DE102021125433B4 - Charging device with measuring devices for a traction battery - Google Patents

Abstract

Charging device (1) for charging and/or discharging an electrical energy store (2), which is preferably a traction battery for an electric or hybrid vehicle, the charging device (1) having: a main power path (12) which is connected via a network interface (11) can be connected to a supply network and the energy store (2); a power/control device (20) which is set up to carry out a charging or discharging process of the energy store (2) via the main power path (12); at least one measuring device (30, 40), which has at least one measuring unit (31) and an external interface (38) and is set up to measure one or more electrical variables, preferably current and/or voltage, in the main power path (12). process to create digital metering data and make the metering data available over the outside interface (38); a display unit (23) which is in communication with the external interface (38) of the measuring device (30, 40) and is set up to obtain and display the measurement data of the measuring device (30, 40); wherein the measuring device (30, 40) has a signing/encrypting unit (37) which is set up to partially or completely encrypt and/or sign the measurement data before transmission to the display unit (23).

Description

technical field

The present invention relates to a charging device for charging and/or discharging an electrical energy store, preferably a traction battery for an electric or hybrid vehicle, the charging device having at least one measuring device for measuring electrical quantities, preferably current and/or voltage.

State of the art

Battery systems for electric and hybrid vehicles are charged using external charging devices, such as a wall box. The charging device serves as an interface between the upstream power grid and the vehicle.

In order to be able to understand the energy drawn from the power grid during a charging process and to be able to bill the consumer, it is known to equip the charging device with an energy measuring device that can optionally record the energy flow in accordance with calibration law. The DE 10 2019 006 541 A1 describes such a charging device with an energy meter for electric vehicles.

Different energy measuring devices may be desirable or necessary for a billable charging device, for example for measuring energy on the power grid side, measuring energy for the electric vehicle and/or measuring energy from the charging device to another consumer, for example in a separate network. For this purpose, today's charging devices often use certified/calibration-compliant energy measuring devices that are purchased from the manufacturer of the charging device. Such a purchased energy meter includes a power connection with input and output, an internal energy measuring unit for determining the energy for each direction of energy flow, a processing unit for storing the energy data in accordance with calibration law, a display that conforms with calibration law, an external data interface and an encapsulated, calibration-compliant housing. For automatic billing (meter reading, energy, direction of energy flow), the data interface (wired or wireless) is absolutely necessary for a charging device.

The term "calibration law-compliant" is used to describe the legal, country-specific requirements according to calibration laws, measurement guidelines, billing guidelines, etc. However, the term can also include requirements from energy supply companies, which also usually differ from country to country.

The display integrated in the energy meter must be visible to the customer on wall boxes and other charging devices, for example through a window in the housing. For example, the user should be able to read the counter reading of the charging process, the direction of energy flow, time, charging process ID, etc. on the display. If several purchased energy measuring devices are used, this leads to several calibration law-compliant displays in the charging device. This quickly becomes confusing for the user and may no longer be normatively/legally permissible. With two or more energy measuring devices installed in parallel in one power path, which may be necessary or useful for technical reasons, there would even be several displays for one power path.

For charging devices that comply with calibration law, it is also necessary to combine parameters from different sources - wall box, cloud, energy meter, etc. - for a charging/discharging process in accordance with billing or calibration law. Parameters of this type are, for example, a charging or customer identification number, time, date, measured power, current tariff and the like, which are to be transmitted to and stored in a billing system of the charging device reliably and securely against misuse and manipulation. The query of the energy meters and the customer data should comply with the legal and normative security requirements, which requires a certified computing unit.

In the case of purchased energy meters, the energy meter must be installed in the charging device and the power lines and any data lines must be connected to the energy meter. This is usually done with cables, which leads to additional mechanical work during production. The cables in the charging device also increase the effort required to meet the normative requirements for the charging device and can impair interference immunity.

The data connections within the charging device may also have to be carried out in compliance with calibration law. For this purpose, the data, for example relating to energy measurements by the energy meters, must be securely transferrable, or the charging device itself must be sealed in compliance with calibration law. Another difficulty is the tamper-proof energy acquisition. It must be ensured that manipulation of the power-carrying lines (e.g. by bridging), the internal electrical, mechanical or digital measurement data, the data transmission or data content and the display for the energy display are excluded.

The DE 10 2020 211 761 A1 , post-published prior art according to §3(2) PatG, describes a measured value monitoring display that is designed to check measured data records for their authenticity and integrity and to display a result of this monitoring on a display.

The DE 10 2017 105 014 A1 describes a charging station and method of operation therefor. The WO 2020/249 490 A1 describes a direct current meter for an electric vehicle charging station. The DE 10 2020 134 769 A1 , post-published prior art according to §3(2) PatG, describes a charging station and a method for charging an energy storage device of an electric vehicle. The DE 10 2020 124 154 A1 , post-published prior art according to §3(2) PatG, describes a charging station for electric vehicles with a tamper-proof payment device. The DE 10 2018 216 087 A1 describes a charging connector and a measuring system. The DE 10 2019 108 891 A1 describes a method and a device for assigning a measured value recorded by a charging station to a user.

Presentation of the invention

One object of the present invention is to provide an improved charging device for charging and/or discharging an electrical energy store, preferably a traction battery for an electric or hybrid vehicle.

The object is achieved by a loading device with the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments follow from the dependent claims, the following description of the invention and the description of preferred exemplary embodiments.

The charging device according to the invention is used for charging and/or discharging an electrical energy store, which is preferably a traction battery for an electric or hybrid vehicle.

The charging device has a main power path that can be connected to a supply network and the energy store (preferably of an electric or hybrid vehicle via a charging cable) via a network interface. The supply network is usually an AC network, with the network interface preferably being designed as a high-voltage connection, in particular with one, three or more phases. The term "main power path" includes one or more power lines (in contrast to signal or data lines), which can be occupied in different potential and phase configurations.

The charging device also has a power/control device that is set up to carry out a charging or discharging process of the energy store. For this purpose, the power/control device preferably has a power device with the corresponding power electronics, including, for example, switches (relays), fuses, power converters (AC/DC, DC/DC, DC/AC, AC/AC) and the like.

The charging device has at least one measuring device, which comprises at least one measuring unit and an external interface and is set up to measure and process one or more electrical variables, preferably current and/or voltage, in the main power path through the measuring unit in order to create digital measurement data , and to make the measurement data available via the external interface. In addition to the actual measurement by means of one or more sensors, preferably a current sensor and/or voltage sensor, the measuring device thus takes on at least partial processing of the measured values. The processing can include digitizing the measured values, calculating derived quantities, for example energy and/or power, formatting the data and the like.

The charging device also has a display unit which is in communication with the external interface of the measuring device and is set up to obtain and display the measurement data from the measuring device. The display unit and the measuring device(s) can be in direct or indirect communication. A controller, in particular implemented as a computing unit that conforms to calibration law, is preferably provided as part of the measuring device, which can take over part of the processing of the measured data, storage and the like and then forward it to the display unit.

The power/control device is responsible for the safe charging/discharging process and preferably works independently of the built-in measuring devices. The measuring devices preferably run autonomously and independently of the power/control device, possibly apart from a “charging begins” and “charging complete” command.

According to the invention, the measuring device has a signing/encrypting unit that is set up to partially or completely verify the measurement data before transmission to the display unit encrypt and/or sign. An asymmetric cryptographic method is preferably used in this regard. In the case of signing, the signature on the measurement data to be signed can be created using a private key and the authenticity can be verified using an associated public key from the display unit, the controller or the calibration law-compliant processing unit and/or another external device. The measuring device or essential components thereof are preferably sealed in accordance with calibration law, so that unintentional publication/distribution of the private key and thus manipulation of the data creation and transmission are ruled out. Data integrity/validity can be ensured via a signature.

Accordingly, the display unit has a decryption/checking unit that is set up to decrypt the measurement data obtained from the measuring device or to check their authenticity using a signature. The signature can be attached to the measurement data, for example. Alternatively, the measurement data can be decrypted and/or verified outside of the display unit if a closed, non-manipulable data connection is ensured between them.

The charging device according to the invention allows the measurement of electrical variables and thus the calculation and visualization of information derived therefrom, such as the energy drawn from the power grid during a charging process, in a particularly reliable manner. Due to its protection against manipulation, the device is suitable as a billable charging device. This is realized in a structurally compact and reduced manner, in that displays and possibly further components can be saved.

The measuring device is set up to create measurement data that conforms to calibration law. The at least one measuring device is preferably constructed discretely and/or in compliance with calibration law. The display unit preferably has a display that is set up to display the measurement data in accordance with calibration law.

A discrete structure means that the components of the measuring device(s) in question are designed as individual circuit elements that are individually located or encapsulated in their own housing. The components of the relevant measuring device(s) are integrated into the power path of the charging device, without the power path having to be routed to an "external" energy meter via cable connections.

The elements of the measuring device(s) are preferably spatially grouped in each case in order to enable encapsulation of the respective measuring device (in accordance with calibration law). Since the individual measuring device(s) encapsulated in accordance with calibration law are connected via an encrypted and/or signed data connection, the measuring device(s) can be spatially separated and, if necessary, installed on different assemblies in the charging device. Such a discrete construction of the measuring device(s) may be required for the purpose of compliance with calibration law. For the same reason, the measuring device(s) is/are preferably installed discretely in the charging device.

According to the invention, the display unit is set up to receive and display measurement data that conforms to calibration law and additional data or information that does not have to conform to calibration law. The display of the display unit can thus be used synergistically for calibration law-compliant data and other data, as a result of which displays can be saved and the operation of the charging device can be improved. This ability to bundle information from different sources and requirements is achieved by encrypting and/or signing the measurement data.

For the same reasons, the at least one measuring device preferably does not have its own display. The charging device preferably has exactly one display unit with exactly one display. In this case, the display is a common and possibly spatially separate display.

The measuring unit of the at least one measuring device preferably has a voltage sensor and a current sensor that are set up to detect voltage and current in the main power path, as a result of which a large number of derived, billing-relevant variables can be calculated, in particular in conjunction with a timer.

The measuring device preferably also has: a measured-value recorder with an analog/digital converter, which is set up to digitize the analog measured values of the measuring device; an energy computing unit that is set up to process the measured values digitized by the measured value recorder into measured data, preferably an energy and/or power and/or an active power energy value and/or a reactive power and/or apparent power and/or a power factor and/or a phase shift calculate; and a controller, which is in communication with the energy processing unit and for controlling the signing/encrypting unit and the external interface is set up. The controller of the measuring device is preferably a calibration law-compliant computing unit for calibration law-compliant preparation and provision of the measurement data. The measuring device can be fully encapsulated in accordance with calibration law, or components/assemblies can be individually encapsulated in accordance with calibration law and implemented discretely. The charging device is preferably not encapsulated as a whole in accordance with calibration law.

The measuring device can also have a timer for measuring times and/or periods of time, in order to enable or simplify the determination of time-dependent variables, such as power, for example. In this case, the measured value recorder and the timer are in communication with the energy processing unit.

It should be noted that the term "communication" herein includes both a signal and/or data flow in one direction and a binary or multi-channel data flow. Furthermore, the communication of signals/data can be wireless or wired.

The charging device preferably has a plurality of measuring devices, each with at least one measuring unit and an external interface. The measuring devices are each set up to measure one or more electrical variables, preferably current and/or voltage, using the measuring unit, to process them in order to create digital measurement data, and to make the measurement data available via the corresponding external interface, with the display unit is preferably set up to obtain and display the measurement data from the plurality of measurement devices. The technical effects described above, relating to structural reduction, user-friendliness, etc., come into play particularly in the case of multiple measuring devices.

For the same reason, each of the multiple measuring devices preferably has a signing/encrypting unit that is set up to partially or completely encrypt and/or sign the measured data before transmission to the display unit.

One of the measuring devices is preferably a network-side measuring device, which is arranged in the main power path at the network interface and set up to measure or determine the energy drawn from the supply network and/or the energy fed into the supply network. Alternatively or additionally, one of the measuring devices can be a consumer-side measuring device, which is arranged on the energy storage device, optionally with power electronics connected in between, and is set up to measure or determine the energy feed into the energy storage device and/or the energy purchase from the energy storage device, with the consumer-side Measuring device is preferably set up to measure the current and / or the voltage at a transfer point to the energy store. A charging socket on the charging device for a charging cable or, in the case of a firmly attached charging cable, a charging plug at the end of the charging cable is decisive for the measurement as the transfer point. Alternatively or additionally, one of the measuring devices can be another measuring device that is arranged and set up at an alternative source, preferably a photovoltaic system, and/or at an alternative consumer, preferably a home network, a house battery system or a DC network, in order to To measure or determine energy consumption and/or the corresponding energy feed-in. In this way, the charging device, as an interface between several networks and consumers, can bundle a large amount of information and, if necessary, prepare, provide and visualize it in a billing-compliant manner.

The at least one measuring device is preferably structured as a master/slave with a master measuring device and one or more associated slave measuring devices, with the slave measuring device(s) each having at least one measuring unit with a voltage sensor and/or current sensor and the master measuring device has at least one controller and the external interface and is set up to receive measured values from the one or more slave measuring devices, combine them and at least partially process them. In this way, there is a further structural and functional optimization of the charging device.

In the case of a master/slave structure of the measuring arrangement(s), the master measuring device collects measuring data from the slave measuring device(s) as the central unit and processes the data, preferably in accordance with calibration law. If necessary, the master measuring device takes over the addition for measuring devices measuring in parallel. The master measuring device compiles the data for the display unit, which is preferably compliant with calibration law, and sends it accordingly.

The master measuring device can be set up to encrypt or sign the data to be sent, as a result of which this task can be carried out in a centralized manner for one or more slave measuring devices. The prerequisite for this is that the measured values or measured data are tamper-proof from the slave measuring device(s). (en) can be transferred to the master measuring device.

The master measuring device preferably also has a measured value recorder and/or a timer and/or an energy calculation unit and/or a measured data memory and/or the signing/encrypting unit in order to be able to bundle the relevant tasks and thus carry them out efficiently.

The master measuring device preferably has a measuring unit with a voltage sensor and/or a current sensor, as a result of which the master measuring device can be used synergistically for measuring tasks.

The charging device preferably has a plurality of measuring arrangements, each with a master measuring device or a partial master measuring device and one or more associated slave measuring devices. One of the measuring arrangements can be, for example, a network-side measuring arrangement analogous to the network-side measuring device and another of the measuring arrangements can be a consumer-side measuring arrangement analogous to the consumer-side measuring device. Any sub-master measuring devices are set up to receive the measurement data from the associated slave measuring devices and, if necessary, to process them at least partially, for example to digitize them. A partial master measuring device can be advantageous in order to combine an optional energy measurement from the partial master measuring device with other connected slave measuring devices, preprocess it if necessary and transmit it in bundles to a master measuring device. The partial master measuring device also enables the spatially separated measurement of the energy of a divided power path before it is merged into a more powerful power path. The master measuring device is responsible for recording the measurement data of all measurement arrangements and processes and stores them, for example in accordance with country-specific specifications for energy measurement devices. In addition, the master measuring device can be set up to prepare the necessary data for the display unit and to send the relevant data securely, i.e. encrypted and/or signed, to the display unit. In this way, a structural combination of several measurement arrangements takes place.

In addition, the master metering device can be set up to securely, i.e. signed and/or encrypt, transfer the relevant data for the calibration law-compliant billing of the energy purchase or the energy delivery to the respective metering devices via the external interface to a suitable interface, which data to a external data facility, such as a cloud or a billing center, transmits or receives data from it.

In the case of several measuring arrangements, according to one embodiment, one of the measuring arrangements can have a master measuring device, while the other measuring arrangements each have a partial master measuring device that is in communication with the master measuring device.

The master and slave measuring devices are preferably designed to be discrete and/or conform to calibration law, in order in this way to provide a billable charging device with simultaneous structural optimization.

The master measuring device is preferably set up to enable encrypted and/or signed data exchange with the data device via the external interface, for example for query and billing purposes.

The master or partial master measuring devices and the display unit are preferably paired with one another via private and public keys.

Further advantages and features of the present invention are evident from the following description of preferred exemplary embodiments. The features described therein can be implemented on their own or in combination with one or more of the features set out above, insofar as the features do not contradict one another. The following description of preferred exemplary embodiments is made with reference to the accompanying drawings.

character list

• 1 schematisch den Aufbau einer Ladevorrichtung mit mehreren Messeinrichtungen und einer Leistungs-/Steuereinrichtung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 2 schematisch den Aufbau einer diskret aufgebauten Messeinrichtung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 3 schematisch den Aufbau einer Displayeinheit mit optionalen Komponenten gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 4 schematisch den Aufbau einer Ladevorrichtung mit einer Master-Messeinrichtung, einer Slave-Messeinrichtung und einer externen Displayeinheit gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 5 schematisch den Aufbau einer Ladevorrichtung mit einer Master-Messeinrichtung, mehreren Messanordnungen und einer externen Displayeinheit gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel; und
• 6 schematisch den Aufbau einer Ladevorrichtung mit mehreren Messanordnungen und einer externen Displayeinheit gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel.

Preferred further embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail by the following description of the figures. show:

• 1 schematically shows the structure of a charging device with a plurality of measuring devices and a power/control device according to an exemplary embodiment;
• 2 schematically the structure of a discretely constructed measuring device according to an embodiment;
• 3 schematically the structure of a display unit with optional components according to an embodiment;
• 4 Schematically the structure of a charging device with a master measuring device, a slave measuring device and an external one display unit according to an embodiment;
• 5 schematically shows the structure of a charging device with a master measuring device, a plurality of measuring arrangements and an external display unit according to a further exemplary embodiment; and
• 6 schematically shows the structure of a charging device with several measuring arrangements and an external display unit according to a further exemplary embodiment.

Detailed description of preferred embodiments

Preferred exemplary embodiments are described below with reference to the figures. Elements that are the same, similar or have the same effect are provided with identical reference symbols in the figures, and a repeated description of these elements is sometimes dispensed with in order to avoid redundancy.

The 1 shows schematically the structure of a charging device 1, which is preferably designed as a wall box, with a power / control device 20 and at least one, preferably several measuring devices 30, 40, 50. The blocks shown can be partially or completely integrated in a unit with housing 15 , In particular, the measuring devices 30, 40, 50 can be placed inside or outside of such a housing 15 of the charging device 1. The integration of all measuring devices 30, 40, 50 in the housing 15 of the charging device 1 is advantageous. The function of the power/control device 20 and the measuring devices 30, 40, 50 is preferably possible independently of one another, ie mixing of functions is generally not possible desired and/or not required.

The charging device 1 has a network interface 11 which is set up to draw electrical energy from a supply network, which is usually an AC network. The network interface 11 is designed, for example, as a high-voltage connection, preferably with one, three or more phases.

Power can be obtained from the supply network via the network interface 11 and can be transmitted to the power/control device 20, which is set up to carry out the charging process of an energy store 2, which is preferably a traction battery for an electric or hybrid vehicle. A charging process from an alternative source 3, for example a photovoltaic system or a house battery system, any discharging process of the energy store 2 in order to transfer power from the at least partially charged energy store 2 back to the supply network and/or to an alternative consumer 4, and, if necessary, further functionality also handled via the power / control device 20. The alternative consumer 4 can comprise a separate network, for example a DC network, a home network, a storage battery and the like.

According to the present exemplary embodiment, the power/control device 20 has a power device 21 with the corresponding power electronics, including, for example, switches (relays), fuses, power converters (AC/DC, DC/DC, DC/AC, AC/AC) and the like. Lines for power transmission are in the 1 shown with solid lines between the respective components.

According to the present exemplary embodiment, the charging device 1 has a controller, preferably implemented as a computing unit 24 that does not conform to calibration law, which may be used to forward signed/encrypted data that conforms to calibration law between the measuring devices 30, 40, 50, in particular a master of the energy measuring devices 30, 40 , 50, and a backend and/or a cloud and/or a billing center, referred to herein generally as data facility 5. For this purpose, the data from the energy measuring devices 30, 40, 50 are optionally transmitted from the computing unit 24 to the data device 5 using a suitable protocol, without modifying or altering the data packets from the energy measuring devices 30, 40, 50.

The master of the measuring devices 30, 40, 50 can be implemented in any measuring device 30 or 40 or 50. The master is set up to receive and process measurement data from the measurement devices 30 , 40 , 50 . The master measuring device communicates with the measuring devices 30, 40, 50 via data paths, wireless or wired, in the 1 are shown with dashed lines. The calibration law-compliant controllers 35 in the measuring devices 30, 40, 50 (cf. 2 ) preferably include a certified controller 35, in particular with regard to the structure, code, programming, etc. The configuration of the measuring devices 30, 40, 50 in master and slave measuring devices is described in more detail below.

The arithmetic unit 24 can include a computer, microcontroller or the like and is generally set up for controlling, processing information etc. of the charging device 1 insofar as the tasks do not have to fulfill any requirements that conform to calibration law.

The charging device 1 has a display unit 23 which is set up to display information, for example relating to the meter reading of a charging/discharging process, direction of energy flow, date/time, customer ID, charging ID, current tariff, etc. In a conventional embodiment, each measuring device 30, 40, 50 would have its own encapsulated display for the tamper-proof visualization of information that conforms to calibration law. In the present exemplary embodiment, however, this task is performed by the display unit 23 , which is or has a general display for the charging device 1 . How this can be implemented in a tamper-proof and calibration law-compliant manner is explained below with reference to the 2 until 6 described.

First, however, the description of the basic structure of the charging device 1 according to 1 be completed. It may be useful or necessary to combine information for processing and visualization (customer ID, charge ID, date/time measured power, current tariff, etc.) from different sources and/or transfer it to other places. For this purpose, the computing unit 24 can be in communication with the external data device 5, for example a cloud, a central or decentralized database, external electronics, etc. It should be noted that the term "communication" herein includes both a unidirectional data flow and a binary or multi-channel data flow. Billing-relevant signed/encrypted data from the master energy measuring device 30, 40 or 50 cannot be modified by the processing unit 24, but can be sent using a suitable additional data protocol.

In the present exemplary embodiment, three measuring devices 30, 40, 50 are installed, each of which is set up to detect the current and/or the voltage on the relevant power line(s) and possibly one or more other variables such as energy or power to determine. Below this, a network-side measuring device 30 is provided in a main power path 12 at the network interface 11 in order to detect the energy drawn from the supply network and/or the energy fed into the supply network.

Furthermore, a consumer-side measuring device 40 is provided in the present exemplary embodiment, which is installed at the transfer point 13a of the charging device 1 to the energy storage device 2 in order to detect the energy feed into the energy storage device 2 and/or the energy purchase from the charged or partially charged energy storage device 2, if necessary via a further one Power electronics 2a for the charge control of the energy store 2. Preferably, the energy, including current and/or voltage, is measured at the transfer point 13a from the charging device 1 to the vehicle or its energy store 2. A charging socket on the charging device 1 for a charging cable 13 or, if the charging cable 13e is firmly attached, a charging plug 13b at the end of the charging cable 13 is decisive for the measurement as the transfer point 13a. The measurement can be taken from an AC and/or DC power system. Furthermore, a further measuring device 50 is provided in the present exemplary embodiment, which is installed on the alternative source 3 or the alternative consumer 4 in order to measure the corresponding energy consumption, for example from a photovoltaic system, a house battery system or a DC network, and/or the corresponding energy feed , for example in a storage battery or a DC network to detect.

One, several or all of the measuring devices 30, 40, 50 are preferably constructed discretely, i.e. the components of the relevant measuring device(s) 30, 40, 50 are each designed as an individual circuit element located in its own housing or encapsulated, and thus in particular not realized by integrated circuits. Such a discrete construction of the measuring device(s) 30, 40, 50 may be necessary for the purpose of compliance with calibration law and optimized power management in the charging device 1. For the same reason, the measuring devices 30, 40, 50 are preferably installed discretely in the charging device 1. A further advantage of discretely constructed and installed measuring devices 30, 40, 50 is that the measurement data and the communication of the individual measuring devices 30, 40, 50 can be standardized in accordance with calibration law.

The 2 shows schematically the structure of a discretely constructed measuring device 30, 40, 50 according to an embodiment. Here, the network-side measuring device 30 is used as an example. The consumer-side measuring device 40 and the further measuring device 50 can be constructed in the same way.

The measuring device 30 includes a measuring unit 31 with a voltage sensor 31a and a current sensor 31b, which are set up to detect voltage and current of the corresponding power line, in particular of the main power path 12 . The voltage sensor 31a and/or current sensor 31b can also be connected to a locally remote location, as long as manipulation of the measurement signals is ruled out.

The measuring device 30 also includes at least one sensor 32, the one may have high-precision analog / digital converter. One measured value pick-up 32 is preferably provided for each power path. The measured value recorder 32 and the sensors 31a, 31b communicate, preferably by wire, so that the measured value recorder 32 can record the measurement signals from the sensors 31a, 31b and convert/process them accordingly.

The measuring device 30 preferably has a timer 33 for measuring a period of time, in order to enable the determination of time-dependent variables, such as an amount of energy, for example.

The measured value recorder 32 and the timer 33 are in communication with an energy calculation unit 34 which is set up to use the values from the measured value recorder 32 and the timer 33 and to calculate derived quantities such as an active power energy value. The energy computing unit 34 can be set up to calculate additional or alternative variables, for example reactive power, apparent power, power factor, phase shift and the like. The energy arithmetic unit 34 can, if necessary, use a plurality of measured value pickups 32 as input, in particular in the case of multi-phase AC networks.

Measuring device 30 also has a controller 35, which is used to control other devices, for example for controlling an optional measurement data memory 36 and/or a signing/encryption unit 37 and/or one or more external interfaces 38 and/or a non-volatile meter reading memory 39. Furthermore, the controller 35 organizes any calibration law-compliant processing, storage, signing or encryption of the data in the corresponding memories and/or the sent/received data on the digital bus line(s) of the external interface(s) 38. The bus line(s) or External interface(s) 38 comprise at least one digital bus for data transmission from the measuring device 30. It should be noted that the external interface(s) 38 can be set up for wired and/or wireless data transmission.

The components 32, 34, 35, 36, 37, 39 described above can be combined in any combination in components.

The signing/encryption unit 37 is set up to partially or completely encrypt the data/information to be transmitted via the external interface 38 or to create a signature thereon, so that the authenticity of the data can be checked by the external data device of the display unit 23. An asymmetric cryptographic method is preferably used in this regard. In the case of signing, the signature on the data to be signed can be created using a private key and the authenticity can be verified by the external device using an associated public key. Since the measuring device 30 or essential components thereof are sealed in compliance with calibration law, unintentional publication/distribution of the private key and thus manipulation are ruled out.

The measuring device 30 can optionally have a display in order to display information such as the determined energy/power, a meter reading, etc. Particularly preferably, however, such a measuring device-specific display is dispensed with, and instead the measuring device 30 is in communication with the display unit 23 via the external interface 38 .

The 3 shows schematically the structure of a display unit 23 according to an embodiment. The display unit 23 is set up to display data relevant to calibration law and optionally possible additional data.

For this purpose, the display unit 23 receives the required information via a data connection 23a with one or more data lines and/or wireless data transmission paths. The data connection 23a communicates with a display controller 23b, preferably implemented as a microcontroller. The data connection 23a is identical to the data connection 38 if the display unit 23 is connected directly to a data bus of the corresponding measuring device 30, 40, 50.

The display unit 23 preferably includes a decoding/testing unit 23c, which can be integrated in the display controller 23b or is in communication with the display controller 23b as an external component, preferably in the form of an external IC. The display-side decryption/checking unit 23c is set up to receive data that is in conformity with calibration law and is transmitted by the measuring device 30, to decrypt it and/or to check its authenticity using a signature.

The display unit 23 has a display 23d for displaying the measurement data and any other information in accordance with calibration law. In this way, calibration law-compliant data and less manipulation-critical information can be displayed on one and the same display, which simplifies the construction and operation/use of the charging device 1, while maintaining the same the security and fulfillment of any calibration law-compliant, legal requirements.

The display unit 23 can also have an interface 23e for reading out counter data, which is preferably an optical interface. Optionally, a display 23f, preferably an LED display, can be installed in the display unit 23 for visualizing the current energy flow, for example x pulses/kWh. Furthermore, the display unit 23 can have an input device 23g, which is implemented, for example, by a keyboard, a push button and/or a touch display unit. Alternatively, the display unit 23 can enable the possibility of connecting a keyboard, buttons or a touch display in order to influence the display functions, in particular in order to meet any calibration law-compliant requirements.

Energy supplies for the measuring device(s) 30, 40, 50, the power/control device 20 and the display unit 23, any necessary electrical isolation of data lines and the like are not shown in the figures for the sake of clarity.

For a further structural and functional optimization of the charging device 1, the measuring devices 30, 40, 50 are preferably structured as master/slave measuring arrangements with master measuring device(s) M and slave measuring device(s) S. The master measuring device M takes over, for example, all tasks relevant to billing and/or calibration law, as required by the relevant standards, while the slave measuring devices S take over the actual measuring tasks.

A possible master/slave structuring is in the 2 shown. A master measuring device M can include the measured value recorder 32 , the timer 33 , the energy arithmetic unit 34 , the controller 35 , the measured data memory 36 , the signing/encrypting unit 37 and the external interface 38 . A slave measuring device S can be limited to the measuring unit 31 . In this way, the master measuring device M can obtain measurement data from a number of slave measuring devices S and process them in a correspondingly bundled manner, whereby components of the measuring device(s) 30, 40, 50—for example timer 33, energy processing unit 34, controller 35, measurement data memory 36, signing / encryption unit 37 and external interface 38 - can be saved in the case of several measuring stations. If the slave measuring devices S are not connected to the master measuring device M in a tamper-proof manner, they must also transmit the data to the master measuring device M in a signed and/or encrypted manner.

The division of the components into a master measuring device M and one or more slave measuring devices S is not limited to the exemplary embodiment described above; on the contrary, modifications and variations are possible. For example, the master measuring device M itself can comprise one or more measuring units 31 . Alternatively, the master measuring device M can be a subset of the 2 drawn components or other components/assemblies. In particular, the master measuring device M can be designed as a master controller and only collect the data from the slave measuring devices S and process them further in accordance with calibration law. In this special form, the master measuring device M has no measuring unit 31 . In addition, for example, the measured value recorder 32 and/or timer 33 in the master measuring device M can also be omitted and be part of the slave measuring device(s) S.

In general, the master measuring device M is set up to receive measurement data from the slave measuring device(s) S, combine them if necessary and process them. In particular, the measurement data of a plurality of slave measurement devices S measuring in parallel can thus be suitably combined. The data from the individual slave measuring devices S are queried via a suitable data connection. The data connection can be secure or open; in the latter case, the measurement data can be suitably encrypted and/or signed.

The master measuring device M also takes over the data transmission to the calibration law-compliant power/control device 20 and/or display unit 23. The master measuring device M can also be set up to transmit data, in particular measurement data transmission, from/to the external data device 5, for example cloud, in particular for the data of a charging process and/or a data transmission from/to third sources, for example a wallbox control unit. The master measuring device M can also be set up for any necessary encryption and/or signing of the data and for checking and validating the received data.

The 4 shows schematically the structure of a charging device 1 with two measuring devices M, S, a master measuring device M and a slave measuring device S, which are preferably constructed discretely. In general, according to this embodiment, in the case of n measuring devices, n−1 slave measuring devices S that communicate with a master measuring device M can be installed.

The entirety of a master measuring device M and associated slave measuring devices S communicating with it is also referred to herein as a measuring arrangement 100 . The master measuring device M can be implemented by the measuring device 30, for example, while the slave measuring device S is implemented by the measuring device 40, or vice versa. The master measuring device M and the salvo measuring device S of the measuring arrangement 100 in the exemplary embodiment in FIG 4 preferably measure in independent power paths.

The master measuring device M is thus responsible for acquiring the measurement data of all, including its own, energy measuring points or measuring units 31 . Alternatively, the master measuring device M can also only carry out the tasks that comply with calibration law, without an additional acquisition of measurement data. The master measuring device M is preferably in communication with the controller 24 of the charging device 1 , which is not relevant to calibration law, in order to enable a connection to the external data device 5 .

The slave measuring device(s) S each comprise at least one measuring unit 31 with a voltage sensor 31a and/or a current sensor 31b, cf. 2 . Furthermore, they can each include one or more of the following components: measured value recorder 32, timer 33, energy computing unit 34, controller 35, signing/encryption unit 37, external interface for secure transmission to the corresponding (partial) master measuring device M, TM. A display is not required for the slave measuring device(s) S, but can optionally be controlled via a corresponding external interface. A data flow from the slave measuring devices S to a display or for further processing in a cloud, for example, is not necessary, but possible. The measurement data from the slave measurement devices S are ideally managed by a master measurement device M and processed from there for the display device 23 and possibly for transfer to an external data device 5 .

A slave measuring device S is thus responsible for the measurement data acquisition of one or more measuring arrangements 100 (e.g. 1-phase AC or 3-phase AC) and for providing the required measurement data to an assigned master measuring device M with open or encrypted and/or signed Data. Optionally, the slave measuring device S can also be responsible for measuring one of several current paths of a power unit, so that a parallel measurement can be implemented with divided current paths (these can be spatially so far apart that an extra slave is required for each current path).

The charging device 1 according to the embodiment of 4 also has a display unit 23, which is operated via a controller of the charging device 1, preferably in the form of the computing unit 24 or with a direct data connection, with the information to be visualized. Optionally, data from the master measuring device M can be sent to an external data device 5 for other purposes, for example billing for the charging process.

The 5 shows schematically the structure of a charging device 1 with a master measuring device M for data processing in accordance with calibration law and a plurality of measuring arrangements 100, each of which has a partial master measuring device TM and no, one or more slave measuring devices S. One of the measuring arrangements 100 can, for example, be a network-side measuring arrangement analogous to the network-side measuring device 30 and another of the measuring arrangements 100 can be a consumer-side measuring arrangement analogous to the consumer-side measuring device 40 .

The partial master measurement devices TM are set up to receive the measurement data from the corresponding measurement arrangement 100 and, if necessary, to process them at least partially, for example to digitize them. A partial master measuring device TM can be advantageous in order to combine an optional energy measurement from the partial master measuring device TM with further connected slave measuring devices S, possibly preprocess it and transmit it to the master measuring device M in a bundled form.

The master measuring device M is responsible for acquiring the measurement data of all measurement arrangements 100 and sends this directly via the external interface 38 or via the processing unit 24 to the display unit 23.

The embodiment of 5 thus shows a structural summary of several measuring arrangements 100, for example network-side and/or consumer-side and/or alternative form, preferably with the tasks: compliant collection, processing, storage and transmission of the data per measuring arrangement 100; Displaying the user-relevant data on the display 23d of the display unit 23, the data of one or more measuring arrangements 100 being displayed by the display unit 23, depending on the requirement.

The 6 shows schematically the structure of a charging device 1 with several Messanord 100, each having a (partial) master measuring device M, TM and none, one or more slave measuring devices S. One of the measuring arrangements 100 comprises a master measuring device M, while the other measuring arrangements 100 can each have a partial master measuring device TM which communicates with the master measuring device M. The difference to the embodiment of 5 lies in the fact that the master measuring device M is part of a measuring arrangement 100, and can therefore itself comprise a measuring unit 31 and optionally communicate with slave measuring devices S.

The charging devices 1 presented here offer an integrated, calibration law-compliant solution with one or more measuring arrangements 100, each of which has at least one measuring device M, TM, S, 30, 40, 50, preferably constructed discretely. A billing option that is compliant with calibration law is achieved in a structurally reduced manner by saving displays and possibly other components through a master/slave structure and/or secure or compliant data transmission between the measuring arrangements 100 and a display unit 23 of the charging device 1.

In the case of a master/slave structure of the measuring arrangements 100, a master measuring device M as a central unit collects measurement data from slave measuring device(s) S and/or partial master measuring device(s) TM and processes the data in accordance with calibration law. If necessary, the master measuring device M takes over the addition for measuring devices M, TM, S measuring in parallel 23 are waived) together and send them accordingly.

Alternatively, the display unit 23 can take over calibration law-compliant functions, for example calibration law-compliant data storage. As a result, data storage in the master measuring device M, which is compliant with calibration law, may be omitted.

The master measuring device M can encrypt and/or sign the measurement data to be sent wirelessly or via data lines, which means that there is no need to encapsulate the entire charging device 1 without the information transport between components being able to be manipulated. The measuring devices M, TM, S, 30, 40, 50 can be sealed in accordance with calibration law with one or one sealable cap that can be slipped over and sealed if the components are placed properly.

The master measuring device M is preferably set up to enable encrypted and/or signed data exchange with the data device via the external interface, for example for query and billing purposes.

The master or partial master measuring devices M, TM and the display unit 23 are preferably paired with one another via private and public keys.

The charging device 1 particularly preferably includes exactly one display unit 23, with the data from the measuring devices M, TM, S, 30, 40, 50 being securely transmitted/received and optionally decrypted in the display unit 23 or checked for validity. This enables measurement data to be displayed in compliance with calibration law and at the same time customer-specifically. An interface 23e, preferably an optical interface, and/or a display 23f, preferably an LED, which can be distinguished from the display 23d, can optionally be integrated into the display unit 23 for the output of energy units/pulse (for example 10,000 pulses/kWh). Further individual information or information that conforms to calibration law can be shown on the display 23d, for example price/kWh. The display unit 23 can contain sensors for temperature, brightness, etc. Furthermore, the display unit 23 can output further information via light pulses as required. The display unit 23 can be set up to switch to submenus of the display via any sensors and/or input functions.

The display unit 23 can also be set up to query the measuring devices M, TM, S, 30, 40, 50, with the display unit 23 being responsible for the correct selection and display of the data. In this case, the display unit 23 takes over subtasks of the measuring devices M, TM, S, 30, 40, 50. Furthermore, the display unit 23 can also store data that conforms to calibration law, as described for the measuring devices M, TM, S, 30, 40, 50 , take over.

As far as applicable, all individual features that are presented in the exemplary embodiments can be combined with one another and/or exchanged without departing from the scope of the invention.

Reference List

1

loading device

2

energy storage

2a

power electronics

3

alternate source

4

Alternative Consumer

5

data setup

11

network interface

12

main power path

13

charging cable

13a

transfer point

13b

charging plug

15

Housing

20

power/control device

21

power facility

23

display unit

23a

Data Connection

23b

display controller

23c

decryption/verification unit

23d

screen

23e

interface

23f

Advertisement

23g

input device

24

unit of account

30

measuring device

31

unit of measure

31a

voltage sensor

31b

current sensor

32

transducer

33

timepiece

34

energy unit

35

controllers

36

measurement data storage

37

Signing/Encryption Unit

38

external interface

40

measuring device

50

measuring device

100

measuring arrangement

M

master measuring device

TM

partial master measuring device

S

Slave measuring device

Claims (13)

Charging device (1) for charging and/or discharging an electrical energy store (2), which is preferably a traction battery for an electric or hybrid vehicle, the charging device (1) having: a main power path (12) which is connected via a network interface (11) can be connected to a supply network and the energy store (2); a power/control device (20) which is set up to carry out a charging or discharging process of the energy store (2) via the main power path (12); at least one measuring device (30, 40), which has at least one measuring unit (31) and an external interface (38) and is set up to measure one or more electrical variables, preferably current and/or voltage, in the main power path (12). process to create digital metering data and make the metering data available over the outside interface (38); a display unit (23) which is in communication with the external interface (38) of the measuring device (30, 40) and is set up to obtain and display the measurement data of the measuring device (30, 40); wherein the measuring device (30, 40) has a signing/encrypting unit (37) which is set up to partially or fully encrypt and/or sign the measurement data before transmission to the display unit (23), the display unit (23 ) has a decryption/checking unit (23c) which is set up to decrypt the measurement data obtained from the measuring device (30, 40) and/or to check their authenticity using a signature, and the measuring device (30, 40) is set up to create measurement data that conforms to calibration law, characterized in that the display unit (23) is set up to receive and display measurement data that conforms to calibration law and additional data. Charger (1) after claim 1 characterized in that the measuring device (30, 40) is constructed discretely and/or in accordance with calibration law, the display unit (23) preferably having a display (23d) which is set up to display the measurement data in accordance with calibration law. Loading device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring device (30, 40) does not have its own display. Loading device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring unit (31) of the measuring device (30, 40) has at least one voltage sensor (31a) and at least one current sensor (31b), which are set up to detect voltage and current in the main power path (12). Charging device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measuring device (30, 40) also has: a measured value recorder (32) with an analog/digital converter which is set up to convert the analog measured values of the measuring device (30, 40) to digitize; an energy computing unit (34), which is set up to process the measured values digitized by the measured value sensor (32) into the measured data, preferably an energy and/or power and/or an active power energy value and/or a reactive power and/or apparent power and/or a calculate power factor and/or a phase shift; and a controller (35), which is in communication with the energy computing unit (34) and is set up to control the signing/encryption unit (37) and the external interface (38), the controller (35) preferably also for processing in accordance with calibration law of the measurement data is set up. Charging device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has a plurality of measuring devices (30, 40, 50), each with at least one measuring unit (31) and an external interface (38), which are each set up to one or more electrical to measure variables, preferably current and/or voltage, to process them in order to create digital measurement data and to make the measurement data available via the external interface (38); wherein the display unit (23) is preferably set up to obtain and display the measurement data from the plurality of measurement devices (30, 40, 50); each of the measuring devices (30, 40, 50) preferably having a signing/encrypting unit (37) which is set up to partially or completely encrypt and/or sign the corresponding measurement data before transmission to the display unit (23). Charger (1) after claim 6 , characterized in that one of the measuring devices (30, 40, 50) is a grid-side measuring device (30), which is arranged in the main power path (12) at the grid interface (11) and set up to measure the energy drawn from the supply grid and/or the to determine energy feed into the supply network; and/or one of the measuring devices (30, 40, 50) is a consumer-side measuring device (40), which is arranged on the energy store (2) and set up to measure the energy feed into the energy store (2) and/or the energy purchase from the energy store ( 2) to determine, wherein the consumer-side measuring device (40) is preferably set up to measure the current and / or the voltage at a transfer point (13a) to the energy store (2); and/or one of the measuring devices (30, 40, 50) another measuring device (50) connected to an alternative source (3), preferably a photovoltaic system, and/or to an alternative consumer (4), preferably a home network, a home battery system or a DC network, is arranged and set up in order to determine the corresponding energy consumption and/or the corresponding energy feed-in. Loading device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one measuring device (30, 40) is structured as a master/slave with a master measuring device (M) and one or more associated slave measuring devices (S), wherein the slave measuring devices (S) each have at least one measuring unit (31) with a voltage sensor (31a) and/or current sensor (31b) and the master measuring device (M) has at least one controller (35) and the external interface (38) and is set up to receive measured values of the one or more slave measuring devices (S), summarize and at least partially process them. Charger (1) after claim 8 , characterized in that the master measuring device (M) also has a measured value recorder (32) and/or timer (33) and/or an energy calculation unit (34) and/or a measurement data memory (36) and/or the signing/encrypting unit ( 37). Charger (1) after claim 9 , characterized in that the master measuring device (M) has a measuring unit (31) with a voltage sensor (31a) and/or a current sensor (31b). Loading device (1) according to one of Claims 8 until 10 , characterized in that the loading device (1) has a plurality of measuring arrangements (100), each with a master measuring device (M) or a partial master measuring device (TM) and one or more associated slave measuring devices (S). Loading device (1) according to one of Claims 8 until 11 , characterized in that the master and slave measuring devices (M, S) are constructed discretely and/or in conformity with calibration law. Charging device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the charging device (1) is not encapsulated as a whole in accordance with calibration law and/or has exactly one display unit (23) with exactly one display (23d).

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