DE102021203664A1 - Joining method for joining at least one first joining partner with a second joining partner and sensor arrangement with these - Google Patents

Abstract

A joining method is proposed for joining at least one first joining partner 10 to a second joining partner 11, with at least one of the joining partners 10, 11 forming an optical component 2, 2', in particular an optical component 2, 2' of a sensor 1, in which the first and the second joining partner 10, 11 are connected to one another in a joining zone 12, with a material section 7 within the joining zone 12 being heated and melted by a laser beam L from a laser source, with an additional material 9 made of glass or a transparent plastic inside as the material section 7 the joining zone 12 is used for melting by the laser beam L and for remelting the two joining partners 10, 11. Furthermore, a sensor arrangement 20 is proposed with at least one first joining partner 10 and one second joining partner 11, which are joined using the joining method.

Description

State of the art

Various joining technologies are available for joining several components, in particular glass-glass or glass-metal, such as gluing, bonding or soldering. Such connections are used, for example, in optical sensors or sensor systems, such as lidar, particle sensors or camera systems, where lenses, mirrors or other optical components have to be joined very precisely in a beam path.

For example, from the reference DE 10 2006 025 865 A1 a bonding process is known. In the bonding method for bonding at least one first element to at least one second element using a glass solder as the connecting means, liquid glass solder or a glass solder suspension is applied to at least one of the elements in a non-impact printing process.

Disclosure of Invention

A joining method for joining at least a first joining partner with a second joining partner, in particular a sensor, with the features of claim 1 and a sensor arrangement, in particular a quantum sensor, with at least a first joining partner and a second joining partner with the features of claim 11 is proposed. Preferred, advantageous and/or further embodiments of the invention result from the dependent claims, the following description and/or the figures.

A joining method for joining at least one first joining partner to a second joining partner is proposed, with at least one of the joining partners forming an optical component, in particular an optical component of a sensor. The optical component is preferably designed as an optical lens or a transparent layer, with the optical component preferably being permanently connected to the other joining partner, for example a housing or holder, by the joining method. The two joining partners are preferably made from different materials. For example, the optical component is made of a glass material and the other joining partner is made of plastic or metal. Alternatively, both joining partners are made of the same material, e.g. glass. Alternatively, the optical component is made of a transparent plastic. The optical component is preferably suitable for guiding, bundling, scattering and/or deflecting a light and/or laser beam when the sensor is in operation.

In the joining process, the first and the second joining partner are connected to one another in a joining zone. Joining zones are areas or sections of the first and second joining partners, for example contact surfaces and/or contact geometries of these, which enter into a joining connection with one another in the course of the joining process. For example, the optical component is embodied as the optical lens, with its outer circumference and/or outer diameter being fastened to the housing as a joining partner in the joining process, so that a circumferential joining zone is formed. Alternatively, the joining zone is formed by two contact surfaces lying one on top of the other, for example two transparent layers, which are connected to one another in particular in a materially bonded manner. Consequently, the joining zone has any shape and/or configuration and extent. For example, the two joining partners are connected to one another within a number of joining zones.

Provision is also made for a material section to be heated and melted within the joining zone by at least one laser beam from a laser source. The material section is designed as an additional material, in particular welding filler, which is melted by the laser beam, with a melt of the additional material enveloping both joining partners and connecting them in a materially bonded manner. The laser source is designed, for example, as a CO2 laser, it being possible in principle to use any suitable laser source, depending on the materials to be joined. A weld seam and/or joint seam is preferably formed from the filler material between the two joint partners, which has any two-dimensional and/or three-dimensional profile. For example, the weld seam and/or joint seam is designed to be partially or completely covered by the two joint partners.

Furthermore, it is provided that an additional material made of glass or a transparent plastic is used as the material section within the joining zone for melting by the laser beam and for remelting the two joining partners. The filler material is preferably heated and melted with the laser beam in a first step and/or a preceding partial step, with the melted filler material being brought into contact with the two joining partners in a second step and/or subsequent partial step. For example, the additional material is in the form of a rod or a fiber made of glass or transparent plastic, which is cut by the laser beam is hit with a specific wavelength range, with the additional material absorbing the radiant energy and thereby being heated and melted. The filler material preferably has an optimized composition, e.g. doping or additive, or an optimized structure, e.g. coating or modified surface, so that, depending on the type of laser source and/or wavelength range of the laser beam, only the filler material and/or the filler material is melted has certain wetting or welding properties as a welding filler. It is optionally provided that the joining partners are heated and/or melted by means of the laser beam or an external heat source in order to reduce stresses or to improve wetting behavior of the additional material.

Alternatively, the additional material is connected as a further component made of glass or a transparent plastic to one of these before the two joining partners are assembled, e.g. placed in a holder or applied to a surface. The additional material can be designed as a solid body, as an elastic band or ring or as a liquid. Alternatively, the additional material is in the form of loose fibers or a suspension of particles and/or fibers. The filler material preferably has a lower melting temperature than the joining partners. As a result, it can be provided that only the filler material is melted by the laser beam, for example in order to reduce the heat input into the joining partners. It is advantageous that certain joining properties can be defined through the selection of the filler material. For example, a flow property during melting can be determined by an additive in the filler material or the elasticity of the bond can be determined by the choice of material, e.g. a thermoplastic.

The invention is based on the idea of creating a joining method in which an optical component, in particular a sensor, e.g. a lens, is joined to a joining partner in a laser processing step, with a specially adjusted filler material being melted in order to create a material connection. Furthermore, a joining method is to be created in which sensor components can be joined with reduced demands on their component precision and greater gap bridging capability during joining is possible. The advantage is that the additional material enables a higher gap bridging ability than with adhesives, whereby the choice of the additional material, e.g. glass or transparent plastic, and its composition, improve welding and joining properties when joining, e.g. glass-glass or glass-metal , are adjustable. During the joining process, no material is removed from the optical component and/or the joining partner, which also protects the optical component from excessive heat input so that it retains its optical properties.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention it is provided that a glass solder or a glass fiber or a glass filament or a plastic fiber or a plastic filament is used as the additional material, the additional material being supplied to the joining zone during joining. The joining zone can be formed, for example, as a joint or seam between the two joining partners, wherein preferably only the filler material, similar to build-up welding, is melted by the laser beam and applied to the joining partners and/or coated with them. For example, the additional material is gradually fed to the seam in the form of a rod, fiber or wire and melted, with the solidified additional material forming the joint seam.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention, it is provided that a glass film or a plastic film or a glass layer or a plastic layer or a glass insert or a plastic insert is used as the additional material, with the additional material being installed before the joining with the first and/or the second joining partner. In this case, the joining zone extends, for example, between a first contact surface of the optical component and a second contact surface of the joining partner, with the additional material, e.g. as a plastic ring, being arranged between the first and the second contact surface before joining and/or being installed with them. It is advantageous that the additional material can be adapted precisely to the joining zone or a seam and/or a joint can be completely filled with it, so that defects in the joining seam are avoided.

In a specific embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the filler material is installed with the first and/or the second joining partner before joining, with the first and the second joining partner being installed together in a layered arrangement and/or in a sandwich construction with the filler material as an intermediate layer. For example, the intermediate layer for melting is formed by a thin glass layer or glass film, which is on the optical component, z. B. glass lens is applied. The optical component is then arranged on the joining partner with the self-adhesive or adhesive glass layer or glass foil. For example, an edge area of the layer arrangement is joined by the laser beam.

A preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the laser beam is guided through a volume of the optical component, in particular through a medium of the optical component, in particular through a glass or transparent plastic body of the optical component, for transmitted light irradiation of the additional material.

The laser beam is preferably directed onto the optical component in such a way that it is guided through the volume and/or through the medium, e.g. glass or plastic, to an interface for coupling and/or for introduction into the filler material. The filler material is preferably in direct contact with the interface of the optical component, e.g. in the layer arrangement. The laser beam is coupled via the optical component into the filler material for heating and melting. The two parts to be joined are welded together in a fixed state, with the laser beam being guided through the optical component to the joining zone with the additional material. For example, the optical component and the joining partner are arranged in the fastened state in such a way that a hidden weld seam is produced between them by the laser beam. It is advantageous that the sensor and/or sensor components are protected by a covered welding and/or joining seam from spiky melt during joining and in particular the optical component is not contaminated.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the additional material is heated and melted by absorbing radiant energy of the laser beam, with the absorption, preferably in a specific wavelength range of the laser beam, being produced by doping a base material of the additional material or by a modified surface of the additional material becomes. The additional material, in particular the glass material, is doped with titanium, for example, to absorb the laser beam, with the additional material being irradiated directly or via the optical component. When the doped filler material is directly irradiated, it is designed, for example, as a glass rod, with the filler material first being heated and melted by irradiation before it is fed to the joining partner for material-to-material joining. Alternatively, in the case of indirect irradiation, the doped additional material is designed as a glass film, for example, and is arranged on the joining partners before irradiation, with the laser beam being introduced via the optical component but only being absorbed in the doped glass film, so that it is selectively melted and the joining partners materially connected.

As an alternative or optionally in addition to the doping of the filler material, it is provided with a modified surface. The modified surface is preferably designed as a microstructured surface on the additional material, which can be produced, for example, by a mechanical process, e.g. sandblasting or mechanical roughening. The purpose of the modified surface is to improve the coupling of the laser beam when melting the filler material. Particularly in the case of transparent materials, e.g. glass or transparent plastic, which in principle can only absorb little radiation energy, the modified surface improves the absorption of the radiation energy of the laser beam, so that shorter exposure times for melting are possible.

Alternatively or optionally in addition, it is provided that the modified surface is produced by surface structuring, in particular surface structuring produced in a laser structuring process. For example, a microstructured surface on the additional material, e.g. the glass layer, is produced as a modified surface using selective laser etching as a laser structuring process. In particular, fine and uniform surface structures can be created by this method, which can be adapted, for example, to a wavelength range of the laser beam in order to improve the absorption of the radiation energy of the laser beam.

As an alternative to this, it can be provided that the modified surface is produced by a coating. For example, the coating is only applied to the filler material or to selective areas of the joining zone, with the coating being intended to improve the absorption properties, as described above.

In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it is provided that an undercut geometry of the first and/or the second joining partner is melted around by the molten filler material and/or a melt of a base material of the filler material for the form-fitting and material-locking joint connection of the joining partner. The undercut geometry is preferably designed as a groove or an undercut. For example, an undercut with an angular or round cross section is introduced into the first and/or second joining partner, with the undercut geometry being designed to be open for filling with melt of the additional material. For example, the additional material is designed as a glass layer or glass foil between the two parts to be joined, with the undercut geometries being opened in one or both parts to be joined th side is formed to the filler material, wherein, for example, during the transmitted light irradiation of the filler material, this is melted and at least part of the melt flows into the undercut geometries and solidifies, so that a form-fitting and material-locking joint connection of the joint partners is created. The undercut geometry is preferably designed in such a way that when the filler material liquefies, the melt is drawn into the undercut geometry by the capillary force. Alternatively, the undercut geometry is designed as a labyrinth.

In a specific embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the undercut geometry is produced in a laser processing method, in particular in a selective laser etching method (SLE), before the joining partners are joined. With SLE, structures are created in the joining partner by laser-induced etching. In particular, the SLE process is suitable for producing structures in glass. For example, multi-scale structures, e.g. structures in a µm range with superimposed structures in a sub-µm range, are generated. It is advantageous that undercut geometries are created by a laser processing process, which enables reliable clawing of the melt with the joining partners in the smallest of spaces. As a result, particularly small sensors can be produced.

A further embodiment of the invention provides that the first and/or the second joining partner are heated when the additional material is melted, the laser beam or an external heat source being used to heat the first and/or second joining partner. In particular, one or both joining partners is heated in order to produce improved wetting of the melt within the joining zone and/or on the surfaces of the joining partners. For example, the laser beam is directed onto the joining zone and/or surfaces within the joining zone up to a certain temperature of the joining partners. Alternatively, at least the optical component is also heated during the transmitted light irradiation through absorption and heat transfer. Alternatively or optionally in addition, the joining partners are heated by an external heat source, e.g. an electric heater or an infrared lamp, during the entire joining process or at least during the irradiation.

In a specific embodiment of the invention, it is provided that the first and/or the second joining partner are heated and/or partially melted by absorbing radiant energy from the laser beam, with doping of a base material or a modified surface of the first and/or second joining partner being the joining zone, less radiant energy of the laser beam is absorbed by the first and/or second joining partner than by the additional material for heating and melting. Due to the doping or modified surface, the additional material absorbs more radiation energy during irradiation than the joining partners, e.g. through their base material, can absorb with the same type or duration of irradiation. As a result, in particular in the case of transmitted light irradiation and/or in the case of the layer arrangement, the joining partners are to be heated for improved wetting, but only the additional material is to be melted. Due to the adjustable absorption properties of the filler material, the heat input into the joining partners can be defined so that, for example, excessive thermal stress is avoided, but simultaneous thermal heating of the joining partners with the laser beam is possible.

Another subject of the invention is a sensor arrangement, e.g. a lidar sensor arrangement or a particle sensor arrangement, in particular a quantum sensor, with at least a first joining partner and a second joining partner, with at least one of the joining partners being designed as an optical component. The sensor arrangement preferably has a glass or plastic lens as the optical component, with the joining partner of the optical component preferably being designed as a housing or a holder made of a plastic or a metal, e.g. aluminum or steel. Furthermore, the sensor arrangement has a joining seam for materially connecting the first joining partner to the second joining partner within a joining zone, the joining seam being formed by the joining method as described above. Consequently, the joint seam is formed at least from glass or a transparent plastic of an additional material. Quantum sensors are sensors that are designed to measure physical quantities such as frequency, acceleration, rotation rates, electric and magnetic fields or temperature on the basis of a quantum effect, in particular to measure them with high accuracy.

• 1a eine schematische Schnittdarstellung einer Sensoranordnung mit einem ersten und einem zweiten Fügepartner in einem Fügeverfahren mit einem zugeführten Zusatzwerkstoff zum Fügen als ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 1b eine schematische Schnittdarstellung der Sensoranordnung in dem Fügeverfahren aus 1a mit einer Fügenaht aus dem Zusatzwerkstoff als ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 2a, 2b schematische Schnittdarstellungen der Sensoranordnung mit alternativen Einstrahlungen eines Laserstrahls in den Zusatzwerkstoff als ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 3 eine schematische Schnittdarstellung der Sensoranordnung mit den Fügepartnern und dem Zusatzwerkstoff in einer Schichtanordnung als ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 4 eine schematische Schnittdarstellung der Sensoranordnung mit einer Hinterschnittgeometrie an einem der Fügepartner als ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel.

Further advantages, effects and configurations result from the accompanying figures and their description. show:

• 1a a schematic sectional view of a sensor arrangement with a first and a second joining partner in a joining method with a supplied filler material for joining as a preferred embodiment;
• 1b a schematic sectional view of the sensor arrangement in the joining process out 1a with a seam made of the filler material as a preferred embodiment;
• 2a , 2 B schematic sectional representations of the sensor arrangement with alternative irradiation of a laser beam into the additional material as a further exemplary embodiment;
• 3 a schematic sectional view of the sensor arrangement with the joining partners and the additional material in a layered arrangement as a preferred exemplary embodiment;
• 4 a schematic sectional view of the sensor arrangement with an undercut geometry on one of the joining partners as a preferred embodiment.

In the 1 a sensor arrangement 20 with a sensor 1 is shown in a schematic sectional view. The sensor 1 is designed as an optical sensor, for example a lidar sensor or an optical particle sensor. The sensor 1 has an optical component 2 . The optical component 2 is in the form of an optical lens or a transparent layer, these being shown in a highly schematic manner in the figures. For example, the optical component 2 is arranged in a beam path of the sensor 1 in order to collect or scatter incident light. The optical component 2 has a first surface 3a and an opposite second surface 3b. In addition, the optical component 2 has at least one third surface, which is arranged essentially perpendicular to the first and second surface 3a, 3b. The optical component 2 is made of transparent glass or a transparent plastic, for example.

Furthermore, the sensor 1 has a further sensor component 4, for example a housing. The sensor component 4 has at least one stop surface 6 for receiving the optical component 2 . The sensor component 4 or the housing is made of plastic or a metal, e.g. aluminum, for example.

The optical component 2 and the sensor component 4 are joined in a joining process so that they are permanently connected to one another. Thus, within the scope of the joining method, one can speak of a first joining partner 10, the optical component 2, and a second joining partner 11, the sensor component 4, with the first and the second joining partner 10, 11 being connected within a joining zone 12. According to the exemplary embodiment in 1a and 1b between a portion of the stop surface 6 of the sensor component 4 and portions of the second and third surface 3b, 3c of the optical component 2 is formed.

In the joining method, a laser beam L from a laser source (not shown) is used to heat up and melt the material section 7 . The laser source is in the form of a carbon dioxide laser, for example. The material section 7 is designed as an additional material 9 made of a glass material or transparent plastic. According to the exemplary embodiment, the additional material 9 is in the form of a rod, wire or fiber made of glass or transparent plastic, the additional material 9 being gradually added to the joining zone 12 as a welding filler during joining. For example, the additional material 9 is first irradiated directly with the laser beam L, the additional material 9 being heated and melted by the radiant energy of the laser beam L. The melted and/or at least softened additional material 9 is then fed to the joining zone 12 in order to produce a material connection between the two joining partners 10, 11 after the additional material 9 has solidified. For example, the third surface 3c and the stop surface 6 are arranged perpendicular to one another, with the melted and/or softened additional material 9 being applied to the surface along a transition edge within the joining zone 12 . In the 1a the sensor arrangement 20 is shown in an irradiated state S1 by the laser beam L, wherein in FIG 1b the sensor arrangement 20 is shown in an assembled state S2 and unirradiated.

Through the joining process, a joining seam N is formed between the two joining partners 10, 11 for the material connection. In the 1b the joining seam N is only shown externally at a transition point between the two joining partners 10, 11. In principle, the joining method can be used to form a joining seam N with any desired two- or three-dimensional profile. For example, the first joining partner 10 is in the form of a circular optical lens, with the joining seam N being formed circumferentially on an outer peripheral surface of the optical lens. The joint seam N consists, for example, entirely of the melted base material of the additional material 9, that is to say of melted and solidified glass or transparent plastic. Alternatively, at least part of the joining partners 10, 11 is also melted or softened during joining within the joining zone 12, so that the joining seam N is formed from a material mixture of the base materials of the joining partners 10, 11 and the additional material 9. The joining method can be used, for example, as a laser welding method for connecting an optical component 2 to a sensor component 4 of a sensor 1 by means of an additive zmaterial 9 made of glass or transparent plastic can be seen.

In the 2a and 2 B the sensor arrangement 20 with the sensor 1 and the two joining partners 10, 11 are shown in an alternative irradiation of the filler material 9. The optical component 2 and the sensor component 4 are as before in FIGS 1a , 1b describe arranged, wherein the sensor component 4 is formed as a further optical component 2 '. Alternatively, the sensor component 4 is designed at least as a transparent layer, for example made of glass or a transparent plastic. For example, two components of the glass sensor are joined together using the joining process.

According to the embodiment in FIG 2a coupled into the additional material 9 via the further optical component 2'. A volume V2 and/or a medium of the further component 2', for example glass, is transilluminated by the laser beam L, the laser beam L being guided to the joining zone 12 via the volume V2. The laser beam L is guided, for example, to the stop surface 6, with the additional material 9, e.g. as a glass rod, lying against the stop surface 6, with the radiant energy of the laser beam L being coupled into the additional material 9 via the stop surface 6 as an interface. It is advantageous that the joining method using the transmitted light method can in particular irradiate hard-to-reach or very “small” joining zones 12 and a joint connection can be produced there.

In the 2 B the optical component 2 is irradiated by the laser beam L. The laser beam L is introduced, for example, via the first surface 3a into a volume V1 and/or a medium of the optical component 2, with the laser beam L being introduced via the volume VI, e.g. B a glass body to which the joining zone 12 is guided. In this case, for example, no or at least very little radiation energy is absorbed by the optical component 2 . The laser beam L exits, for example, at the third surface of the optical component 2 and is coupled into the additional material 9 lying thereon for melting. For example, essentially only radiation energy is absorbed by the additional material 9 , with the optical component being designed only to conduct and/or transmit light through the laser beam L to the joining zone 12 . For this purpose, for example, the additional material 9 is doped, for example with titanium, or has a modified surface, e.g. B a coating on. In principle, glass or transparent plastic absorbs little or no radiant energy in certain wavelength ranges. The additional material 9, which is doped for example, makes it possible to use a wavelength range that generates little or no heat input in the optical component when radiated through and/or transmitted by light, but which melts the additional material when it is transferred.

In the 3 an alternative arrangement of the sensor arrangement 20 and/or the sensor 1 is shown in a schematic sectional view. The two joining partners 10, 11 are installed together with the additional material 9 in a layered arrangement and/or layered construction, with the additional material 9 being arranged as an intermediate layer 8, e.g. as a glass or plastic layer or foil, between the two joining partners 10, 11 . In particular, the intermediate layer 8 lies flat against the second surface 3b of the optical component 2 and the stop face 6 of the sensor component 4 .

The laser beam L is, as in 2 B , coupled via volume V1 of the optical component 2 into the intermediate layer 8, with selective areas of the intermediate layer 8 being melted by the laser beam L. As a result, hidden joining seams N are formed between the two joining partners 10, 11. For example, the intermediate layer 8 has the doping or modified surface in order to couple the laser beam L in. Alternatively or optionally in addition, several laser beams or partial beams can simultaneously melt the intermediate layer 8 and form the concealed joining seam N.

In the 4 is the sensor arrangement 20 and/or the sensor 1 in the layer arrangement as in FIG 3 shown, wherein the optical component 2 has an undercut geometry 13 . The undercut geometry 13 is designed as a recess in the volume V1 of the optical component 2, the undercut geometry 13 having a “mushroom-shaped” outline in cross section. The undercut geometry 13 is designed to be covered by the other joining partner 11 when the sensor 1 is installed. The undercut geometry 13 is formed on the second surface 3b. For example, the undercut geometry 13 is produced on the optical component 2 by a selective laser etching method. The undercut geometry 13 has an open side which is open towards the second surface. In the installed state, the intermediate layer 8 is in direct contact with the open side of the undercut geometry 13 .

The laser beam L is introduced, for example, via the first surface 3a into the optical component 2 for transmitted light irradiation, the laser beam L being guided via the volume V1 to the undercut geometry 13 . For example, the laser beam L is coupled into the intermediate layer 8 via the undercut geometry 13 . The Between Layer 8 is melted by the laser beam L, with a melt M from the filler material 9 or the intermediate layer 8 being formed and/or embedded in the undercut geometry 13 . The melt M is distributed, for example, in the entire undercut geometry 13 and adapts to its geometry, with the solidification of the melt M the joint seam N being produced as a positive and material joint connection. For example, the melt M and/or the joining seam N forms a barb in the solidified state and/or has a T-shaped cross section in order to enter into a form fit with the undercut geometry 13 . The undercut geometry 13 can be formed on both joining partners 10, 11, for example. For example, these lie opposite one another with the open sides, so that the melt M and/or the joining seam N enter into a form fit on two sides. The undercut geometry 13 is designed, for example, in such a way that the melt M is drawn into a cavity of the undercut geometry 13 by the capillary force. For example, the undercut geometry 13 is designed as a flat microstructure, so that particularly small components 2, 4 of the sensor 1 can be joined in a form-fitting and cohesive manner.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• DE 102006025865 A1 [0002]

Claims (11)

Joining method for joining at least one first joining partner (10) to a second joining partner (11), wherein at least one of the joining partners (10, 11) has an optical component (2, 2'), in particular an optical component (2, 2') of a sensor (1), forms, in which the first and the second joining partner (10, 11) are connected to one another in a joining zone (12), wherein a material section (7) within the joining zone (12) is heated and melted by a laser beam (L) from a laser source, an additional material (9) made of glass or a transparent plastic within the joining zone (12) for melting by the laser beam (L) and for remelting the two joining partners (10, 11) is used as the material section (7). joining process claim 1 , characterized in that a glass solder or a glass fiber or a glass filament or a plastic fiber or a plastic filament is used as the additional material (9), the additional material (9) being fed to the joining zone (12) during joining. joining process claim 1 , characterized in that a glass foil or a plastic foil or a glass layer or a plastic layer or a glass insert or a plastic insert is used as the additional material (9), the additional material (9) being attached to the first and/or the second joining partner (10 , 11) is installed. joining process claim 3 , characterized in that the first and the second joining partner (10, 11) are built together in a layer arrangement and/or a sandwich construction with the additional material (9) as an intermediate layer (8). Joining method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the laser beam (L) is guided through a volume (V1, V2) of the optical component (2, 2') for transmitted light irradiation of the additional material (9). Joining method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additional material (9) is heated and melted by absorbing radiant energy of the laser beam (L), with doping of a base material of the additional material (9) or by a modified surface of the additional material (9 ) the absorption, preferably in a specific wavelength range of the laser beam (L), is generated. Joining method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an undercut geometry (13) of the first and/or the second joining partner (10, 11) is formed from the molten additional material (9) and/or a melt (9) from a base material of the additional material ( 9) is remelted for the form-fitting and material-locking joint connection of the joint partners (10, 11). joining process claim 7 , characterized in that the undercut geometry (13) is produced in a laser machining process, in particular in a selective laser etching process, before the joining partners (10, 11) are joined. Joining method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first and/or the second joining partner (10, 11) are heated when the additional material (9) is melted, with the first and/or second joining partner (10, 11) being heated by the Laser beam (L) or an external heat source is used. joining process claim 9 , characterized in that the first and/or the second joining partner (10, 11) are heated and/or partially melted by absorption of radiant energy of the laser beam (L), with doping of a base material or a modified surface of the first and/or or second joining partner (10, 11) within the joining zone (12) less radiant energy of the laser beam (L) is absorbed by the first and/or second joining partner (10, 11) than by the additional material (9) for heating and melting. Sensor arrangement (20), in particular a quantum sensor, with at least a first joining partner (10) and a second joining partner (11), wherein at least one of the joining partners (10, 11) is designed as an optical component (2, 2'), with a joining seam (N) for cohesively connecting the first joining partner (10) to the second joining partner (11) within a joining zone (12), characterized in that the joining seam (N) is formed by the joining method according to one of the preceding claims.

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