contains a carrier 36 which is decoupled from the twist 14 . In the reference system of the projectile 6 explained above, which moves translationally in the direction of flight 12, the carrier 36 is therefore at rest negative "counter-spin". In the present case, this is achieved by a mounting 38 of the carrier 36 in the shell 10 , indicated here only symbolically by a ball bearing, which allows free rotation of the carrier 36 about the longitudinal axis 8 relative to the shell 10 .

The control unit 28 also contains a course element 40, which is also twist-decoupled from the shell 10, ie rests in accordance with the carrier 36, but whose position L relative to the carrier 36 is adjustable.

The actuating unit 28 also contains an articulation element 42 which is mounted to rotate about the longitudinal axis 8 relative to the carrier 36 with the twist 14 and is coupled in motion to the articulation element 42 with regard to a change in the position L. The articulation element 42 is in turn connected to the positioning surfaces 16a-h via the articulation 30. A change in the position L of the course element 40 also leads to a changed position of the articulation element 42 via the movement coupling, the latter position not being to be understood in the sense of the twist 14 as such. Rather, it is the position of the articulation element 42 rotating with the twist 14. The changed position of the articulation element 42 in turn leads via the articulation 30 to other pivoting angles WS of the shelves 16a-h and thus to a changed profile 32 of the pivoting angle WS .

The actuating unit 28 also contains an actuator arrangement 44 which is in turn fixed to the carrier 36 and is therefore likewise torsionally decoupled. This is set up to set the position L of the profile element 40 in a predetermined manner. The position L is specified in such a way that a desired course 32 is established via the movement coupling and articulation 30 described above.

In the present case, the course element 40 is formed by a first inner ring 46 of a swash plate 48 . The articulation element 42 is formed by a second outer ring 50 of the swash plate 48 . The above-mentioned movement coupling is brought about by the exclusively rotating mounting (symbolically indicated by a ball bearing, rotation is the only degree of freedom) of the outer ring 50 on the inner ring 46 . The position L describes the axial position of the swash plate 48 on the carrier 36 and its tilting relative to the carrier 36. The carrier 36 runs centrally in the casing 10 along the longitudinal axis 8 and is correspondingly mounted in this. To change the position L, the swash plate 48 is mounted concentrically, axially displaceably and tiltably on the carrier 36 (indicated by pitch circles).

The actuator arrangement 44, in turn, contains three (in 1 only two of them are shown symbolically) actuators 52 in the form of linear actuators, which or whose basic structure 54 is firmly attached to the carrier 36. The respective output ends 56 (movable with respect to the base structure 54) are fastened to the first ring 46 of the swash plate 48 (jointed due to tilting of the swash plate 48).

Thus, the actuators 52 can bring about the displacement of the swash plate 48 along the carrier 36 in the direction of the longitudinal axis 8, which increases or decreases the pivoting angle WS of all positioning surfaces 16a-h equally. The actuators 52 can also tilt the first ring 46 and thus the entire swash plate 48 . This leads to a change in the pivot angle WS of the positioning surfaces 16a-h that varies in the circumferential direction and thus to their asymmetrical deflection and thus to a possible course correction of the projectile 6.

Reference List

2

ammunition

4

ammunition body

6

bullet

8th

longitudinal axis

10

Covering

12

flight direction

14

spin

16a-h

footprint

18

pivot axis

20

End

22

empennage

24

transverse plane

26

Circle

28

actuator

30

linkage

32

Course

34

control unit

36

carrier

38

storage

40

history item

42

articulation element

44

actuator arrangement

46

first ring

48

swashplate

50

second ring

52

actuator

54

basic structure

56

output end

WS

swivel angle

A

Distance

R

caliber radius

Wu

circumferential angle

KK

course correction

L

Position

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• EP 3667226 A1 [0002]

Claims (15)

Projectile (6), with a casing (10) extending along a longitudinal axis (8), which is set up to have a twist (14) about the longitudinal axis (8) in a flight direction (12) during intended flight, - with at least one positioning surface (16a-h), which is pivoted with the casing (10) about a pivot axis (18) relative to the casing (10), with each of the positioning surfaces (16a-h) having a current pivoting angle (WS ) about the pivot axis (18), - With an actuating unit (28) which is connected to at least one of the shelves (16a-h) via a linkage (30) and which is set up to articulate the shelves (16a-h) with regard to their respective current swivel angle (WS). , and for each of the articulated positioning surfaces (16a-h) to set a twist-decoupled cyclic curve (32) of the respective current swivel angle (WS) depending on a circumferential angle (WU) in the circumferential direction around the longitudinal axis (8), the curve (32) can be changed by the setting unit (28). floor after claim 1 , characterized in that the projectile (6) contains a control unit (34) which acts on the setting unit (28) and is set up to change the course (32) as a function of a desired course correction (KK) by acting on the setting unit (28). of the projectile (6) to change. Projectile (6) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the projectile (6) has a plurality of at least two positioning surfaces (16a-h) distributed over the circumference of the projectile (6) about the longitudinal axis (8). Projectile (6) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least two of the positioning surfaces (16a-h) are connected to the positioning unit (28) via the articulation (30). Projectile (6) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the course (32) is the same for all positioning surfaces (16a-h) articulated by the positioning unit (28). Projectile (6) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the positioning surfaces (16a-h) is mounted on the casing (10) so that it can only be pivoted about the pivot axis (18). Projectile (6) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the positioning surfaces (16a-h) forms a rear end (20) of the projectile (6) with respect to the direction of flight (12). Projectile (6) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the pivot axes (18) runs transversely to the longitudinal axis (8). Projectile (6) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one of the pivot axes (18) has a perpendicular distance (A) of at least 90% of a caliber radius (R) of the projectile (6) to the longitudinal axis (8). Projectile (6) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the actuating unit (28) contains: - a spin-decoupled carrier (36), - a spin-decoupled course element (40) predetermining the course (32), whose position (L) relative to the carrier (36) is adjustable, - an articulation element (42) which is rotatably mounted relative to the carrier (36), has the twist (14) and is movably coupled to the course element (40) with regard to a change in position (L), which via the articulation (30 ) is connected to the positioning surfaces (16a-h), - a twist-decoupled actuator arrangement (44) which is set up to set the position (L) of the profile element (40) in a predetermined manner. floor (6) after claim 10 , characterized in that the course element (40) is formed by a first ring (46), and the articulation element (42) by a second ring (50) of a swash plate (48), the two rings (46,48) by a rotating storage are coupled to each other for movement. floor (6) after claim 10 or 11 , characterized in that the carrier (36) runs centrally in the casing (10) along the longitudinal axis (8) and the extension element (40) is mounted concentrically on the carrier (36) so that it can be displaced axially and tilted. Bullet (6) after one of Claims 10 until 12 , characterized in that the actuator arrangement (44) contains three actuators (52) distributed uniformly around the carrier (36) in the circumferential direction, the basic structures (54) of which are fastened to the carrier and the movable output ends (56) of which are fastened to the running element (40). . Projectile (6) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the projectile (6) is a projectile (6) of a medium-caliber ammunition (2). Ammunition (2) with a projectile (6) according to one of the preceding claims.

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