DE102021124912A1 - CHARGING STATION AND SYSTEM WITH MULTIPLE CHARGING STATIONS - Google Patents

Abstract

A charging station for charging an energy store of an electric vehicle is proposed, which has:
a switching device that is set up to open and close the phases and the neutral conductor of the charging station,
a fault current sensor assigned to the phases and the neutral conductor, which is set up to detect a fault current with a direct current component and an alternating current component,
a first unit which is set up to detect sinusoidal alternating residual currents and pulsating direct residual currents as a function of the fault current detected and, depending thereon, to provide a first control signal for controlling the switching device to open the phases and the neutral conductor,
a second unit, which is set up to detect DC fault currents as a function of the detected fault current and, depending thereon, to provide a second control signal for controlling the switching device to open the phases and the neutral conductor, and
a control device for controlling components of the charging station, which is set up to provide a third control signal for controlling the switching device to open the phases and the neutral conductor.

Description

TECHNICAL AREA

The invention relates to a charging station for charging an energy store of an electric vehicle with electrical energy using a multi-phase network that can be coupled to the charging station. Furthermore, the invention relates to a system with a plurality of such charging stations.

STATE OF THE ART

The present technical field relates to charging an energy store of an electric vehicle. The European patent describes this, for example EP 2 882 607 B1 of the applicant, a charging station for electric vehicles, with at least one input interface for feeding electrical energy from a stationary power supply network into the charging station, with a connection socket for connecting a charging plug of an electric vehicle for the controlled delivery of electrical energy to the electric vehicle, with a plurality of electrotechnical components an electronic control device for switching, measuring or monitoring the electrical energy consumed and/or emitted, and with a housing enclosing the electrotechnical components.

Different charging methods are known for electric vehicles, for example there are rapid charging methods in which the charging station provides the electric vehicle with direct voltage/current (DC), or alternatively alternating current charging methods in which the electric vehicle is supplied with single-phase or multi-phase, in particular two-phase or three-phase, alternating current (AC) is made available, which the charging vehicle converts into direct current for the energy storage device to be charged using a built-in AC/DC converter. With the AC charging process, a charging logic in the vehicle or the energy storage device controls the charging process.

Other conventional solutions are from the documents EP 3 664 244 A1 , EP 3 729 593 A1 , DE 11 2013 007 137 T5 , EP 2 465 176 B1 , DE 10 2016 212 135 A1 , DE 10 2017 100 138 A1 , WO 2020/167132 A1 and DE 10 2009 060 364 A1 known.

The patent also describes EP 2 571 128 B1 an electrical protective device for a charging station, which has a type A residual current protective device and a monitoring device to ensure the correct functioning of the type A residual current protective device. The monitoring device to ensure the function of the type A residual current protective device is connected in series with this type A residual current protective device. The type A residual current protective device has a disconnection device for opening the phases and the neutral conductor. The electrical protective device also includes a measuring current transformer circuit for detecting a residual DC current, an evaluation unit for processing the signal detected by the measuring current transformer circuit, a further switch-off device and a communication interface which is connected to the output of the evaluation unit and contains a relay output for controlling the further switch-off device.

Thus, the electrical protection device of EP 2 571 128 B1 two separate devices connected in series for opening the phases and neutral, each with a dedicated disconnecting device.

DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

It is an object of the present invention to create an improved charging station for charging an energy store of an electric vehicle.

The task is solved by a charging station with the features of claim 1.

• eine Schaltvorrichtung, insbesondere eine einzige Schaltvorrichtung, welche zum Öffnen und Schließen der Phasen und des Neutralleiters der Ladestation eingerichtet ist,
• einen den Phasen und dem Neutralleiter zugeordneten Fehlerstromsensor, insbesondere einen einzigen Fehlerstromsensor, welcher zum Erfassen eines zeitlich veränderlichen Fehlerstroms mit Gleichstromanteil und Wechselstromanteil eingerichtet ist,
• eine erste Einheit, welche zum Detektieren von sinusförmigen Wechselfehlerströmen und pulsierenden Gleichfehlerströmen in Abhängigkeit des erfassten Fehlerstroms und abhängig davon zum Bereitstellen eines ersten Ansteuersignals zum Ansteuern der Schaltvorrichtung zum Öffnen der Phasen und des Neutralleiters eingerichtet ist,
• eine zweite Einheit, welche zum Detektieren von Gleichfehlerströmen in Abhängigkeit des erfassten Fehlerstroms und abhängig davon zum Bereitstellen eines zweiten Ansteuersignals zum Ansteuern der Schaltvorrichtung zum Öffnen der Phasen und des Neutralleiters eingerichtet ist, und
• eine Steuervorrichtung zum Steuern von Komponenten der Ladestation, welche zum Bereitstellen eines dritten Ansteuersignals zum Ansteuern der Schaltvorrichtung zum Öffnen der Phasen und des Neutralleiters eingerichtet ist.

According to a first aspect, a charging station for charging an energy store of an electric vehicle with electrical energy by means of a multi-phase network that can be coupled to the charging station is proposed, which has:

• a switching device, in particular a single switching device, which is set up to open and close the phases and the neutral conductor of the charging station,
• a fault current sensor assigned to the phases and the neutral conductor, in particular a single fault current sensor, which is set up to detect a fault current that varies over time with a direct current component and an alternating current component,
• a first unit which is set up to detect sinusoidal alternating residual currents and pulsating direct residual currents as a function of the fault current detected and, depending thereon, to provide a first control signal for controlling the switching device to open the phases and the neutral conductor,
• a second unit, which for detecting DC fault currents depending on the detected fault current and depending on the providing a second control signal for controlling the switching device for opening the phases and the neutral conductor, and
• a control device for controlling components of the charging station, which is set up to provide a third control signal for controlling the switching device to open the phases and the neutral conductor.

In the present charging station, only a single residual current sensor and a single switch-off device, for example a contactor, are advantageously used to detect sinusoidal alternating residual currents, pulsating direct residual currents and direct residual currents and to switch off the phases and the neutral conductor when a fault is detected. In addition, this single switch-off device is also used by the functional controller, which is designed in particular as part of the control device.

The fault current sensor can also be referred to as an all-current sensitive fault current sensor. The switching device can also be referred to as a switching element. The switching device is preferably designed in such a way that, in the event of a mains voltage failure, it opens, in particular automatically, and can thus establish a safe state.

Examples of the electrical and/or electronic components of the charging station include the switching device, for example a contactor or relay, connection terminals, electronic circuits, the residual current sensor, a communication module, a communication interface, a user interface, an EMC filter and at least one power supply. The control device comprises, for example, a printed circuit board on which a plurality of electronic components for controlling and/or measuring and/or monitoring the energy states at the charging station or in the connected electric vehicle are arranged, as well as an authentication device such as an RFID/NFC reader/Bluetooth module or an automated authorization process via high-level communication, in particular according to the ISO15118 standard, or according to the plug-and-charge principle and the like.

The third control signal is generated in particular as a function of vehicle authentication and/or vehicle verification and/or user authentication and/or user verification, as a function of overcurrent monitoring and/or as a function of correct connection of the charging cable to the electric vehicle and/or to the charging station. The vehicle authentication and/or vehicle verification and/or user authentication and/or user verification ensures that only a valid user or an electric vehicle known to the charging station is allowed to charge at the charging station. One or more of the following technologies can be used for vehicle authentication and/or vehicle verification and/or user authentication and/or user verification: RFID, Bluetooth, code entry, fingerprint reader, vein scanner. An electric vehicle can, for example, transmit its ID via high-level communication, in particular ISO 15118, or according to the plug-and-charge principle.

With regard to overcurrent monitoring, PWM mode (PWM; pulse-width modulation) can be used, for example, to monitor when the electric vehicle draws more current from the charging station than it receives from the charging station via PWM. Alternatively, ISO 15118 can be used to detect when the electric vehicle does not adhere to a negotiated charging plan. Correct connection of the charging cable to the electric vehicle and/or to the charging station can be detected, for example, by means of a plug-present sensor and/or a charge pilot signal and/or the locking detection unit.

Furthermore, the charging station can in particular have an energy measuring unit which is set up to measure the amount of energy drawn from the electric vehicle. In addition, a billing unit can also be provided in particular, which bills the user or customer for the energy consumed by the electric vehicle.

The charging station has, for example, a housing, in particular a waterproof housing, with an interior space in which the electrical and/or electronic components are arranged.

The charging station can also be referred to as a charging connection device. The charging station is designed in particular as a wall box. The charging station is suitable for charging or regenerating the energy store of an electric vehicle in that the charging station is electrically connected to the energy store or the charging electronics of the electric vehicle via its connection socket and the charging plug of the electric vehicle. The charging station acts as a source of electrical energy for the electric vehicle, with the electrical energy being able to be transferred to an energy store in the electric vehicle by means of a connection socket and charging plug. The charging station can also be used as a smart charging station for electric vehicles.

The multiphase network is, for example, a multiphase subscriber network. The multi-phase network can also be a multi-phase power supply network. In particular, the polyphase network has a number of phases, for example L1, L2 and L3, and a neutral conductor (also denoted by N).

According to one embodiment, the charging station includes a control circuit which is set up to control the switching device, if at least one of the control signals is provided, in such a way that it opens the phases and the neutral conductor of the charging station.

The control circuit is preferably set up to control the switching device, if at least one of the control signals is provided, by means of an opening signal in such a way that it opens the phases and the neutral conductor of the charging station.

According to a further embodiment, the control device of the charging station is set up to transmit the opening signal, if at least one of the control signals is provided, via the communication interface to the electric vehicle, by means of which a switching device installed in the electric vehicle, for example a DC vehicle contactor, can be opened.

This means that if, in the event of a fault, the switching element and/or the further switching element is opened by the opening signal, this opening signal is also transmitted via the communication interface to the electric vehicle, which then opens the DC vehicle contactor installed in the electric vehicle. This ensures that the charging cable is potential-free both on the part of the charging station, in particular the network, and on the part of the electric vehicle, in particular the battery located around the electric vehicle.

The control circuit accordingly controls the switching device to open the phases and the neutral conductor when one or more of the control signals is provided or set. A provided control signal is therefore sufficient to open the phases and the neutral conductor of the charging station and to create a safe state.

In accordance with a further embodiment, the drive circuit comprises a wired-OR link which ORs the first drive signal, the second drive signal and the third drive signal.

• zumindest vier eingangsseitige Anschlussklemmen zum Koppeln der Phasen und des Neutralleiters des mehrphasigen Netzes, und
• ausgangsseitige Anschlussklemmen, an welche entweder ein Ladekabel für Elektrofahrzeuge direkt angeschlagen ist, oder eine Anschlussbuchse mit einer Anzahl von Kopplungspunkten zum Anschließen eines Ladekabels des Elektrofahrzeuges.

According to a further embodiment, the charging station comprises:

• at least four input-side connection terminals for coupling the phases and the neutral conductor of the polyphase network, and
• output-side connection terminals to which either a charging cable for electric vehicles is attached directly, or a connection socket with a number of coupling points for connecting a charging cable of the electric vehicle.

According to a further embodiment, the first unit is set up to emulate a type A residual current circuit breaker, in particular according to standard 61008-1.

In the present case, emulation of a type A residual current circuit breaker is to be understood in particular as emulating the type A residual current circuit breaker, for example emulating the error analysis functionality of the type A residual current circuit breaker in software.

In particular, the first unit and/or the second unit are designed as part of the control device. For example, the first unit and the second unit are implemented in software. Alternatively, the first and/or the second unit can be in the form of an FPGA or an ASIC.

According to a further embodiment, the second unit is set up to be a direct current detection device, preferably a residual direct current detection device in accordance with the IEC 62955 standard, particularly preferably a residual direct current monitoring device in accordance with the IEC 62955 standard , to emulate.

In the present case, emulating a direct current detection device means, in particular, simulating the direct current detection device, for example the residual direct current detection device in accordance with the IEC 62955 standard or the residual direct current monitoring device in accordance with the IEC 62955 standard, in software to understand.

According to another embodiment, the charging station comprises a module that integrates the first unit and the second unit and is adapted to have a type B residual current circuit breaker, in particular according to standard EN 61008-1 and/or according to standard EN 62423 train error protection. The module of the present embodiment accordingly forms or simulates the fault protection of the type B residual current circuit breaker, for example in accordance with standard EN 61008-1 or in accordance with standard EN 62423. The module is, for example, part of the Control device formed. The module can be implemented in software and/or in hardware.

According to a further embodiment, the charging station includes a current measuring device for measuring the current flowing on the phases in the direction of flow to the electric vehicle. The current measuring device is a useful current sensor.

According to a further embodiment, the switching device is designed as a contactor, as a four-phase relay or by four relays for the three phases and the neutral conductor.

According to a further embodiment, the charging station includes a test unit which is set up to inject and evaluate a test current in at least one of the phases, in the neutral conductor and/or in a separate test winding of the residual current sensor.

According to a further embodiment, the test unit is set up to be triggered for testing by means of a test command for simulating a pressing of a test button.

The test command is in particular a software command, by means of which the test unit can be triggered in such a way that it triggers the testing and thus the injection of the test current. The test command thus emulates the test button known from conventional type A residual current circuit breakers. The conventional mechanical test button is therefore advantageously not necessary, particularly in this embodiment.

For example, the test command can be generated via any form of backend and transmitted to the charging station. An example of this is when a user transmits the test command to the charging station via a smartphone app. According to a further example, the operator of the charging station transmits the test command at regular intervals via his server to the charging station coupled to the server. According to a further example, the charging station always terminates a charging process by completely testing the safety chain and sending a current to the test unit via a software command from the control device. The test unit then injects the test current, the test current is detected by the sensor and the contactor is tripped. As a result, a test with an actual current flow interruption is preferably always carried out at the end of the charging process.

According to a further embodiment, the charging station comprises an electromechanical system for mechanically displaying the switching position of the switching device. The electromechanics include a bezel controlled via an electrical coupling of the feedback contacts of the switching device, which follows the switch position of the switching device, and a visual indicator controlled by the bezel for indicating the switch position.

The visual display device includes, for example, two LEDs that light up green and red. The panel always covers one of the two LEDs. The LED not covered by the bezel is visible to the user. Due to the electrical coupling of the panel with the feedback contacts of the switching device, the panel always follows the switching position of the switching device. As a result, the screen controls the visual display device and shows, in particular by means of the colors red and green, the switching position of the switching device, for example the contactor.

According to a further embodiment, the electromechanics are coupled to an energy store, so that the electromechanics are suitable for maintaining the display of the switching position of the switching device for a predetermined time even when the charging station is in a de-energized state. The energy store is designed as a battery, for example.

For example, an electrical coupling of a mechanical display (e.g. a bistable lifting magnet with a color coding (red/green) on the armature) and a screen, which only shows one color at a time, are provided on the feedback contacts of the switching device in combination with an energy storage device which, in the event of a failure of the supply ensures that the switching device is monitored for a while and the display takes place. The final state of the relay is open when de-energized, unless it is welded, in which case it remains stably closed - both are feasible with a limited energy store.

According to a further embodiment, the test current is a pulsed, high-frequency alternating current which has a frequency of 1 to 5 kHz and a maximum duration of 10 ms. The test current is thus designed in particular in such a way that it is not interpreted as a fault current. The test current is in particular a signal that cannot occur in practice and therefore cannot be interpreted as an error.

• durch einen Summenstrom-Wandler zum Bereitstellen des zeitlich veränderlichen Fehlerstroms, oder
• durch vier Stromwandler für die drei Phasen und den Neutralleiter zum Bereitstellen eines jeweiligen Ausgangssignals und eine den vier Stromwandlern nachgeschaltete Addiereinheit zum Bereitstellen des zeitlich veränderlichen Fehlerstroms durch Addition der von den vier Stromwandlern bereitgestellten Ausgangssignale.

According to a further embodiment, the fault current sensor is designed:

• by a summation current converter to provide the fault current that varies over time, or
• by four current transformers for the three phases and the neutral conductor for providing a respective output signal and an adder unit downstream of the four current transformers for providing the fault current that varies over time by adding the output signals provided by the four current transformers.

According to a further embodiment, the charging station comprises a communication module which is set up either to specify an energy consumption quantity for the electric vehicle by means of PWM signals or to negotiate a charging plan with charging electronics of the electric vehicle coupled to the charging station in accordance with ISO 15118. Negotiation takes place as described in ISO 15118. For example, the charging electronics of the energy store requests a certain charging power via the communication module from the charging station and the charging station, for example the control device of the charging station, determines whether the requested charging power can be provided. A current state of the subscriber network and/or the power supply network is taken into account in particular. If the requested charging power cannot be provided, the charging station can make a "counter-suggestion" via the communication module, which can be accepted by the charging electronics of the energy storage device, or the charging electronics can make its own request again. In this way, the charging station and the charging electronics communicate until the charging plan is negotiated. Negotiating the charging plan can be part of the pairing process when a battery is reconnected to the charging station.

• eine Kommunikationsschnittstelle, welche dazu eingerichtet ist, Daten mit einem Endgerät des Benutzers und/oder einem Server, welcher insbesondere die Ladestation verwaltet, auszutauschen,
• eine Benutzerschnittstelle für Eingaben eines Benutzers und/oder für Ausgaben an den Benutzer, und/oder
• ein Netzteil, welches dazu eingerichtet ist, eine über die Phasen bereitgestellte Wechselspannung in eine vorbestimmte Gleichspannung für die Steuervorrichtung und/oder die Komponenten der Ladestation bereitzustellen.

According to a further embodiment, the charging station has:

• a communication interface which is set up to exchange data with a terminal device of the user and/or a server which in particular manages the charging station,
• a user interface for input from a user and/or for output to the user, and/or
• a power pack which is set up to convert an AC voltage provided via the phases into a predetermined DC voltage for the control device and/or the components of the charging station.

The respective unit, for example the first unit or the second unit, can be implemented in terms of hardware and/or software. In the case of a hardware implementation, the unit can be designed as a device or as part of a device, for example as a computer or as a microprocessor or as part of the control device. In the case of a software implementation, the unit can be embodied as a computer program product, as a function, as a routine, as part of a program code or as an executable object.

According to a second aspect, a system is proposed with a plurality N of charging stations (with N>2), the respective charging station being designed according to the first aspect or one of the embodiments of the first aspect.

According to a development, the N charging stations are connected by means of a star connection to a single circuit breaker, which is coupled to the grid connection point. By designing the charging station according to the first aspect or according to one of the embodiments of the first aspect, it is possible to couple the N charging stations by means of the star connection and to secure them with a single circuit breaker from the grid connection point.

According to a third aspect, a method for ensuring fault protection in a charging station without upstream installation of an RCD type A or B is proposed, in which in the charging station in a first unit in the charging station AC faults and clocked DC faults in the measurement signals of the current measurement sensor are detected, and in the event of an error, the first switch-off signal opens the switching device, a second unit in the charging station detects DC errors in the measurement signals of the current measuring sensor and, in the event of an error, opens the switching device using the second switch-off signal, a control device in the charging station which monitors the authenticity of the user and/or the electric vehicle , and/or monitors the connection of the charging station to the electric vehicle, including the locking between plug and socket, and/or controls the amount of energy actually drawn from the electric vehicle in the case of PWM communication with the electric vehicle (and switches off if the amount of energy is too high), or with ISO 15118 (or high-level communication) controls the amount of energy actually drawn from the electric vehicle (and switches off if the amount of energy is too high) and/or does not start charging if there is no communication between the electric vehicle and the charging station can be built.

According to a further embodiment, the test of the current error devices can be performed by a software command at any time.

According to a further embodiment, the test of the current error devices is carried out by the control device at the end of the charging process triggered by a software command. This checks the entire switch-off chain.

According to a further embodiment, the control device controls a test signal so that the residual current sensors and the first unit and the second unit can be tested during operation without a switch-off process being indicated.

The embodiments described for the proposed charging station apply accordingly to the proposed method. Furthermore, the definitions and explanations for the charging station also apply accordingly to the proposed method.

"A" is not necessarily to be understood as being limited to exactly one element. Rather, a plurality of elements, such as two, three or more, can also be provided. Any other count word used here should also not be understood to mean that there is a restriction to precisely the stated number of elements. Rather, numerical deviations upwards and downwards are possible, unless otherwise stated.

Further possible implementations of the invention also include combinations of features or embodiments described above or below with regard to the exemplary embodiments that are not explicitly mentioned. The person skilled in the art will also add individual aspects as improvements or additions to the respective basic form of the invention.

• 1 zeigt schematisch eine Anordnung mit einer ersten Ausführungsform einer Ladestation und einem Elektrofahrzeug;
• 2 zeigt ein schematisches Schaltbild einer zweiten Ausführungsform einer Ladestation zum Laden eines Energiespeichers eines Elektrofahrzeuges;
• 3 zeigt ein schematisches Schaltbild einer dritten Ausführungsform einer Ladestation zum Laden eines Energiespeichers eines Elektrofahrzeuges;
• 4 zeigt ein schematisches Schaltbild einer vierten Ausführungsform einer Ladestation zum Laden eines Energiespeichers eines Elektrofahrzeuges; und
• 5 zeigt ein schematisches Schaltbild einer fünften Ausführungsform einer Ladestation zum Laden eines Energiespeichers eines Elektrofahrzeuges.

Further advantageous refinements and aspects of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims and of the exemplary embodiments of the invention described below. The invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of preferred embodiments with reference to the enclosed figures.

• 1 shows schematically an arrangement with a first embodiment of a charging station and an electric vehicle;
• 2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a second embodiment of a charging station for charging an energy store of an electric vehicle;
• 3 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a third embodiment of a charging station for charging an energy store of an electric vehicle;
• 4 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a fourth embodiment of a charging station for charging an energy store of an electric vehicle; and
• 5 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a fifth embodiment of a charging station for charging an energy store of an electric vehicle.

Elements that are the same or have the same function have been provided with the same reference symbols in the figures, unless otherwise stated.

1 shows schematically an arrangement with a first embodiment of a charging station 1 and an electrical energy store 2 of an electric vehicle 3.

In the example of 1 a multi-phase subscriber network 4 is connected to a multi-phase power supply network 7 by means of a network connection point 6 . The multi-phase subscriber network 4 has, in particular, a number of phases, for example L1, L2 and L3, and a neutral conductor N. In this example, without restricting the generality, it is a question of three-phase power networks. The electric vehicle 3 is connected by means of a charging cable 5, which is connected to a connection socket (not shown in Fig 1 , see for example in 2 ) of charging station 1 is connected to charging station 1.

The charging station 1 can have a number of electrical and/or electronic components (not shown in 1 , see for example in 2 ) and is set up to charge the energy store 2 of the electric vehicle 3 with electrical energy by means of the multi-phase subscriber network 4 coupled to the charging station 1 .

2 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a second embodiment of a charging station 1 for charging an energy store 2 of an electric vehicle 3. The second embodiment of the charging station 1 of FIG 2 includes all features of the first embodiment of the charging station 1 after 1 .

The charging station 1 of 2 has four input-side terminals 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d for coupling the phases L1, L2, L3 and the neutral conductor N of the polyphase network 4. In particular, the charging station 1 also has a further terminal (not shown) for the PE conductor.

On the output side, the charging station 1 has a connection socket 15 with a number of coupling points for connecting the charging cable 5 of the electric vehicle 3.

Between the terminals 10a, 10b, 10c, 10d and the connector socket 15 are a Current measuring device 17, a switching device 8 and a residual current sensor 9 coupled.

The current measuring device 17 is a useful current sensor and is set up to measure the electric current flowing on the phases L1 , L2 , L3 in the flow direction to the electric vehicle 3 .

The switching device 8 is suitable for opening and closing the phases L1, L2, L3 and the neutral conductor N of the charging station 1. In particular, the charging station 1 has only a single switching device 8. The switching device 8 is, for example, a contactor or a four-phase relay. Alternatively, the switching device 8 can be formed by four relays for the three phases L1, L2, L3 and the neutral conductor N.

The fault current sensor 9 is assigned to the phases L1, L2, L3 and the neutral conductor N and is set up to detect a fault current F that varies over time and has a direct current component and an alternating current component. The residual current sensor 9 is a summation current transformer, for example.

Furthermore, the charging station 1 includes the 2 a first unit 11, a second unit 12 and a control device 13. The control device 13 is in particular the central control device of the charging station 1 for controlling the electrical and/or electronic components of the charging station 1. The first unit 11 and the second unit 12 can - like in 2 shown - be formed externally to the control device 13 . Alternatively, the first unit 11 and the second unit 12 are designed as part of the control device 13 .

The first unit 11 is designed to detect sinusoidal alternating residual currents and pulsating direct residual currents as a function of the detected fault current F and, depending thereon, to provide a first control signal A1 for controlling the switching device 8 to open the phases L1, L2, L3 and the neutral conductor N. In this case, the first unit 11 is preferably set up to emulate a type A residual current circuit breaker, preferably in accordance with standard 61008-1.

The second unit 12 is set up to detect DC fault currents as a function of the detected fault current F and, depending thereon, to provide a second control signal A2 for controlling the switching device 8 to open the phases L1, L2, L3 and the neutral conductor N.

The second unit 12 is preferably set up to connect a direct current detection device, preferably a residual direct current detection device according to the IEC 62955 standard, particularly preferably a residual direct current monitoring device according to the IEC 62955 standard emulate.

Furthermore, the control device 13 is set up to provide a third control signal A3 for controlling the switching device 8 for opening the phases L1, L2, L3 and the neutral conductor N. The control device 13 generates the third control signal A3 in particular depending on a vehicle authentication and/or vehicle verification and/or user authentication and/or user verification, depending on an overcurrent monitoring and/or depending on a correct connection of the charging cable 5 to the electric vehicle 3 and/or to the charging station 1.

The charging station 1 also includes a control circuit 14. The control circuit 14 is set up to control the switching device 8, if at least one of the control signals A1, A2, A3 is provided, by means of an opening signal O in such a way that the phases L1, L2, L3 and opens the neutral conductor N of charging station 1. In other words, the control circuit 14 controls the switching device 8 to open the phases L1, L2, L3 and the neutral conductor N when one or more of the control signals A1, A2, A3 is provided or set. For this purpose, for example, the drive circuit 14 comprises a WIRED-OR operation which ORs the first drive signal A1, the second drive signal A2 and the third drive signal A3.

Furthermore, the charging station 1 preferably has an electromechanical system (not shown) for mechanically displaying the switching position of the switching device 8 . The electromechanics include a shutter controlled via an electrical coupling of the feedback contacts of the switching device 8, which follows the switching position of the switching device 8, and a visual display device controlled by the shutter for displaying the switching position of the switching device 8. The visual display device comprises, for example, two LEDs which are green and glow red. The bezel always covers one of the two LEDs, while the LED not covered by the bezel is visible to the user. Due to the electrical coupling of the panel with the feedback contacts of the switching device 8, the panel always follows the switching position of the switching device 8. The panel controls the visual display device in such a way that it shows the user the switching position of the switching device 8 using the colors red and green.

Preferably, the electromechanics is coupled to an energy store in such a way that the Electromechanics can also maintain the display of the switching position of the switching device 8 for a predetermined time in the de-energized state of the charging station 1.

Furthermore, the charging station 1 of 2 a communication module 19. The communication module 19 is set up either to specify an energy consumption quantity for the electric vehicle 3 by means of PWM signals or to negotiate a charging plan with charging electronics of the electric vehicle 3 coupled to the charging station 1 in accordance with ISO 15118.

In addition, the charging station 1 includes the 2 a communication interface 20. The communication interface 20 is set up to exchange data with a terminal device of the user and/or a server which manages the charging station 1 in particular. The user can in particular authenticate and/or verify himself via the end device.

Furthermore, the charging station 1 of 2 a user interface 21 for input from the user and/or for output to the user. For example, the user interface 21 includes a touch screen. In addition, at least one power pack 22 is provided, which is set up to convert an AC voltage provided via the phases L1, L2, L3 into a predetermined DC voltage for the control device 13 and/or the other components of the charging station 1.

In 3 a schematic circuit diagram of a third embodiment of a charging station 1 for charging an energy store 2 of an electric vehicle 3 is shown. The third embodiment of the charging station 1 after 3 is based on the second embodiment of the charging station 1 according to 2 and differs from this in that the charging station 1 after 3 a module 18 comprises. The module 18 integrates the first unit 11 and the second unit 12 and is set up to form or simulate fault protection corresponding to a type B residual current circuit breaker, in particular according to standard EN 610081-1 and/or according to standard EN 62423. The module 18 can also be designed as part of the control device 13 .

4 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a fourth embodiment of a charging station 1 for charging an energy store 2 of an electric vehicle 3. The fourth embodiment of the charging station 1 according to 4 includes all features of the second embodiment of the charging station 1 after 2 . In addition, the charging station 1 includes the 4 a test unit 16. The test unit 16 is set up to impress and evaluate a test current in at least one of the phases L1, L2, L3, in the neutral conductor N and/or in a separate test winding of the fault current sensor 9. In this case, the test unit 16 is set up in particular to be triggered for testing by means of a test command for simulating a pressing of a test button. The test command is a software command, for example, by means of which the test unit 16 is triggered in such a way that it triggers the testing and thus the injection of the test current. The test command thus emulates the test button known from the conventional type A residual current circuit breaker.

The test current is preferably a pulsed, high-frequency alternating current, which has, for example, a frequency of 1 to 5 kHz and a maximum duration of 10 ms.

5 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a fifth embodiment of a charging station 1 for charging an energy store 2 of an electric vehicle 3. The fifth embodiment of the charging station 1 according to 5 includes all features of the second embodiment of the charging station 1 after 2 . In addition, the charging station has 1 of 5 a special design of the fault current sensor 9. According to the 5 includes the residual current sensor 9 four current transformers 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d for the three phases L1, L2, L3 and the neutral conductor N. The respective current transformer 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d provides an output signal S1-S4. An adder unit 9e is connected downstream of the four current transformers 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d, which adds the output signals S1-S4 provided by the four current transformers 9a, 9b, 9c, 9d and thus provides the time-varying error current F on the output side.

Although the present invention has been described on the basis of embodiments, it can be modified in many ways.

Reference List

1

charging station

2

energy storage

3

electric vehicle

4

multiphase subscriber network

5

charging cable

6

grid connection point

7

multi-phase power supply network

8th

switching device

9

residual current sensor

9a

Power converter

9b

Power converter

9c

Power converter

9d

Power converter

9e

adding unit

10a

terminal block

10b

terminal block

10c

terminal block

10d

terminal block

11

first unit

12

second unit

13

control device

14

control circuit

15

connection socket

16

test unit

17

current measuring device

18

module

19

communication module

20

communication interface

21

user interface

22

power adapter

A1

first control signal

A2

second control signal

A3

third control signal

f

residual current

L1

phase

L2

phase

L3

phase

N

neutral wire

O

opening signal

S1

output signal

S2

output signal

S3

output signal

S4

output signal

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• EP 2882607 B1 [0002]
• EP 3664244 A1 [0004]
• EP 3729593 A1 [0004]
• DE 112013007137 T5 [0004]
• EP 2465176 B1 [0004]
• DE 102016212135 A1 [0004]
• DE 102017100138 A1 [0004]
• WO 2020167132 A1 [0004]
• DE 102009060364 A1 [0004]
• EP 2571128 B1 [0005, 0006]

Claims (16)

Charging station (1) for charging an energy store (2) of an electric vehicle (3) with electrical energy by means of a multi-phase network (4) that can be coupled to the charging station (1), having: a switching device (8) which is set up to open and close the phases (L1, L2, L3) and the neutral conductor (N) of the charging station (1), a fault current sensor (9) assigned to the phases (L1, L2, L3) and the neutral conductor (N), which is set up to detect a fault current (F) that changes over time with a direct current component and an alternating current component, a first unit (11) which is used to detect sinusoidal alternating fault currents and pulsating direct fault currents as a function of the detected fault current (F) and, depending thereon, to provide a first control signal (A1) for controlling the switching device (8) to open the phases (L1, L2 , L3) and the neutral conductor (N) is set up, a second unit (12) which is used to detect DC fault currents as a function of the detected fault current (F) and, depending thereon, to provide a second control signal (A2) for controlling the switching device (8) to open the phases (L1, L2, L3) and of the neutral conductor (N) is set up, and a control device (13) for controlling components of the charging station (1), which is set up to provide a third control signal (A3) for controlling the switching device (8) to open the phases (L1, L2, L3) and the neutral conductor (N). . charging station after claim 1 , characterized by a control circuit (14) which is set up to control the switching device (8), if at least one of the control signals (A1, A2, A3) is provided, in such a way that these phases (L1, L2, L3) and the The neutral conductor (N) of the charging station (1) opens. charging station after claim 2 , characterized in that the drive circuit (14) comprises a wired-OR operation which OR-links the first drive signal (A1), the second drive signal (A2) and the third drive signal (A3). charging station after one of the Claims 1 until 3 , characterized in that the first unit (11) is set up to emulate a type A residual current circuit breaker, in particular according to standard 61008-1. charging station after one of the Claims 1 until 4 , characterized in that the second unit (12) is set up to a direct current detection device, preferably a residual direct current detection device according to the standard IEC 62955, particularly preferably a residual direct current monitoring device according of the IEC 62955 standard. charging station after one of the Claims 1 until 3 , characterized by a module (18) which integrates the first unit (11) and the second unit (12) and is adapted to a residual current circuit breaker type B, in particular according to the standard EN 61008-1 and / or according to the EN 62423 standard, to train appropriate error protection. charging station after one of the Claims 1 until 6 , characterized by a current measuring device (17) for measuring the current flowing on the phases (L1, L2, L3) in the direction of flow to the electric vehicle (3). charging station after one of the Claims 1 until 7 , characterized by a test unit (16) which is set up to impress a test current in at least one of the phases (L1, L2, L3), in the neutral conductor (N) and/or in a separate test winding of the residual current sensor (9). and evaluate. charging station after claim 8 , characterized in that the test unit (16) is set up to be triggered for testing by means of a test command for simulating a pressing of a test button. charging station after one of the Claims 1 until 9 , characterized in that an electromechanical mechanism is provided for the mechanical display of the switching position of the switching device (8), which has a shutter controlled via an electrical coupling of the feedback contacts of the switching device (8), which follows the switching position of the switching device (8), and a shutter controlled by the Aperture-controlled visual display device for displaying the switching position. charging station after claim 10 , characterized in that the electromechanics is coupled to an energy store, so that the electromechanics is suitable for maintaining the display of the switching position of the switching device (8) for a predetermined time even when the charging station (1) is de-energized. charging station after one of the Claims 8 until 11 , characterized in that the test current is a pulsed, high-frequency alternating current, which has a frequency of 1 to 5 kHz and a maximum duration of 10 ms. charging station after one of the Claims 1 until 12 , characterized by a communication module (19) which is set up either by means of PWM signals to specify an energy consumption quantity for the electric vehicle (3) or, in accordance with ISO 15118, to negotiate a charging plan with charging electronics of the electric vehicle (3) coupled to the charging station (1). . charging station after one of the Claims 1 until 13 , characterized in that the charging station (1) has: a communication interface (20) which is set up to exchange data with a terminal device of the user and/or a server which in particular manages the charging station (1), a user interface (21 ) for inputs from a user and/or for outputs to the user, and/or a power pack (22) which is set up to convert an AC voltage provided via the phases (L1, L2, L3) into a predetermined DC voltage for the control device (13 ) and/or to provide the components of the charging station (1). System with a plurality N of charging stations (1), wherein the respective charging station (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 14 is trained. system after claim 15 , characterized in that the N charging stations (1) are connected by means of a star connection to a single circuit breaker, which is coupled to the grid connection point (6).

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