DE102016206400A1 - Actuator and method for producing an actuator - Google Patents
Actuator and method for producing an actuator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102016206400A1 DE102016206400A1 DE102016206400.2A DE102016206400A DE102016206400A1 DE 102016206400 A1 DE102016206400 A1 DE 102016206400A1 DE 102016206400 A DE102016206400 A DE 102016206400A DE 102016206400 A1 DE102016206400 A1 DE 102016206400A1
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- Prior art keywords
- housing
- housing cover
- transmission
- laser beam
- actuator
- Prior art date
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
- B23K26/0608—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams in the same heat affected zone [HAZ]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1664—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
- B29C65/1667—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators at the same time, i.e. simultaneous laser welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/1222—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a lapped joint-segment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
- B29C66/122—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/1224—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising only two joint-segments in the joint cross-section comprising at least a butt joint-segment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/302—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators
- B29C66/3022—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/30223—Particular design of joint configurations the area to be joined comprising melt initiators said melt initiators being integral with at least one of the parts to be joined said melt initiators being rib-like
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
- B29C66/542—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles joining hollow covers or hollow bottoms to open ends of container bodies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/61—Joining from or joining on the inside
- B29C66/612—Making circumferential joints
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
- B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/82—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps
- B29C66/826—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps without using a separate pressure application tool, e.g. the own weight of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/8262—Pressure application arrangements, e.g. transmission or actuating mechanisms for joining tools or clamps without using a separate pressure application tool, e.g. the own weight of the parts to be joined using "pressure means" which are associated with at least one of the parts to be joined and remain in or on it
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H57/031—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein characterised by covers or lids for gearboxes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H57/032—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein characterised by the materials used
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/30—Organic material
- B23K2103/42—Plastics
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
- B29C65/1609—Visible light radiation, e.g. by visible light lasers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
- B29C65/1612—Infrared [IR] radiation, e.g. by infrared lasers
- B29C65/1616—Near infrared radiation [NIR], e.g. by YAG lasers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1603—Laser beams characterised by the type of electromagnetic radiation
- B29C65/1612—Infrared [IR] radiation, e.g. by infrared lasers
- B29C65/1619—Mid infrared radiation [MIR], e.g. by CO or CO2 lasers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
- B29C65/16—Laser beams
- B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
- B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
- B29C65/1638—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding focusing the laser beam on the interface
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/748—Machines or parts thereof not otherwise provided for
- B29L2031/749—Motors
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
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- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H2057/02095—Measures for reducing number of parts or components
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H57/00—General details of gearing
- F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
- F16H2057/0325—Moulded casings made from plastic
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Stellantrieb mit einem Elektromotor und einem Getriebe, wobei das Getriebe in einem Getriebegehäuse aus einem Kunststoffmaterial aufgenommen ist und das Getriebegehäuse einen Gehäusedeckel aus einem Kunststoffmaterial umfasst, wobei der Gehäusedeckel mit dem Getriebegehäuse verschweißt ist. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es bei einem gattungsgemäßen Stellantrieb für eine einfach und wirtschaftlich herzustellende Gehäuseverbindung zu sorgen, die keine zusätzlichen Bauelemente benötigt und die hohe Designfreiheit erlaubt. Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 und 7 gelöst.The invention relates to an actuator with an electric motor and a transmission, wherein the transmission is accommodated in a transmission housing made of a plastic material and the transmission housing comprises a housing cover made of a plastic material, wherein the housing cover is welded to the transmission housing. The object of the invention is to provide in a generic actuator for a simple and economical to manufacture housing connection that requires no additional components and the high design freedom allowed. This object is achieved by the features of claims 1 and 7.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Stellantrieb mit einem Elektromotor und einem Getriebe, wobei das Getriebe in einem Getriebegehäuse aus einem Kunststoffmaterial aufgenommen ist und das Getriebegehäuse einen Gehäusedeckel aus einem Kunststoffmaterial umfasst, wobei der Gehäusedeckel mit dem Getriebegehäuse verschweißt ist. The invention relates to an actuator with an electric motor and a transmission, wherein the transmission is accommodated in a transmission housing made of a plastic material and the transmission housing comprises a housing cover made of a plastic material, wherein the housing cover is welded to the transmission housing.
Bei derartigen Stellantrieben dient ein Elektromotor kleiner Baugröße, hoher Drehzahl und niedrigem Drehmoment als Antrieb. Dessen Drehzahl ist für die meisten Anwendungen zu hoch und sein Drehmoment zu niedrig, weshalb in der Regel ein Untersetzungsgetriebe nachgeschaltet wird. Bei hohen Wirkungsgradanforderungen werden Stirnradgetriebe bevorzugt. Soll eine lineare Bewegung am Ausgang erzeugt werden, bieten sich Spindelgetriebe als letzte Getriebestufe an. Da Untersetzungsgetriebe empfindlich gegenüber Verschmutzungen und je nach Anwendung auch gegenüber dem Eindringen von Feuchtigkeit sind, werden diese Getriebe in ein Gehäuse eingebaut. Solche Gehäuse bestehen in der Regel aus einem Getriebegehäuse und einem Gehäusedeckel mit Durchführungen für Ein- und Ausgangswelle. In such actuators, an electric motor of small size, high speed and low torque is used as a drive. Its speed is too high for most applications and its torque too low, which is why usually a reduction gear is connected downstream. For high efficiency requirements spur gears are preferred. If a linear movement is to be generated at the output, spindle gears offer themselves as the last gear stage. Since reduction gear are sensitive to contamination and, depending on the application, also against the ingress of moisture, these transmissions are installed in a housing. Such housing usually consist of a gear housing and a housing cover with bushings for input and output shaft.
Aus der
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher bei einem gattungsgemäßen Stellantrieb für eine einfach und wirtschaftlich herzustellende Gehäuseverbindung zu sorgen, die keine zusätzlichen Bauelemente benötigt und die hohe Designfreiheit erlaubt. The object of the invention is therefore to provide in a generic actuator for a simple and economical to manufacture housing connection, which requires no additional components and the high design freedom allowed.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 1 und 7 gelöst. Es ist vorgesehen den Gehäusedeckel mit dem Getriebegehäuse durch ein Laser-Durchstrahl-Schweißverfahren miteinander zu verschweißen. Dieses Schweißverfahren erlaubt auch unsymmetrische Geometrien, weil keine nennenswerte Relativbewegung der Fügepartner zueinander erforderlich ist. Zudem ist es sehr wirtschaftlich und benötigt keine Zusatzbauteile wie Schrauben, Niete oder Zusatzhilfsmittel, wie Schweißdraht etc. oder es werden keine störenden Anformungen für Schnappmittel benötigt. This object is achieved by the features of
Weiterbildungen der Erfindung werden in den Unteransprüchen dargestellt. Es ist vorgesehen, dass der Gehäusedeckel und das Getriebegehäuse Lagerzapfen oder Lageraufnahmen umfasst. Bei einem derartigen Aufbau wäre die Verwendung eines Reibschweißverfahrens ungeeignet, weil hierdurch die Getriebebauteile beschädigt werden könnten oder eine undefinierte Einbaulage zu erwarten wäre. Reibungswärme durch Rotation des Gehäusedeckels könnte mit dieser Geometrie nicht erzeugt werden. Im Übrigen werden Laser-Durchstrahl-Schweißen keine Materialpartikel abgerieben, welche das Getriebe blockieren könnten, wie es beim Reibschweißverfahren möglich ist. Further developments of the invention are presented in the subclaims. It is envisaged that the housing cover and the gear housing bearing journals or bearing mounts. In such a construction, the use of a friction welding would be unsuitable, because this could damage the transmission components or an undefined installation position would be expected. Frictional heat by rotation of the housing cover could not be generated with this geometry. Incidentally, laser transmission welding does not abrade any material particles which could block the transmission, as is possible in the friction welding process.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist ein umlaufender Rand vorgesehen, welcher mit dem Gehäusedeckel oder auch mit dem Getriebegehäuse einstückig ist und an einer Innenwandung des Getriebegehäuses bzw. Gehäusedeckels unter Vorspannung anliegt. Durch die Vorspannung wird eine Voraussetzung für eine innige Schweißverbindung geschaffen, weil hierdurch eine geringfügige aber entscheidende Bewegung der Fügepartner aufeinander zu erreichbar ist. Die durch einen Laserstrahl erwärmten und aufgeschmolzenen Bereiche von Getriebegehäuse und Gehäusedeckel geben der vorher aufgebauten Spannung nach und vermischen sich. Nach dem Erkalten ergibt sich eine innige feste und dichte Verbindung. In a preferred embodiment, a peripheral edge is provided, which is integral with the housing cover or with the gear housing and bears against an inner wall of the gear housing or housing cover under bias. By biasing a condition for an intimate welded joint is created, because this is a minor but decisive movement of the joining partners to each other to reach. The heated and melted by a laser beam areas of gear housing and housing cover give the previously built voltage and mix. After cooling, there is an intimate solid and tight connection.
Um eine Vorspannung zu erzeugen ist eine vorspringende Wulst hilfreich, die am Rand des Gehäusedeckels angeordnet ist. Grundsätzlich kann die Wulst auch am Getriebegehäuse vorgesehen sein. Diese Wulst ist als Schweißbereich definiert, wobei die Breite eines Laserstrahls auf die Breite der Wulst abgestimmt ist. Es ist besonders wichtig, dass keine Barrieren, die ein Nachgeben der Vorspannung behindern, bestehen bleiben, deshalb ist die Wulst als Schweißbereich entsprechend sorgfältig auszuführen. Solche Barrieren würden beispielsweise dann bestehen bleiben, wenn der Laserstrahl zu schmal ist und nur einen Teilbereich aufschmelzen kann. Hierdurch würde nur eine oberflächliche Schweißverbindung entstehen, die größeren Kräften keinen ausreichenden mechanischen Widerstand entgegensetzen könnte. To create a bias, a protruding bead is helpful, which is arranged at the edge of the housing cover. In principle, the bead can also be provided on the transmission housing. This bead is defined as a welding area, wherein the width of a laser beam is matched to the width of the bead. It is particularly important that no barriers that impede a yielding of the bias remain, so the bead is to be executed as a welding area accordingly carefully. Such barriers would remain, for example, when the laser beam is too narrow and can melt only a portion. As a result, only a superficial weld would arise, the larger forces could not oppose sufficient mechanical resistance.
Zweckmäßigerweise ist vorgesehen, dass ein Gehäuseteil, das Getriebegehäuse oder der Gehäusedeckel aus einem für die Wellenlänge des verwendeten Laserlichts weitgehend durchlässigen Kunststoffmaterial besteht und das jeweils andere Gehäuseteil, der Gehäusedeckel oder das Getriebegehäuse aus einem dieselbe Wellenlänge absorbierenden Material besteht oder eine dieselbe Wellenlänge absorbierende Beschichtung aufweist. Hierbei kann der Laserstrahl durch die Wandung des äußeren Gehäuseteils hindurch bis zum Schweißbereich vordringen und das zweite gut absorbierende Teil im Randbereich aufheizen und aufzuschmelzen, wobei die Wärme des zweiten Gehäuseteils durch Wärmeleitung auch in das transparente Material geleitet wird und auch dieses aufschmilzt. Die beiden Gehäuseteile bewegen sich nach dem Aufschmelzen geringfügig aufeinander zu und vermischen sich ausgiebig und verbinden sich innig miteinander, so dass eine feste und dichte Verbindung entsteht. Conveniently, it is provided that a housing part, the gear housing or the housing cover consists of a plastic material for the wavelength of the laser light largely permeable plastic material and the other housing part, the housing cover or the gear housing consists of a same wavelength absorbing material or has a same wavelength absorbing coating , In this case, the laser beam through the wall of the outer housing part through to the welding area penetrate and heat the second well-absorbing part in the edge region and melt, wherein the heat of the second housing part is conducted by conduction in the transparent material and this also melts. The two housing parts move slightly towards each other after the melting and mix extensively and intimately connect with each other, so that a firm and tight connection is formed.
Eine alternative Ausführung sieht vor, dass beide Gehäuseteile, das Getriebegehäuse und der Gehäusedeckel aus demselben oder einem sehr ähnlichen Material bestehen, welche dieselben oder sehr ähnliche Transparenz- und Absorptionseigenschaften für die Wellenlänge des verwendeten Laserstrahls besitzen, wobei eine relativ hohe Transparenz beider Gehäuseteile vorgesehen ist. Hierdurch ist es nicht mehr unbedingt erforderlich mehrere Kunststoffmaterialien vorrätig zu halten. An alternative embodiment provides that both housing parts, the gear housing and the housing cover made of the same or a very similar material, which have the same or very similar transparency and absorption properties for the wavelength of the laser beam used, with a relatively high transparency of both housing parts is provided , As a result, it is no longer absolutely necessary to stock several plastic materials in stock.
Die Aufgabe der Erfindung wird auch durch das Verfahren nach Anspruch 7 gelöst. Dabei wird ein vormontierter Stellantrieb, bei welchem der Gehäusedeckel im Gehäuse eingepresst ist oder während des folgenden Verfahrensschritts auf das Gehäuse gedrückt wird, mit einem Laserstrahl bestrahlt, während eine relative Vorschubbewegung in Umfangsrichtung des Gehäusedeckels (x-Richtung) ausgeführt wird. Dabei kann sich entweder der Laserstrahl oder der Stellantrieb bewegen. Bei einer rotationssymmetrischen Schweißnaht ist es am einfachsten den Stellantrieb rotieren zu lassen. Der Laserstrahl kann kontinuierlich oder intermittierend auf den Gehäusedeckel einstrahlen, um entweder eine dichte Gehäuseverbindung herzustellen oder eine ökonomische Verbindung mit geringer Taktzeit. The object of the invention is also achieved by the method according to
Um eine hohe Qualität der Schweißverbindung zu erreichen ist vorgesehen, dass der Gehäusedeckel an seinem Rand eine Wulst aufweist, welche als Schweißbereich definiert ist, wobei die Breite eines Laserstrahls auf die Breite der Wulst abgestimmt ist, so dass keine nicht erwärmten Teilbereiche im Fügebereich möglich sind. In order to achieve a high quality of the welded joint, it is provided that the housing cover has at its edge a bead which is defined as a welding region, wherein the width of a laser beam is matched to the width of the bead, so that no unheated portions are possible in the joining region ,
Der Abstand der beiden Gehäuseteile im Schweißbereich soll sich gleichmäßig und gleichzeitig über den gesamten Schweißbereich oder zumindest einem Teil-Schweißbereich verringern können, um eine innige Verbindung mit dem Lagerschild einzugehen. Der Laserstrahl, welcher eine Vorschubbewegung entlang des Schweißbereichs (x-Richtung) ausführt, kann zu diesem Zweck eine rechtwinklig zu einer Vorschubbewegung modulierte Bewegung (hin- und hergehende Bewegung) parallel zur Oberfläche des Gehäusedeckels (y-Richtung) ausführen. The distance between the two housing parts in the welding area should be able to reduce uniformly and simultaneously over the entire welding area or at least a partial welding area, in order to enter into an intimate connection with the bearing plate. The laser beam, which performs a feed movement along the welding area (x-direction), for this purpose, a perpendicular to a feed movement modulated movement (reciprocating motion) parallel to the surface of the housing cover (y-direction).
Um eine noch sicherere Schweißverbindung zu erreichen ist weiter vorgesehen den Laserstrahl so zu beeinflussen, dass der Bereich höchster Energiedichte in z-Richtung moduliert wird. Zugleich muss darauf geachtet werden, dass die Oberfläche des Gehäusedeckels nicht verformt wird. Es darf also kein zu hoher Energieeintrag im oberflächennahen Bereich erfolgen. Die verwendete Schweißeinrichtung weist daher eine modulierbare Linsenmechanik auf, wobei eine Kollimationslinse oder eine Fokussierlinse eine Oszillationsbewegung entlang der z-Achse ausführt. Der Transmissions- bzw. Absorptionsgrad ist so zu wählen, dass eine ausreichende Erwärmung der Schweißstelle möglich ist ohne die Oberfläche des Gehäuses zu beschädigen. Dies kann bei einem Absorptionsgrad zwischen 10% und 20% der Fall sein. Für das beschriebene Schweißverfahren eignet sich ein Infrarotlaser aus dem Wellenlängenbereich zwischen 0,7 und 2,5 Mikrometer, ein Nd:YAG-Laser mit 1,064 Mikrometer oder ein CO2-Laser mit 10,6 Mikrometer. In order to achieve an even more secure welded connection, it is further provided to influence the laser beam in such a way that the region of maximum energy density in the z direction is modulated. At the same time, care must be taken that the surface of the housing cover is not deformed. It must therefore not be too high energy input in the near-surface area. The welding device used therefore has a modulatable lens mechanism, wherein a collimating lens or a focusing lens performs an oscillation movement along the z-axis. The degree of transmission or absorption should be selected so that adequate heating of the weld is possible without damaging the surface of the housing. This can be the case with an absorption of between 10% and 20%. For the described welding method, an infrared laser in the wavelength range between 0.7 and 2.5 microns, a Nd: YAG laser with 1.064 microns or a CO 2 laser with 10.6 microns is suitable.
Eine weitere wirkungsvolle Maßnahme besteht darin, den Laserstrahl durch eine Optik derart zu modifizieren, dass er an der Oberfläche einen Strahlquerschnitt aufweist, der bis zum Schweißbereich zu einer Kreisfläche oder einem Punkt fokussiert wird. In der Regel verlässt ein Laserstrahl die Strahlungsquelle mit einem Gauß’schen Strahlungsprofil, bei welchem das Maximum der Strahlung in der Strahlmitte ist. Wünschenswert ist in diesem Fall das Strahlungsmaximum in einem ringförmigen Bereich zu verschieben, wobei im Zentrum des Strahlungskegels ein Minimum der Strahlungsintensität vorherrscht. Auf der Oberfläche wird die Laserstrahlung daher auf einen großen Flächenbereich verteilt, sie trifft sich im Schweißbereich jedoch in einer kleinen Kreisfläche – idealisiert in einem Punkt. Auch bei einem geringen Absorptionsgrad von ca. 10 bis 20 % kann hierdurch genügend Wärme erzeugt werden um eine Schweißverbindung herzustellen. Another effective measure is to modify the laser beam by optics such that it has a beam cross-section on the surface, which is focused to the welding area to a circular area or a point. As a rule, a laser beam leaves the radiation source with a Gaussian radiation profile in which the maximum of the radiation is in the center of the beam. In this case, it is desirable to shift the radiation maximum in an annular region, wherein a minimum of the radiation intensity prevails in the center of the radiation cone. On the surface, the laser radiation is therefore distributed over a large surface area, but it meets in the welding area but in a small circular area - idealized in one point. Even with a low degree of absorption of about 10 to 20% can thereby be generated enough heat to produce a welded joint.
Es ist auch möglich mehr als einen Laserstrahl zu verwenden, die unter unterschiedlichen Einstrahlwinkeln auf den Schweißbereich gerichtet sind, wobei sich die Strahlquerschnitte der verschiedenen Laserstrahlen an der Oberfläche des Gehäuses nicht oder nur geringfügig überlappen, im Schweißbereich jedoch eine sich addierende Strahlungsintensität aufweisen, welche den Schweißbereich ausreichend für eine Schweißverbindung erwärmen kann. It is also possible to use more than one laser beam, which are directed at different angles of incidence on the welding area, wherein the beam cross sections of the different laser beams on the surface of the housing do not or only slightly overlap, but in the welding area have an adding radiation intensity, which Welding area can heat enough for a welded joint.
Zweckmäßigerweise sollten die beiden Laserstrahlen im Verbindungsbereich der beiden Gehäuseteile deckungsgleich sein um ein möglichst optimales Schweißergebnis zu erzielen. Conveniently, the two laser beams should be congruent in the connection region of the two housing parts in order to achieve the best possible welding result.
Eine besonders interessante Weiterentwicklung der Erfindung besteht darin, einen Laserstrahl schräg auf den Gehäusedeckel zu richten und dabei eine Art Präzessionsbewegung um die Schweißstelle auszuführen. Dabei wird stets die Schweißstelle bestrahlt, der Eintrittsbereich der Laserstrahlung an der Oberfläche und die Richtung, aus welcher diese eingestrahlt wird, ändert sich jedoch ständig, so dass die Gefahr einer Überhitzung und damit einer Verformung der Oberflächen vernachlässigbar gering ist. Der Laserstrahl überstreicht dabei eine Kegelmantelfläche. A particularly interesting further development of the invention is to obliquely direct a laser beam onto the housing cover, thereby performing a kind of precession movement around the weld. This is always the weld irradiated, the entrance area of the laser radiation on the surface and the direction from which it is irradiated, however, changes constantly, so that the risk of overheating and thus deformation of the surfaces is negligible. The laser beam sweeps over a conical surface.
An der Oberfläche verteilt sich die eingestrahlte Laserenergie durch Wärmeleitung weiter. Dennoch kann es unter Umständen erforderlich sein, dass die Oberfläche eines der Gehäusekörper gekühlt wird. In diesem Fall wird vorgeschlagen, dass die Oberfläche durch eine Kontaktfläche eines Kühlkörpers oder Kühleinrichtung durch Wärmeleitung gekühlt wird oder dass die Kühlung durch einen Gasstrom erfolgt. At the surface, the irradiated laser energy is distributed further by heat conduction. Nevertheless, it may be necessary to cool the surface of one of the housing bodies. In this case, it is proposed that the surface is cooled by a contact surface of a heat sink or cooling device by heat conduction or that the cooling is effected by a gas flow.
Als Gehäusematerialien eignen sich z. B. Polyamid, Polybutylenterephthalat, PEEK etc. Diese können auch mit Verstärkungsfasern gemischt sein. As housing materials are z. As polyamide, polybutylene terephthalate, PEEK, etc. These may also be mixed with reinforcing fibers.
Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen: Embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. Show it:
Hinweis: Bezugszeichen mit Index und entsprechende Bezugszeichen ohne Apostroph bezeichnen namensgleiche Einzelheiten in den Zeichnungen und der Zeichnungsbeschreibung. Es kann sich darüber hinaus um die Verwendung in einer anderen Ausführungsform, dem Stand der Technik oder einer Variante handeln. Die Ansprüche, die Beschreibungseinleitung, die Bezugszeichenliste und die Zusammenfassung enthalten der Einfachheit halber nur Bezugszeichen ohne Index. Note: Reference numerals with an index and corresponding reference numerals without an apostrophe indicate the same details in the drawings and the description of the drawing. It may also be the use in another embodiment, the prior art or a variant. For the sake of simplicity, the claims, the introduction to the description, the list of reference symbols and the abstract contain only reference symbols without an index.
BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS
- 1 1
- Stellantrieb actuator
- 2 2
- Elektromotor electric motor
- 3 3
- Getriebe transmission
- 4 4
- Getriebegehäuse gearbox
- 5 5
- Gehäusedeckel housing cover
- 6 6
- Lagerzapfen pivot
- 7 7
- Rand edge
- 8 8th
- Ausgangswelle output shaft
- 9 9
- Wulst bead
- 10 10
- Innenwandung inner wall
- 11 11
- Deckelflansch cover flange
- 12 12
- Gehäuserand housing edge
- 13 13
- erster Laserstrahl first laser beam
- 14 14
- zweiter Laserstrahl second laser beam
- 15 15
- Überschneidungszone overlap zone
- 16 16
- erste Oberfläche first surface
- 17 17
- zweite Oberfläche second surface
- 18 18
- Brennpunkt focus
- 19 19
- Normale normal
ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNG QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION
Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.
Zitierte PatentliteraturCited patent literature
- DE 102009046651 A1 [0003] DE 102009046651 A1 [0003]
Claims (16)
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DE102019210668A1 (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2021-01-21 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Steering gear with a multi-part gear made of plastic, which is manufactured by means of laser transmission welding |
DE102021125220A1 (en) | 2021-09-29 | 2023-03-30 | HELLA GmbH & Co. KGaA | Method for producing a gear device for coupling a drive unit and an opening mechanism for opening a movable opening element of a vehicle, series production for producing variants of a gear device and gear device |
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