DE102021122806A1 - Solar thermal device, solar thermal module, energy supply system and method for operating a solar thermal device - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to improve a solar thermal device comprising at least one solar thermal element with an absorption element defining a longitudinal axis for absorbing solar radiation in such a way that a solar thermal device, a solar thermal module, an energy supply system and a method for operating a solar thermal device are to be improved in such a way that in particular Buildings can be optimally supplied with solar thermal heat all year round, it is proposed that it includes a shading device for shading the absorption element. Furthermore, an improved solar thermal module, an improved energy supply system and an improved method for operating a solar thermal device are proposed.

Description

The present invention relates to a solar thermal device comprising at least one solar thermal element with an absorption element defining a longitudinal axis for absorbing solar radiation.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a solar thermal module comprising at least one solar thermal device.

The present invention also relates to an energy supply system, in particular for a building, comprising at least one solar thermal module and a heat accumulator connected to the at least one solar thermal module in a thermally conductive manner for storing the solar heat absorbed by the at least one solar thermal module.

Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for operating a solar thermal device.

Solar thermal devices and modules as well as energy supply systems and methods for operating a solar thermal device of the type described above are known in various embodiments. In particular, they serve the purpose of supplying buildings of all types with thermal energy. Solar radiation is absorbed with the absorption element of the solar thermal device and can then be supplied to a heat accumulator, for example via a heat pipe system using a heat pipe medium, in order to temporarily store heat, in particular for times when the solar thermal device is not exposed to solar radiation, i.e. in particular at night and at cloudy sky.

It is also known that the largest share of energy in the home is used for heating water, both for heating domestic water and for heating a building. In particular, it must be taken into account that the energy requirements of a building change over the course of a year. More thermal energy is required in winter, especially for heating, whereas the heat requirement is significantly reduced in summer.

Due to the lower heat requirement in the summer months, solar thermal systems for buildings are usually dimensioned in such a way that they are just sufficient to cover the heat requirement in the summer months. On the other hand, oversizing of such systems in order to supply buildings with sufficient solar thermal heat even in the winter months leads to major problems when operating these systems in the summer months, since heat that is not required, which is provided by the solar thermal devices, is dissipated to avoid overheating must, which, however, is not easily possible.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve a solar thermal device, a solar thermal module, an energy supply system and a method for operating a solar thermal device of the type described above so that buildings in particular can be optimally supplied with solar thermal heat all year round.

This object is achieved according to the invention in a solar thermal device of the type described at the outset in that it comprises a shading device for shading the absorption element.

The shading device makes it possible, in particular, to shade the at least one solar thermal element, and therefore to prevent solar thermal radiation from impinging on the absorption element. This makes it possible, in particular, to switch off or deactivate the solar thermal device by means of the shading device if it is not desired to generate heat with the solar thermal device by absorbing solar radiation. As described, this can occur in particular when there is a low demand for heat, for example in the summer months, but the solar thermal device is exposed to solar radiation with an intensity that exceeds the level required for the operation of the same. The shading device thus makes it possible in particular, for example, to equip roofs of buildings with a larger number of solar thermal devices than before, in order to be able to optimally utilize a solar heat input, especially in the winter months. On days when there is little heat demand, the solar thermal device can then be fully or partially shaded with the shading device. Such a shading device also has the advantage, for example, that the solar thermal elements can be protected with it, in particular from dirt or extreme weather conditions such as hail. In other words, the shading device can be used to align a solar thermal system for a building not to its minimum heat requirement over the course of the year, but to the maximum heat requirement of the building. In this way, it is possible, for example, to largely meet the heating requirements of a house covered by heat input from solar radiation. In particular, the high degree of efficiency of solar thermal devices can also be used here, which is in the order of about 50% to 60% and thus far higher than with currently standard photovoltaic modules, which achieve an efficiency of about 14% for generating electricity. The shading device makes it possible, in particular, to generate so much heat with a solar thermal system on a roof or on a facade of a building that even buildings that are not optimally insulated can be supplied with sufficient heat, and that alone on basis renewable energies, i.e. without the additional use of fossil fuels.

It is favorable if the shading device comprises at least one movably arranged shading element, which can be moved from an irradiation position in which the absorption element is unshaded or uncovered to a shading position in which the absorption element is at least partially, in particular completely, shaded or protected against solar radiation impinging on the device is hidden, is movable and vice versa. With the at least one shading element of the shading device, the at least one solar thermal element, in particular the absorption element of the same, can be completely or partially covered or covered in the desired manner in order to protect it from or shield it from solar radiation. For example, it is possible to retrofit solar thermal devices that are already installed on a building with a shading device to temporarily deactivate them if, as described, a heat requirement is lower than the heat provided by the solar thermal device due to the solar radiation acting on it. The shading element can be designed, for example, in the form of a blind, a roller shutter, an awning or the like with one or more shading elements that can be moved relative to the absorption element. The shading elements can, in particular, be of lamellar design, or in the form of half-shells or partial shells which can be rotated about the absorption elements, in order to completely or partially shield the absorption elements in different shading positions.

The at least one shading element preferably comprises at least one photovoltaic element. This configuration makes it possible in particular to use the solar thermal device not only to generate heat, but also to generate electricity. It is particularly advantageous that the at least one shading element comprises a photovoltaic element, which can be used in particular to generate electricity when the absorption element of the solar thermal device is shaded with the at least one shading element. In other words, the solar thermal device can be used selectively to generate heat and/or electricity, depending on the respective needs of the user. In this way, solar radiation can be used to generate electricity, especially in the summer months when there is little heat demand. This can be used, for example, to operate electrical consumers in a building. For example, in the summer months, with increasing temperatures and higher electricity requirements in Central Europe, in particular for operating air conditioning systems, there is the possibility for an operator to use the solar thermal device preferably to generate electricity when the need for this is particularly high. The electricity generated can be used directly, for example. If necessary, excess electricity can also be fed into a power grid. Of course, each shading element can also include two or more photovoltaic elements. The shading element can in particular be designed in the form of a carrier for the at least one photovoltaic element. However, the at least one shading element can also be formed by the photovoltaic element itself.

An active surface of the photovoltaic element is favorably designed to be flat or curved in a convex manner pointing away from the longitudinal axis. In this way, solar radiation can always optimally hit the photovoltaic element, regardless of the position of the sun. A convex curvature of the photovoltaic element makes it possible, in particular, to design it as a half-shell element which, for example, partially surrounds an elongated tubular absorption element.

A particularly simple and compact structure can be achieved if the absorption element is tubular.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the solar thermal element comprises a protective cover which extends in the direction of the longitudinal axis and defines an interior space, and that the absorption element is arranged in the interior space. The protective cover can in particular be arranged or designed to be stationary relative to the absorption element or to be movable relative to it. For example, the protective cover can be arranged or designed to be rotatable about the longitudinal axis relative to the absorption element.

In order to optimally protect the absorption element regardless of the position of the protective cover, it is favorable if the protective cover is arranged or formed so as to surround the absorption element.

It is advantageous if the protective cover has a multi-part design and includes a carrier element extending parallel to the longitudinal axis, and if the at least one photovoltaic element is arranged or formed on the carrier element in such a way that an active surface of the photovoltaic element is arranged or formed pointing away from the longitudinal axis. This configuration of the protective cover makes it possible, in particular, to serve as a support for the photovoltaic element. For example, in the case of a movably arranged protective cover, the photovoltaic element can be moved along with the protective cover, for example relative to the absorption element, in order to optionally shade or cover it or completely expose it.

A particularly compact construction of the solar thermal device can be achieved in particular in that the at least one shading element comprises the carrier element and/or the at least one photovoltaic element. In particular, the photovoltaic element can be used to shade the absorption element. In such a shading position, however, it can be used at the same time to generate electricity when it is exposed to solar radiation. Thus, the solar thermal device can be used to generate solar heat and/or electricity. Ratios for the generation of heat and electricity can in principle be adjusted as desired. This can be achieved in particular by a shading portion, ie a portion of an active surface of the absorption element that is covered by the at least one shading element. This can, for example, be constant over time or shade or uncover the absorption element intermittently, specifically in a type of pulse width modulation, in which the absorption element is completely covered or completely uncovered for a specific time.

It is favorable if the carrier element delimits the interior space via a carrier element circumferential angle in relation to the longitudinal axis and if the carrier element circumferential angle is in a range from approximately 30° to approximately 200°. This configuration makes it possible, in particular, to shade the solar thermal element in the desired manner with the carrier element. In particular, it can also be ensured in this way that, for example in the case of a carrier element which is arranged such that it can be rotated about the longitudinal axis, it is possible in one position to sufficiently impinge on the absorption element with solar radiation.

The at least one photovoltaic element preferably forms part of an outer surface of the protective cover pointing away from the longitudinal axis. This configuration makes it possible, in particular, to integrate the at least one photovoltaic element into the protective cover. The at least one photovoltaic element can therefore be used to generate electricity, to shade the absorption element and at the same time to protect the absorption element.

It is advantageous if the at least one shading element is arranged on the protective cover or is designed in the form of a part of the protective cover. This configuration enables, for example, a particularly compact construction of the solar thermal device. In particular, it is possible to arrange the protective cover to be movable, for example rotatable about its longitudinal axis or the longitudinal axis of the solar thermal device, in order to either selectively shade the absorption element or release it for exposure to solar radiation.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the protective cover comprises at least one window element extending parallel to the longitudinal axis and that the at least one window element is designed to be permeable or essentially permeable to solar radiation. The at least one window element can thus serve in particular to protect the absorption element, although it does not or only minimally impede or impair exposure of the absorption element to solar radiation. Thus, for example, the protective cover can be brought into a position in which the at least one window element is aligned in such a way that solar radiation impinging on the solar thermal device can pass through the at least one window element and can act on the absorption element of the at least one solar thermal element with solar radiation. The at least one window element can in particular be flat or convexly curved pointing away from the longitudinal axis.

It is favorable if the at least one window element extends over a circumferential angle in relation to the longitudinal axis and if the circumferential angle is in a range from approximately 100° to approximately 210°. Providing such a peripheral angle for the at least one window element enables in particular different types of implementation of the solar thermal device. at For example, the protective cover can be arranged or designed to be stationary or movable relative to the absorption element. By specifying the circumferential angle, it is possible in particular to set the proportion of solar radiation that can be absorbed by the solar thermal device.

In particular, the protective cover can be formed in a simple manner in that the at least one window element comprises at least one, in particular exclusively one, window element region that is convexly curved and points away from the longitudinal axis. For example, it can only include a convexly curved window element area, so that the protective element is designed overall in the form of a sleeve or in the form of a cylindrical half-shell.

It is advantageous if the at least one window element comprises at least one flat window element area, in particular at least two flat, in particular four, window element areas. Furthermore, planar window element areas aligned parallel in pairs can be provided. The at least one flat window element area can, for example, specify an outer contour of the protective cover which, for example, enables mutual cleaning in cooperation with an adjacently arranged solar thermal element, for example with cleaning elements arranged or formed on the solar thermal element.

The solar thermal device can be formed in a simple manner if the at least one solar thermal element is formed with mirror symmetry or essentially with mirror symmetry in relation to a plane of symmetry containing the longitudinal axis.

It is advantageous if the solar thermal element comprises at least one heat sink and if the at least one heat sink is in a thermally active connection with the at least one photovoltaic element. With the at least one heat sink, heat can be dissipated from the at least one photovoltaic element in a simple manner in order to prevent the solar thermal device from overheating.

It is favorable if the at least one heat sink forms part of the outer surface of the protective cover. In this way, excess heat, in particular from the photovoltaic element, can be dissipated directly to an area surrounding the solar thermal device via the at least one heat sink.

In order to enable optimal heat exchange between the solar thermal device and its surroundings, it is favorable if the at least one cooling element comprises at least one cooling channel and/or cooling slot extending parallel to the longitudinal axis. For example, ambient air can flow along the at least one cooling element or through the at least one cooling channel and/or cooling slot in order to absorb excess heat from the at least one cooling element and release it to the surroundings of the solar thermal device.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the interior is delimited by at least one reflection surface and that the at least one reflection surface is arranged or designed to reflect solar radiation entering the interior through the window element in the direction of the absorption element. In this way, in particular, an effective cross section of the solar thermal device can be increased. In particular, the at least one reflection element can be arranged laterally or partially behind the absorption element in order to deflect solar radiation that does not impinge directly on the absorption element, but instead gets past it into the interior, onto the absorption element.

It is advantageous if the absorption element is spatially arranged between the at least one reflection surface and the at least one window element. In this way, the absorption of solar radiation can be optimized with the absorption element since, in particular, in addition to the absorption element, solar radiation impinging on the at least one reflection surface can also be deflected onto the absorption element in this way.

The solar thermal element preferably comprises an optical imaging device for imaging and/or deflecting solar radiation impinging on the protective cover onto the absorption element. The optical imaging device thus makes it possible, in particular, to deflect the solar radiation that impinges on the protective cover in such a way that it does not impinge next to the absorption element, but rather on the absorption element. In this way, in particular, the efficiency of the solar thermal device can be improved.

The optical imaging device can be formed in a simple manner if it comprises at least one lens and/or the at least one reflection surface. In particular, the at least one reflection surface can also be designed as an optical element or as part of it, for example in the form of a focusing mirror, in the focal point of which the absorption element is arranged or formed.

In order to enable a particularly compact design of the solar thermal device, it is favorable if the at least one lens is designed in the form of a Fresnel lens.

A compact construction of the solar thermal device can be achieved in particular in that the at least one window element comprises the at least one lens. In other words, the at least one lens can be integrated directly into the window element. In this way, the protective cover can in particular be formed directly with a window element with an integrated lens, for example an integrated Fresnel lens.

It is advantageous if the at least one reflection surface extends over a reflection surface circumference angle in relation to the longitudinal axis and if the reflection surface circumference angle of all reflection surfaces is in a range from approximately 30° to approximately 150°. Such an embodiment enables in particular a compact construction of the solar thermal device and nevertheless an optimal effective cross section. In particular, taking into account a dimension of the solar thermal device, in particular a maximum diameter of the protective cover, the entire solar radiation striking the solar thermal element can be captured and deflected onto the absorption element.

It is favorable if the at least one reflection surface is designed in the form of a coating that is highly reflective for solar radiation. In particular, thermal losses can be minimized and the efficiency of the solar thermal element can be optimized.

The solar thermal device can be produced in a simple manner if the at least one reflection surface is arranged or formed on a reflection element. For example, the reflection element can comprise a carrier which is coated with the at least one reflection surface, for example by vapor deposition or sticking of a highly reflective coating.

The at least one reflection element is favorably designed in the form of a mirror. The mirror can in particular be flat or concavely curved pointing in the direction of the longitudinal axis or also have a shape that comprises a plurality of surface areas which are connected to one another and which are flat or also curved.

The solar thermal device can be produced in a simple manner if the solar thermal element comprises only a single reflection element. This simplifies the assembly of the solar thermal device.

It is advantageous if the at least one heat sink defines or encompasses the at least one reflection surface. For example, the at least one heat sink can have a surface that serves as a reflective surface or can be used with a reflective coating to form one or more reflective surfaces. In particular, this also has the advantage that solar radiation impinging on such a reflection surface does not heat the heat sink itself or only heats it to an insignificant extent, but can be deflected essentially completely onto the absorption element.

The at least one reflection surface is expediently flat or concavely curved pointing in the direction of the longitudinal axis. The solar thermal device can thus be designed overall in such a way that solar radiation incident on the solar thermal element is not lost past the absorption element, but instead is deflected onto the absorption element and can thus be used for heating the same.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the shading element and the absorption element are immovably connected to one another. In particular, they can be connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner relative to the longitudinal axis. Such a configuration makes it possible, in particular, to rotate the solar thermal element as a whole, ie as a structural unit, about its longitudinal axis. In this case, the absorption element and the shading element are, for example, rotated together about the longitudinal axis in order to completely or partially cover the absorption element with the shading element in a defined manner.

The solar thermal element is preferably arranged or designed such that it can be rotated about the longitudinal axis. In this way, it can be optimally aligned with the sun in the desired manner, that is, for example, it can be carried along with the course of the sun depending on the position of the sun. This alignment is advantageous both when generating heat with the absorption element and when generating electricity with the at least one photovoltaic element. A tracking allows in particular to maximize the effective cross section of the solar thermal element, depending on the position of the sun, and this for electricity and heat generation. In addition, the absorption element can be covered by a shading element attached to the solar thermal element arranges or is trained to be fully or partially shaded.

It is advantageous if the at least one absorption element is designed in the form of a solar thermal tube collector. For example, the solar thermal device can be formed from conventional standard components. In particular, it is favorable if the solar thermal tube collector comprises at least one flow channel and at least one return channel for a heat exchanger fluid to flow through. A heat exchange fluid can thus flow through the tube collector and dissipate heat absorbed by the absorption element, for example to a heat accumulator. The solar thermal tube collector can in particular also include at least one self-contained heat pipe. In this embodiment, the tube collector does not have a heat exchange fluid flowing through it, but instead comprises a so-called “heat pipe”, i.e. a thermally conductive core, which dissipates the solar heat absorbed by the absorption element from the tube collector, for example to one end of the same. A heat exchanger device can be provided there, for example, in order to dissipate the heat supplied with the heat pipe, in particular via a heat exchanger fluid, for example to a heat accumulator.

In order to be able to track the course of the sun over the course of the day with the solar thermal element in the desired manner, for example, it is advantageous if the solar thermal device comprises a drive device for rotating the at least one solar thermal element about the longitudinal axis.

The at least one drive device preferably comprises at least one motor drive. An alignment of the at least one solar thermal element can thus be controlled or regulated in a simple manner.

It is favorable if the motor drive is designed in the form of a mechanical and/or electrical drive. For example, the at least one solar thermal element can be moved manually or fully automatically into a desired alignment position. For example, it can be aligned in such a way that primarily solar radiation can be absorbed directly as heat with the absorption element and/or can be used with a photovoltaic element to generate electricity.

It is advantageous if the mechanical drive is in the form of a hydraulic and/or pneumatic drive. In this way, the at least one solar thermal element can be easily and safely moved to a desired position.

The electric drive is preferably designed in the form of an electric motor. In particular, low-maintenance solar thermal devices can be formed in this way. The electric motor is favorably designed in the form of a stepper motor or a servo motor. These make it possible, in particular, to be able to specify movement positions of the at least one solar thermal element, in particular rotational positions in relation to the longitudinal axis, in a defined manner and with great accuracy.

It is favorable if the drive device comprises at least one first drive element driven by at least one motor, if the at least one solar thermal element comprises at least one second drive element and if the at least one first drive element and the at least one second drive element are arranged or designed to work together to transmit a Driving force of the engine on the at least one solar thermal element to rotate the same about the longitudinal axis. For example, interacting drive elements can be designed in the form of a drive chain and a drive wheel, for example a toothed wheel. Alternatively, instead of a chain, a belt can also be provided, with or without teeth, in order to drive a drive wheel, which is coupled to the solar thermal element, in order to move the solar thermal element, in particular to rotate it about its longitudinal axis.

The solar thermal device can be designed in a simple and compact manner if the at least one first drive element is designed in the form of a drive spindle and if the at least one second drive element is designed in the form of a gear wheel corresponding to the drive spindle. For example, the drive spindle can define a longitudinal axis which is oriented transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to a longitudinal axis of the gearwheel defined by the corresponding gearwheel. In particular, it is possible to dispense with complex angle gears for deflecting a driving force.

It is advantageous if the at least one first drive element defines a first longitudinal axis of the drive element, if the at least one second drive element defines a second longitudinal axis of the drive element and if the first longitudinal axis of the drive element runs transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to a plane containing the second longitudinal axis of the drive element. So the solar thermal devices can come in particular pact be trained. For example, the drive device with the drive elements can be arranged or formed at one end of the solar thermal elements. For example, the first drive element longitudinal axis can be defined by a drive spindle that runs perpendicular to the longitudinal axes of the solar thermal elements. In particular, such an embodiment of the drive device makes it possible to leave enough installation space for heat exchangers to dissipate heat absorbed by the solar thermal element via a heat exchanger fluid.

The solar thermal device can be designed in a particularly simple and compact manner if the longitudinal axis defines the second longitudinal axis of the drive element. For example, the second drive element can be arranged in the form of a gear wheel directly at one end of the solar thermal element, for example non-rotatably with it.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that the solar thermal device comprises a cleaning device for cleaning the at least one solar thermal element. The cleaning device is designed in particular to remove dirt from the at least one solar thermal element. Pollution in this sense is in particular snow or any other form of natural precipitation, which can completely or partially cover the at least one solar thermal element, as a result of which solar radiation can no longer or only to a limited extent impinge on the absorption element. In particular, the efficiency of the solar thermal device during operation can be improved by the cleaning device, since dirt of all kinds can be removed from the at least one solar thermal element in a desired and defined manner.

It is favorable if the cleaning device comprises at least one cleaning element driven, in particular rotating, by the drive device. For example, the cleaning element can be designed in the form of a round brush. The cleaning element can in particular be arranged between two adjacent solar thermal elements and extend parallel to their longitudinal axis. The cleaning brushes can in particular be rotated with a drive device which is designed analogously to the drive device for the solar thermal elements. For example, the same drive can be used both for the cleaning elements and for the solar thermal elements. Different rotational speeds can be realized. The cleaning elements can include, in particular, limp cloth strips such as are used in car washes. Contact with the solar thermal elements then occurs at a correspondingly high speed due to the centrifugal force. This configuration has the particular advantage that only one such rotating cleaning element is required to clean two adjacent solar thermal elements. As a result, the number of cleaning elements can be reduced by half compared to fixed wiper lips.

It is advantageous if the cleaning device comprises at least one cleaning element, if the at least one cleaning element is assigned to at least one solar thermal element and if the at least one cleaning element and the at least one solar thermal element assigned to it are arranged such that they can be moved relative to one another. This configuration makes it possible in particular to move the at least one cleaning element and the at least one solar thermal element relative to one another, whereby the solar thermal element can be cleaned in cooperation with them, i.e. in particular dirt or precipitation of all kinds can be completely or partially freed. At least one cleaning element can be assigned to a solar thermal element in particular if the cleaning element is fixed, for example relative to a building, and a relative movement is achieved by moving the at least one solar thermal element relative to the cleaning element. However, it is also conceivable for the at least one cleaning element to be arranged on the solar thermal element itself, so that the at least one cleaning element can be used in cooperation with neighboring solar thermal elements to clean them. If the at least one solar thermal element is twisted, the cleaning element can be used to clean an adjacent solar thermal element on one side and another solar thermal element on the other side of the solar thermal element, which carries the at least one cleaning element, due to a relative movement.

The at least one cleaning element preferably extends parallel or substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis. This configuration makes it possible in particular to use the at least one cleaning element to clean an associated solar thermal element over its entire length, for example by the at least one cleaning element sliding along an outer surface of the solar thermal element, for example an outer surface of a protective cover of the solar thermal element.

The solar thermal device can be designed in a simple and cost-effective manner if the at least one cleaning element is designed in the form of a wiping brush or in the form of a wiping lip. In particular, combinations of wiping brushes and wiping lips are conceivable, for example to remove rain or snow or other dirt from an outer surface of a solar thermal element. The mopping brush can in particular be arranged or designed to be stationary or rotating.

It is favorable if the at least one cleaning element is arranged or formed on the at least one solar thermal element. Such an arrangement makes it possible in particular to clean the adjacent solar thermal elements with the at least one cleaning element in cooperation with adjacently arranged solar thermal elements. For example, the at least one cleaning element can be used to clean two solar thermal elements that are adjacent to the solar thermal element that carries the at least one cleaning element.

In order to be able to achieve an optimal cleaning performance, it is advantageous if two cleaning elements are arranged or formed on at least one solar thermal element. In this way, two adjacent solar thermal elements can each be cleaned with one of the two cleaning elements due to a relative movement.

A particularly compact and simple construction of the solar thermal device can be achieved in particular if at least the cleaning element is arranged or formed on the carrier element. In particular, it can be arranged in such a way that it does not impair the absorption of solar radiation by the solar thermal element, or impairs it only insignificantly.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, it can be provided that each solar thermal element is assigned at least one wind turbine. The at least one wind wheel, also referred to as a wind generator, can be designed in particular to generate electricity. It can therefore be used to generate electricity. For example, an air flow rising along or above the solar thermal element can be used to generate additional electricity.

The wind wheel is preferably arranged in the area of a first end of the solar thermal element. It is preferably arranged in the region of that end of the solar thermal element which is positioned higher in relation to the direction of gravity. In this way, rising warm air can be optimally used to drive the wind turbine.

It is favorable if each wind turbine is arranged or designed to drive a power generator for generating electrical power. In particular, wind energy can also be used to supply a building with electricity, for example. In particular, a thermal air flow that is generated by the solar thermal device due to heat given off to the environment can be further used to generate electricity. The wind generator can in particular also include the power generator.

It is advantageous if the cleaning device comprises the at least one wind wheel and if the wind wheel is designed to be drivable. In particular, the wind wheel can be designed to be driven with electric power to generate a cleaning air flow. The cleaning air flow can be used in particular to blow off snow and dirt from at least one solar thermal element. In addition or as an alternative to wiping lips or wiping brushes, dirt that can be easily blown off, for example leaves or the like, can be removed from the solar thermal device using the wind turbines.

It is advantageous if the solar thermal element comprises at least one air guiding element for guiding an air flow. The at least one air guiding element thus serves in particular the purpose of guiding an air flow along the solar thermal element or between two adjacent solar thermal elements, for example towards a wind turbine, in order to further improve the efficiency of the solar thermal device by using the wind turbine to generate electricity will.

It is advantageous if the at least one air guiding element is designed in the form of a projection extending parallel or substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis and/or is encompassed by the protective cover, for example by the carrier element. The at least one air guiding element can also be brought into a specific position in a simple manner, for example in the case of a rotatably arranged solar thermal element, in order to optimally guide an air flow to a wind turbine. In particular, when no solar radiation impinges on the solar thermal device, ie especially at night or when it is very cloudy, the solar thermal elements with the air guiding elements can work in an optimal manner be aligned to optimize the generation of electricity with one or more wind turbines.

The object stated at the outset is also achieved according to the invention in a solar thermal module of the type described at the outset in that the solar thermal device is designed in the form of one of the solar thermal devices described above.

Developing a solar thermal module in the manner described has the advantages already described above in connection with preferred embodiments of solar thermal devices.

The solar thermal module preferably comprises a plurality of solar thermal devices. For example, solar thermal modules can be provided with an identical or different number of solar thermal devices to be arranged on buildings, such as facades or roofs of the same, or on fences of properties to gain heat and electricity from solar and wind energy. For example, five, 10, 15 or any other number of solar thermal devices can be built into a solar thermal module. Each solar thermal module can optionally include a corresponding number of wind turbines. Such a modular design has the particular advantage that it simplifies the installation of solar thermal devices on a building, since only the solar thermal module has to be attached to the building and not each solar thermal device individually.

In order to be able to form solar thermal modules with high efficiency, it is advantageous if the absorption elements of the solar thermal devices are arranged parallel to one another. In particular, it is possible to optimally equip an area specified by the solar thermal module with solar thermal elements.

For the handling of the solar thermal module it is advantageous if it comprises a holding frame and if the at least one cleaning element is arranged or formed stationary on the holding frame and with a free end in the direction of the assigned solar thermal device. In this way, one or more cleaning elements can be arranged and positioned in a simple manner with holding frames, in order to then clean the same as a result of a movement of the solar thermal element relative to the at least one cleaning element.

Preferably, adjacent solar thermal elements define a flow channel between them. For example, air can be guided through the flow channel in a defined manner, for example to a wind turbine that is arranged or formed at one end of the flow channel.

The at least one wind turbine is preferably arranged at a first end of the flow channel that is elevated against the direction of gravity. A thermally induced air flow or an air flow caused by the wind can be guided through the flow channel and directed to the wind turbine, in particular for generating electricity.

It is advantageous if each wind turbine is assigned an air guiding element and if the air guiding element is arranged or formed at the first end of the flow channel. Such an air guiding element can be used in particular to direct flowing air to the wind turbine in a defined manner.

For example, the air guiding element can have a larger effective cross section than the wind turbine, so that more air can be guided to the wind turbine than would reach the wind turbine without such an air guiding element. For example, the air guiding element can be funnel-shaped or essentially funnel-shaped.

It is advantageous if the at least one solar thermal element is assigned a heat transfer element for transferring heat absorbed by the absorption element to a heat exchanger fluid flowing through the heat transfer element. The heat transfer element can in particular be arranged or formed in a fixed manner on the solar thermal module and be in thermal contact with the solar thermal element or a component thereof.

The heat transfer element is preferably arranged or formed at the first end of the solar thermal element. Thus, heat can be guided from the solar thermal element to one end of the same and then transferred there to the heat transfer element and from there to a heat exchange fluid in order to conduct the heat absorbed by the absorption element of the solar thermal element, for example, to a heat accumulator.

It is favorable if the absorption element comprises a heat-conducting element and if the heat-transfer element has the heat-conducting element is thermally connected. In this way, heat that has been absorbed by the absorption element by absorbing solar radiation can be transferred to the heat transfer element via the heat-conducting element.

In order to allow any alignment of the solar thermal element relative to the solar thermal module, in particular for tracking the course of the sun or for selectively activating a photovoltaic element or the absorption element, it is advantageous if the absorption element and the heat transfer element are arranged or designed such that they can be rotated relative to one another about the longitudinal axis. As already explained above, this makes it possible for the solar thermal element to also track the course of the sun to generate heat. Both "photovoltaic tracking" and "solar thermal tracking" are therefore possible.

Furthermore, it is favorable if the solar thermal module comprises at least one measuring device for measuring a light intensity incident on the module, an outside temperature and/or an ambient humidity. The at least one measuring device, also referred to as a measuring unit, can thus be used to measure environmental parameters, which can then be processed, for example, in a central control device or in a control device assigned to the solar thermal module, for example in order to align solar thermal elements of the solar thermal module in the desired way.

The at least one measuring device preferably comprises at least one light sensor, at least one rain sensor and/or at least one temperature sensor. In this way, a light intensity occurring on the solar thermal module, precipitation and an ambient temperature can be determined in a defined manner. In particular, the measured values can be further processed in order to specifically control solar thermal devices of the solar thermal module, for example in order to move them into a position adapted to the environmental parameters.

It is advantageous if the drive device is designed for synchronous rotation of all solar thermal elements. In particular, this can be designed to synchronously rotate all solar thermal elements of a solar thermal module together. In this way, a simple and compact construction of the solar thermal module can be achieved. Such a configuration is particularly advantageous if cleaning elements of a cleaning device are arranged in a fixed manner on the solar thermal module and are each assigned to only a single solar thermal element.

Furthermore, it can be advantageous if the drive device is designed for the synchronous rotation of two solar thermal elements that are arranged adjacent to both sides of a solar thermal element. Such a configuration makes it possible, in particular, to move adjacent solar thermal elements not only synchronously but also asynchronously. This can be used in particular to mutually clean adjacent solar thermal elements if cleaning elements are arranged or formed in particular on the solar thermal elements. With appropriate control, external surfaces of the adjacent solar thermal elements can be cleaned, for example freed from dirt or precipitation, by appropriately predetermined movements of the adjacent solar thermal elements.

It is favorable if the drive device is designed to move adjacent solar thermal elements independently of one another. Not only can they be synchronously tracked by the course of the sun, but they can also be individually aligned to generate either heat or electricity by aligning either an absorption element or a photovoltaic element in the opposite direction to the solar radiation.

It is advantageous if the solar thermal module includes a control device for controlling the drive device as a function of physical environmental parameters of the solar thermal module. As already explained, the solar thermal elements can be aligned with the sun and also track the course of the sun.

The at least one measuring device and the control device are advantageously connected to one another in a control-effective manner. In particular, this makes it possible to use the control device to move the solar thermal elements in the desired manner, for example into a protective position, if heavy precipitation is detected by the at least one measuring device. For example, at temperatures below freezing and detected precipitation, a regular movement of the solar thermal elements can be specified by the control device, for example to shake off snow from the solar thermal elements or to shovel it off by means of a corresponding shovel-like shape, for example the carrier element or the protective cover and prevent them from freezing.

Preferably, the solar thermal module includes a collection container. The collection container can be used in particular to catch precipitation that hits the solar thermal module and to discharge it in a defined manner.

It is favorable if the collection container is arranged or formed in the area of a lower end of the solar thermal module in relation to the direction of gravity. In this way, precipitation can be collected easily and safely.

It is advantageous if the collection container is designed in the form of a trough and if the at least one solar thermal device is arranged or designed in the collection container. This configuration makes it possible, in particular, to arrange the solar thermal device in the collection container in a partially protected manner. In this way, in particular, a wind load acting on the solar thermal device can be minimized.

It is favorable if the solar thermal module includes a heating device for heating the collection container. Such a configuration makes it possible, in particular, to free the solar thermal module from ice and snow, especially in the collection container, in winter, in that frozen precipitation is heated by the heating device and drained off as melt water.

Advantageously, the heating device is arranged or formed in the area of a lower end of the collecting container in relation to the direction of gravity. In particular, it can work where precipitation collects and solidifies at temperatures below freezing and can completely or partially block the solar thermal module.

The object stated at the outset is also achieved according to the invention in an energy supply system of the type described at the outset in that the at least one solar thermal module is designed in the form of one of the solar thermal modules described above.

Developing an energy supply system of the type described at the outset in this way has the advantages already described above in connection with preferred embodiments of solar thermal modules. In particular, it is possible, with such an energy supply system, to supply a building with heat and/or electricity in a defined manner and depending on the respective need, for example.

The at least one solar thermal module is preferably arranged or held on a roof or on a facade of a building or on a holding device. The holding device can be arranged or designed in particular in the form of a railing, for example on a balcony, on a fence or as an independent unit on a property.

It is advantageous if one of the solar thermal modules is inclined in relation to the direction of gravity. For example, it can be aligned parallel or substantially parallel to the roof of a building. In particular, the solar thermal module can be integrated over a large area in a roof of a building.

The energy supply system preferably includes at least one electrical energy store for storing electrical current generated with the at least one photovoltaic element and/or the at least one wind turbine of the solar thermal module. Alternatively, electrical power generated with the solar thermal module can also be used directly in a building, i.e. without intermediate storage.

Furthermore, it is favorable if the energy supply system includes a central control device for controlling and/or regulating components, in particular electrical ones, of the same depending on physical parameters in the building and/or in an environment of the same. As already explained, the at least one solar thermal module can be controlled depending on ambient conditions and a heat requirement or a requirement for electrical energy of a building in such a way that either more heat or more electricity can be generated in order to optimally cover the respective requirement. In particular, pools and/or rainwater cisterns can also be optionally heated. As a result, excess energy can be used not only by feeding it into electromobility, but also by heating pool systems. However, these water tanks can also be used as additional heat storage by heating pools that are covered and filled in winter and/or insulated rainwater cisterns. The use of such liquid reservoirs, which are already available in many households, helps to store excess energy, especially in colder seasons with longer periods of sunshine. In particular, even longer solar energy-paused periods, for example longer foggy periods, can be bridged, above all in terms of heating technology. For example, a pool or a cistern with 30 m ³ of water when heated by 15 degrees offers an energy storage volume of around 450 kWh. This roughly corresponds to the heating energy requirement of an average household - depending on the construction - for around 4 to 8 days.

The object set at the beginning is also achieved according to the invention in a method for operating a solar thermal device in that, when there is a maximum heat requirement, the at least one solar thermal element is aligned in a basic position with the absorption element opposite or substantially opposite to the effective direction of the solar radiation field. In this way, heat can be obtained exclusively or predominantly from the solar radiation field with the solar thermal device, for example for supplying heat to a building.

It is advantageous if the at least one solar thermal element is at least partially, in particular completely, shaded or covered when the heat requirement decreases or is lower than the maximum heat requirement. In this way, in particular, it can be avoided that solar thermal devices overheat and absorb excessive heat that cannot be dissipated.

It is favorable if the at least one solar thermal element follows a direction of action of the solar radiation field that changes as a function of time. In particular, it can be advantageous if the solar thermal element follows the solar radiation field either with the respective absorption element or with the at least one photovoltaic element. For example, such a tracking can take place continuously. In this way, the efficiency of the solar thermal device can be optimized, in particular by reflecting surfaces always aligned at the optimized angle of incidence to the sun for deflecting solar radiation onto the absorption elements and/or in designs with flat absorption elements. This optimization can be used to generate heat or electricity, depending on whether an absorption element or a photovoltaic element is used to track the direction of the radiation field, which changes over time.

It is also advantageous if the at least one photovoltaic element is aligned opposite or substantially opposite to the effective direction of the solar radiation field as the electrical energy requirement increases. In this way, in particular, the efficiency of the solar thermal device for generating electrical power can be optimized. An increasing demand for electrical energy can also occur, in particular, when there is no or only a low demand for heat, for example when a heat accumulator is already being charged with maximum heat, for example a buffer storage tank with water. In this case, it is then advantageous, even if, as described above, photovoltaic elements have a lower efficiency than the absorption elements, to generate electricity instead of heat and then either consume it directly or store it temporarily, for example in a rechargeable battery.

Furthermore, it is advantageous if the majority of solar thermal elements are aligned individually or in groups depending on a heat requirement either with the respective absorption element or with the photovoltaic element against the effective direction of the solar radiation field. For example, heat can always be obtained initially insofar as it is also required. With lower or decreasing heat consumption, the solar thermal elements can then be used individually to generate electricity, for example by rotating them about their longitudinal axis in order to direct one or more photovoltaic elements of the same to the solar radiation instead of the absorption element.

In order in particular to keep solar thermal elements ready for operation in winter, above all to gain heat, it is favorable if the at least one solar thermal element is cleaned as a result of soiling or wetting with water or being covered with snow. Such cleaning can take place in particular at regular time intervals. In this way it can be ensured that solar thermal elements can remain operational in the desired manner even in winter.

The at least one solar thermal element is preferably moved into the basic position when the light intensity of the solar radiation field falls below a predetermined level. The basic position can in particular be a protective position in which the absorption element or the solar thermal element are protected from the effects of the weather. For example, this can be a position in which the photovoltaic element is directed in the opposite direction to the solar radiation field.

In a further embodiment, the at least one solar thermal element can also be designed to be rotatable into an optimized wind deflection position. This option can be called up by the controller, for example, by measuring the wind power present at the wind turbines or wind generators. If there is wind, this control program can be called up when there is no solar energy, for example at night or when there is fog. It can be advantageous if the solar thermal elements, which have an optimized wind-conducting shape can have, be rotated until the maximum power of the wind generators can be measured.

It is favorable if, in a hail protection operating mode, the at least one solar thermal element is aligned in a hail protection position in such a way that the protective cover is directed against falling precipitation in such a way that the at least one photovoltaic element points with its active surface in the direction of precipitation. In this way, the photovoltaic element can be optimally protected against damage, in particular from hail. In the manner described, the photovoltaic element is turned away from precipitation and protected by the protective cover of at least one solar thermal element.

It is advantageous if the at least one solar thermal element is moved at regular time intervals in a snow-clearing operating mode. In particular, it can be rotated about the longitudinal axis. More particularly, it can be moved back and forth by a twisting angle in a range of approximately 90° to 270°. Snow removal operating mode makes it possible in particular to free the at least one solar thermal element from snow—or even leaves or the like. The snow can be compressed and thrown off as a result of the twisting, in particular a pendulum movement back and forth, and it can also be collected under the at least one solar thermal element. In particular, freezing of the at least one solar thermal element can also be prevented in this way.

According to a further preferred embodiment, it can be provided that the at least one solar thermal element is moved back and forth at regular time intervals in an anti-icing operating mode. In particular, it can be rotated back and forth about the longitudinal axis by a twisting angle in a range of approximately 90° to 270°. Furthermore, in particular, the anti-icing operating mode can only be activated when the solar radiation impinging on the solar thermal device falls below a predetermined lower radiation limit value. Falling below the lower radiation limit can occur in particular at night or in fog. For this purpose, the radiation intensity can be measured with a radiation sensor, for example.

The at least one solar thermal element can favorably be aligned in an overheating protection operating mode in a heat protection position in such a way that the shading device shades the absorption element. In particular, the at least one photovoltaic element can be aligned in the opposite direction to the solar radiation field in the heat protection position. For example, the overheating protection operating mode can cause the at least one solar thermal element to be aligned in the manner described, for example by activation via a control device if, for example, a temperature sensor measures a temperature that is higher than a predefined temperature. Shading the at least one solar thermal element can prevent overheating, in particular of the heat exchanger fluid flowing through the absorption element. At the same time, electricity can also be generated if the photovoltaic element is present.

Advantageously, the overheating protection mode of operation can be activated automatically when a temperature of the heat exchange fluid exceeds a predetermined temperature limit value. The temperature can be measured in particular with a temperature sensor. For example, in the case of a failed pump for conveying the heat exchange fluid, also referred to as heat transfer fluid, overheating of the heat exchange fluid can be prevented.

It is favorable if the at least one solar thermal element is aligned in a wind deflection operating mode in a wind deflection position in such a way that a current generated with the at least one associated wind wheel has a maximum value. In particular, the wind deflection operating mode can be activated if, for example, no radiation intensity or a radiation intensity that falls below a predetermined limit value is measured with a radiation sensor. In particular, the generation of electricity with the respective wind turbine can be optimized, in particular at night or in fog.

It is advantageous if the current generator assigned to the at least one wind turbine is rotated in a wind turbine activation operating mode by applying a current for a predetermined start-up time. In particular, the current generator can be rotated at regular time intervals in the manner described. This procedure makes it possible, in particular, to overcome an initial electromagnetic resistance of the wind turbine or of the associated power generator. In this way, the wind turbine is practically actively set in rotation and the initial resistance is thereby overcome or reduced. In particular, it is possible in this way to directly control the power generators and thus the associated wind wheel at regular time intervals when there is little wind to toast This makes it possible to check whether there is any wind at all. Electricity can still be generated at low wind speeds that would not be sufficient to overcome the initial resistance.

According to a further preferred embodiment, it can be provided that the drive device is deactivated in an anti-jamming operating mode when a predefined drive limit force is reached. In particular, after a predetermined waiting time has elapsed, the at least one solar thermal element can be rotated back and forth about the longitudinal axis by an angle of rotation in a range of approximately 90° to 270°. A position or orientation of the at least one solar thermal element can be determined in particular via a number of steps of a drive device in the form of a stepper motor or continuously with an electronic measuring device. If a high load is measured, i.e. if a high driving force is required to move the at least one solar thermal element, or if the at least one solar thermal element can no longer be rotated, the solar thermal module or the energy supply system as a whole can be converted into a safety or Load protection state are transferred. This can occur, for example, as a result of a branch being trapped, a firework rocket being trapped or a part of the body being trapped during maintenance work. After a predetermined waiting time has elapsed after the safety or load protection state has occurred, the at least one solar thermal element can be rotated in the opposite direction, for example, or can perform a pendulum movement, ie a back-and-forth rotation. Such a shaking movement can in particular increase the probability that the foreign bodies described will be turned away or thrown off. For example, they can be collected in the collection container under the at least one solar thermal element. If the clamping resistance persists even after a predefined number of pendulum or shaking attempts, the solar thermal module or the energy supply system can be transferred to an error state. The fault determined in this way can be displayed in particular on a display device of the control device.

The embodiments described above make it possible in particular to use an optimum of available energy in the form of wind and solar energy either simultaneously and also in an optimized manner.

1. 1. Solarthermische Vorrichtung (60) umfassend mindestens ein solarthermisches Element (62) mit einem eine Längsachse (64) definierenden Absorptionselement (66) zum Absorbieren von solarer Strahlung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die solarthermische Vorrichtung (60) eine Beschattungseinrichtung (12) umfasst zum Beschatten des Absorptionselements (66).
2. 2. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Beschattungseinrichtung (112) mindestens ein bewegbar angeordnetes Beschattungselement (114) umfasst, welches von einer Bestrahlungsstellung, in welcher das Absorptionselement (66) unbeschattet oder unverdeckt ist, in eine Beschattungsstellung, in welcher das Absorptionselement (66) mindestens teilweise, insbesondere vollständig, beschattet oder gegen auf die Vorrichtung (60) auftreffende solare Strahlung verdeckt ist, bewegbar ist und umgekehrt.
3. 3. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Beschattungselement (114) mindestens ein Photovoltaikelement (118) umfasst.
4. 4. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine aktive Fläche (120) des Photovoltaikelements (118) eben oder von der Längsachse (64) weg weisend konvex gekrümmt ausgebildet ist.
5. 5. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach einem der voranstehenden Sätze, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Absorptionselement (66) röhrenförmig ausgebildet ist.
6. 6. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach einem der voranstehenden Sätze, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das solarthermische Element (62) eine Schutzhülle (100) umfasst, welche sich in Richtung der Längsachse (64) erstreckt und einen Innenraum (102) definiert, und dass das Absorptionselement (66) im Innenraum (102) angeordnet ist.
7. 7. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schutzhülle (100) das Absorptionselement (66) umgebend angeordnet oder ausgebildet ist.
8. 8. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schutzhülle (100) mehrteilig ausgebildet ist und ein sich parallel zur Längsachse 864) erstreckendes Trägerelement (104) umfasst und dass das mindestens eine Photovoltaikelement (118) auf dem Trägerelement (114) angeordnet oder ausgebildet ist derart, dass eine aktive Fläche (120) des Photovoltaikelements (118) von der Längsachse (64) weg weisend angeordnet oder ausgebildet ist.
9. 9. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Beschattungselement (114) das Trägerelement (104) und/oder das mindestens eine Photovoltaikelement (118) umfasst.
10. 10. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Trägerelement (104) den Innenraum (102) über einen Trägerelementumfangswinkel (116) bezogen auf die Längsachse (64) begrenzt und dass der Trägerelementumfangswinkel (116) in einem Bereich von etwa 30° bis etwa 200° liegt.
11. 11. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach einem der Sätze 6 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Photovoltaikelement (118) einen Teil einer von der Längsachse (64) weg weisenden Außenfläche (124) der Schutzhülle (100) bildet.
12. 12. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach einem der Sätze 6 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Beschattungselement (114) an der Schutzhülle (100) angeordnet oder in Form eines Teils der Schutzhülle (100) ausgebildet ist.
13. 13. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach einem der Sätze 6 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Schutzhülle (100) mindestens ein sich parallel zur Längsachse (64) erstreckendes Fensterelement (106) umfasst und dass das mindestens eine Fensterelement (106) für solare Strahlung durchlässig oder im Wesentlichen durchlässig ausgebildet ist.
14. 14. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich das mindestens eine Fensterelement (106) über einen Umfangswinkel (108) bezogen auf die Längsachse (64) erstreckt und dass der Umfangswinkel (108) in einem Bereich von etwa 100° bis etwa 210° liegt.
15. 15. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 13 oder 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Fensterelement (106) mindestens einen, insbesondere ausschließlich einen, von der Längsachse (64) weg weisend konvex gekrümmten Fensterelementbereich (110) umfasst.
16. 16. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach einem der Sätze 13 bis 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Fensterelement (106) mindestens einen ebenen Fensterelementbereich (260, 262) umfasst, insbesondere mindestens zwei ebene, insbesondere vier, Fensterelementbereiche (260, 262), weiter insbesondere paarweise parallel ausgerichtete ebene Fensterelementbereiche (260, 262).
17. 17. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach einem der voranstehenden Sätze, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine solarthermische Element (62) spiegelsymmetrisch oder im Wesentlichen spiegelsymmetrisch bezogen auf eine die Längsachse (64) enthaltende Symmetrieebene (126) ausgebildet ist.
18. 18. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach einem der Sätze 3 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das solarthermische Element (62) mindestens einen Kühlkörper (128) umfasst und dass der mindestens eine Kühlkörper (128) mit dem mindestens einen Photovoltaikelement (118) in thermischer Wirkverbindung steht.
19. 19. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der mindestens eine Kühlkörper (128) einen Teil der Außenfläche (124) der Schutzhülle (100) bildet.
20. 20. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 18 oder 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der mindestens eine Kühlkörper (128) mindestens einen sich parallel zur Längsachse (64) erstreckenden Kühlkanal (130) und/oder Kühlschlitz (132) umfasst.
21. 21. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach einem der Sätze 13 bis 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Innenraum (102) von mindestens einer Reflexionsfläche (142) begrenzt ist und dass die mindestens eine Reflexionsfläche (142) angeordnet oder ausgebildet ist zum Reflektieren von durch das Fensterelement (106) in den Innenraum (102) eintretende solare Strahlung in Richtung auf das Absorptionselement (66) hin.
22. 22. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Absorptionselement (66) räumlich zwischen der mindestens einen Reflexionsfläche (142) und dem mindestens einen Fensterelement (106) angeordnet ist.
23. 23. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach einem der Sätze 6 bis 22, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das solarthermische Element (62) eine optische Abbildungseinrichtung (144) umfasst zum Abbilden und/oder Umlenken von auf die Schutzhülle (100) auftreffender solarer Strahlung auf das Absorptionselement (66).
24. 24. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die optische Abbildungseinrichtung (144) mindestens eine Linse (268) und/oder die mindestens eine Reflexionsfläche (142) umfasst.
25. 25. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens eine Linse (268) in Form einer Fresnellinse (270) ausgebildet ist.
26. 26. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 24 oder 25, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Fensterelement (106) die mindestens eine Linse (268) umfasst.
27. 27. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach einem der Sätze 21 bis 26, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die mindestens eine Reflexionsfläche (142) über einen Reflexionsflächenumfangswinkel (146) bezogen auf die Längsachse (64) erstreckt und dass der Reflexionsflächenumfangswinkel (146) aller Reflexionsflächen (142) insgesamt in einem Bereich von etwa 30° bis etwa 150° liegt.
28. 28. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach einem der Sätze 21 bis 27, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens eine Reflexionsfläche (142) in Form einer für solare Strahlung hochreflektierenden Beschichtung (148) ausgebildet ist.
29. 29. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach einem der Sätze 21 bis 28, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens eine Reflexionsfläche (142) auf einem Reflexionselement (150) angeordnet oder ausgebildet ist.
30. 30. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 29, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Reflexionselement (150) in Form eines Spiegels (152) ausgebildet ist.
31. 31. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 29 oder 30, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das solarthermische Element (62) nur ein einziges Reflexionselement (150) umfasst.
32. 32. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach einem der Sätze 21 bis 31, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der mindestens eine Kühlkörper (128) die mindestens eine Reflexionsfläche (142) definiert oder umfasst.
33. 33. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach einem der Sätze 21 bis 32, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens eine Reflexionsfläche (142) mindestens eine in den Innenraum (102) weisende Kühlkörperseitenfläche (154) des mindestens einen Kühlkörpers (128) bildet oder bedeckt.
34. 34. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach einem der Sätze 21 bis 33, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens eine Reflexionsfläche (142) eben oder in Richtung auf die Längsachse (64) hin weisend konkav gekrümmt ausgebildet ist.
35. 35. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach einem der Sätze 2 bis 34, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Beschattungselement (114) und das Absorptionselement (66) unbeweglich miteinander verbunden sind, insbesondere drehfest bezogen auf die Längsachse (64).
36. 36. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach einem der voranstehenden Sätze, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das solarthermische Element (62) um die Längsachse (64) verdrehbar angeordnet oder ausgebildet ist.
37. 37. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach einem der voranstehenden Sätze, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Absorptionselement (66) in Form eines solarthermischen Röhrenkollektors (68) ausgebildet ist, wobei insbesondere der solarthermische Röhrenkollektor (68)
    1. a) mindestens einen Vorlaufkanal und mindestens einen Rücklaufkanal zum Durchströmen mit einem Wärmetauscherfluid umfasst oder
    2. b) mindestens ein in sich geschlossenes Wärmerohr (70) umfasst.
38. 38. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach einem der voranstehenden Sätze, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die solarthermische Vorrichtung (60) eine Antriebseinrichtung (162) umfasst zum Drehen des mindestens einen solarthermischen Elements (62) um die Längsachse (64).
39. 39. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 38, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens eine Antriebseinrichtung (162) mindestens einen motorischen Antrieb (164) umfasst, wobei insbesondere der motorische Anrieb (164) in Form eines mechanischen und/oder elektrischen Antriebs ausgebildet ist, wobei weiter insbesondere der mechanische Antrieb in Form eines hydraulischen und/oder pneumatischen Antriebs ausgebildet ist.
40. 40. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 39, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der elektrische Antrieb in Form eines Elektromotors (166) ausgebildet ist, insbesondere in Form eines Schrittmotors oder eines Servomotors.
41. 41. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 39 oder 40, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antriebseinrichtung (162) mindestens ein vom mindestens einen motorischen Antrieb (164) angetriebenes erstes Antriebselement (168) umfasst, dass das mindestens eine solarthermische Element (62) mindestens ein zweites Antriebselement (170) umfasst und dass das mindestens eine erste Antriebselement (168) und das mindestens eine zweiten Antriebselement (170) zusammenwirkend angeordnet oder ausgebildet sind zum Übertragen einer Antriebskraft des mindestens einen motorischen Antriebs (164) auf das mindestens eine solarthermische Element (62) zum Drehen desselben um die Längsachse (64).
42. 42. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 41, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine erste Antriebselement (168) in Form einer Antriebsspindel (172) ausgebildet ist und dass das mindestens eine zweite Antriebselement (170) in Form eines zur Antriebsspindel (172) korrespondierenden Zahnrads (174) ausgebildet ist.
43. 43. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 41 oder 42, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine erste Antriebselement (168) eine erste Antriebselementlängsachse (178) definiert, dass das mindestens eine zweite Antriebselement (170) eine zweite Antriebselementlängsachse (180) definiert und dass die erste Antriebselementlängsachse (178) quer, insbesondere senkrecht, zu einer die zweite Antriebselementlängsachse (180) enthaltenden Ebene verläuft.
44. 44. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 43, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Längsachse (64) die zweite Antriebselementlängsachse (180) definiert.
45. 45. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach einem der voranstehenden Sätze, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die solarthermische Vorrichtung (60) eine Reinigungseinrichtung (146) zum Reinigen des mindestens einen solarthermischen Elements (62) umfasst.
46. 46. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 45, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Reinigungseinrichtung (246) mindestens ein Reinigungselement (248) umfasst, dass das mindestens eine Reinigungselement (248) mindestens einem solarthermischen Element (62) zugeordnet ist und dass das mindestens eine Reinigungselement (248) und das diesem zugeordnete mindestens eine solarthermische Element (62) relativ zueinander bewegbar angeordnet sind.
47. 47. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 46, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich das mindestens eine Reinigungselement (248) parallel oder im Wesentlichen parallel zur Längsachse (64) erstreckt.
48. 48. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 46 oder 47, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Reinigungselement (248) in Form einer Wischbürste oder in Form einer Wischlippe (250) ausgebildet ist.
49. 49. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach einem der Sätze 46 bis 48, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Reinigungselement (242) am mindestens einen solarthermischen Element (62) angeordnet oder ausgebildet ist.
50. 50. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 49, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zwei Reinigungselemente am mindestens einen solarthermischen Element (62) angeordnet oder ausgebildet sind.
51. 51. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach einem der Sätze 46 bis 50, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Reinigungselement (242) am Trägerelement (104) angeordnet oder ausgebildet ist.
52. 52. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach einem der voranstehenden Sätze, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedem solarthermischen Element (62) mindestens ein Windrad (216) zugeordnet ist, insbesondere zur Stromerzeugung.
53. 53. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 52, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Windrad (216) im Bereich eines ersten Endes (176) des solarthermischen Elements (62) angeordnet ist.
54. 54. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 52 oder 53, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes Windrad (216) angeordnet und ausgebildet ist zum Antreiben eines Stromgenerators zum Erzeugen von elektrischem Strom.
55. 55. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach einem der Sätze 52 bis 54, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Reinigungseinrichtung (246) das mindestens eine Windrad (216) umfasst und dass das Windrad (216) antreibbar ausgebildet ist, insbesondere mit elektrischem Strom, zum Erzeugen eines Reinigungsluftstroms, insbesondere zum Abblasen von Schnee und Verschmutzungen vom mindestens einen solarthermischen Element (62).
56. 56. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach einem der voranstehenden Sätze, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das solarthermische Element (62) mindestens ein Luftleitelement (238) umfasst zum Führen einer Luftströmung.
57. 57. Solarthermische Vorrichtung nach Satz 56, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Luftleitelement (238) in Form eines sich parallel oder im Wesentlichen parallel zur Längsachse erstreckenden Vorsprungs (256) ausgebildet ist und/oder von der Schutzhülle (100), insbesondere vom Trägerelement (104), umfasst ist.
58. 58. Solarthermisches Modul (14) umfassend mindestens eine solarthermische Vorrichtung (60), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die solarthermische Vorrichtung (60) in Form einer solarthermischen Vorrichtung (60) nach einem der voranstehenden Sätze ausgebildet ist.
59. 59. Solarthermisches Modul nach Satz 58, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das solarthermische Modul (44) eine Mehrzahl von solarthermischen Vorrichtungen (60) umfasst.
60. 60. Solarthermisches Modul nach Satz 58 oder 59, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Absorptionselemente (66) der solarthermischen Vorrichtungen (60) parallel zueinander angeordnet sind.
61. 61. Solarthermisches Modul nach einem der Sätze 58 bis 60, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das solarthermische Modul (14) einen Halterahmen (214) umfasst und dass das mindestens eine Reinigungselement (248) am Halterahmen (214) feststehend und mit einem freien Ende in Richtung auf die zugeordnete solarthermische Vorrichtung (60) angeordnet oder ausgebildet ist.
62. 62. Solarthermisches Modul nach einem der Sätze 58 bis 61, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass benachbarte solarthermische Elemente (62) zwischen sich einen Strömungskanal (236) definieren.
63. 63. Solarthermisches Modul nach einem der Sätze 58 bis 62, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine Windrad (216) an einem ersten, entgegen der Schwerkraftrichtung erhöhten Ende des Strömungskanals (236) angeordnet ist.
64. 64. Solarthermisches Modul nach Satz 63, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedem Windrad (216) ein Luftführungselement (234) zugeordnet ist und dass das Luftführungselement (234) am ersten Ende des Strömungskanals (236) angeordnet oder ausgebildet ist.
65. 65. Solarthermisches Modul nach einem der Sätze 58 bis 64, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem mindestens einen solarthermischen Element (62) ein Wärmeübertragungselement (186) zugeordnet ist zum Übertragen von mit dem Absorptionselement (66) aufgenommener Wärme auf ein das Wärmeübertragungselement (186) durchströmendes Wärmetauscherfluid (188).
66. 66. Solarthermisches Modul nach Satz 65, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Wärmeübertragungselement (186) am ersten Ende (176) des solarthermischen Elements (62) angeordnet oder ausgebildet ist.
67. 67. Solarthermisches Modul nach Satz 65 oder 66, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Absorptionselement (66) ein Wärmeleitelement (182) umfasst und dass das Wärmeübertragungselement (186) mit dem Wärmeleitelement (182) thermisch wirkverbunden ist.
68. 68. Solarthermisches Modul nach einem der Sätze 65 bis 67, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Absorptionselement (66) und das Wärmeübertragungselement (186) relativ zueinander um die Längsachse (64) verdrehbar angeordnet oder ausgebildet sind.
69. 69. Solarthermisches Modul nach einem der Sätze 58 bis 68, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das solarthermische Modul (14) mindestens eine Messeinrichtung (52) umfasst zum Messen einer auf das Modul (14) auftreffenden Lichtintensität, einer Außentemperatur und/oder einer Umgebungsfeuchtigkeit.
70. 70. Solarthermisches Modul nach Satz 69, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens eine Messeinrichtung (52) mindestens einen Lichtsensor (54), mindestens einen Regensensor (56) und/oder mindestens einen Temperatursensor (58) umfasst.
71. 71. Solarthermisches Modul nach einem der Sätze 58 bis 70, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antriebseinrichtung (162) ausgebildet ist zum synchronen Drehen aller solarthermischen Elemente (62).
72. 72. Solarthermisches Modul nach einem der Sätze 58 bis 70, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antriebseinrichtung (162) ausgebildet ist zum synchronen Drehen von zwei solarthermischen Elementen (62), die benachbart zu beiden Seiten eines solarthermischen Elements (62) angeordnet sind.
73. 73. Solarthermisches Modul nach einem der Sätze 58 bis 72, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antriebseinrichtung (162) ausgebildet ist zum Bewegen benachbarter solarthermischer Elemente (62) unabhängig voneinander.
74. 74. Solarthermisches Modul nach einem der Sätze 58 bis 73, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das solarthermische Modul (14) eine Steuerungseinrichtung (34) umfasst zum Steuern der Antriebseinrichtung (162) in Abhängigkeit von physikalischen Umgebungsparametern des solarthermischen Moduls (14).
75. 75. Solarthermisches Modul nach Satz 74, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mindestens eine Messeinrichtung (52) und die Steuerungseinrichtung (162) steuerungswirksam miteinander verbunden sind.
76. 76. Solarthermisches Modul nach einem der voranstehenden Sätze, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das solarthermische Modul (14) einen Auffangbehälter (242) umfasst.
77. 77. Solarthermisches Modul nach Satz 76, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Auffangbehälter (242) bezogen auf die Schwerkraftrichtung im Bereich eines unteren Endes des solarthermischen Moduls (14) angeordnet oder ausgebildet ist.
78. 78. Solarthermisches Modul nach Satz 76 oder 77, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Auffangbehälter (242) wannenförmig ausgebildet ist und dass die mindestens eine solarthermische Vorrichtung (60) im Auffangbehälter (242) angeordnet oder ausgebildet ist.
79. 79. Solarthermisches Modul nach einem der Sätze 76 bis 78, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das solarthermische Modul (14) eine Heizeinrichtung (244) umfasst zum Beheizen des Auffangbehälters (242), wobei insbesondere die Heizeinrichtung (244) bezogen auf die Schwerkraftrichtung im Bereich eines unteren Endes des Auffangbehälters (242) angeordnet oder ausgebildet ist.
80. 80. Energieversorgungssystem (10), insbesondere für ein Gebäude (12), umfassend mindestens ein solarthermisches Modul (14), insbesondere mehrere Module (14), und einen mit dem mindestens eine solarthermischen Modul (14) wärmeleitungswirksam verbundenen Wärmespeicher (18) zum Speichern der vom mindestens einen solarthermischen Modul (14) aufgenommenen solaren Wärme, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine solarthermische Modul (14) in Form eines solarthermischen Moduls (14) nach einem der Sätze 55 bis 72 ausgebildet ist.
81. 81. Energieversorgungssystem nach Satz 80, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine solarthermische Modul (14) auf einem Dach (20) oder an einer Fassade (22) eines Gebäudes (12) oder an einer Haltevorrichtung angeordnet oder gehalten ist.
82. 82. Energieversorgungssystem nach Satz 81, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine solarthermische Modul (14) bezogen auf die Schwerkraftrichtung (24) geneigt ist, insbesondere parallel oder im Wesentlichen parallel zum Dach (20).
83. 83. Energieversorgungssystem nach einem der Sätze 80 bis 82, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Energieversorgungssystem (10) mindestens einen elektrischen Energiespeicher (26) umfasst zum Speichern von mit dem mindestens einen Photovoltaikelement (18) und/oder dem mindestens einen Windrad (216) des solarthermischen Moduls (14) erzeugten elektrischen Stroms.
84. 84. Energieversorgungssystem nach einem der Sätze 80 bis 83, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Energieversorgungssystem (10) eine zentrale Steuerungseinrichtung (34) umfasst zum Steuern und/oder Regeln von, insbesondere elektrischen, Komponenten desselben in Abhängigkeit von physikalischen Parametern im Gebäude (12) und/oder in einer Umgebung (48) desselben.
85. 85. Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solarthermischen Vorrichtung (60), insbesondere einer solarthermischen Vorrichtung (60) nach einem der Sätze 1 bis 57, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei einem maximalen Wärmebedarf das mindestens eine solarthermische Element (62) in einer Grundstellung mit dem Absorptionselement (66) entgegen oder im Wesentlichen entgegen der Wirkrichtung des solaren Strahlungsfelds ausgerichtet wird.
86. 86. Verfahren nach Satz 85, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei einem im Vergleich zum maximalen Wärmebedarf abnehmenden oder geringeren Wärmebedarf das mindestens eine solarthermische Element (62) mindestens teilweise, insbesondere vollständig, beschattet oder verdeckt wird.
87. 87. Verfahren nach Satz 85 oder 86, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine solarthermische Element (62) einer sich zeitabhängig ändernden Wirkrichtung des solaren Strahlungsfelds nachgeführt wird, insbesondere kontinuierlich.
88. 88. Verfahren nach einem der Sätze 85 bis 87, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei zunehmendem elektrischen Energiebedarf das mindestens eine Photovoltaikelement (118) entgegen oder im Wesentlichen entgegen der Wirkrichtung des solaren Strahlungsfelds ausgerichtet wird.
89. 89. Verfahren nach einem der Sätze 85 bis 88, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mehrzahl solarthermischer Elemente (62) individuell oder in Gruppen in Abhängigkeit eines Wärmebedarfs wahlweise mit dem jeweiligen Absorptionselement (66) oder mit dem Photovoltaikelement (118) entgegen der Wirkrichtung des solaren Strahlungsfeldes ausgerichtet werden.
90. 90. Verfahren nach einem der Sätze 85 bis 89, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine solarthermische Element (62) infolge einer Verschmutzung oder Benetzung mit Wasser oder Bedeckung mit Schnee gereinigt wird, insbesondere in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen.
91. 91. Verfahren nach einem der Sätze 85 bis 90, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine solarthermische Element (62) bei Unterschreiten einer vorgegebenen Lichtintensität des solaren Strahlungsfelds in die Grundstellung bewegt wird.
92. 92. Verfahren nach einem der Sätze 85 bis 91, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in einem Hagelschutzbetriebsmodus das mindestens eine solarthermische Element (62) in einer Hagelschutzstellung derart ausgerichtet wird, dass die Schutzhülle (100) auftreffendem Niederschlag derart entgegengerichtet wird, dass das mindestens eine Photovoltaikelement (118) mit seiner aktiven Fläche (120) in Niederschlagsrichtung weist.
93. 93. Verfahren nach einem der Sätze 85 bis 92, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine solarthermische Element (62) in einem Schneebefreiungsbetriebsmodus in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen bewegt wird, insbesondere um die Längsachse (64) verdreht wird, weiter insbesondere um einen Verdrehwinkel in einem Bereich von etwa 90° bis 270° hin- und herbewegt wird.
94. 94. Verfahren nach einem der Sätze 85 bis 92, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine solarthermische Element (62) in einem Vereisungsschutzbetriebsmodus in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen hin- und herbewegt wird, insbesondere um die Längsachse (64) um einen Verdrehwinkel in einem Bereich von etwa 90° bis 270° hin- und hergedreht wird, wobei weiter insbesondere der Vereisungsschutzbetriebsmodus ausschließlich aktivierbar ist, wenn die auf die solarthermische Vorrichtung (60) auftreffende solare Strahlung einen vorgegebenen unteren Strahlungsgrenzwert unterschreitet.
95. 95. Verfahren nach einem der Sätze 85 bis 94, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine solarthermische Element (62) in einem Überhitzungsschutzbetriebsmodus in einer Hitzeschutzstellung derart ausgerichtet wird, dass die Beschattungseinrichtung (12) das Absorptionselement (66) beschattet, wobei insbesondere das mindestens eine Photovoltaikelement (118) in der Hitzeschutzstellung dem solaren Strahlungsfeld entgegengerichtet ausgerichtet wird.
96. 96. Verfahren nach Anspruch 95, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Überhitzungsschutzbetriebsmodus automatisch aktiviert wird, wenn eine Temperatur des Wärmetauscherfluids einen vorgegebenen Temperaturgrenzwert überschreitet, wobei die Temperatur insbesondere mit einem Temperatursensor gemessen wird.
97. 97. Verfahren nach einem der Sätze 85 bis 96, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das mindestens eine solarthermische Element (62) in einem Windleitbetriebsmodus in einer Windleitstellung derart ausgerichtet, dass ein mit dem mindestens einen zugeordneten Windrad (216) erzeugter Strom einen Maximalwert aufweist.
98. 98. Verfahren nach einem der Sätze 85 bis 97, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der dem mindestens einen Windrad (216) zugeordnete Stromgenerator in einem Windradaktivierungsbetriebsmodus durch Beaufschlagen mit einem Strom für eine Anlaufzeit in Drehung versetzt wird, wobei der Stromgenerator in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen in Drehung versetzt wird.
99. 99. Verfahren nach einem der Sätze 85 bis 98, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Antriebseinrichtung (162) in einem Verklemmschutzbetriebsmodus bei Erreichen einer vorgegebenen Antriebsgrenzkraft deaktiviert wird, wobei insbesondere nach Ablauf einer vorgegebenen Wartezeit das mindestens eine solarthermische Element (62) um die Längsachse (64) um einen Verdrehwinkel in einem Bereich von etwa 90° bis 270° hin- und hergedreht wird.

The above description thus includes in particular the embodiments of solar thermal devices, solar thermal modules, energy supply systems and methods for operating a solar thermal device defined below in the form of numbered sentences:

1. 1. Solar thermal device (60) comprising at least one solar thermal element (62) with an absorption element (66) defining a longitudinal axis (64) for absorbing solar radiation, characterized in that the solar thermal device (60) comprises a shading device (12) for shadowing of the absorption element (66).
2. 2. Solar thermal device according to sentence 1, characterized in that the shading device (112) comprises at least one movably arranged shading element (114) which can be moved from an irradiation position in which the absorption element (66) is unshaded or uncovered to a shading position in which the absorption element (66) is at least partially, in particular completely, shaded or covered against solar radiation impinging on the device (60), is movable and vice versa.
3. 3. Solar thermal device according to sentence 2, characterized in that the at least one shading element (114) comprises at least one photovoltaic element (118).
4. 4. Solar thermal device according to sentence 3, characterized in that an active surface (120) of the photovoltaic element (118) is flat or of the longitudinal axis (64) pointing convexly curved.
5. 5. Solar thermal device according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that the absorption element (66) is tubular.
6. 6. Solar thermal device according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that the solar thermal element (62) comprises a protective cover (100) which extends in the direction of the longitudinal axis (64) and defines an interior space (102), and that the absorption element ( 66) is arranged in the interior (102).
7. 7. Solar thermal device according to sentence 6, characterized in that the protective cover (100) is arranged or formed surrounding the absorption element (66).
8. 8. Solar thermal device according to clause 6 or 7, characterized in that the protective cover (100) is designed in several parts and includes a support element (104) extending parallel to the longitudinal axis 864) and that the at least one photovoltaic element ment (118) is arranged or formed on the carrier element (114) in such a way that an active surface (120) of the photovoltaic element (118) is arranged or formed pointing away from the longitudinal axis (64).
9. 9. Solar thermal device according to clause 8, characterized in that the at least one shading element (114) comprises the carrier element (104) and/or the at least one photovoltaic element (118).
10. 10. Solar thermal device according to sentence 8 or 9, characterized in that the carrier element (104) delimits the interior (102) via a carrier element circumferential angle (116) in relation to the longitudinal axis (64) and that the carrier element circumferential angle (116) is in a range of approximately 30° to about 200°.
11. 11. Solar thermal device according to one of sentences 6 to 10, characterized in that the at least one photovoltaic element (118) forms part of an outer surface (124) of the protective cover (100) pointing away from the longitudinal axis (64).
12. 12. Solar thermal device according to one of sentences 6 to 11, characterized in that the at least one shading element (114) is arranged on the protective cover (100) or is designed in the form of a part of the protective cover (100).
13. 13. Solar thermal device according to one of sentences 6 to 12, characterized in that the protective cover (100) comprises at least one window element (106) extending parallel to the longitudinal axis (64) and in that the at least one window element (106) is transparent to solar radiation or is essentially permeable.
14. 14. Solar thermal device according to sentence 13, characterized in that the at least one window element (106) extends over a circumferential angle (108) in relation to the longitudinal axis (64) and that the circumferential angle (108) is in a range from about 100° to about 210°.
15. 15. Solar thermal device according to sentence 13 or 14, characterized in that the at least one window element (106) comprises at least one, in particular exclusively one, from the longitudinal axis (64) pointing convexly curved window element area (110).
16. 16. Solar thermal device according to one of sentences 13 to 15, characterized in that the at least one window element (106) comprises at least one flat window element area (260, 262), in particular at least two flat, in particular four, window element areas (260, 262), further in particular flat window element areas (260, 262) aligned in pairs in parallel.
17. 17. Solar thermal device according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that the at least one solar thermal element (62) is mirror-symmetrical or substantially mirror-symmetrical in relation to a plane of symmetry (126) containing the longitudinal axis (64).
18. 18. Solar thermal device according to one of sentences 3 to 17, characterized in that the solar thermal element (62) comprises at least one heat sink (128) and that the at least one heat sink (128) is in thermal connection with the at least one photovoltaic element (118). .
19. 19. Solar thermal device according to sentence 18, characterized in that the at least one heat sink (128) forms part of the outer surface (124) of the protective cover (100).
20. 20. Solar thermal device according to sentence 18 or 19, characterized in that the at least one cooling element (128) comprises at least one cooling channel (130) and/or cooling slot (132) extending parallel to the longitudinal axis (64).
21. 21. Solar thermal device according to one of sentences 13 to 20, characterized in that the interior (102) is delimited by at least one reflection surface (142) and that the at least one reflection surface (142) is arranged or designed for reflecting through the window element ( 106) solar radiation entering the interior (102) in the direction of the absorption element (66).
22. 22. Solar thermal device according to sentence 21, characterized in that the absorption element (66) is arranged spatially between the at least one reflection surface (142) and the at least one window element (106).
23. 23. Solar thermal device according to one of sentences 6 to 22, characterized in that the solar thermal element (62) comprises an optical imaging device (144) for imaging and/or deflecting solar radiation impinging on the protective cover (100) onto the absorption element (66 ).
24. 24. Solar thermal device according to clause 23, characterized in that the optical imaging device (144) comprises at least one lens (268) and/or the at least one reflection surface (142).
25. 25. Solar thermal device according to sentence 24, characterized in that the at least one lens (268) is designed in the form of a Fresnel lens (270).
26. 26. Solar thermal device according to sentence 24 or 25, characterized in that the at least one window element (106) comprises the at least one lens (268).
27. 27. Solar thermal device according to one of sentences 21 to 26, characterized in that the at least one reflection surface (142) extends over a reflection surface circumference angle (146) relative to the longitudinal axis (64) and that the reflection surface circumference angle (146) of all reflection surfaces (142) overall ranges from about 30° to about 150°.
28. 28. Solar thermal device according to one of sentences 21 to 27, characterized in that the at least one reflection surface (142) is designed in the form of a highly reflective coating (148) for solar radiation.
29. 29. Solar thermal device according to one of sentences 21 to 28, characterized in that the at least one reflection surface (142) is arranged or formed on a reflection element (150).
30. 30. Solar thermal device according to sentence 29, characterized in that the at least one reflection element (150) is designed in the form of a mirror (152).
31. 31. Solar thermal device according to sentence 29 or 30, characterized in that the solar thermal element (62) comprises only a single reflection element (150).
32. 32. Solar thermal device according to one of sentences 21 to 31, characterized in that the at least one heat sink (128) defines or comprises the at least one reflection surface (142).
33. 33. Solar thermal device according to one of sentences 21 to 32, characterized in that the at least one reflection surface (142) forms or covers at least one cooling element side surface (154) pointing into the interior (102) of the at least one cooling element (128).
34. 34. Solar thermal device according to one of sentences 21 to 33, characterized in that the at least one reflection surface (142) is flat or in the direction of the longitudinal axis (64) pointing concavely curved.
35. 35. Solar thermal device according to one of sentences 2 to 34, characterized in that the shading element (114) and the absorption element (66) are immovably connected to one another, in particular non-rotatably relative to the longitudinal axis (64).
36. 36. Solar thermal device according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that the solar thermal element (62) is arranged or designed to be rotatable about the longitudinal axis (64).
37. 37. Solar thermal device according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that the at least one absorption element (66) is designed in the form of a solar thermal tube collector (68), in particular the solar thermal tube collector (68)
    1. a) comprises at least one flow channel and at least one return channel for a heat exchanger fluid to flow through, or
    2. b) comprises at least one self-contained heat pipe (70).
38. 38. Solar thermal device according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that the solar thermal device (60) comprises a drive device (162) for rotating the at least one solar thermal element (62) about the longitudinal axis (64).
39. 39. Solar thermal device according to sentence 38, characterized in that the at least one drive device (162) comprises at least one motor drive (164), the motor drive (164) in particular being in the form of a mechanical and/or electrical drive, wherein further in particular the mechanical drive is designed in the form of a hydraulic and/or pneumatic drive.
40. 40. Solar thermal device according to sentence 39, characterized in that the electric drive is designed in the form of an electric motor (166), in particular in the form of a stepper motor or a servo motor.
41. 41. Solar thermal device according to clause 39 or 40, characterized in that the drive device (162) comprises at least one first drive element (168) driven by at least one motor drive (164), that the at least one solar thermal element (62) comprises at least one second drive element (170) and that the at least one first drive element (168) and the at least one second drive element ment (170) are arranged or designed to cooperate in order to transmit a driving force of the at least one motor drive (164) to the at least one solar thermal element (62) for rotating the same about the longitudinal axis (64).
42. 42. Solar thermal device according to clause 41, characterized in that the at least one first drive element (168) is designed in the form of a drive spindle (172) and that the at least one second drive element (170) is in the form of a gear wheel (172) corresponding to the drive spindle (172). 174) is formed.
43. 43. Solar thermal device according to sentence 41 or 42, characterized in that the at least one first drive element (168) defines a first drive element longitudinal axis (178), that the at least one second drive element (170) defines a second drive element longitudinal axis (180) and that the first Longitudinal axis (178) of the drive element runs transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to a plane containing the second longitudinal axis (180) of the drive element.
44. 44. Solar thermal device according to sentence 43, characterized in that the longitudinal axis (64) defines the second drive element longitudinal axis (180).
45. 45. Solar thermal device according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that the solar thermal device (60) comprises a cleaning device (146) for cleaning the at least one solar thermal element (62).
46. 46. Solar thermal device according to sentence 45, characterized in that the cleaning device (246) comprises at least one cleaning element (248), that the at least one cleaning element (248) is assigned to at least one solar thermal element (62) and that the at least one cleaning element (248 ) and the at least one solar thermal element (62) associated therewith are arranged such that they can be moved relative to one another.
47. 47. Solar thermal device according to sentence 46, characterized in that the at least one cleaning element (248) extends parallel or substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis (64).
48. 48. Solar thermal device according to sentence 46 or 47, characterized in that the at least one cleaning element (248) is designed in the form of a wiping brush or in the form of a wiping lip (250).
49. 49. Solar thermal device according to one of sentences 46 to 48, characterized in that the at least one cleaning element (242) is arranged or formed on at least one solar thermal element (62).
50. 50. Solar thermal device according to sentence 49, characterized in that two cleaning elements are arranged or formed on at least one solar thermal element (62).
51. 51. Solar thermal device according to one of sentences 46 to 50, characterized in that the at least one cleaning element (242) is arranged or formed on the carrier element (104).
52. 52. Solar thermal device according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that each solar thermal element (62) is assigned at least one wind turbine (216), in particular for generating electricity.
53. 53. Solar thermal device according to sentence 52, characterized in that the wind wheel (216) is arranged in the region of a first end (176) of the solar thermal element (62).
54. 54. Solar thermal device according to sentence 52 or 53, characterized in that each wind wheel (216) is arranged and designed to drive a power generator for generating electricity.
55. 55. Solar thermal device according to one of sentences 52 to 54, characterized in that the cleaning device (246) comprises the at least one wind wheel (216) and that the wind wheel (216) is designed to be drivable, in particular with electricity, to generate a cleaning air flow, in particular for blowing off snow and dirt from at least one solar thermal element (62).
56. 56. Solar thermal device according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that the solar thermal element (62) comprises at least one air guiding element (238) for guiding an air flow.
57. 57. Solar thermal device according to sentence 56, characterized in that the at least one air guiding element (238) is designed in the form of a projection (256) extending parallel or substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis and/or from the protective cover (100), in particular from the carrier element (104) is included.
58. 58. Solar thermal module (14) comprising at least one solar thermal device (60), characterized in that the solar thermal device (60) in the form of a solar thermal device (60) according to any one of the preceding sentences.
59. 59. Solar thermal module according to sentence 58, characterized in that the solar thermal module (44) comprises a plurality of solar thermal devices (60).
60. 60. Solar thermal module according to sentence 58 or 59, characterized in that the absorption elements (66) of the solar thermal devices (60) are arranged parallel to one another.
61. 61. Solar thermal module according to one of sentences 58 to 60, characterized in that the solar thermal module (14) comprises a holding frame (214) and in that the at least one cleaning element (248) is fixed to the holding frame (214) and has a free end in the direction is arranged or formed on the associated solar thermal device (60).
62. 62. Solar thermal module according to one of sentences 58 to 61, characterized in that adjacent solar thermal elements (62) define a flow channel (236) between them.
63. 63. Solar thermal module according to one of sentences 58 to 62, characterized in that the at least one wind turbine (216) is arranged at a first end of the flow channel (236) which is elevated counter to the direction of gravity.
64. 64. Solar thermal module according to sentence 63, characterized in that each wind turbine (216) is assigned an air guide element (234) and that the air guide element (234) is arranged or formed at the first end of the flow channel (236).
65. 65. Solar thermal module according to one of sentences 58 to 64, characterized in that the at least one solar thermal element (62) is assigned a heat transfer element (186) for transferring heat absorbed by the absorption element (66) to a heat transfer element (186) flowing through it heat exchange fluid (188).
66. 66. Solar thermal module according to sentence 65, characterized in that the heat transfer element (186) is arranged or formed at the first end (176) of the solar thermal element (62).
67. 67. Solar thermal module according to sentence 65 or 66, characterized in that the absorption element (66) comprises a heat-conducting element (182) and that the heat-transfer element (186) is thermally operatively connected to the heat-conducting element (182).
68. 68. Solar thermal module according to one of sentences 65 to 67, characterized in that the absorption element (66) and the heat transfer element (186) are arranged or designed to be rotatable relative to one another about the longitudinal axis (64).
69. 69. Solar thermal module according to one of sentences 58 to 68, characterized in that the solar thermal module (14) comprises at least one measuring device (52) for measuring a light intensity incident on the module (14), an outside temperature and/or an ambient humidity.
70. 70. Solar thermal module according to sentence 69, characterized in that the at least one measuring device (52) comprises at least one light sensor (54), at least one rain sensor (56) and/or at least one temperature sensor (58).
71. 71. Solar thermal module according to one of sentences 58 to 70, characterized in that the drive device (162) is designed for synchronous rotation of all solar thermal elements (62).
72. 72. Solar thermal module according to one of sentences 58 to 70, characterized in that the drive device (162) is designed for synchronously rotating two solar thermal elements (62) which are arranged adjacent to both sides of a solar thermal element (62).
73. 73. Solar thermal module according to one of sentences 58 to 72, characterized in that the drive device (162) is designed to move adjacent solar thermal elements (62) independently of one another.
74. 74. Solar thermal module according to one of sentences 58 to 73, characterized in that the solar thermal module (14) comprises a control device (34) for controlling the drive device (162) depending on physical environmental parameters of the solar thermal module (14).
75. 75. Solar thermal module according to clause 74, characterized in that the at least one measuring device (52) and the control device (162) are connected to one another in a control-effective manner.
76. 76. Solar thermal module according to one of the preceding sentences, characterized in that the solar thermal module (14) comprises a collection container (242).
77. 77. Solar thermal module according to sentence 76, characterized in that the collection container (242) is arranged or formed in relation to the direction of gravity in the region of a lower end of the solar thermal module (14).
78. 78. Solar thermal module according to sentence 76 or 77, characterized in that the collecting container (242) is trough-shaped and that the at least one solar thermal device (60) is arranged or configured in the collecting container (242).
79. 79. Solar thermal module according to one of sentences 76 to 78, characterized in that the solar thermal module (14) comprises a heating device (244) for heating the collection container (242), in particular the heating device (244) relative to the direction of gravity in the area of a is arranged or formed at the lower end of the collecting container (242).
80. 80. Energy supply system (10), in particular for a building (12), comprising at least one solar thermal module (14), in particular a plurality of modules (14), and a thermally conductively connected heat accumulator (18) to the at least one solar thermal module (14) for storing the solar heat absorbed by the at least one solar thermal module (14), characterized in that the at least one solar thermal module (14) is designed in the form of a solar thermal module (14) according to one of sentences 55 to 72.
81. 81. Energy supply system according to sentence 80, characterized in that the at least one solar thermal module (14) is arranged or held on a roof (20) or on a facade (22) of a building (12) or on a holding device.
82. 82. Energy supply system according to sentence 81, characterized in that the at least one solar thermal module (14) is inclined relative to the direction of gravity (24), in particular parallel or essentially parallel to the roof (20).
83. 83. Energy supply system according to one of sentences 80 to 82, characterized in that the energy supply system (10) comprises at least one electrical energy store (26) for storing energy with the at least one photovoltaic element (18) and/or the at least one wind turbine (216) of the solar thermal module (14) generated electricity.
84. 84. Energy supply system according to one of sentences 80 to 83, characterized in that the energy supply system (10) comprises a central control device (34) for controlling and/or regulating, in particular electrical, components of the same depending on physical parameters in the building (12) and/or in an environment (48) thereof.
85. 85. A method for operating a solar thermal device (60), in particular a solar thermal device (60) according to one of sentences 1 to 57, characterized in that when there is a maximum heat requirement, the at least one solar thermal element (62) is in a basic position with the absorption element ( 66) is aligned opposite or essentially opposite to the effective direction of the solar radiation field.
86. 86. The method according to sentence 85, characterized in that when the heat requirement decreases or is lower than the maximum heat requirement, the at least one solar thermal element (62) is at least partially, in particular completely, shaded or covered.
87. 87. The method according to sentence 85 or 86, characterized in that the at least one solar thermal element (62) follows a time-dependent changing effective direction of the solar radiation field, in particular continuously.
88. 88. The method according to any one of sentences 85 to 87, characterized in that when the demand for electrical energy increases, the at least one photovoltaic element (118) is aligned opposite or substantially opposite to the effective direction of the solar radiation field.
89. 89. The method according to any one of sentences 85 to 88, characterized in that the plurality of solar thermal elements (62) individually or in groups depending on a heat requirement either with the respective absorption element (66) or with the photovoltaic element (118) against the direction of action of the solar Radiation field are aligned.
90. 90. The method according to any one of sentences 85 to 89, characterized in that the at least one solar thermal element (62) is cleaned as a result of soiling or wetting with water or being covered with snow, in particular at regular time intervals.
91. 91. The method according to any one of sentences 85 to 90, characterized in that the at least one solar thermal element (62) is moved to the basic position when the light intensity of the solar radiation field falls below a predetermined level.
92. 92. The method according to any one of sentences 85 to 91, characterized in that in a hail protection operating mode the at least one solar thermal element (62) is aligned in a hail protection position in such a way that the protective cover (100) is directed against falling precipitation in such a way that the at least one photovoltaic element (118) has its active surface (120) in the direction of precipitation.
93. 93. The method according to any one of sentences 85 to 92, characterized in that the at least one solar thermal element (62) is moved in a snow-clearing operating mode at regular time intervals, in particular rotated about the longitudinal axis (64), more particularly by a twisting angle in one area is reciprocated from about 90° to 270°.
94. 94. The method according to any one of sentences 85 to 92, characterized in that the at least one solar thermal element (62) is moved back and forth at regular time intervals in an anti-icing operating mode, in particular about the longitudinal axis (64) by a twisting angle in a range of approximately 90° to 270° is rotated back and forth, in particular the anti-icing operating mode being exclusively activatable when the solar radiation impinging on the solar thermal device (60) falls below a predetermined lower radiation limit value.
95. 95. The method according to any one of sentences 85 to 94, characterized in that the at least one solar thermal element (62) is aligned in an overheating protection operating mode in a heat protection position such that the shading device (12) shades the absorption element (66), in particular the at least a photovoltaic element (118) is aligned in the opposite direction to the solar radiation field in the heat protection position.
96. 96. The method according to claim 95, characterized in that the overheating protection operating mode is automatically activated when a temperature of the heat exchanger fluid exceeds a predetermined temperature limit value, the temperature being measured in particular with a temperature sensor.
97. 97. The method according to any one of sentences 85 to 96, characterized in that the at least one solar thermal element (62) is aligned in a wind control operating mode in a wind control position such that a current generated with the at least one associated wind wheel (216) has a maximum value.
98. 98. The method according to any one of sentences 85 to 97, characterized in that the power generator assigned to the at least one wind turbine (216) is rotated in a wind turbine activation operating mode by applying a current for a start-up time, the power generator being rotated at regular time intervals will.
99. 99. The method according to any one of sentences 85 to 98, characterized in that the drive device (162) is deactivated in an anti-jamming operating mode when a predetermined drive limit force is reached, with the at least one solar thermal element (62) rotating about the longitudinal axis ( 64) is rotated back and forth by a twisting angle in a range of approximately 90° to 270°.

• 1: eine schematische Darstellung eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines Gebäudes mit einem Energieversorgungssystem;
• 2: eine schematische Darstellung eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels eines solarthermischen Moduls eines Energieversorgungssystems, wobei ;
• 3: eine weitere schematische Darstellung des Ausführungsbeispiels aus 2, wobei solarthermische Einrichtungen des solarthermischen Moduls zur Erzeugung von elektrischem Strom ausgerichtet sind;
• 4: eine vergrößerte Teilansicht der Anordnung aus 2;
• 5: eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht der Anordnung aus 2 von einer Unterseite;
• 6: eine vergrößerte Ansicht eines ersten Endes der Ausführungsbeispiele solarthermischer Vorrichtungen aus 2 mit angekoppelten Wärmetauschereinrichtungen;
• 7: eine weitere schematische perspektivische Ansicht des ersten Endes der solarthermischen Vorrichtungen mit zugeordneten Windrädern;
• 8: eine schematische, teilweise Explosionsdarstellung der Anordnung aus 7;
• 9: eine schematische Darstellung des ersten Endes der solarthermischen Vorrichtungen mit Antriebseinrichtung und Wärmetauschereinrichtung;
• 10: eine schematische, teilweise Explosionsdarstellung der Anordnung aus 9;
• 11: eine Draufsicht auf die Anordnung in 9 in Richtung der Längsachse;
• 12: eine Schnittansicht längs Linie 12-12 in 11;
• 13: eine schematische Explosionsdarstellung des Ausführungsbeispiels einer solarthermischen Vorrichtung aus 2;
• 14: eine Schnittansicht längs Linie 14-14 in 16;
• 15: eine Schnittansicht längs Linie 15-15 in 14 durch einen ersten Endbereich des Ausführungsbeispiels einer solarthermischen Vorrichtung;
• 16: eine vergrößerte teilweise Längsschnittansicht längs Linie 15-15 in 14;
• 17: eine weitere schematische perspektivische Ansicht einer Anordnung ähnlich 9;
• 18: eine schematische, teilweise durchbrochene Ansicht eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines solarthermischen Moduls mit zur Wärmegewinnung ausgerichteten solarthermischen Vorrichtungen;
• 19: eine Ansicht ähnlich 18 beim Abreinigen der solarthermischen Vorrichtungen;
• 20: eine Ansicht ähnlich 19 beim Abreinigen einer Schutzhülle der solarthermischen Vorrichtung;
• 21: eine Ansicht ähnlich 20 beim Abreinigen eines Photovoltaikelements der solarthermischen Vorrichtung;
• 22: eine Schnittansicht eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines solarthermischen Elements;
• 23: eine Schnittansicht eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines solarthermischen Elements;
• 24: eine Schnittansicht eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines solarthermischen Elements;
• 25: eine perspektivische schematische Gesamtansicht eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels eines solarthermischen Moduls;
• 26: eine schematische Darstellung der Anordnung aus 25 mit unterschiedlich ausgerichteten solarthermischen Elementen;
• 27: eine teilweise Explosionsdarstellung des Ausführungsbeispiels einer solarthermischen Vorrichtung aus 25;
• 28: eine vergrößerte Ansicht von zwei benachbarten solarthermischen Vorrichtungen aus 25;
• 29: eine teilweise geschnittene Ansicht längs Linie 29-29 in 28;
• 30: eine schematische Ansicht eines ersten Endes des solarthermischen Moduls aus 25;
• 31: eine schematische Darstellung eines weiteren Ausführungsbeispiels einer Antriebseinrichtung für ein solarthermisches Modul;
• 32: eine Draufsicht auf die Anordnung aus 31;
• 33: eine Seitenansicht eines ersten Endes des solarthermischen Moduls aus 24;
• 34: eine Teilansicht auf einen ersten Endbereich des Ausführungsbeispiels eines solarthermischen Moduls aus 25;
• 35 a) bis t): schematische Darstellungen unterschiedlicher Relativpositionen benachbarter solarthermischer Einrichtungen des Ausführungsbeispiels eines solarthermischen Moduls aus 24.

The following description of preferred embodiments of the invention is used in conjunction with the drawings for more detailed explanation. Show it:

• 1 1: a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a building with an energy supply system;
• 2 : a schematic representation of a first exemplary embodiment of a solar thermal module of an energy supply system, wherein;
• 3 : another schematic representation of the exemplary embodiment 2 , wherein solar thermal devices of the solar thermal module are designed to generate electricity;
• 4 : an enlarged partial view of the arrangement 2 ;
• 5 : a schematic perspective view of the arrangement 2 from a bottom;
• 6 FIG. 12: an enlarged view of a first end of the exemplary solar thermal devices 2 with coupled heat exchanger devices;
• 7 : another schematic perspective view of the first end of the solar thermal devices with associated wind turbines;
• 8th : a schematic, partially exploded view of the arrangement 7 ;
• 9 : a schematic representation of the first end of the solar thermal devices with drive device and heat exchanger device;
• 10 : a schematic, partially exploded view of the arrangement 9 ;
• 11 : a plan view of the arrangement in 9 in the direction of the longitudinal axis;
• 12 : a sectional view taken along line 12-12 in 11 ;
• 13 : a schematic exploded view of the embodiment of a solar thermal device 2 ;
• 14 : a sectional view taken along line 14-14 in 16 ;
• 15 : a sectional view taken along line 15-15 in 14 through a first end portion of the embodiment of a solar thermal device;
• 16 : an enlarged partial longitudinal sectional view taken along line 15-15 in 14 ;
• 17 : another schematic perspective view of an arrangement similar 9 ;
• 18 1: a schematic, partially broken view of an exemplary embodiment of a solar thermal module with solar thermal devices designed for heat generation;
• 19 : a view similar 18 when cleaning the solar thermal devices;
• 20 : a view similar 19 when cleaning a protective cover of the solar thermal device;
• 21 : a view similar 20 when cleaning a photovoltaic element of the solar thermal device;
• 22 : a sectional view of a further embodiment of a solar thermal element;
• 23 : a sectional view of a further embodiment of a solar thermal element;
• 24 : a sectional view of a further embodiment of a solar thermal element;
• 25 1: a perspective schematic overall view of a further exemplary embodiment of a solar thermal module;
• 26 : a schematic representation of the arrangement 25 with differently aligned solar thermal elements;
• 27 : a partially exploded view of the embodiment of a solar thermal device 25 ;
• 28 : an enlarged view of two adjacent solar thermal devices 25 ;
• 29 : a partially sectioned view along line 29-29 in 28 ;
• 30 : a schematic view of a first end of the solar thermal module 25 ;
• 31 : a schematic representation of a further exemplary embodiment of a drive device for a solar thermal module;
• 32 : a plan view of the assembly 31 ;
• 33 : a side view of a first end of the solar thermal module 24 ;
• 34 : a partial view of a first end area of the exemplary embodiment of a solar thermal module 25 ;
• 35 a) to t): schematic representations of different relative positions of adjacent solar thermal devices of the embodiment of a solar thermal module 24 .

In 1 a first exemplary embodiment of an energy supply system 10 is shown schematically. The energy supply system 10 is used as schematically in 1 shown for supplying a building 12 with heat and electrical energy.

The first exemplary embodiment of the energy supply system 10 comprises a total of six solar thermal modules 14. These are shown schematically in 1 Drawn connecting line thermally effective connected to a heat accumulator 18. The heat accumulator 18 is designed to store the solar heat absorbed by the solar thermal module 14 .

In the embodiment of 1 the solar thermal modules 14 are arranged on a roof 20 of the building 12 .

In alternative, non-illustrated exemplary embodiments, one or more solar thermal modules 14 are arranged on a facade 22, a fence, a garage or a separate holding device.

The solar thermal modules 14 are related to the direction of gravity, which is 1 schematically symbolized by the arrow 24, arranged in an inclined manner, namely parallel or essentially parallel to the roof 20.

The power supply system 10 includes in the in 1 Schematically illustrated embodiment, an electrical energy store 26 in the form of a rechargeable battery 28. The electrical energy store 26 is conductively connected to the solar thermal modules 14 via a connecting line 30 shown schematically.

The electrical energy store 26 is connected in a control-effective manner to a control device 34 via a further connecting line 32 . The control device 34 is connected in a control-effective manner to the solar thermal modules 14 via a control line 36 . Another control line 38 is shown schematically in 1 shown to symbolize a control-effective connection of the heat accumulator 18 and the control device 34.

The electrical energy store 26 is designed to store electrical power that is generated with the solar thermal modules 14 . This is explained in more detail below.

The heat accumulator 18 is designed to store solar heat absorbed by the solar thermal modules 14 . The storage medium used in the energy supply system 10 is water, which is transferred to the storage medium via an optional heat exchanger 40, which is connected to the solar thermal modules 14 in a thermally conductive manner via the connecting line 16. The solar thermal module 14 and the connecting line 16 contain a heat exchanger fluid 188 which remains in the liquid state even at temperatures below freezing.

In 1 a water fitting 42 is shown schematically symbolically for a heat consumer. It symbolizes removal points for water, via which, in particular, heated water can be discharged from the heat accumulator 18 .

Furthermore, symbolically in 1 a heating element 44 is drawn in, which is connected via a connecting line 46 to the heat accumulator 18 in a thermally conductive manner. The heating element 44 is designed as a radiator or as a line element to form underfloor or wall heating in order to release heat stored in the heat accumulator 18 to the interior of the building 12 .

The control device 34 is in the embodiment of the 1 designed in the form of a central control device 34 for controlling and/or regulating components thereof depending on physical parameters in the building 12 or in an environment 48 thereof. The components can in particular be the heating elements 44 , the heat accumulator 18 and the electrical energy accumulator 26 .

Furthermore, an electrical consumer 50 is shown schematically and by way of example in 1 shown, which is supplied directly with electricity, which is generated by the solar thermal module 14 and can be operated. Each electrical consumer 50 of the building 12 can optionally also be controlled via the central control device 34 in order to optionally enable the use of electricity which is generated by the solar thermal modules 14 or is provided in the electrical energy store 26 or from an electrical energy supply network .

A measuring unit 52 is optionally assigned to each solar thermal module 14 or to all modules 14 together in order to record physical parameters, in particular of the environment 48 . Each measuring unit 52, also referred to as a measuring device, includes one or more light sensors 54, one or more rain sensors 56 and one or more temperature sensors 58. This makes it possible to use the measuring unit to measure an intensity of the solar radiation field impinging on the solar thermal module and an ambient temperature . It can also be determined whether it is raining or not.

The solar thermal modules 14 include a plurality of solar thermal devices 60 which are of identical or essentially identical design. In the embodiment of 1 each solar thermal module includes 14 identical solar thermal devices 60.

The solar thermal modules 14 have a modular design, so that they can also be designed with a smaller or larger number of solar thermal devices 60 .

Each solar thermal device 60 includes a solar thermal element 62 which includes an absorption element 66 defining a longitudinal axis 64 for absorbing solar radiation.

The absorption element 66 is tubular. In the embodiment of 1 until 19 the absorption element 35 is designed in the form of a solar thermal tube collector 68 and comprises a self-contained heat pipe 70 which is arranged coaxially to the longitudinal axis 64 .

The heat pipe 70 is held on an absorption bracket 72 . The absorption clip 72 is elongated like the heat pipe 70 and comprises a first half-shell 74 that bears against the heat pipe 70 and has a first free end 76. The first half-shell 74 is adjoined by a first connecting section 78 that extends essentially in the radial direction away from the longitudinal axis. The first connecting section 78 is in turn adjoined by a first absorption section 80 which is concentric to the longitudinal axis 64 and extends over approximately 180°. This is connected via a second connecting section 82 to a second half-shell 84 which rests on the heat pipe 70 opposite the first half-shell 74 . A second connection section 86 extends from the second half-shell 84 parallel to the first connection section 78 to a second absorption section 88 which is arranged diametrically opposite the first absorption section 80 . A second free end 90 points to the transition area between the first absorption section 80 and the second connection section 82.

The heat pipe 70 is clamped between the half-shells 74 and 84 . The absorption bracket 72 is formed of a solar radiation absorbing metal such that the heat absorbed by the absorption sections 80 and 88 is conducted via the connecting sections 78, 82 and 86 to the half-shells 74 and 84 and is transferred to the heat pipe 70 by thermal contact with the latter to heat the fluid contained in the interior 92 of the heat pipe.

The absorption element 66 comprises a first casing tube 94 and a second casing tube 96. The first casing tube 94 surrounds the absorption clip 72. The second casing tube 96 surrounds the first casing tube 94, so that a gap 98 remains between the casing tubes 94 and 96, which is evacuated. The cladding tubes 94 and 96 are designed to be transparent to radiation, specifically made of glass.

The solar thermal element 62 also includes a protective cover 100 which extends in the direction of the longitudinal axis 64 and defines an interior space 102 in which the absorption element 66 is arranged. The protective cover 100 thus surrounds the absorption element 66. It is in the case of the 2 until 21 The exemplary embodiment illustrated is made in several parts and comprises a carrier element 104 that extends parallel to the longitudinal axis 64.

The protective cover 100 also includes a window element 106 which extends parallel to the longitudinal axis 64 and which is designed to be permeable or essentially permeable to solar radiation.

In one exemplary embodiment, the window element 106 is made of glass and in a further exemplary embodiment of a plastic.

The window element 106 extends over a circumferential angle 108 with respect to the longitudinal axis 64, which is in a range from approximately 100° to approximately 210°. At the in the 2 until 21 illustrated embodiment, the circumferential angle of the window element 106 is approximately 180 °. The window element 106 is designed in the form of an elongated semi-cylindrical shell and forms a window element area 110 that is convexly curved and points away from the longitudinal axis 64.

The solar thermal device 60 also includes a shading device 112 for shading the absorption element 66. The shading device 112 includes a movably arranged shading element 114, which is from an irradiation position in which the absorption element 66 is unshaded or covered, such as, for example, schematically in FIGS 2 and 4 shown, is movable into a shading position and vice versa. In the shading position, the absorption element 66 is at least partially, such as in FIGS 19 until 20 shown schematically, shaded or covered against incident on the solar thermal device 60 solar radiation.

In the shading position, the shading element 114 can also completely cover the absorption element 66, as is the case in FIG 3 is shown.

The shading element 114 is arranged such that it can rotate about the longitudinal axis 64 . In the embodiment of 2 until 21 the shading element 114 and the absorption element 66 are immovably connected to one another, namely non-rotatably with respect to the longitudinal axis 64. This makes it possible to rotate the solar thermal element 62 as a whole about the longitudinal axis 64.

In the embodiment of 2 until 21 the shading element 114 includes the carrier element 104. The carrier element 104 delimits the interior space 102 via a carrier element circumferential angle 116 with respect to the longitudinal axis 64. The carrier element circumferential angle 116 lies in a range from approximately 30° to approximately 200°. In the embodiment of 2 to 1219, the support element perimeter angle 116 is in a range of about 30° to about 200°. It is about 190°.

The carrier element 104 is impermeable to solar radiation.

Furthermore, the shading element 114 includes one or more photovoltaic elements 118 for generating electric power by absorbing solar radiation. Photovoltaic element 118 has an active surface 120 that is flat and arranged pointing away from longitudinal axis 64 . The photovoltaic element 118 is arranged in a recess 122 of the carrier element 104 which is open and points away from the longitudinal axis 64 . The shading element 114 thus also includes the photovoltaic element 118.

Furthermore, the photovoltaic element 118 forms part of an outer surface 124 of the protective cover 100 pointing away from the longitudinal axis 64. The shading element 114 forms in the exemplary embodiment of FIG 2 until 21 part of the protective cover 100. Together, the window element 106 and the carrier element 104 surround the absorption element 66 over the entire circumference in relation to the longitudinal axis 64.

The solar thermal element 62 is mirror-symmetrical or essentially mirror-symmetrical in relation to a plane of symmetry 126 containing the longitudinal axis 64 .

The solar thermal element 62 also includes a heat sink 128 which is thermally operatively connected to the photovoltaic element 118 . In the embodiment of 2 until 21 the carrier element 104 comprises the heat sink 128. The carrier element 104 is therefore of monolithic design and also assumes the function of the heat sink 128.

The heat sink 128 forms a part of the outer surface 124 of the protective cover 100 in an area which extends between the photovoltaic element 118 and the window element 106 .

The heat sink 128 also includes a plurality of cooling channels 130 in the form of cooling slots 132, which extend parallel to the longitudinal axis 64. The plurality of cooling slots 132 are parallel to the longitudinal axis 64 and parallel to the recess 122 and thus also parallel to the photovoltaic element 118 on the carrier element 104, which is mirror-symmetrical to the plane of symmetry 126 running trained. The cooling slots 132 end in the area of the outer surface 124.

An outer contour of the carrier element 104 and thus also of the heat sink 128 together with the window element 106 forms a cylindrical outer surface area 134 which extends over an outer surface area angle 136 . Another outer surface area 138 is defined by the photovoltaic element 118 . This extends over a further outer surface area angle 140.

The outer surface area angles 136 and 140 add up to the perimeter angle by 360°. In the embodiment of 2 until 21 For example, the outer surface portion angle 140 is approximately 90° and corresponding outer surface angle 136 is approximately 270°.

The interior 102 is delimited by a reflection surface 142 . It is arranged or designed in such a way that solar radiation entering the interior 102 through the window element 106 is reflected in the direction of the absorption element 66 , that is to say is deflected.

The absorption element 66 is spatially arranged between the reflection surface 142 and the window element 106 .

The solar thermal element 62 includes an optical imaging device 144 for imaging and/or deflecting solar radiation impinging on the protective cover 100 onto the absorption element 66. The optical imaging device 144 includes the reflection surface 142.

In the embodiment of 2 until 19 Two reflection surfaces 142 are provided, which extend over a reflection surface circumferential angle 146 in relation to the longitudinal axis 64 . The reflection surface perimeter angles 146 of the two reflection surfaces 142 are each approximately 60°, so that the total reflection surface perimeter angle of all reflection surfaces 142 is in a range from approximately 30° to approximately 150°.

At the in the 2 until 21 Schematically illustrated embodiment, the reflection surfaces 142 are formed in the form of highly reflective coatings 148 for solar radiation, namely on a reflection element 150, which thus forms a mirror 152.

The reflection surface 412 is defined by a heat sink side surface 154 of the heat sink 128 pointing into the interior space 102 . Reflective surface 142 covers or forms heat sink side surface 154 of heat sink 128. Heat sink side surface 154 has two flat heat sink side surface areas 158 and 160 inclined at an angle 156 relative to one another, with heat sink side surface area 160 extending up to window element 106 in the direction of photovoltaic element 118 The heatsink side surface area 158 adjoins the heatsink side surface area 160 and points with a free edge substantially towards a free edge of the heat sink side surface area 160 of the other reflection element 150.

Through the described and in particular in 14 The schematically illustrated positioning of the reflection elements 150 ensures that the solar radiation entering the interior 102 through the window element 106, which would not impinge directly on the absorption element 66, is deflected by the reflection surface 142 on the heat sink side surface area 160 and on the heat sink side surface area 158, so that these too Radiation hits the absorption element 66. In this way, the radiation can be absorbed by the absorption clamp 72 and guided to the heat pipe 70 .

The solar thermal device 60 also includes a drive device 162, which is designed to rotate the solar thermal element 62 about the longitudinal axis 64. Due to the non-rotatable arrangement of the carrier element 104 and thus also the photovoltaic element 118 and the absorption element 66, the shading element can therefore also be driven with the drive device 162 114 are rotated about the longitudinal axis 64.

The drive device 162 includes a motor drive 164, which in the embodiment of 2 until 21 is designed in the form of an electric drive. The electric drive, in turn, is designed in the form of an electric motor 166, optionally as a stepping motor or as a servo motor.

The drive device 162 comprises a first drive element 168 driven by the motor drive 164. The solar thermal element 62 comprises a second drive element 170. The drive elements 168 and 170 are arranged or configured to cooperate in order to transmit a drive force from the motor drive 164 to the solar thermal element 62 in order to rotate it to twist about the longitudinal axis 64 .

The first drive element 168 is in the form of a drive spindle 172 or drive worm. The second drive element 170 is designed in the form of a gear wheel 174 corresponding to the drive worm. The gear wheel 174 is arranged at a first end 176 of the solar thermal element 62 in such a way that the teeth of the gear wheel 174 protrude in the radial direction relative to the longitudinal axis 64 .

The first drive element 168 defines a first drive element longitudinal axis 178. The second drive element 170 defines a second drive element longitudinal axis 180. The two drive element longitudinal axes 178 and 180 run transversely, namely vertically, as in particular in FIG 17 easy to see, to each other, the first drive element longitudinal axis 178 perpendicular to a plane containing the second drive element longitudinal axis 180. In the embodiment of 2 until 21 the longitudinal axis 64 defines the second drive element longitudinal axis 180.

The drive device 162 is also designed in such a way that all the solar thermal elements 62 of the solar thermal module 14 are moved synchronously with the drive 164 , that is to say they can each be rotated about their longitudinal axis 64 . For this purpose, the first drive element 168 is designed with a number of drive spindles 172 corresponding to the number of solar thermal elements 62 , each of which meshes with the gear wheel 174 that is non-rotatably coupled to the solar thermal element 62 .

The drive device 182 is connected to the control device 34 in a control-effective manner, so that an alignment of the solar thermal elements 62 in any rotational position relative to the respective longitudinal axis 64 can be specified.

The absorption element 66 includes a heat-conducting element 182 which protrudes from the first end of the solar thermal element 62 coaxially to the longitudinal axis 64 . It is in the form of a cylindrical head 184 which is approximately 2.5 times larger in diameter than the heat pipe 70 which extends between the half shells 74 and 84 .

A heat transfer element 186 is assigned to the solar thermal element 62 for transferring heat absorbed by the absorption element 66 to a heat exchanger fluid 188 flowing through the heat transfer element 186. The heat transfer element 186 is arranged or formed at the first end 176 of the solar thermal element 62. The heat conducting element 182 is thermally operatively connected to the heat transfer element 186 . This is achieved by a thermal coupler 190 which has a receptacle 192 for the head 184. The receptacle 192 is sized such that an outer surface 194 of the head 184 is in thermal contact with an inner wall surface 196 of the receptacle 192 . The receptacle 192 is designed in the form of a blind hole, which is defined by a sleeve 198 that is closed on one side. On an outer side of the sleeve 198, heat conducting plates 200 project in the radial direction.

The thermal coupler 190 is accommodated in a connection element 202 . The connecting element 202 is in the form of a sleeve closed on one side with a half hollow sphere educated. At this two openings 204 and 206 are offset in the direction of the longitudinal axis. The opening 204 forms an inlet for the heat exchange fluid 188, the opening 206 an outlet. If the heat exchange fluid 188 flows through the opening 204 into the interior of the connection element 202 , it flows forcibly guided through the heat conducting plates 200 parallel to the longitudinal axis 64 in the direction of the first end 176 of the solar thermal element 62 . It is then directed into opening 206 from this end. This design enables a very good heat exchange between the heat coupler 190 heat exchange fluid 188 in order to transfer the solar heat to the heat exchange fluid 188 .

The heat transfer elements 186 of the solar thermal elements 62 of the solar thermal module 14 are arranged downstream of one another, so that the heat exchange fluid 188 always flows from the opening 206 to the opening 204 of the adjacently arranged heat transfer element 186 . The heat exchange fluid 188 thus flows through all heat transfer elements 186 of the solar thermal module 14 in succession. The heat exchange fluid 188 is then routed to the heat accumulator 18 through a return line 208 , in particular via the connecting line 16 which is coupled to the return line 208 .

As described, the solar thermal element 62 and the heat transfer element 186 are arranged or designed such that they can be rotated relative to one another about the longitudinal axis 64 . In particular, the head 184 is rotatable within the receptacle 192 of the thermal coupler 190 .

The solar thermal element 62 is provided with a closure element 210 in the area of the first end 176 which closes the interior space 102 transversely to the longitudinal axis 64 . The closure member 210 further includes a sleeve portion 212 which extends toward the first end 176 and which supports the gear 174 . The sleeve section 212 is closed in the region of the first end 176 with a cover 214 through which the heat pipe 70 with the head 184 is led out.

The solar thermal module 14 also includes several wind turbines 216, also referred to as wind generators. One or two wind turbines 216 are assigned to each solar thermal element 62 . Each wind wheel 216 defines a wind wheel longitudinal axis 218 which runs parallel to the longitudinal axes 64 of the solar thermal elements 62 .

An air duct housing 220 is assigned to each wind turbine 216 . It is designed in the form of a hood with an inlet opening 222 open towards the solar thermal elements 62 . The hood 224 is connected to a cover 226 which serves to cover the drive device 162 .

The wind turbines 216 arranged in the area of the first end 176 of the solar thermal element 62 are designed to drive an integrated current generator for generating electric current. For this purpose, the wind wheel 216 can be used as part of an electric fan, which uses the motor of the fan 228 as a power generator to generate electricity when it flows through a fan wheel opening 230 in which a fan wheel 232 is held rotatably.

As in particular in the 20 and 21 clearly visible, the wind turbines 216 are each positioned between two solar thermal elements 62, but the wind turbine longitudinal axes 218 define a plane which runs parallel to a plane defined by the longitudinal axes 64 of the solar thermal elements 62, specifically above the same.

Is the solar thermal module 14 as shown schematically in 1 shown mounted on a sloping roof 20 of a building 12 , air flowing over the solar thermal module 14 may be directed between two adjacent solar thermal elements 62 to an air duct element 234 formed by the air duct housing 220 . In particular, a thermal air flow that develops when the solar thermal module 14 is heated and flows against the direction of gravity in the direction of the first end 176 of the solar thermal elements 62 can be used to generate electricity, regardless of whether the solar thermal elements 62 are in a Shading or an irradiation position are aligned.

As described, adjacent solar thermal elements 62 define a flow channel 236 between them. The wind turbines 216 are each arranged at an end of the flow channel 236 that is raised against the direction of gravity. Correspondingly, an air guiding element 234 is also arranged or formed at this end of the flow channel 236 .

The absorption elements 66 and thus also the solar thermal elements 62 of the solar thermal device 60 are aligned parallel to one another.

The solar thermal element 62 also includes an air guiding element 238 for guiding an air flow as described. The air guide element 238 is in the embodiment of 2 until 21 formed by the protective cover 100 or comprised by this.

For easy installation of the solar thermal module 14, it includes a holding frame 240. The holding frame 240 is in the embodiment 2 until 21 formed as part of a collecting container 242 of the solar thermal module 14 . The collection container 242 is designed in the shape of a trough and is used, for example, to collect snow or other precipitation in solid form. Furthermore, the solar thermal device 60 is arranged in the collection container 242 . The collection container 242 also serves to protect the components of the solar thermal module 14 at the same time.

In one exemplary embodiment, the solar thermal module 14 includes a heating device 244 for heating the collecting container 242. The heating device 244 is then arranged or formed in the region of a lower end of the collecting container 242 in relation to the direction of gravity. Snow and ice can be melted by appropriate heating and drained off as water.

In an alternative exemplary embodiment, the collection container is arranged or formed in the area of a lower end of the solar thermal module 14 in relation to the direction of gravity.

Furthermore, the solar thermal device 60 includes a cleaning device 246 for cleaning the solar thermal element 62. The cleaning device 246 includes one or more cleaning elements 248 2 until 21 illustrated embodiment, a cleaning element 248 is assigned to each solar thermal element 262 . Furthermore, the cleaning element 248 and the solar thermal element 62 assigned to it are designed to be movable relative to one another. The mobility results in particular from the rotatable arrangement of the solar thermal element 62 and from the deformability or mobility of the cleaning element 248.

As in the 18 until 21 clearly visible, the cleaning element 248 is designed in the form of a wiper lip 250 in the exemplary embodiment shown. The cleaning element 248, i.e. in the specific case the wiper lip 250, thus extends parallel to the longitudinal axis 64.

The wiper lip 250 is positioned in such a way that it is in a basic position, as shown in 18 is shown schematically, a plane containing the longitudinal axis 64 of the solar thermal element 62 is defined. The cleaning element 242 is arranged or formed on the holding frame 240 as shown schematically.

In an alternative exemplary embodiment, which is not shown, the cleaning element 248 is designed in the form of a wiping brush. Their function corresponds to the function in the 18 until 21 illustrated wiper lips 250.

In a further alternative exemplary embodiment, the cleaning element 248 is designed in the form of a rotating scraper brush, the longitudinal axis of which runs parallel to the longitudinal axis 64 .

A cleaning of the solar thermal element 62 takes place in the embodiment of FIG 2 until 21 by rotating the same relative to the fixed cleaning element 248. During such a rotation, the wiper lip 250 brushes against the outer surface 124 of the protective cover 100 and thus removes deposits and dirt.

In particular, snow that has been scraped off can be caught in the collecting container 242 and melted by means of the heating device 244 and thus removed from the solar thermal module 14 in a defined manner.

In the exemplary embodiment shown and described, the cleaning device 246 also includes one or all wind turbines 216. These can be driven with electricity in order to generate a cleaning air flow. In particular, dirt such as leaves or dust that is not adhering to it, as well as dry snow, can be blown off the solar thermal element 62 .

As already explained, the measuring unit 252 forms a measuring device with which a light intensity impinging on the solar thermal module 14, an outside temperature and/or an ambient humidity can be measured. For this purpose, the measuring device includes a light sensor 54, one or more rain sensors 56 or one or more temperature sensors 58 or temperature sensors.

The drive device 162 is in the embodiment of 2 until 21 designed for synchronous rotation of all solar thermal elements 62.

As already explained, the control device 34 is also designed to control the drive device 162 as a function of physical environmental parameters of the solar thermal module. For this purpose, the measuring unit 52 and the control device 162 is connected to one another in a control-effective manner.

The solar thermal device 60 described, and therefore all solar thermal devices 60 that are included in a solar thermal module 14, can be operated in particular in different ways.

In order to cover a maximum heat requirement of the building 12, the solar thermal elements 62 are aligned in a basic position with the absorption element 66 opposite or substantially opposite to the effective direction of the solar radiation field. This basic position is shown schematically, for example, in 2 shown. In this case, the shading elements 114 do not cover the absorption elements 66 so that incident solar radiation can heat up the absorption elements 66 . As described, the heat absorbed can then be transferred to the heat exchange fluid 188 and fed to the heat accumulator 18 .

If the heat requirement of the building 12 decreases or is less than the amount of heat that can be provided by the solar thermal element 62, then the solar thermal element 62 can, based on the in 2 orientation shown may be partially or fully shadowed or obscured. For example, a fully concealed position is in 3 shown. Here the solar thermal elements 62 are opposite to those in 2 shown position rotated by 180 ° about the longitudinal axis 64. Partially covered shading positions are shown schematically in 19 and 20 shown.

Taking into account environmental parameters, in particular a position of the sun, the solar thermal elements 62 of each solar thermal module 14 can track a time-dependent changing effective direction of the solar radiation field. Such tracking can in particular take place continuously.

If the heat accumulator 18 is loaded with maximum heat, the solar thermal elements 62 can be rotated about the longitudinal axis 64 in such a way that the carrier elements 104 with the photovoltaic element 118 are aligned in the opposite direction to the solar radiation field. Thus, instead of absorbing solar heat, the solar radiation field can be used to generate electrical power using the photovoltaic elements 118 .

A stepless alignment of the solar thermal elements 62 allows any conditions in the generation of electricity and heat with the solar thermal device 60 of the solar thermal module 14.

In particular, the control device 34 also enables operation in such a way that the solar thermal elements 62 are cleaned as a result of contamination or wetting with water or covering with snow. Such cleaning can take place at regular time intervals. For example, in winter, when it rains, the solar thermal elements 62 can be rotated every 15 minutes in order to shake off snow. Furthermore, depending on a light intensity, each solar thermal element 62 can be moved into a predefined basic position, for example into the position in which the shading element 114 covers the absorption element 66 or completely exposes it.

In the 22 until 24 three further exemplary embodiments of solar thermal elements 62 of solar thermal devices 60 are shown schematically. They differ in their structure only in the configuration of the respective carrier elements 104. Thus, for the structure of the solar thermal elements 62, reference can be made to the above description. In the drawings, therefore, the same reference numbers are used for identical or similar components as in particular in 14 used.

The carrier element 104 has an outer contour which corresponds to an outer contour of the carrier element 104, as shown schematically in 14 is shown. In this exemplary embodiment, only enclosed cooling channels 130 are provided, no cooling slots. Here, too, the cooling channels 130 run parallel to the longitudinal axis 64 , so that heat absorbed by the photovoltaic element 118 can be dissipated via the heat sink 118 , specifically in that air flows through the cooling channels 130 . The cooling channels 130 have different sizes and cross-sectional shapes and penetrate the essentially half-shell heat sink 128.

At the in 23 Schematically illustrated embodiment, the heat sink 128 comprises a total of only six cooling channels. Whose shape is similar to that of the plurality of cooling passages 130 in the embodiment of FIG 22 defined cooling areas. However, a total cross section of the cooling channels 130 is in the embodiment of FIG 23 significantly larger than the embodiment of the 22 . Based on the embodiment of 23 you get the heat sink 128 of the embodiment of 22 , in that the cooling channels 130 are each subdivided into smaller cooling channels 130 with a plurality of separating webs 252 .

In the embodiment of 24 border on the heat sink side surface area 160 no cooling channels, as in the embodiments of FIG 22 and 23 the case is. Rather, a large incision 254 is provided here, which is delimited on one side by a projection 256 . A groove 258 is formed on the projection 256 . The symmetrical configuration of the solar thermal element 62 thus enables the photovoltaic element 118 to be inserted into the two grooves 258, which are open towards one another, of the two projections 256 pointing in opposite directions.

The projections 256 can be used in conjunction with the incisions 254 in particular to remove snow on the solar thermal module 14 when the solar thermal element 62 rotates about the longitudinal axis 64 . In this case, the carrier element 104 serves as a kind of snow shovel. Optimal removal of snow is possible in particular by rotating the solar thermal element 62 in different directions, so that both recesses and projections 154, 256 can be used to clear snow.

Another embodiment of a solar thermal module 14 is shown schematically in FIGS 25 until 35 shown. It agrees in its structure to a large extent with the embodiment of 2 until 21 match, so that identical or functionally similar components are denoted by the same reference numerals.

A major difference in the embodiment of 25 until 35 is the configuration of the protective cover 100 and the carrier element 104. The protective cover 100 comprises a window element 106, as is particularly the case in FIGS 27 and 28 is shown schematically. It comprises a window element region 110 which points away from the longitudinal axis 64 and is opposite the carrier element 104 and which is convexly curved. The window element 106 is mirror-symmetrical to the plane of symmetry 126 .

Two flat window element regions 260 running parallel to one another extend on both sides of the window element region 110 and merge into two further flat window element regions 262 which are angled thereto and point away from one another in opposite directions. Free ends 264 each transition into a planar heat sink side surface area 158 which forms an angle of approximately 45° with the respective window element areas 262 .

The heat sink side surface areas 160 close similar to the embodiment of FIG 2 until 21 and as in 14 shown, two heat sink side surface areas 158. These are connected to one another via a convexly curved sleeve-like heat sink side surface section 266 pointing away from the longitudinal axis. An interior space 102 is thus defined, in which the absorption element 66 is arranged.

The heat sink side surface areas 158 and 160 are provided with a reflective coating 148 and in this way form reflective elements 150 in the form of mirrors 152.

A lens 268 of the optical imaging device 144 is arranged on the window element area 110, specifically in the form of a Fresnel lens 270. Solar radiation impinging on the window element area 110 is directed onto the absorption element 66 by means of this lens 268. Radiation entering through the window element regions 262 and 260 either strikes the absorption element 66 directly or is deflected onto the absorption element 66 by means of the reflection elements 150 .

The carrier element 104 has a contour on its side facing the protective cover 110 which is adapted to the contour which is defined by the heat sink side surface areas 158 , 160 and the heat sink side surface section 266 . A recess for the photovoltaic element 118 is formed on the carrier element 104 on a side facing away from the interior 102 . Thus, in this exemplary embodiment as well, the carrier element 104 in connection with the photovoltaic element 118 forms part of the shading device 112 in order to completely or partially cover the absorption element 66 .

Also formed on the carrier element 104 are two receiving grooves 272 which are open, pointing away from one another essentially in the diametrical direction and which enclose an opening angle between them which is somewhat smaller than 180°. Cleaning elements 248 in the form of wiper lips 250 are inserted into the receiving grooves 272 and protrude laterally beyond the carrier element 104 .

Three cooling slots 132 running parallel to one another are formed between the receiving grooves 272 and a section of the carrier element 104 lying against the heat sink side surface area 160 . These also run approximately parallel to the respective adjacent heat sink side surface areas 160.

A further difference in this exemplary embodiment is the configuration of the drive device 162. It comprises two drives 164 in the form of electric motors 166. Each drive 164 drives a first drive element 168 in each case.

The two first drive elements 168 each comprise a drive spindle 172 which is associated with a second drive element 170 in the form of a gear wheel 174 . In this exemplary embodiment, the drive device 162 is designed for the synchronous rotation of two solar thermal elements 62, between which another solar thermal element 62 is arranged. In other words, each first drive element 168 does not drive directly adjacent solar thermal elements 62, but only every second one. In this way, it is possible to use the drive device to move adjacent solar thermal elements 62 independently of one another. This is explained in more detail below, particularly in connection with 35 .

The second drive elements 170 are each arranged on the closure element 210 . The two first drive elements 168 run parallel to one another and in turn in a plane which runs perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 64 of the solar thermal module 14 .

The first drive elements 168 are equipped with the drive spindles 172 in such a way that only every second toothed wheel 174 can interact with the drive spindles 172 of the respective first drive element 168 . As in 32 As can easily be seen, this results in two drive trains, which on the one hand drive the gear wheels 174 that are arranged closer to the heat transfer elements 186 and on the other hand the gear wheels 174 that are further away from the heat transfer elements 186.

The design of the heat transfer elements 186 and the functioning of the heat transfer from the absorption element 66 to the heat exchange fluid 188 corresponds to that above in connection with the exemplary embodiment of FIG 2 until 21 described structure.

The design and arrangement of the wind turbines 216 for generating electricity through air rising along the solar thermal elements 62 also corresponds to the structure described above.

Due to the different design of the protective cover 100, further optimized flow channels 236 are formed in this exemplary embodiment, on the one hand when the window element regions 110 are aligned in a manner as shown schematically in FIG 25 illustrated basic position between the mutually facing window element areas 260 of adjacent solar thermal elements 62, such a flow channel 236 is additionally delimited by the window element areas 262 of the adjacent solar thermal elements 62 and is open pointing against the direction of gravity. Further flow channels 236 are formed between the heat sink side surface areas 160 of adjacent solar thermal elements 62 and the respective support elements 104 in the area of the cooling slots 132 up to the cleaning elements 248 .

In the described exemplary embodiments of solar thermal devices 60, the wind turbines 216 can also be actively operated. In other words, current can be applied to the fans 228 in order, for example, to blow off loose dirt such as dust and leaves, but also precipitation in the form of snow and rain, from the solar thermal elements 62 .

The cleaning device 246 with the cleaning elements 248 arranged on the carrier elements 104 enables the mutual cleaning of adjacent solar thermal elements by correspondingly coordinated movements of adjacent solar thermal elements 62 relative to one another. 35 shows schematically in figures a) to t) sequences of relative movements showing the wiping of surface areas of the adjacent solar thermal elements 62.

In position a), the free ends of the wiper lips 250 are in contact with an adjacent carrier element and wipe the notch 254 starting from the groove 258 . In position b), the movement is indicated by dashed arrows, so that the wiper lips 250 touch the transition area between the heat sink side surface area 160 and the window element area 262 at the end of this movement.

The schematic representations c) and d) correspond to the positions according to a) and b) for the adjacent solar thermal elements 62 in reverse manner.

The positions shown in e) and f) correspond to the relative movement arrangement according to a) and b).

The movement positions g) and h) correspond to the movement positions c) and d) of adjacent solar thermal elements 62 relative to one another.

To clean the window element area 110 , adjacent solar thermal elements 62 are aligned in such a way that the cleaning element 248 contacts the window element area 110 at the transition to the window element area 260 . The solar thermal element 62, whose wiper lip 250 is used for cleaning, remains in this position and the adjacent solar thermal element 62 is rotated about its longitudinal axis 64 past the wiper lip 250 . This movement is shown schematically in j).

The illustrations k) and I) show the cleaning of the window element area 110 on the solar thermal element 62, which remains in a defined aligned position in the sequence according to i) and j) and whose wiper lip 250 is used for cleaning.

The special shape of the protective cover 100 and the carrier element 104 also enables the photovoltaic element 118 to be wiped off with a wiper lip 250 of the adjacent solar thermal element 62. During this wiping process, however, both solar thermal elements 62 are moved simultaneously so that the wiper lip 250 is in contact to wipe off the photovoltaic element 118 can stay with this. Here both solar thermal elements 62 are rotated in the same direction. This process is shown schematically in the motion sketches m) to p).

In the movement sketches q) to t), a cleaning of the photovoltaic elements 118 of adjacent solar thermal elements 62 is shown schematically in a manner analogous to that according to m) to p).

As explained, the exemplary embodiments of energy supply systems 10 described make it possible to use solar radiation in order to generate heat and/or electricity. The solar thermal elements 62 of the solar thermal modules 14 can be aligned accordingly depending on the respective heat or electricity requirement.

Furthermore, the described exemplary embodiments of solar thermal modules 14 enable them to be cleaned automatically by means of the cleaning devices 246 provided, namely by appropriate activation of the drives 164 by the control device 34.

The solar thermal modules 14 described can be used in any number and size, that is to say in particular comprising a different number of solar thermal elements 62 .

For a defined orientation of the solar thermal elements 62, one exemplary embodiment provides for a potentiometer to be assigned to the first drive elements 168, so that a position of the solar thermal elements 62 can be determined at any time by measuring the respective resistance. This has the advantage that the position or orientation of the solar thermal elements 62 can also be determined in a simple manner in the event of a power failure or a restart of the system. In one exemplary embodiment, a translation between the drives 164 and the associated potentiometers corresponds to a translation between the first drive elements 168 and the second drive elements 170. Translations in a range from 1:40 to 1:80, in particular 1:65, are advantageous.

As described above, the solar thermal elements 62 can be moved into a basic position in which the absorption elements 66 are uncovered by the shading elements 114 . In what is known as a “photovoltaic position”, the solar thermal elements 62 are rotated by 180° in relation to the basic position. The photovoltaic elements 118 essentially point in the opposite direction to the direction of gravity.

As explained in particular in the embodiment of 25 until 35 mixed positions of the solar thermal elements 62 of a solar thermal module 14 are also possible. 26 shows schematically the alternating orientation of solar thermal elements with the photovoltaic element 118 against the direction of gravity and with the window element area 110 against the direction of gravity. In this way, one half of the solar thermal elements 62 can be used to generate electricity and the other half to generate heat. The ratio between heat and power generation can ultimately be continuously adjusted by rotating the adjacent solar thermal elements 62 in different positions relative to each other. Different positions in this sense are in 35 shown in the schematic sketches a) to t).

Furthermore, tracking of the solar thermal elements 62 according to the course of the sun is possible by appropriate rotation about the respective longitudinal axis 64, controlled by the control device 34.

The cleaning of the solar thermal elements 62 can, as described, take place at regular intervals or also depending on dirt or precipitation. Measured values, for example from the rain sensor 56, can be used for this purpose.

When there is no solar radiation, for example at night, the energy supply system 10 is ideally moved into an inactive position in which the photovoltaic element 118 faces the roof 20 or the facade 22 . The protective cover 100 can be designed to be weatherproof here. In this inactive position, the cleaning can be done in particular when the solar thermal elements 62 with Precipitation are applied and an outside temperature is lower than a limit, for example 2 ° C, to free the solar thermal elements 62 of snow. This can be done, for example, every 15 minutes. With this procedure, it is then not necessary to clean the photovoltaic elements 118 or to remove snow.

With the exemplary embodiments of energy supply systems 10 described, it is possible to supply a building 12 practically completely with thermal energy and electricity. In particular, the solar thermal modules 14 allow more space to be used for heat generation when it is needed, ie in particular in autumn and winter, compared to conventional solar thermal modules in which the solar thermal elements 62 cannot be shaded. In the summer, when there is less heat demand, the proposed solar thermal elements 62 with their photovoltaic elements 118 can then be used to generate electricity to the extent that no heat is required in the building 12 . In other words, the solar thermal modules 14 can be optimized for the heat requirement in winter. This is a major difference to the solar thermal systems currently in use, which are designed in such a way that there is no overheating in summer. The reason for this lies in the lack of shading options. As a result, heat requirements in winter can only be partially covered with conventional systems, if at all.

Reference List

10

power supply system

12

building

14

solar thermal module

16

connection line

18

heat accumulator

20

roof

22

facade

24

Arrow

26

electrical energy storage

28

battery

30

connection line

32

connection line

34

control device

36

control line

38

control line

40

heat exchanger

42

water fitting

44

heating element

46

connection line

48

Vicinity

50

consumer

52

unit of measure

54

light sensor

56

rain sensor

58

temperature sensor

60

solar thermal device

62

solar thermal element

64

longitudinal axis

66

absorption element

68

tube collector

70

heat pipe

72

absorption clamp

74

first half shell

76

first free end

78

first connection section

80

first absorption section

82

second connection section

84

second half shell

86

third connection section

88

second absorption section

90

second free end

92

inner space

94

first cladding tube

96

second cladding tube

98

gap

100

protective cover

102

inner space

104

carrier element

106

window element

108

circumferential angle

110

widget pane

112

shading device

114

Support member perimeter angle

118

photovoltaic element

120

active area

122

recess

124

outer surface

126

plane of symmetry

128

heatsink

130

cooling channel

132

cooling slot

134

exterior surface area

136

outer surface area angle

138

exterior surface area

140

outer surface area angle

142

reflection surface

144

optical imaging device

146

reflecting surface perimeter angle

148

coating

150

reflection element

152

mirror

154

heatsink side surface

156

angle

158

heatsink side surface area

160

heatsink side surface area

162

drive device

164

drive

166

electric motor

168

first drive element

170

second drive element

172

drive spindle

174

gear

176

first end

178

first longitudinal drive axis

180

second longitudinal drive axis

182

heat conducting element

184

head

186

heat transfer element

188

heat exchange fluid

190

thermal coupler

192

Recording

194

outer surface

196

wall surface

198

sleeve

200

heatsink

202

connection element

204

opening

206

opening

208

return

210

closure element

212

sleeve section

214

lid

216

windmill

218

longitudinal axis of the wind turbine

220

air guide housing

222

intake port

224

Hood

226

cover

228

Fan

230

fan opening

232

fan wheel

234

air guide element

236

flow channel

238

air deflector

240

holding frame

242

collection container

244

heating device

246

cleaning device

248

cleaning element

250

wiper lip

252

divider

254

incision

256

head Start

258

groove

260

widget pane

262

widget pane

264

End

266

heatsink side surface section

268

lens

270

Fresnel lens

272

receiving groove

Claims (42)

Solar thermal device (60) comprising at least one solar thermal element (62) with a longitudinal axis (64) defining an absorption element (66) for absorbing solar radiation, characterized in that the Solar thermal device (60) comprises a shading device (12) for shading the absorption element (66). Solar thermal device after claim 1 , characterized in that the shading device (112) comprises at least one movably arranged shading element (114) which can be moved from an irradiation position in which the absorption element (66) is unshaded or uncovered to a shading position in which the absorption element (66) is at least partially is, in particular completely, shaded or covered against the device (60) incident solar radiation, is movable and vice versa. Solar thermal device after claim 2 , characterized in that the at least one shading element (114) comprises at least one photovoltaic element (118), in particular an active surface (120) of the photovoltaic element (118) being flat or convexly curved pointing away from the longitudinal axis (64). Solar thermal device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the absorption element (66) is tubular. Solar thermal device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solar thermal element (62) comprises a protective cover (100) which extends in the direction of the longitudinal axis (64) and defines an inner space (102), and that the absorption element (66) is arranged in the interior (102), wherein in particular the protective cover (100) is arranged or formed surrounding the absorption element (66). Solar thermal device after claim 5 , characterized in that the protective cover (100) is designed in several parts and comprises a carrier element (104) extending parallel to the longitudinal axis (64) and in that the at least one photovoltaic element (118) is arranged or designed on the carrier element (114) in such a way that an active surface (120) of the photovoltaic element (118) is arranged or formed pointing away from the longitudinal axis (64), in particular a) the at least one shading element (114), the carrier element (104) and/or the at least one photovoltaic element (118) and/or b) the carrier element (104) delimits the interior (102) via a carrier element circumferential angle (116) in relation to the longitudinal axis (64) and wherein the carrier element circumferential angle (116) is in a range from approximately 30° to approximately 200°. Solar thermal device after claim 5 or 6 , characterized in that a) the at least one photovoltaic element (118) forms part of an outer surface (124) of the protective cover (100) pointing away from the longitudinal axis (64) and/or b) the at least one shading element (114) on the protective cover (100) arranged or in the form of a part of the protective sleeve (100). Solar thermal device according to one of Claims 5 until 7 , characterized in that the protective cover (100) comprises at least one window element (106) extending parallel to the longitudinal axis (64) and in that the at least one window element (106) is permeable or essentially permeable to solar radiation, wherein in particular a) the at least one window element (106) extends over a circumferential angle (108) in relation to the longitudinal axis (64) and the circumferential angle (108) is in a range from approximately 100° to approximately 210°, and/or b) the at least one window element ( 106) comprises at least one, in particular exclusively one, convexly curved window element area (110) pointing away from the longitudinal axis (64) and/or c) the at least one window element (106) comprises at least one flat window element area (260, 262), in particular at least two flat, in particular four, window element areas (260, 262), further in particular flat window element areas (260, 262) aligned parallel in pairs. Solar thermal device according to one of claims 3 until 8th , characterized in that the solar thermal element (62) comprises at least one heat sink (128) and that the at least one heat sink (128) is in thermal connection with the at least one photovoltaic element (118), in particular the at least one heat sink (128) a ) forms part of the outer surface (124) of the protective cover (100) and/or b) comprises at least one cooling channel (130) and/or cooling slot (132) extending parallel to the longitudinal axis (64). Solar thermal device after claim 8 or 9 , characterized in that the interior (102) is delimited by at least one reflection surface (142) and that the at least one reflection surface (142) is arranged or designed to reflect solar radiation entering the interior (102) through the window element (106). towards the absorption element (66), wherein in particular a) the absorption element (66) is arranged spatially between the at least one reflection surface (142) and the at least one window element (106) and/or b) the at least one reflection surface (142) extends over a reflection surface circumferential angle (146) relative to the longitudinal axis (64) and the reflection surface perimeter angle (146) of all reflection surfaces (142) as a whole is in a range from about 30° to about 150°. Solar thermal device according to one of Claims 5 until 10 , characterized in that the solar thermal element (62) comprises an optical imaging device (144) for imaging and/or deflecting solar radiation impinging on the protective cover (100) onto the absorption element (66), in particular the optical imaging device (144) at least a lens (268) and/or which comprises at least one reflection surface (142), wherein in particular a) the at least one lens (268) is designed in the form of a Fresnel lens (270) and/or b) the at least one window element (106) comprising at least one lens (268). Solar thermal device after claim 10 or 11 , characterized in that the at least one reflection surface (142) is designed in the form of a highly reflective coating (148) for solar radiation. Solar thermal device according to one of Claims 10 until 12 , characterized in that the at least one reflection surface (142) is arranged or formed on a reflection element (150), wherein in particular a) the at least one reflection element (150) is formed in the form of a mirror (152) and/or b) the solar thermal Element (62) comprises only a single reflection element (150). Solar thermal device according to one of Claims 10 until 13 , characterized in that a) the at least one heat sink (128) defines or comprises the at least one reflection surface (142) and/or b) the at least one reflection surface (142) has at least one heat sink side surface (154) pointing into the interior (102) of the forms or covers at least one heat sink (128) and/or c) the at least one reflective surface (142) is flat or concavely curved in the direction of the longitudinal axis (64). Solar thermal device according to one of claims 2 until 14 , characterized in that a) the shading element (114) and the absorption element (66) are immovably connected to one another, in particular in a rotationally fixed manner relative to the longitudinal axis (64) and/or b) the solar thermal element (62) can be rotated about the longitudinal axis (64). is arranged or formed. Solar thermal device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the at least one absorption element (66) is designed in the form of a solar thermal tube collector (68), with the solar thermal tube collector (68) in particular having a) at least one flow channel and at least one return channel for flow through comprises a heat exchanger fluid or b) comprises at least one self-contained heat pipe (70). Solar thermal device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solar thermal device (60) comprises a drive device (162) for rotating the at least one solar thermal element (62) about the longitudinal axis (64). Solar thermal device after Claim 17 , characterized in that the at least one drive device (162) comprises at least one motor drive (164), with the motor drive (164) in particular being designed in the form of a mechanical and/or electric drive, with further in particular a) the mechanical drive in is in the form of a hydraulic and/or pneumatic drive and/or b) the electric drive is in the form of an electric motor (166), in particular in the form of a stepper motor or a servomotor. Solar thermal device after Claim 17 or 18 , characterized in that the drive device (162) comprises at least one first drive element (168) driven by at least one motor drive (164), that the at least one solar thermal element (62) comprises at least one second drive element (170) and that the at least one first drive element (168) and the at least one second drive element (170) are arranged or designed to work together to transmit a drive force of the at least one motor drive (164) to the at least one solar thermal element (62) for rotating it around the longitudinal axis (64), in particular the at least one first drive element (168) a) being in the form of a drive spindle (172) and the at least one second drive element (170) being in the form of a gear wheel (174) corresponding to the drive spindle (172). ) is formed and / or b) defines a first drive element longitudinal axis (178), that the at least one second drive element (170) defines a second drive element longitudinal axis (180) and the first drive element longitudinal axis (178) transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the second drive element longitudinal axis ( 180) containing the plane, wherein in particular the longitudinal axis (64) defines the second longitudinal axis (180) of the drive element. Solar thermal device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solar thermal device (60) comprises a cleaning device (146) for cleaning the at least one solar thermal element (62), wherein in particular the cleaning device (246) comprises at least one cleaning element (248), wherein the at least one cleaning element (248) is assigned to at least one solar thermal element (62) and wherein the at least one cleaning element (248) and the at least one solar thermal element (62) assigned to it are arranged to be movable relative to one another, wherein further in particular a) the at least one cleaning element (248) extends parallel or substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis (64) and/or b) the at least one cleaning element (248) is in the form of a wiping brush or in the form of a wiping lip (250) and/or c) the at least a cleaning element (242) on at least one solar thermal E element (62) is arranged or formed, in particular two cleaning elements being arranged or formed on the at least one solar thermal element (62), and/or d) the at least one cleaning element (242) being arranged or formed on the carrier element (104). Solar thermal device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each solar thermal element (62) is assigned at least one wind turbine (216), in particular for generating electricity. Solar thermal device after Claim 21 , characterized in that a) the wind wheel (216) is arranged in the region of a first end (176) of the solar thermal element (62) and/or b) each wind wheel (216) is arranged and designed to drive a power generator for generating electrical Electricity and/or c) the cleaning device (246) which comprises at least one wind turbine (216) and the wind turbine (216) is designed to be drivable, in particular with electricity, for generating a cleaning air flow, in particular for blowing off snow and dirt from the at least one solar thermal Item (62). Solar thermal device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solar thermal element (62) comprises at least one air guiding element (238) for guiding an air flow, in particular the at least one air guiding element (238) in the form of a parallel or substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis extending projection (256) is formed and / or is surrounded by the protective cover (100), in particular by the carrier element (104). Solar thermal module (14) comprising at least one solar thermal device (60), characterized in that the solar thermal device (60) is designed in the form of a solar thermal device (60) according to one of the preceding claims. Solar thermal module Claim 24 , characterized in that a) the solar thermal module (44) comprises a plurality of solar thermal devices (60) and/or b) the absorption elements (66) of the solar thermal devices (60) are arranged parallel to one another and/or c) the solar thermal module (14) comprises a holding frame (214) and that the at least one cleaning element (248) is arranged or formed fixedly on the holding frame (214) and with a free end in the direction of the associated solar thermal device (60) and/or d) adjacent solar thermal devices Elements (62) define a flow channel (236) between them. Solar thermal module Claim 24 or 25 , characterized in that the at least one wind wheel (216) is arranged at a first end of the flow channel (236) which is raised against the direction of gravity, with each wind wheel (216) in particular being assigned an air guiding element (234) and the air guiding element (234) on first end of the flow channel (236) is arranged or formed. Solar thermal module according to one of claims 24 until 26 , characterized in that the at least one solar thermal Ele ment (62) is assigned a heat transfer element (186) for transferring heat absorbed by the absorption element (66) to a heat exchanger fluid (188) flowing through the heat transfer element (186), wherein in particular a) the heat transfer element (186) at the first end (176) of the solar thermal element (62) is arranged or formed and/or b) the absorption element (66) comprises a heat-conducting element (182) and the heat-transfer element (186) is thermally operatively connected to the heat-conducting element (182) and/or c) the absorption element (66 ) and the heat transfer element (186) are arranged or designed to be rotatable relative to one another about the longitudinal axis (64). Solar thermal module according to one of claims 24 until 27 , characterized in that the solar thermal module (14) comprises at least one measuring device (52) for measuring a light intensity incident on the module (14), an outside temperature and/or an ambient humidity, wherein in particular the at least one measuring device (52) comprises at least one light sensor (54), at least one rain sensor (56) and/or at least one temperature sensor (58). Solar thermal module according to one of claims 24 until 28 , characterized in that the drive device (162) is designed a) for the synchronous rotation of all solar thermal elements (62) or for the synchronous rotation of two solar thermal elements (62) which are arranged adjacent to both sides of a solar thermal element (62) and / or b) for moving adjacent solar thermal elements (62) independently of each other. Solar thermal module according to one of claims 24 until 29 , characterized in that the solar thermal module (14) comprises a control device (34) for controlling the drive device (162) depending on physical environmental parameters of the solar thermal module (14), in particular the at least one measuring device (52) and the control device (162 ) are connected to each other in a control-effective manner. Solar thermal module according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the solar thermal module (14) comprises a collection container (242). Solar thermal module Claim 31 , characterized in that the collection container (242) a) is arranged or formed in the region of a lower end of the solar thermal module (14) in relation to the direction of gravity and/or b) is formed in the shape of a trough and that the at least one solar thermal device (60) is in the Collection container (242) is arranged or formed. Solar thermal module Claim 31 or 32 , characterized in that the solar thermal module (14) comprises a heating device (244) for heating the collecting container (242), wherein in particular the heating device (244) is arranged or configured in relation to the direction of gravity in the region of a lower end of the collecting container (242). . Energy supply system (10), in particular for a building (12), comprising at least one solar thermal module (14), in particular a plurality of modules (14), and a thermally conductively connected heat accumulator (18) to the at least one solar thermal module (14) for storing the at least one solar thermal module (14) absorbed solar heat, characterized in that the at least one solar thermal module (14) in the form of a solar thermal module (14) according to one of claims 24 until 33 is trained. power supply system Claim 34 , characterized in that the at least one solar thermal module (14) is arranged or held on a roof (20) or on a facade (22) of a building (12) or on a holding device, wherein in particular the at least one solar thermal module (14) is inclined relative to the direction of gravity (24), in particular parallel or essentially parallel to the roof (20). Energy supply system according to 34 or 35, characterized in that the energy supply system (10) a) comprises at least one electrical energy store (26) for storing with the at least one photovoltaic element (18) and/or the at least one wind turbine (216) of the solar thermal module ( 14) electrical power generated and/or b) a central control device (34) for controlling and/or regulating, in particular electrical, components thereof depending on physical parameters in the building (12) and/or in an environment (48) of the same . Method for operating a solar thermal device (60), in particular a solar thermal device (60) according to one of Claims 1 until 23 , characterized , that at a maximum heat requirement, the at least one solar thermal element (62) is aligned in a basic position with the absorption element (66) opposite or essentially opposite to the effective direction of the solar radiation field. procedure after Claim 37 , characterized in that when the heat requirement decreases or is lower than the maximum heat requirement, the at least one solar thermal element (62) is at least partially, in particular completely, shaded or covered. procedure after Claim 37 or 38 , characterized in that the at least one solar thermal element (62) follows a time-dependent changing effective direction of the solar radiation field, in particular continuously. Procedure according to one of Claims 37 until 39 , characterized in that with increasing electrical energy demand, the at least one photovoltaic element (118) is aligned opposite or essentially opposite to the effective direction of the solar radiation field. Procedure according to one of Claims 37 until 40 , characterized in that the plurality of solar thermal elements (62) are aligned individually or in groups depending on a heat requirement either with the respective absorption element (66) or with the photovoltaic element (118) against the effective direction of the solar radiation field. Procedure according to one of Claims 37 until 41 , characterized in that the at least one solar thermal element (62) a) is cleaned as a result of soiling or wetting with water or being covered with snow, in particular at regular intervals, and/or b) when the light intensity of the solar radiation field falls below a predetermined level into the basic position is moved.

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