DE102021120052A1 - Computer-implemented system to support the selection of design elements - Google Patents

Abstract

A computer-implemented system for supporting the selection of machine elements is disclosed. This has a number of configurators, each of which is provided for a main group of components and/or construction principles. Requirements for the component and/or construction principle can be entered via an input of a respective configurator. The configurator is designed in such a way that, based on the requirements, it outputs a component and/or construction principle of its assigned main group via an output.

Description

field of invention

The invention relates to a computer-implemented system for supporting the selection of construction elements, in particular machine elements.

Background of the Invention

Prior art designs, such as for machines, include a variety of machine elements. For example, screws, roller bearings or shaft-hub connections can be provided as machine elements. A respective machine element usually has a large number of variants. For example, about twenty-two variants are known for shaft-hub connections. A designer - for the sake of simplicity, only "designer" is spoken of in the following - has the task of finding the ideal solution for the design by choosing the optimal machine elements. However, due to the large number of variants, there are also a large number of possible solutions, which is why it is usually difficult for a designer to find the best solution. If, for example, six machine elements are provided in the construction and a respective machine element has four variants, then there would be 4096, as 4 ⁶ , different possible solutions for how the machine can be constructed.

Disclosure of Invention

In contrast, the invention is based on the object of creating a computer-implemented system with which a designer can find suitable design elements for his design in a simple and cost-effective manner.

This object is achieved with a system according to the features of claim 1.

Advantageous developments of the invention are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

According to the invention, a computer-implemented system is provided to support the selection of components and/or construction principles, in particular machine elements. The system has a database in which components and/or construction principles are stored with their properties. If machine elements are provided, a component would be a screw and a construction principle would be soldering, for example. The system preferably has a plurality of subsystems. These can each have a configurator for a respective construction element (KE) main group. The respective KE main group can have one or more components and/or one or more construction principles of the database. In the area of machine elements, for example, roller bearings and welded connections can be provided as KE main groups. A respective subsystem preferably has a respective input mask. At least one requirement for the component and/or for the construction principle can be entered and/or selected via this as input for the configurator of this subsystem. In the area of machine elements in the KE main group of shaft-hub connections, the "transmission of large one-sided torques" and/or the "absorption of high axial forces" could be provided as a requirement and be selectable by the designer, for example. The respective configurator is preferably set up in such a way that it determines at least one suitable component and/or construction principle from a KE main group based on the at least one request via the database and outputs it via a subsystem output, in particular to an output means.

This solution has the advantage that a designer can very easily find the most suitable machine elements for a machine design. The system according to the invention is also designed to be extremely simple and inexpensive. For the designer it is only necessary to select a desired KE main group - for example via a selection mask for KE main groups - such as the shaft-hub connection, enter and/or select one or more requirements, with the configurator then suitable shaft-hub connection determined.

In other words, a digital engineering system, in particular a cloud-based one, is created that uses generative design to support design engineers in the selection and/or calculation of machine elements. During the design process, the designer uses machine elements that are already available, in particular standardized ones, and are offered by suppliers and/or providers ment. The configurator, which is browser-controlled and can be operated via the Internet, was developed for the purpose of inventing an optimal construction. This improves the previously very error-prone selection process of machine elements in a simple way. Depending on the requirements placed on the machine element, the configurator uses its algorithm to calculate the optimal machine element for the design.

Machine element main groups are preferably provided as KE main groups. Components and/or construction principles can be machine elements. The computer-implemented system is particularly suitable for machine elements, as this previously required complex research or a great deal of experience on the part of the designer in order to find suitable machine elements. However, the selection of machine elements is essentially based on comparatively clear rules, which is why the system for machine elements is particularly easy to implement. The computer-implemented system can thus be used to determine suitable machine elements in an extremely simple and cost-effective manner. One or more of the following main groups can be provided as the machine element main group: connecting elements, seals, elements of the rotary movement, elements of the linear movement, elements for the transmission of uniform rotary movements. It would be conceivable to provide more specific main groups instead of one or more of the main groups mentioned. One or more of the following connecting elements can then be provided as connecting elements, for example: welded connections, soldered and glued connections, friction and form-fitting connections, riveted connections, screwed connections, elastic connections. For example, one or more of the following seals could be provided as seals: seals between stationary components, seals between moving components. For example, one or more of the following elements can be provided as elements of the rotating movement: axles and/or shafts, plain and/or roller bearings, clutches, brakes. One or more of the following elements, for example, can be provided as elements of the rectilinear movement: pairings of flat and/or cylindrical surfaces. For example, one or more of the following elements can be provided as elements for the transmission of uniform rotary movements: toothed wheel gear, friction wheel gear, traction mechanism gear. Other main groups are, for example, surfaces, tolerances and fits, materials, springs, bolts/pins/fuses. It would also be conceivable to specify the main groups mentioned further, such as dividing the soldered and adhesive connections into two main groups.

It would also be conceivable to provide an electronics main group as the KE main group. The components and/or construction principles can be electronic elements. It would also be conceivable as an alternative or in addition to provide a main group of materials as the KE main group, with the components and/or construction principles being materials. It would also be alternatively and additionally conceivable to provide a flow technology main group as the KE main group, with the components and/or construction principles being flow technology elements. It would also be alternatively and additionally conceivable to provide a thermodynamic main group as the KE main group, with the components and/or construction principles being thermodynamic elements. Furthermore, it is alternatively or additionally conceivable to provide one or more other technical areas as the KE main group. In particular, technical areas in which construction elements are required are intended as KE main groups.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a converter is provided for at least some of the subsystems. At least one parameter that can be entered via the input mask, ie the input mask of the subsystem with this converter, can be provided as input for the converter. The parameter is preferably used to calculate a geometry of the component and/or construction principle determined by the configurator of this subsystem. The converter can be designed in such a way that it uses the at least one input parameter to determine at least one geometric property for the component and/or construction principle, in particular that which is output by the configurator. The geometry property can then be output by the subsystem via the output means. Thus, not only is the optimal component and/or construction principle determined by the subsystem, but it can also output at least one required geometric property for the component. In other words, a selection of requirements can serve as input for the configurator and at least one parameter for calculating the geometry can serve as input for the converter. An output of the subsystem can then be the optimal machine element on the part of the configurator and the geometry of the machine element on the part of the converter.

In a further embodiment of the invention, a converter or a respective converter or a part of the converter has different formulas for calculating the geometry property/ies or a respective formula for a respective geometry property. The converter can then be designed in such a way that this depends on the type of at least one input parameter and/or depending on bility of the parameter value to calculate the geometry selects the appropriate formula. If, for example, the diameter of a helical spring is entered as a parameter, the converter uses a first formula to calculate the length of the helical spring. If, on the other hand, the length of the helical spring is entered, the converter uses an alternative formula to calculate an outer diameter of the helical spring. As a result, the converter has a high degree of flexibility in a very simple manner.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that a respective formula is provided for a respective parameter in the corresponding converter in the case of a plurality of parameters for a component and/or construction principle. As shown above, a length and an outer diameter can be provided as parameters for a helical spring, for example, which is why the converter preferably has two formulas.

The input mask of a respective subsystem or at least part of the subsystems preferably has a plurality of requirements that can be selected easily and serve as input for the respective configurator. This further reduces the susceptibility to error when selecting components, in particular machine elements, since a user does not have to enter requirements independently, but can select them. Preferably, the plurality of requirements are listed. Additionally or alternatively, it can be provided that the input mask of at least one subsystem or part of the subsystems has an input field via which a value or parameter, in particular for a physical or mechanical property, can be entered and/or selected as a request. For example, it is conceivable to provide the maximum required torque in Nm for the input field in the ME main group shaft-hub connection.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is conceivable that a geometry of a KE can be provided as a requirement for at least one configurator, with the geometry being able to be entered and/or selected via the corresponding input mask. Furthermore, if no geometry is entered and/or selected by the designer, it can be provided that the configurator uses a predetermined geometry. This further development allows a geometric design (=component calculation) to be carried out. The geometry of a component often depends on the materials to be selected and of course also on geometry factors. For example, at WNV, the shaft diameter d has a very large influence on the construction and design of machines. With the specified development, this can now be taken into account in the configurator when searching for the optimal component. An information content of the configurator is thus further increased.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the requirements can be divided into requirement categories. For example, in the “Geometry” requirement category, the shaft diameter can be selected at WNV.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is conceivable that at least one configurator outputs found components and/or construction principles in a ranking list. In this case, the components and/or construction principles can be sorted, for example, on the basis of a physical variable. For example, in the case of a WNV, a ranking list of components can be output that is sorted according to the maximum torque or that is sorted according to the torque for a specific shaft diameter that can be entered, for example. It is therefore also conceivable that the physical variable can be specified by a designer and the ranking list is designed as a function of this. In other words, this ranking can also be designed dynamically using the shaft diameter to be entered, i.e. depending on the diameter entered, there may be a different ranking of the components. Alternatively or additionally, a ranking can be based on the costs of the components and/or construction principles.

In a further embodiment of the invention, it is conceivable that the respective configurator is set up in such a way that it categorizes the at least one determined component and/or construction principle into one of at least two categories or into one with regard to its suitability for the desired requirement(s) of the machine design from a variety of categories. Examples of categories would be: "unrestricted use", "well suited", "suitable", "limited suitability", "not suitable". The configurator can then output the categorization together with the at least one determined component and/or construction principle, in particular via the output means. If several components and/or construction principles are determined, it is conceivable that these are listed in a respective category. This is advantageous because the designer not only has the most suitable component and/or construction principle suggested to him, but also a highly suitable component and/or construction principle that may be more cost-effective.

In a further embodiment of the invention, at least one supplier can be assigned to at least some of the components and/or construction principles stored in the database. The component and/or construction principle can then preferably be obtained from the provider. The respective configurator can then be set up in such a way that the at least one provider is output via the output means, in particular together with the determined component and/or construction principle. The provider information results in further advantages. The designer can easily request the determined component and/or construction principle from the at least one provider. The operator of the system according to the invention can, for example, receive a commission from the provider.

The configurator is also advantageously set up in such a way that the at least one determined component and/or construction principle can be obtained from the at least one specified provider, in particular via the Internet, and/or that contact can be established with the provider via the Internet is.

In a further embodiment of the invention, at least part of the subsystems or a respective subsystem has an interface via which it can be connected to a calculation program and/or to a CAD program. The calculation program can be used, for example, for calculating strength or calculating properties. The respective subsystem with such an interface can transmit the at least one determined component and/or construction principle to the program for calculation. The program preferably has an input interface via which calculation parameters can be entered. The program is further preferably designed in such a way that the component and/or construction principle is output with an optimal, suitable geometry based on the components and/or construction principles introduced and/or on the basis of the calculation parameters.

In a further refinement of the invention, it is conceivable to provide a selection algorithm which is designed in such a way that it uses the component and/or construction principle determined or calculated via the subsystem and/or the program to select at least one supplier who offers this component and/or or construction principle, in particular with the corresponding parameters, or comes closest to the component and/or construction principle, in particular with the corresponding parameters.

The selection algorithm preferably has a machine learning module that records the suppliers' component catalogs in such a way that they can be used by the selection algorithm for the supplier selection.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the system can have a digital construction kit that has a plurality of construction kit fields. A subsystem can be used digitally in such a modular field. The digital construction kit is represented, for example, via a graphical user interface, with the subsystems being able to be used in the respective construction kit field with, for example, drag-and-drop from a digital toolbox. The modular fields can be networked. The networking takes place, for example, in such a way that an output of a subsystem is an input of a further subsystem. For example, the modular fields can be arranged in a row along a working direction. With the modular system, a connection between the subsystems can be established in a simple manner. It would be conceivable, for example, that a subsystem outputs an optimal component, which is then fed into the following subsystem as an input. In other words, in the case of a plurality of subsystems, particularly if they are arranged in a row in the modular fields, a subsystem output of one subsystem can serve as a subsystem input of the downstream subsystem. In other words, the subsystems are preferably stored in a virtual tool box. A respective subsystem can be introduced from the toolbox into one of the modular fields.

It is also conceivable that, in the case of two modular fields arranged in a row, at least one secondary modular field is assigned to this. A subsystem arranged therein can then use the subsystem output of the subsystem arranged in the front modular field as seen in the working direction as a subsystem input. A subsystem output of the subsystem arranged in the subordinate modular field can serve as an, in particular additional, subsystem input for the subsystem arranged in the rear modular field—of the two modular fields arranged in a row.

A computer-implemented system for supporting the selection of machine elements is disclosed. This has a number of configurators, each of which is provided for a main group of components and/or construction principles. Requirements for the component and/or construction principle can be entered via an input of a respective configurator. The configurator is designed in such a way that based on the requirements, it issues a component and/or construction principle of its assigned main group via an output.

character list

• 1 schematisch ein System mit einem Teilsystem, das einen Konfigurator aufweist, gemäß einem ersten Ausführungsbeispiel,
• 2 schematisch ein Teilsystem des Systems aus 1, das neben dem Konfigurator zusätzlich einen Konverter aufweist,
• 3a und 3b schematisch eine Funktionsweise des Konverters aus 2,
• 4 schematisch einen Baukasten des Systems aus 1,
• 5 schematisch einen Gesamtüberblick über das System gemäß dem Ausführungsbeispiel,
• 6 schematisch neben einem Konfigurator ein Berechnungsprogramm,
• 7a bis 7f schematisch eine Funktionsweise des Konfigurators aus 1,
• 8 eine mögliche Ausgabe des Systems auf einem Ausgabemittel,
• 9 eine mögliche Ausgabe des Systems auf einem Ausgabemittel,
• 10 schematisch eine Vielzahl von Teilsystemen und deren Zusammenhang,
• 11 schematisch eine KI-Erfassung von Bauteilkatalogen von Anbietern,
• 12 schematisch eine Eingabemaske für den Konfigurator und
• 13 eine mögliche Ausgabe des Systems auf einem Ausgabemittel.

Preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below using schematic drawings. Show it:

• 1 schematically a system with a subsystem that has a configurator, according to a first embodiment,
• 2 schematically shows a subsystem of the system 1 , which, in addition to the configurator, also has a converter,
• 3a and 3b schematically shows how the converter works 2 ,
• 4 a schematic of a modular system 1 ,
• 5 schematically a general overview of the system according to the embodiment,
• 6 schematically next to a configurator a calculation program,
• 7a until 7f a schematic of how the configurator works 1 ,
• 8th a possible output of the system on an output medium,
• 9 a possible output of the system on an output medium,
• 10 schematically a large number of subsystems and their connection,
• 11 schematically an AI acquisition of component catalogs from suppliers,
• 12 schematically an input mask for the configurator and
• 13 a possible output of the system on an output medium.

According to 1 a system 1 is shown, which has a subsystem 2. The subsystem 2 has a configurator 4 for a main group of construction elements. The system 1 is to be explained below using design elements in the form of machine elements. The subsystem 2 has an input 6 and an output 8 . Requirements for the configurator 4 can be selected via input 6. An optimum machine element determined by the configurator 4 can then be output via the output 8 .

The system 1 is designed as a CAE (CAE=Computer-Added Engineering) system. This can be operated with cloud computing, for example. Computing power, application provision and data storage are bundled over the Internet. In this case, programs are preferably no longer installed on the respective user's computer, but can be accessed online. Certain program parts of the system that are currently required by the designer can be downloaded from the Internet and preferably deleted again after use. Determined or created components and/or construction principles and/or products are preferably stored on the user's computer and can preferably alternatively or additionally be stored on the Internet/in the cloud if required. However, the "single source of proof" must be maintained. The system 1 is preferably accessed via a web browser. Thus, when the designer accesses the applications, they can always be up-to-date and an update by the designer is not required. Thus, there is still no need to download installation or update data to the designer's terminal. This enables access to resources independent of device, time and location.

The system 1 is preferably based on a platform technology. Companies using System 1 can then let their designers access business-critical data from any location and from any work computer. This enables location-independent work.

Furthermore, the system 1 is provided for a data-driven product development, in particular for a generative design. A linking of requirements, such as boundary conditions, materials, loads and/or production plans, to a construct is made possible. From this, the system 1 creates design proposals. An algorithm of the system 1 calculates by combining inputs pa analyze possible solutions and generate a series of design alternatives within a short period of time. The design is accompanied from the start via knowledge databases and generates an optimal product. With System 1, variants can be tested, possible ideas can be pursued, optimal materials and manufacturing processes can be determined, weight can be reduced, performance can be improved, in particular an increase in service life, component consolidation, in which several components are merged into one component, in order to achieve the advantages of additive to exploit production.

More preferably, the system 1 should enable a digital twin. A design or machine is preferably developed digitally throughout and a digital model with mechanical properties is created. An actual machine or an actual construction, in particular in series, can then be manufactured from this model. The machines can differ in compliance with specified tolerances. A behavior of the respective machine can be recorded via sensors and fed into the system for the digital model. In this way, the real behavior of the machine can be tracked virtually in order to be able to predict any failures.

Furthermore, the system 1 should enable a simulation-driven development or design. Such a construction is not known from the prior art. Previously, the finished construct was first constructed and then validated using calculation software, for example using the FEM (FEM=Finite Element Method). The results determined are then incorporated back into the design or taken into account. As a result, several iteration loops can occur under certain circumstances. In order to shorten the development time, an FEM module is integrated into a CAD program (CAD = Computer Aided Design) in such a way that both practically run in parallel. Thus, an FEM calculation is taken into account in an early decision-making phase and the CAD is expanded to include the spectrum of optimization options. In order to use material in a resource-saving manner, the use of FEM makes the greatest contribution in the early development phase.

The system should also have data management. A powerful PDM is integrated into system 1 (PDM = product data management). As a result, paperless production can be made possible in a distributed global cooperation of development instances.

In addition, the system 1 can provide for the use of AI (AI=artificial intelligence), in particular machine learning. A user can be supported here, in particular in his daily work while operating his programs. What is decisive is what level of detail the user needs in which process step and how he is provided with this information. The conventional design process is supported by intelligent assistants so that teamwork can be completed faster and more efficiently. The AI aims to automate people in their decision-making behavior. In particular, information acquisition, rules for the use of information, conclusions should be drawn and more self-correction should take place. In particular, AI in the form of machine learning is used, for example, when a problem cannot be described by a classically programmable algorithm. The task of a design engineer is to use his knowledge and experience to develop machines that meet customer requirements. An important point is that he finds the optimal machine elements using a design method. In contrast to the previously usual construction method, in which the designer, in addition to personal experience, assumed a high degree of intuitive talent - which produced random solutions - an optimal solution is found with System 1 through a methodical approach. The aim of the construction method is to find the best constructive solution for the given construction task with a low cost and time expenditure with a high degree of certainty.

As explained at the beginning, the challenge when designing is that there are a multitude of solutions to a design problem. The system 1, which is in particular cloud-based, can use generative design to support designers in the selection and calculation of components and/or construction principles, in particular machine elements. In technology, machine elements (ME) are usually understood as the smallest component that can no longer be sensibly dismantled and used again and again in the same form. This includes individual components such as screws, pins, shafts, gear wheels, etc., as well as components that consist of several individual components but are used as a uniform component (= element) with regard to their use, such as roller bearings, couplings, valves, etc. A designer During its design process, it usually uses machine elements that are already available, mostly standardized and ready-made by suppliers. Every technical device is made up of several machine elements, the type of logical interaction of which is purposeful in order to fulfill the task assigned to the device by the designer during the construction process is provided. This requires basic knowledge, e.g. B. with regard to fits, strength and permissible stresses, etc. for the dimensioning and for the selection of the machine elements specified in the standards.

The configurator 4 is preferably browser-controlled and can be operated via the Internet. It is used to support and/or automate the error-prone selection process. Depending on the requirements placed on the machine element, the Configurator 4 uses its algorithm to calculate the optimum solution for the design.

According to 2 another subsystem 10 is shown. This also has a configurator 4. In addition, the subsystem 10 has a converter 12. This calculates a geometry, in particular for the component and/or construction principle determined by the configurator 4 . For this purpose, in addition to the selection of requirements, subsystem 10 also has at least one parameter for calculating the geometry for input 6. At output 8, the geometry or at least part of the geometry of the machine element is output in addition to the optimal machine element.

The operation of the converter 12 from 2 is based on the 3a and 3b explained in more detail. According to 3aA it is assumed that from the configurator 4 2 a helical compression spring has been determined as the optimal component. A spring force F, a stroke δs, an outer diameter D and/or a material can be provided as parameters for the input 6 . The material can come from another subsystem of the system 1, for example, which has a configurator for a main group of materials. From the parameters, the converter 12 subsequently determines the spring length L for the helical compression spring. If, on the other hand, the parameter for the spring length L is provided at the input 6 for the converter 12 instead of the parameter for the outer diameter D, then this can determine the outer diameter D according to 3b calculate. The converter 12 uses L to calculate the length of the spring 3a a different formula than for the outer diameter D in 3b . The formula to be used is selected by the converter 12 as a function of the parameter or parameters.

In other words, the converter 12 is an automatic formula converter. Some of the in 3a and 3b The parameters mentioned for the helical compression spring are the same, such as the spring force, the stroke or the material. According to 3b the spring length L is specified, which must not exceed a certain value, for example due to the space available. If, on the other hand, the outer diameter D is limited, it can be predetermined. This means that depending on the question, the geometry determined by the converter and thus the answer from the subsystem 10 changes. This preferably takes place automatically, depending on what the designer inputs, calculations are to take place in real time. Should the system to be calculated be overdetermined, a corresponding note preferably follows. If the geometry is defined with diameter and length, it would be conceivable to enter other parameters or values, such as the force to be transmitted. It would also be conceivable to allow certain input ranges and also to output certain output ranges as a response.

According to 4 the system 1 is shown that additionally has a modular system. The construction kit has a plurality of construction kit fields 14 to 22. A subsystem from a tool box 24 can be drawn into each of these, in particular by dragging and dropping. Tool box 24 has, for example, an axle/shaft subsystem 26 , a material subsystem 28 , a roller bearing subsystem 30 , a shaft-hub connection subsystem 32 , and a screw subsystem 34 . The subsystem 30 is drawn, for example, to the modular field 14 , the subsystem 26 to the modular field 16 , the subsystem 32 to the modular field 18 and the subsystem 28 to the modular field 20 . The subsystems mentioned are linked by the modular fields 14 to 22 and partly share their inputs and outputs. The system 1 with its system boundary 36 can have a central input 38 and a central output 40 . The modular fields 14, 16, 18 and 22 are arranged in series according to this embodiment. An output of the subsystem 30 on the modular field 14 is then an input for the subsystem 26 on the modular field 16 etc. Thus, for example, a roller bearing determined by the subsystem 30 together with its geometry can be used to find a suitable axis or shaft in the subsystem 26. The modular field 20 is juxtaposed with the modular fields 16 , 18 . The number and arrangement of the modular fields can be adapted to a desired design task, for example.

In other words, according to 4 Individual machine elements or subsystems 26 to 34 can be dragged and dropped from the tool box 24 to the relevant position in the CAD-FEM tool and deleted if necessary. With a zoom function you can go in and out of individual components be navigated. They can also be isolated and considered individually in order to consider the input required for the machine element separately and to validate the behavior of the respective subsystems 26 to 34 individually and also in the overall system.

If optimal components and/or construction principles of the subsystems 26 to 34 have been found, an optimal overall system can be present as a geometric machine concept. The data can be output via the output 24 via a parts list system. Automated inquiries can then be sent to either a specified selection of providers or suppliers or to suppliers of your choice that you have entered yourself.

According to 5 the system 1 is shown in a further embodiment. The subsystem 10 is shown graphically and is explained below with reference to 8th explained in more detail. The subsystem 10 determines an optimal component and outputs this via the output 8 . The output 8 serves as an input for a program 42, which is a calculation program and/or CAD program. The program 42 can use the modular system 4 use. A calculation process can be carried out for one or more components for the geometric design in this modular system. Further calculation parameters can be provided as an input 44 for the program 42 . The geometry of the optimal component or the optimal components or the construction is output via an output 46 . Using the data from the output 46, at least one provider 50, 52 or manufacturer is output via a selection algorithm 48 of the system 1. A component catalog 54 can be accessed from a respective supplier 50, 52. For example, a table with the corresponding component parameters can be stored in a respective component catalog 54 . Based on the component catalogs 54, the desired component can then be determined either by the designer or automatically and can be output as a 3D component 58 via an output 56. This can then be used in the design, for example in the form of CAD data.

In other words, according to 5 an overall process of the digital engineering system 1 is shown. A designer develops machines either with a commercially available CAD program or with System 1. Specific requirements arise for each component. If the designer uses machine elements, he can access the configurators 4 of the system 1 that are available online. He enters the requirements for the respective machine element and receives the optimal component for this case as output. In addition, he learns, in particular via advertising space, which suppliers 50, 52 have such a component in their range. The designer can then contact the provider 50, 52 on their website, for example. With the additional input of technical parameters that are required for the machine element, the designer can also have a geometric layout connected with program 42. He can then download the component, preferably as a 3D component, and incorporate it into his design. He can choose from which suppliers 50, 52 he would like to use which component and for precise information about the installation space he needs for the machine element. The component catalogs 54 of the providers 50, 52 are, for example, recorded, in particular scanned, and evaluated using an ML algorithm (ML=machine learning). The ML algorithm is designed and trained in such a way that it reads out different component catalogs 54 from different suppliers 50, 52 and makes the data listed there available for further use. It is also conceivable to design with a cloud-based CAD/FEM program offered on a website and with the system 1 4 to develop designs on the machine. This allows you to construct your own components. These can be further validated with the integrated FEM directly without special preparation and connected to ready-made machine elements.

The present system 1 differs from conventional CAD systems/programs. In conventional CAD programs, individual components are designed and optimized using parametrics and constraints. They are then assembled into assemblies. System 1, on the other hand, considers the overall system. It is used for system optimization. Optimum components are determined by selecting the requirements for individual components using configurators 4 . Via connections to calculation modules in programs 42, individual components can be networked with and without a converter 12, and an optimally adapted overall system can always be obtained in the event of changes in one place. At least the system 1 is not only a tool for design optimization or component optimization, but it can lead to an automation of the design to increase the product quality. This speeds up construction and minimizes errors. The use of the system 1 is conceivable not only in the construction but also in the product development but also in the FMEA (FMEA = Fai lure mode and effects analysis) when troubleshooting and increasing the reliability of existing machines, the system 1 can be used.

The system 1 can have one or more of the following items of information as output information: information about possible requirements for a component, designation of the optimal component, information about functions and use of the component, information about the calculation process, information about the geometry of the component, information about the manufacturer of the component, 3D data of the component, information about the functions of the 3D data, information about the space required for the component, information about whether the component is the right one at the position and/or whether the selected requirements match the design, alternative Components, FEM analysis of the component and the entire system, output in text or language.

According to 6 the system 1 is shown, which has the requirements of the component as input 38 . In addition, with an input 60 it has a connection to providers or manufacturers. Data output via the output 40 are entered into a calculation program 42 . This carries out a component calculation with a module 62 . Boundary conditions 64 can be taken into account here. The geometry of the component is output via the output 46 .

Calculation programs with which machine elements can be dimensioned are known on the market. However, this is a downstream design and it is assumed that the designer already knows which is the optimal component for him. With System 1, however, it is now possible to find the optimal component based on the requirements. The subsequent calculation also enables a geometric design of the machine element. Not only is the optimal component determined, but it is also stated from which supplier or providers the component can be obtained.

Based on 7a until 7f the functioning of subsystem 2 is shown 1 explained in more detail. The configurator 4 is intended for the machine element shaft-hub-connection (WNV). The algorithm described for Configurator 4 was created using the Microsoft Excel program. First, a desired machine element, such as the WNV, is selected, for example via a browser display. An input mask 64 is then displayed. These can be used to select requirements. For example, according to 7a 13 requirements at the WNV. All requirements can preferably not be selected at the same time. This is because requirements can be provided that are mutually exclusive or, due to the component, a machine element cannot meet all requirements at the same time. The designer chooses with the option YES or NO (= selection option field) whether the requirements are used (YES) or not (NO). It would be conceivable to introduce a further selection option "unknown" if the designer is not yet sure whether the requirement is relevant or not. In a cell 66 or in Excel N12, a 1 is written in the selection "YES" and a 2 in the same cell 66 in the case of "NO". In addition to the output fields of the selection options (YES and NO), a selection matrix 68 or evaluation matrix is provided.

Definition of the selection matrix 68: The selection matrix 68 represents the database. Information from the specialist literature is processed therein, such as "The feather key is easy to assemble" and brought into an overall context within the machine element group (here WNV) and at the same time machine-readable through the numerical evaluation.

Each cell of the selection matrix 68 has a so-called "IF formula". This is connected to the respective output cell of the radio button. The selected selection option is further processed there below each WNV (here 22 connection types). If "YES", a predetermined rating (= suitability of the component for the respective requirement) is used.

formula of
Choice matrix:IF N([choice radio field]=1;THEN[SCORING];ELSE=2)

In other words: If the requirement was selected with YES, then write the score x. Otherwise the selection is NO.

In the example according to 7a for the first request (transmission of large one-sided torques) the rating would be 10 if "YES" was selected. According to 7a the evaluations are shown in the selection matrix in the lower input mask if all requirements are marked with YES become. This then results in the selection matrix 68 as an example for a sliding key. The values 1, 5, 10, 15 or 20 are then entered in the individual cells according to the selection. 20 means that the component is not suitable for the requirement or is omitted. 15 means it's just about wearable. 10 means it is sufficient. 5 means it is well suited. 1 means that it is very suitable. In the example, the sliding key would be very well suited for a hub that is to be moved axially.

In addition to the selection matrix 68 are according to 7a another five cells 70 are provided, in which the evaluations of the selection matrix 68 are further processed below this, which can be referred to as “further processing”. Each of these cells 70 contain "IF formulas" which, depending on the rating, write the word of the connection in the line provided, here in Excel AB 25 to 29.
Formula: IF(LARGE(matrix;k)=[score];[connecting word];"").

In other words: if the matrix AB 12-24 has the score x and it is also the highest score, write the word from AB11, otherwise write nothing.

For example, according to 7b selected as a requirement in the input mask 64 shown below that there should be a low notch effect on the shaft, the following follows from this in 7b Selection matrix shown 68. The requirement "low notch effect on the shaft" was selected, for example, because only a low notch effect on the shaft should be tolerated. However, since, for example, sharp-edged millings in the feather key and sliding key result in high notch effects, the rating 20 appears in the selection matrix 68, ie “not suitable”. Based on the formula LARGE (further processing), the processing cells check which is the highest value in order to enter the corresponding field in the five cells 70 in Excel AB 25 to 29, the connecting word (here fitting and sliding key) from line AB11 , please refer 7b to write in. Since the LARGE formula was used, the ranking of the rating was reversed from Unrestricted. In addition, the value "2" for the "NO" option in input mask 64 had to be processed further. For this reason, the top row of cells 70 has two IF formulas. This also follows simply because a requirement that is not taken into account has no influence on the evaluation. This means that if all requirements are marked "NO", then all components can logically be "used without restrictions". This would be another reason why the rating order was reversed.

According to 7c the WNV found are written into suitability fields 72 . This is a categorization. It is shown which machine element can be used without restrictions and which is not suitable due to the requirements. Using the formula CONCATENATE, see 7c Reference sign 74, only connections that are in the respective fields are listed. In principle, all fields are read and concatenated in each of the suitability fields 72 . This is the reason why in the LARGEST finishing fields 70 the component should be listed only once. Because there, the machine elements classified as unsuitable are read in but not written.

According to 7d it may be useful for additional specific values to be entered for certain requirements, such as "transmission of large one-sided torques". Thus, the function for outputting values, such as for a torque and/or an axial force, can also be provided. It would be conceivable for the designer to comply with the requirement 7d can start with YES, but does not specify a value. For example, a 1 is written to cell O14 with "YES". If "NO", a 2 is written in the same cell.

If a specific torque is to be specified, then firstly the option field "YES" and secondly the cell "Required. max. torque in [Nm]" and can be specified. This puts a 3 in cell O14. The rotary control can then be moved below the input field for the torque and the maximum torque can be set. With this option, it is crucial that the value entered is less than or equal to a predetermined maximum (= limit value), whereby the entered value can always be compared with the maximum (this can usually be found with the largest diameter of the provider). The predetermined maximum preferably comes from an evaluation, in particular the automatic evaluation, from the component catalogs 54 of the suppliers of this component, in particular regardless of the geometry, in particular the shaft diameter. It was a maximum value that can be physically reached. More precise values can be calculated in the subsequent geometric design, where the required shaft diameter must also be specified. It is preferably provided that when the predetermined maximum value is exceeded the component is declared unsuitable, although it would otherwise meet all other required requirements.

According to 7e an input mask 74 is shown, in which fields for entering values are provided in addition to the input mask 64 . For example, a field 76 or in Excel U15 is provided via which a value for the "Required. max. torque in [Nm]" can be entered. Formulas are stored in selection matrix 80 for field 76:
Formula:
IF(AND([torque input]<=[max torque];[radio button]=3);[value];ELSE=2)

In other words, if the torque input is less than or equal to the limit and the choice is 3 (actual torque), then write the score x. Otherwise the selection is NO.

The consequence of this formula is that the value entered in field 76 in the form of a torque entry must be less than or equal to the maximum torque and in addition the selection option field is set to 3. If this is the case, the entered value is taken into account. If not, field 76 is considered an unselected or "NO" request.

According to 7f a section of the input mask 74 is shown. The formula stored for the first requirement in selection matrix 80 "Transmission of large one-sided torques" in field 76 or in Excel U14 was adjusted as follows:
Formula: IF([radio button]=1 ;1 ;IF
(AND([Selection radio button]=3;[TORQUE INPUT]<=[Max Torque]); 1 ;2))

In other words: If the selection is YES and if the selection is concrete torque and at the same time the torque is less than or equal to the limit value, then write 1. Otherwise the selection is NO.

The weighting of this requirement should also be extended to include the torque constraint. Otherwise, this field would be taken into account, although it is excluded from the evaluation in the field below (in Excel U15) with, for example, a limit value being exceeded.

According to 7e here again five cells 78 are shown, in which the evaluations of the selection matrix 80 are processed further (= further processing). The IF formulas have the task of outputting the terms of the shaft-hub connection to be output in a respectively desired cell after the evaluation of the cells 80 . This is necessary because the desired terminology can only be used once in cells 78. The formulas here are: $$\begin{array}{l}WENN\left(\text{AND}(\text{OR}(\text{KGR}\ddot{\text{O}}\text{SSTE}(\text{Matrix; k}\right)=\left[\text{Rating1}\right];(KGR\ddot{O}SSTE\left(Mat\mathrm{right}ix;k\right)=\\ \left[We\mathrm{right}t\mathrm{and}nG2\right]));\left(\left[\text{torque input}\right]<=\left[\text{Max}\text{.torque}\right]\right);(\left[\text{axial force input}\right]<=\\ \left[\text{Max}\text{.axial force}\right]));\left[Ve\mathrm{right}bin\mathrm{i.e}\mathrm{and}nGswO\mathrm{right}t\right];"")\end{array}$$

Kommentar: Gleich wie Formel 1 nur mit Wertung 5. $$\begin{array}{l}\text{WENN}(\text{KGR}\ddot{\text{O}}\text{SSTE}\left(\text{Matrix;k}\right)=[\text{Wertung10 und}\\ 15];\left[\text{Verbindungswort}\right];"")\end{array}$$

Kommentar: Formeln sind identisch mit der obenstehend beschriebenen. $$\begin{array}{l}\text{WENN}(\text{KGR}\ddot{\text{O}}\text{SSTE}\left(\text{Matrix;k}\right)=\left[\text{Wertung20}\right];\left[\text{Verbindungswort}\right];\text{WENN}((\text{Drehmomentein}\\ \text{gabe}]>\left[\text{max}\text{.Drehmoment}\right]);\left[\text{Verbindungswort}\right];\text{WENN}((\left[\text{Axialkraftengabe}\right]>[\text{max}\text{.Axialkr}\\ \text{aft}];\left[\text{Verbindungswort}\right];"")))\end{array}$$

In other words: (Italics = basic formula as explained above) If in matrix U14-28 the score is 1 or the score 2 is the greatest AND the torque input is less than or equal to the limit (same for axial force) then write the word from U11, otherwise do not write anything. $$\begin{array}{l}\text{IF}\left(\text{AND}\left(\text{KGR}\ddot{\text{O}}\text{SSTE}\right)(\text{Matrix; k}\right)=\left[\text{Rating5}\right]);(\left[\text{torque input}\right]<=\\ \left[\text{Max}\text{.torque}\right]);(\left[\text{axial forces}\right]<=\left[\text{Max}\text{.axial force}\right]));\left[\text{connecting word}\right];"")\end{array}$$

Comment: Same as Formula 1 only with a rating of 5. $$\begin{array}{l}\text{IF}(\text{KGR}\ddot{\text{O}}\text{SSTE}\left(\text{Matrix; k}\right)=[\text{Rating10 and}\\ 15];\left[\text{connecting word}\right];"")\end{array}$$

Comment: Formulas are identical to the one described above. $$\begin{array}{l}\text{IF}(\text{KGR}\ddot{\text{O}}\text{SSTE}\left(\text{Matrix; k}\right)=\left[\text{Rating20}\right];\left[\text{connecting word}\right];\text{IF}((\text{torque in}\\ \text{gift}]>\left[\text{Max}\text{.torque}\right]);\left[\text{connecting word}\right];\text{IF}((\left[\text{axial forces}\right]>[\text{Max}\text{.axial cir}\\ \text{after}];\left[\text{connecting word}\right];"")))\end{array}$$

In other words: Either the word from U11 with a rating of 20 should appear here, or if the torque limit value or the axial force limit value has been exceeded, otherwise do not write anything.

According to 7f Using the example of the clamping set, it is shown which values are written at which point in the respective cells 82. For example, the designer selects the general requirement "transmission of large one-sided torques" if the desired connection is to be designed for high torques and the designer does not yet know a specific torque. If a specific torque is known, the designer can enter the "Required. Enter max. torque in [Nm]". If the torque input is greater than the intended maximum torque, the "clamping set" connection would be categorized as "not suitable".

According to 8th A graphical user interface 84 for the system 1 as detailed in the preceding figures is shown. The user interface 84 is accessible, for example, via the Internet, in particular via a browser. The input mask implemented via Excel is shown as an input mask 86 in the user interface 84 . Suitability fields 72 are also represented as suitability fields 88 on the user interface. The input mask 86 or list of requirements varies depending on the component and/or construction principle. Selection fields 90 are provided for selecting the requirements of the input mask 86 . This is used to interact with the designer. The selection fields 90 are preferably initially set to “NO”. These can then also be adjusted "YES" by the designer if necessary and thus limit the possible solutions with regard to a main group of machine elements. If all requirements are set to "NO", all components and/or construction concepts of the machine element main group can be used immediately without restrictions. If necessary, the settings can be reset to “NO” via a reset button 92 . The machine elements are classified or categorized and displayed in the suitability fields 88 depending on the set requirements of the input mask 86 and the internal rating explained in the previous figures. Due to the simple design of the algorithm on which the system 1 is based, the suitability fields can be adjusted via the input mask 86 practically in real time after a change in the requirements. Furthermore, the user interface 84 has a provider area 94 . One or more suppliers of the components listed in the suitability fields are shown here.

At least some of the components and/or construction principles listed in the suitability fields 88 are preferably stored with a link. A respective website with explanations for the linked component and/or construction principle can be stored via the respective link. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the user interface 84 has an information field via which important technical information can be output, for example depending on the selected requirements. It would be conceivable to output the following information: “Caution! If torque and axial force act on the WNV at the same time, the resulting torque must be determined, which must be smaller than the transmittable torque according to the manufacturer's information."

In the provider area, only providers who offer a component or components and/or a construction principle or construction principles of predetermined categories of the suitability fields 88 are preferably displayed. It is conceivable, for example, that no provider in the “unsuitable” category is provided. In addition, the display of the provider should be dependent on one or more requirements with a desired and/or calculated value. For example, if a supplier offers a WNV but none that has the required maximum torque, this supplier is not shown. For example, two providers of clamping elements are stored in advertising spaces and since the clamping element is specified as the optimal component according to the requirements, these two providers are also displayed. If the designer now pushes the torque button up, the advertising space for the provider with the lower maximum torque as the limit value is omitted, while the provider with the higher possible torque remains displayed. Until it flies out when its maximum torque is exceeded. In this way, the designer can see quickly and easily which suppliers are suitable for the required torque and what values are actually realistic.

In 9 Another embodiment of the user interface 96 is shown. The requirements in the input mask 98 are categorized into loads, function, safety and economy. The individual requirement categories or categories can be "expanded" and "collapsed". The collapsed state of the categories of the input mask 98 is shown by way of example in the figure with the reference number 100. An information field 102, which is explained above, is also shown.

For the input masks 86, 98 from the 8th and 9 selection fields, input fields, rotary controls, option fields, check boxes and/or scroll bars can be provided. The input can be made by keyboard, mouse and/or speech. It would also be conceivable for the system 1 to have an image analysis. This can be designed, for example, in such a way that an AI algorithm evaluates design drawings that have been scanned, for example, and extracts one or more requirements from them.

According to 10 a large number of networked subsystems are shown. In addition to those already in 4 Subsystems 26 through 32 listed are a surfaces subsystem 104, a bolts, pins and fuses subsystem 106, a soldered connections subsystem 108, a springs subsystem 110, an adhesive connections subsystem 112, a tolerances and fits subsystem 114, and a subsystem 116 intended for welded joints. The subsystems listed are networked with one another. For example, the outputs 8 of the subsystems 30 and 32 are inputs for the subsystem 104. Their output is in turn an input for the subsystem 106. The connections between the subsystems can be designed flexibly depending on the requirements.

According to 11 a component catalog 118 of a supplier is shown in sections. In this case, the system 1 has an ML algorithm which is designed in such a way that it carries out a pattern analysis and pattern recognition of the component catalog 118 . This is read out with the ML algorithm and stored in a database in such a way that it can be accessed in order to be able to select providers for the provider area of the user interfaces 84 or 96 . In this case, the component catalog 118 is preferably present in digital form. A component catalog in paper form is simply digitized using appropriate means, for example by scanning. In other words, the ML algorithm can read out the data relevant for the calculations of the system 1 from the component catalogue. The component catalogs 118 are evaluated, for example, at regular time intervals. The data read from the component catalog 118 is listed in the tables 120. The data is sorted here. Such an ML algorithm is easily trained using a large number of older component catalogues. A deep learning algorithm is preferably used.

According to 12 another input mask 122 for the configurator 4 is shown. Here, requirements are divided into requirement categories, such as loads, geometry, function, safety and economy. For example, a shaft diameter can be entered for the "Geometry" requirement. If this requirement is not to be selected as YES, the torque and axial force limits are preferably the physically highest, i.e. the largest shaft diameters. See reference number 124 for why NO is also in the diameter selection field “Maximum value” in the basic setting. If a shaft diameter is to be selected, the request is first set to YES. A shaft diameter can then be selected in steps of 100, for example. In the selection matrix, the limit values of each component only change gradually. The shrink disc is given as an example. In this way, components that tend to have their strengths in the lower torque range stay longer in the race in search of the optimal component.

In 13 another possible output of the configurator 4 is shown. This is a ranking of features, especially machine elements. These are compiled and calculated maximum torques of the various components, arranged in order of priority. The ranking is based on the maximum torque, i.e. up to which torque the physical limit of a component is reached. Using the shaft diameter to be entered, see 12 , this ranking can be designed dynamically, ie depending on the entered shaft diameter, there may be a different ranking of the components. This means that depending on the entered shaft diameter, the maximum torque of the components is determined and then listed in the order of priority. in the first column of 13 is either the "max. Torque" or "Torque at d = ... mm". In the case of WNV, it would be conceivable to provide a ranking based on the axial force and/or on costs or on a cost factor. For example, the procedure is such that with a diameter of 100 mm, for example, the relative cost factor 1 is assigned to the cheapest component. All other components are assigned a higher cost factor depending on the cost. In this way, it is easy to see which component is the optimal one from an economic point of view. Manufacturer independence should preferably be maintained and no manufacturer information be made. However, if advertising space is provided, a ranking of the cheapest and best manufacturers would be possible with the collected data.

Statistical evaluations of the configurator queries can be made available to the manufacturers who book advertising space in such a way that, for example, a statement can be made per month as to which components are often used as the optimal component as a result of the user and which are used less frequently.

Claims (10)

Computer-implemented system, a database being provided in which components and/or construction principles and their properties are stored, with a plurality of subsystems (10, 26-34, 104-116), each of which has a configurator (4) for a respective main group of construction elements have, wherein the respective construction element main group has one or more component(s) or one or more construction principle(s) of the database, wherein a respective subsystem (10, 26-34,104-116) has a respective input mask (64, 74, 86, 98) which can be used as an input for the configurator (4) of this subsystem (10, 26-34,104-116) to enter at least one requirement for the component and/or construction principle of the main group of structural elements of this subsystem (10, 26-34,104-116). , Wherein the respective configurator (4) is set up in such a way that, based on the at least one requirement via the database, this at least one suitable component and/or construction principle from its construct tion element main group is determined and output. system after claim 1 , wherein the main group of construction elements is a main group of machine elements, the components and/or construction principles being machine elements. system after claim 1 or 2 , wherein at least some of the subsystems (10, 26-34,104-116) have a converter (12), wherein the input for the converter (12) is at least one parameter that can be entered via the input mask (64, 74, 86, 98) for the calculation a geometry of the component and/or construction principle transmitted by the configurator (4) to this subsystem (10, 26-34, 104-116), the converter (12) being designed in such a way that it converts at least one geometry property for the component based on the parameter entered and/or construction principle determined. system after claim 3 , wherein the converter (12) has a plurality of different formulas for calculating the geometry property/s or a respective formula for the respective geometry property, the converter (12) depending on the at least one entered parameter for calculating the geometry selecting the appropriate formula. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the input mask (64, 74, 86, 98) has a plurality of requirements that can be selected and serve as input for the configurator (4) and/or for the converter (12), and/ or wherein the input mask (64, 74, 86, 98) has at least one input field via which a value for the configurator (4) and/or for the converter (12) can be entered as a request. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the respective configurator (4) is set up in such a way that it categorizes the at least one determined component and/or construction principle into one of at least two or more in terms of its suitability for the desired requirement(s) of the machine design categories. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one supplier is assigned to at least some of the components and/or construction principles stored in the database, through which the component and/or construction principle can be obtained, the respective configurator (4) being set up to issue at least one provider. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the respective sub-system (10, 26-34, 104-116) has an interface via which it can be connected to a calculation program and/or to a CAD program, wherein the respective sub-system (10, 26- 34,104-116) transmits the at least one determined component and/or construction principle to the program (42). System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein a selection algorithm is provided, which is designed such that it is based on the sub-system (10, 26-34,104-116) and / or the component and/or construction principle determined by the program (42) selects at least one supplier who offers this component and/or construction principle with the appropriate parameters or who offers a component and/or construction principle that matches the component and/or construction principle with the appropriate parameters comes next, with the selection algorithm having an ML algorithm that detects the suppliers' component catalogs in such a way that they can be used by the selection algorithm for the supplier selection. System according to one of the preceding claims, wherein this has a digital construction kit which has a plurality of construction kit fields (14-22), in each of which a sub-system (10, 26-34, 104-116) can be inserted, with at least some of the sub-systems (10 , 26-34,104-116) are connected via the modular fields (14-22) in such a way that an output (8, 40, 46, 56) of one subsystem (10, 26-34,104-116) can be used as an input (6, 38, 44) of the associated subsystem (10, 26-34, 104-116).

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