DE102021112279A1 - System for fire and/or smoke detection in an aircraft, method for fire and/or smoke detection - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a system (10) for fire and/or smoke detection in an aircraft (15), in particular in a cargo hold (18) of an aircraft, comprising: - a multiplicity of temperature detection units (20), each having at least one temperature sensor and have a radio transmission unit,- a large number of radio transmitters (25) for receiving and forwarding signals from the radio transmission units, and- at least one radio reader (30) for receiving and forwarding signals from the radio transmitters (25 ), wherein the at least one radio reader (30) is connected to an on-board power supply of the aircraft (15) and to a computing unit (35), in particular to an on-board computer of the aircraft.

Description

The invention relates to a system for detecting fire and/or smoke in an aircraft, in particular in a cargo hold of an aircraft. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for fire and/or smoke detection in an aircraft, in particular in a cargo hold of an aircraft, using a system according to the invention.

Cargo areas in passenger aircraft or in cargo aircraft for the transport of pallets or cargo containers, in particular so-called ULDs (unit load devices) are equipped with smoke detectors as standard for detecting fires. Such smoke detectors are distributed in a cargo hold.

In the event of a fire with smoke development, such smoke detectors emit an alarm signal. An extinguishing system is then used to try to extinguish or minimize the fire. Such a quenching system is based on the use of halon. The pilot of the aircraft will then try to head for the nearest airport as quickly as possible in order to carry out an emergency landing there.

Numerous smoke detectors are designed as so-called photo-optical devices that emit infrared rays. If such an infrared beam is directed onto a sensor due to the development of smoke, a corresponding alarm signal is output.

However, it is known that other environmental parameters such as water vapour, dust or insects can also trigger such photo-optical devices and generate corresponding false alarms. According to the FAA (Federal Aviation Administration), more than 100 false alarms are triggered for every real fire. False alarms of this type are extremely expensive, since the rerouting and emergency loading of an aircraft and the repair of the fire extinguishing system are associated with high costs.

Furthermore, it is known to provide smoke alarms that work on an ion basis. Similar problems with regard to false alarms are known with regard to smoke alarms designed in this way.

It is also known to use video surveillance in the cargo hold to compensate for such false alarms due to additional video surveillance. With fully loaded cargo holds, however, there is the problem that not all areas of the fully loaded cargo hold can be covered without a doubt with the help of video surveillance. Due to the loaded cargo, not all sections and corners of a cargo hold can be reliably monitored using video systems. In addition, such a video surveillance system is susceptible to the formation of condensation on the optical lenses. Condensate is formed due to temperature fluctuations in the cargo hold of an aircraft.

In the recent past, it has also been shown that the problem of transporting lithium-ion batteries is increasing. It is possible that such lithium-ion batteries can self-ignite due to "thermal runaway", so that surrounding objects can be set on fire.

Such cargo is therefore declared as dangerous goods. However, it cannot be ruled out that undeclared dangerous goods are transported in ULDs or in the baggage of passengers on passenger aircraft.

One problem is that fires cannot initially be detected if, for example, the lithium-ion battery is in a closed ULD. Such a fire can often only be detected by means of the smoke detectors used to date when the fire or the heat has already destroyed a surrounding ULD material, so that smoke is escaping from the ULD. This is particularly critical since any fire is initially not detected in the initial development phase.

In the light of the above, it is the object of the present invention to specify a further developed system for fire and/or smoke detection in an aircraft, in particular in a cargo hold of an airplane, with the further developed system enabling faster fire and/or smoke detection target. It should preferably be possible to detect the exact location with regard to the origin of the fire.

Furthermore, it is the object of the present invention to specify a further developed method for fire and/or smoke detection in an aircraft, in particular in a cargo hold of an aircraft.

With regard to the system for fire and/or smoke detection in an aircraft, in particular in a cargo hold of an aircraft, with the features of claim 1, and with regard to a method for fire and/or smoke detection in an aircraft, in particular in a cargo hold of an aircraft, with the features of claim 10.

Advantageous developments result from the claims.

• - eine Vielzahl von Temperaturerfassungs-Einheiten, die jeweils mindestens einen Temperatursensor und eine Funk-Sendeeinheit aufweisen,
• - eine Vielzahl von Funk-Transmittern zum Empfangen und Weiterleiten von Signalen der Funk-Sendeeinheiten, und
• - mindestens einen Funk-Reader zum Empfangen und Weiterleiten von Signalen der Funk-Transmitter, wobei

der mindestens eine Funk-Reader mit einer Recheneinheit, insbesondere mit einem Boardcomputer des Flugzeugs, verbunden ist und vorzugsweis an eine Bordspannungsversorgung des Flugzeugs angeschlossen ist.The object of the invention is achieved in particular by a system for fire and/or smoke detection in an aircraft, in particular in a cargo hold of an aircraft, which comprises:

• - a large number of temperature detection units, each of which has at least one temperature sensor and a radio transmitter unit,
• - a large number of radio transmitters for receiving and forwarding signals from the radio transmitter units, and
• - At least one radio reader for receiving and forwarding signals from the radio transmitter, wherein

the at least one radio reader is connected to a computing unit, in particular to an on-board computer of the aircraft, and is preferably connected to an on-board power supply of the aircraft.

With the aid of the system according to the invention, it is possible to detect fire and/or smoke more quickly.

Due to the large number of temperature recording units, it is also possible for a fire to be localized more quickly.

The system according to the invention can be retrofitted to existing aircraft in a particularly simple manner.

The system according to the invention comprises a number of components, namely a large number of temperature detection units, a large number of radio transmitters, at least one radio reader and at least one computing unit.

The radio transmitter, the radio reader and the at least one computing unit are preferably installed or fastened directly in the aircraft. The temperature detection units, on the other hand, can be variable in terms of their positioning.

The temperature detection units can be stationary and/or mobile temperature detection units. In particular, a component that has at least one temperature sensor and at least one radio transmitter unit is to be understood as a temperature detection unit. The temperature sensor and the radio transmission unit are preferably located in a common housing or are connected to one another, so that the temperature sensor and the radio transmission unit together form a unit, with this formed temperature detection unit being able to be handled as a single component.

The temperature sensor of the temperature detection unit is preferably arranged in a holding device.

The data recorded with the help of the temperature recording unit are forwarded to at least one radio transmitter.

The radio transmitters are preferably installed in a stationary manner in the aircraft, in particular in the cargo hold of the aircraft.

The radio transmission units of the temperature detection units can be in the form of Bluetooth transmission units. The radio transmitters can be in the form of Bluetooth transmitters. The at least one radio reader can be in the form of a Bluetooth reader.

All transmission units, transmitters and readers are preferably designed as such components that enable wireless transmission of signals. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the transmission units, the transmitters and the reader are based on the transmission of Bluetooth signals.

In one embodiment of the invention, it is possible for several temperature detection units, preferably at least three temperature detection units, to be placed in or on at least one freight container and/or on at least one freight pallet and/or in or on a unit load device (ULD). . The embodiments mentioned have the advantage that the temperature detection units are located relatively close to the freight items to be transported. Temperature changes, such as those that can occur with lithium-ion batteries due to thermal runaway, can therefore be detected extremely quickly.

This offers the advantage that the temperatures can be detected directly on or in a freight container and/or a freight pallet and/or a ULD. It is therefore no longer necessary for smoke to develop first in order to be able to conclude that there are fires or fires that are developing. It is therefore also not necessary first of all to destroy part or adjacent material of freight containers and/or freight pallets and/or ULDs in order to be able to detect fire and/or smoke.

In a further embodiment of the invention, several temperature detection units, preferably at least three temperature detection units, can be placed on freight items that are located in a freight container or on a freight pallet or in a ULD. In this In this case, the temperature detection units are designed to be mobile. The temperature detection units are placed in or on the freight container or on a freight pallet or in a ULD after or during the loading of the freight container and/or freight pallets and/or ULDs.

This enables the number of temperature measurement units to be adapted to the respective loading situation in a freight container, a freight pallet or a ULD. Furthermore, it is possible to adapt the respective position of the temperature detection units to the respective loading situation in the freight container, on the freight pallet or in the ULD.

In a further embodiment of the invention, several temperature detection units can be arranged in the roof area of a freight container or ULD, in particular on the side of the roof pointing towards the interior of the freight container or the ULD. In such an embodiment of the invention, the freight container or a ULD can be equipped with temperature detection units as standard. In this case it is not necessary to load the temperature detection units manually, since the temperature detection units are already located in the freight container or in the ULD.

In a further embodiment of the invention it is possible for a plurality of temperature detection units, preferably at least three temperature detection units, to be arranged on a load securing net of a freight pallet. In this case it is possible to adapt the temperature detection units to the loading situation on a freight pallet. Depending on the height of the freight pallet or the height of the freight items on the freight pallet, the temperature detection units can be adjusted with regard to their respective position.

Forming a plurality of temperature detection units per freight container or freight pallet or ULD has the advantage that redundancy is achieved with regard to the temperatures to be recorded.

If the temperature detection units are placed on freight items that are located in a freight container, a freight pallet or in a ULD, the temperature detection units are preferably positioned in such a way that they rest on top of the freight items. In other words, in this case the temperature detection units should be positioned on the upper freight pieces of the freight container, the freight pallet or the ULD.

If a freight container or a freight pallet or a ULD is equipped with a fireproof cover, the temperature detection units are preferably placed under this fireproof cover.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the temperature detection units can be installed on the ceiling of the cargo hold of an aircraft. In such an embodiment of the invention, the temperature detection units are stationary in the aircraft. This simplifies the loading process of a freight compartment and the loading of any freight containers or pallets or ULDs, since these do not have to be equipped individually with temperature measurement units.

If the temperature detection units are installed in a stationary manner in an aircraft, in particular in the cargo hold of an aircraft, these temperature detection units can be connected to the on-board power supply.

If the temperature detection units are designed as mobile temperature detection units, i. H. if the temperature detection units are placed in or on a freight container or on at least one freight pallet or in or on a ULD, the temperature detection units preferably have a battery. This enables simple retrofitting in an aircraft, in particular in an aircraft hold.

Stationarily installed temperature detection units can also have a battery. This simplifies the retrofitting of the system in an aircraft, in particular in an aircraft hold.

The at least one radio reader can be installed on or near a cargo hatch of an aircraft. Positioning a radio reader in this way enables a temperature detection unit to be detected during a loading process. In other words, this positioning of the radio reader makes it particularly easy to load a cargo hold with a cargo container and/or a cargo pallet and/or a ULD in or on which a temperature detection unit is configured.

It is possible that several radio transmitters are connected to an aircraft's on-board power supply. The radio transmitters are preferably permanently installed in the aircraft, in particular in a hold of an aircraft, so that the radio transmitters can be connected to an on-board power supply in a simple manner.

At least one radio transmitter preferably also has a battery, in particular a rechargeable battery, or is connected to a battery, in particular a rechargeable battery. This makes it possible for the radio transmitter to be operated, for example, during the flight using the on-board power supply. If there is no on-board voltage, the radio transmitter can continue to be supplied with power using the rechargeable battery. A rechargeable battery can preferably be charged during a loading process or while the aircraft is standing on the ground, so that the radio transmitter can continue to be operated in the event of a possible failure or inactivation of the on-board power supply.

• - im oder auf dem Boden des Frachtraums, oder
• - in oder an der Decke des Frachtraums, oder
• - in oder an Seitenwänden des Frachtraums, oder
• - zwischen Rollenbahnen des Frachtraums

angeordnet sein.The at least one radio transmitter can:

• - in or on the floor of the hold, or
• - in or on the ceiling of the hold, or
• - in or on side walls of the cargo hold, or
• - between roller conveyors of the cargo hold

be arranged.

It is also possible that several radio transmitters are in different positions, i. H. are optionally arranged in or on the floor of the cargo hold, in or on the ceiling of the cargo hold, in or on side walls of the cargo hold and between roller conveyors of the cargo hold. This enables extensive radio coverage in the cargo hold with regard to the signals to be received from the radio transmitter units of the temperature detection units.

1. a) Erfassen von Temperaturwerten mittels der Temperaturerfassungs-Einheiten,
2. b) Bereitstellen von Datenpaketen in der Temperaturerfassungs-Einheit, wobei die Datenpakete jeweils die erfassten Temperaturwerte und eine für jede Temperaturerfassungs-Einheit einzeln zugeordnete Identifikationskennung aufweisen,
3. c) Senden der Datenpakete von den Temperaturerfassungs-Einheiten zu Funk-Transmittern,
4. d) Weiterleiten der Datenpakete von den Funk-Transmittern zu dem mindestens einen Funk-Reader,
5. e) Weiterleiten der Datenpakete von dem Funk-Reader an die Recheneinheit,
6. f) Vergleichen aller empfangenen Temperaturwerte mit einem Temperatur-Schwellwert in der Recheneinheit.

A further aspect of the invention relates to a method for fire and/or smoke detection in an aircraft, in particular in a cargo hold of an aircraft, using a system according to the invention, comprising the steps:

1. a) recording of temperature values using the temperature recording units,
2. b) providing data packets in the temperature detection unit, the data packets each having the detected temperature values and an identifier assigned individually for each temperature detection unit,
3. c) Sending the data packets from the temperature recording units to radio transmitters,
4. d) forwarding of the data packets from the radio transmitters to the at least one radio reader,
5. e) forwarding of the data packets from the radio reader to the processing unit,
6. f) Comparing all received temperature values with a temperature threshold value in the computing unit.

If it is determined that the temperature threshold value has been exceeded, an alarm signal is preferably output in step f) and preferably forwarded to a display unit located in the cockpit of the aircraft.

The pilot of an aircraft is informed in a very short time about excessive temperatures in the aircraft, especially in the cargo hold of an aircraft. The pilot can then prepare the necessary countermeasures, for example triggering an extinguishing process and initiating an emergency landing.

Due to the use of temperature sensors, disruptive influences such as those caused by water vapour, dust or insects are no longer associated with triggering a false alarm. Such environmental or ambient influences do not have a negative effect on the temperatures to be detected.

During a loading process, the at least one radio reader preferably detects the temperature detection units when passing through a cargo hatch of the cargo hold, with the positions of the respective temperature detection units being detected by the radio transmitters, so that each temperature detection unit with the associated identifier has a position in the cargo space is assigned. During a loading process, the temperature detection units are located in or on at least one freight container and/or on at least one freight pallet and/or in or on a ULD.

The at least one radio reader can preferably read out all temperature detection units, in particular all radio transmission units of the temperature detection units, when passing through a cargo hatch of a cargo hold.

With the help of the additional or subsequent detection of the position of the respective temperature detection unit with the associated identifier, a matrix detection with regard to temperatures to be detected in the cargo hold can take place. With an increasing number of temperature detection units or with an increasing density of existing temperature detection units, there can be improved spatial coverage with regard to temperatures to be detected in a cargo hold.

The position of each temperature detection unit is preferably sent to and stored in the computing unit.

The at least one radio reader is preferably integrated in a computing unit or in a computing network of the aircraft. It is possible here for the radio reader to be in the form of a stand-alone device. It is also possible for the radio reader to be integrated into the control panels of a freight loading system.

The at least one radio reader is preferably connected to the on-board power supply of the aircraft. This enables the radio reader to be operated reliably during flight.

The temperatures recorded by the temperature detection units are received with the aid of the radio transmitters installed in the aircraft, in particular in the hold of the aircraft, the respective position of the temperature detection unit is determined and this information is sent to the at least one radio reader.

This approach enables early detection of fires in an aircraft. Furthermore, the place where the fire started can be detected more easily.

Step c) can be carried out at a regular time interval or at the request of at least one radio transmitter.

The time interval can preferably be at most 60 seconds, in particular at most 30 seconds, in particular at most 10 seconds. Carrying out step c) at a regular time interval offers the advantage that fires or temperature anomalies can be detected at an early stage.

On the other hand, carrying out step c) on request from at least one radio transmitter offers the advantage that smaller amounts of data have to be transmitted within the hold or within the aircraft and corresponding data queries are only carried out on request.

In step c), the data packets from the temperature detection units are preferably sent to the locally nearest radio transmitter.

This enables the advantage of a stable wireless connection to the respective temperature measurement units.

The aforesaid computing unit preferably has an interface so that the recorded temperature values or corresponding alarm signals can be sent to the cockpit of an aircraft.

Furthermore, it is possible for the recorded temperature values or alarm signals to be sent to a fire detection system or a fire extinguishing system.

Similar or the same advantages result in connection with the method according to the invention as have already been mentioned in connection with the system according to the invention.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The illustrated embodiments represent examples of how the system according to the invention can be designed.

• 1 eine schematische Darstellung hinsichtlich der Ausbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Systems;
• 2a-2c unterschiedliche Konfigurationen hinsichtlich der Anordnung von Temperaturerfassungs-Einheiten; und
• 3 eine Schnittdarstellung durch einen Laderaum mit entsprechender Ausbildung eines erfindungsgemäßen Systems.

In these show.

• 1 a schematic representation of the design of the system according to the invention;
• 2a-2c different configurations regarding the arrangement of temperature detection units; and
• 3 a sectional view through a hold with a corresponding design of a system according to the invention.

In the following description, the same reference numerals are used for the same parts and parts with the same effect.

In 1 1, a system 10 for fire and/or smoke detection is shown schematically in a cargo hold 18 of an aircraft 19 in a plan view.

Roller conveyors 80 are formed on the floor 15 of the cargo hold 18 so that the cargo container, in particular ULDs 40 in the cargo hold 18, can be loaded easily.

Similarly, 18 radio transmitters 25 are formed in the cargo hold. These radio transmitters 25 serve to receive and forward signals from radio transmitter units of temperature detection units 20.

In the example shown, the radio transmitters 25 are formed on the floor 50 or on the ceiling 51 of the cargo hold 18 . It is also possible for additional radio transmitters 25 to be formed on side walls 52 of cargo hold 18 . In the present example are in the range of pages Walls 52 additional control panels 60 are formed.

In the example shown, the temperature detection units 20 are formed directly in or on the ULDs 40 . The temperature detection units 20 each have at least one temperature sensor and a radio transmitter unit.

The temperature detection units 20 provide data packets which have the detected temperature values and an identifier assigned individually for each temperature detection unit 20 .

The system 10 according to the invention also includes at least one radio reader 30 for receiving and forwarding signals from the radio transmitter 25.

An external control panel 65 can also be seen. With the aid of such an external control panel 65, ULDs 40 can be detected when they are loaded into the cargo hold 18. In particular, the temperature detection units 20 located in or on the ULDs 40 are to be detected.

The radio readers 30 are also formed in the area of the cargo hatch 19, so that the radio readers 30 can detect the temperature detection units 20 in or on the ULDs.

The at least one radio reader 30 can thus detect the temperature detection units 20 placed in or on the ULDs 40 when passing through the cargo hatch 19 during the loading process. The positions of the respective temperature detection units 20 can be detected by the radio transmitters 25, so that a position in the cargo hold 18 is assigned to each temperature detection unit 20 with the associated identifier.

The position of each temperature detection unit 20 can be sent to the computing unit 35, which is also located in the aircraft 15, and stored there.

• Im Schritt a) werden zunächst Temperaturwerte mittels der Temperaturerfassungs-Einheiten 20 erfasst.

After completion of the loading process, the following method steps for fire or smoke detection in an aircraft 15, in particular in a cargo hold 18 of the aircraft 15, are preferably carried out:

• In step a), temperature values are first recorded using the temperature recording units 20 .

In step b), data packets are then provided in the temperature detection unit 20 , the data packets each having the detected temperature values and an identifier assigned individually for each temperature detection unit 20 .

In step c), these data packets are sent from the temperature detection units to at least one radio transmitter 25 in each case. For this purpose, the temperature detection units 20 each have a radio transmission unit.

In step d), the data packets are forwarded by the radio transmitters 25 to the at least one radio reader.

In step e), these data packets are in turn forwarded by the radio reader 30 to the processing unit 35 . In step f), the processing unit 35 compares all received temperature values with a temperature threshold value in the processing unit 35.

If it is determined in step f) that the temperature threshold value has been exceeded, an alarm signal is output, which is preferably forwarded to a display unit located in the cockpit 16 of the aircraft 15 .

It is possible that the pilot of the aircraft 15 then initiates an erasure process. It is also possible for a deletion process to be triggered automatically.

In the 2a-2c exemplary arrangements or positioning options with regard to the temperature detection units 20 are shown.

According to the embodiment of 2a it is possible that the temperature detection units 20 are formed on the roof 47 of a ULD. In particular, the temperature detection units 20 are attached on the side 48 facing the interior space 46 . In this exemplary embodiment, the temperature detection units 20 can be fixed firmly in the ULD. The ULD can thus be loaded with freight items 45 independently of the respective position of the temperature detection units 20 .

In 2 B it is again shown that the temperature detection units 20 are positioned on freight items 45 . The freight items 45 are located in the interior 46 of the ULD. The temperature detection units 20 are preferably placed on the freight items 45 . The temperature detection units 20 are preferably placed on the freight items 45 at the top in the vertical extension. This arrangement of the temperature detection units 20 has the advantage that the Temperatures are relatively close to the cargo 45 detected.

In 2c An alternative embodiment is shown in which the temperature sensing units 20 are installed on the ceiling 51 of the cargo hold 18 . This offers the advantage that the temperature detection units 20 do not have to be positioned separately after each loading process of the ULDs.

In 3 a system 10 according to the invention is again shown, with at least one ULD being located in the cargo hold of the aircraft. The radio transmission paths are in 3 shown as arrows.

Cargo items 45 are loaded in the ULD. The temperature detection units 20 are in turn positioned on these freight items 45 . In 3 thus becomes the in 2 B shown configuration shown in terms of a ULD.

The ULDs can be easily positioned using the roller tracks 80. Radio transmitters 25 are formed between the roller conveyors 80 . A radio reader 30 can also be seen. In the example shown, this is embodied on the side wall of the cargo hold. The temperature values recorded by the temperature recording units 20 are sent to the radio transmitter 25 as a data packet. In addition to the recorded temperature value, a data packet records an individually assigned identifier for the respective temperature recording unit. Preferably, the data packet is sent to the local nearest radio transmitter 25.

The radio transmitters 25 forward the data packets to the at least one radio reader 30 . From there, the data packets are forwarded to a computing unit (not shown here). All received temperature values are then compared with a temperature threshold value in the processing unit.

With the aid of the system 10 according to the invention, it is possible for temperature anomalies to be detected extremely quickly. Furthermore, due to the system 10, it is possible to easily identify the location of the temperature anomaly. This enables the fire or smoke in an aircraft 15 to be detected more quickly and allocated more precisely to the fire. Furthermore, the temperature detection units 20 are less susceptible to faults than known smoke sensors. The risk of triggering false alarms is thus reduced.

At this point it should be pointed out that all the parts described above, viewed individually and in any combination, in particular the details shown in the drawings, are claimed to be essential to the invention.

Reference List

10

system

15

airplane

16

cockpit

18

cargo hold

19

cargo hatch

20

temperature detection unit

25

radio transmitter

30

radio reader

35

unit of account

40

ULD

45

piece of cargo

46

inner space

47

roof

48

side

50

floor cargo hold

51

Cargo hold ceiling

52

side wall cargo hold

60

control panel

65

external control panel

80

roller conveyor

Claims (15)

System (10) for fire and/or smoke detection in an aircraft (15), in particular in a cargo hold (18) of an aircraft, comprising: - a large number of temperature detection units (20), each of which has at least one temperature sensor and a radio transmitter unit, - a large number of radio transmitters (25) for receiving and forwarding signals from the radio transmission units, and - at least one radio reader (30) for receiving and forwarding signals from the radio transmitter (25), the at least one radio reader (30) being connected to a computing unit (35), in particular to an on-board computer of the aircraft, and is preferably connected to an on-board power supply of the aircraft (15). system (10) according to claim 1 , characterized in that the radio transmission units are designed as Bluetooth transmission units and the radio transmitter (25) as Bluetooth transmitter and the at least one radio reader (30) is a Bluetooth reader. system (10) according to claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that several temperature detection units (20), preferably at least three temperature detection units (20), in or on at least one freight container and/or on at least one freight pallet and/or in or on a unit load device (ULD) ( 40) are placed. system (10) according to claim 3 , characterized in that several temperature detection units (20), preferably at least three temperature detection units (20), are placed on freight items (45) that are in a freight container or on a freight pallet or in a ULD. system (10) according to claim 3 or 4 , characterized in that several temperature detection units (20) in the roof area (47) of a freight container or a ULD (40), in particular on the interior (46) of the freight container or the ULD (40) facing side (48) of the roof ( 47), are arranged. System (10) according to one of claims 3 until 5 , characterized in that several temperature detection units (20), preferably at least three temperature detection units (20), are arranged on a load securing net of a freight pallet. System (10) according to one of Claims 1 until 6 , characterized in that the at least one radio reader (30) is installed on or in the vicinity of a cargo hatch (19) of an aircraft (15). System (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of radio transmitters (25) are connected to an on-board power supply of the aircraft (15), with at least one radio transmitter (25) preferably also having a battery, in particular a rechargeable battery has or is connected to a battery, in particular a rechargeable battery. System (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one radio transmitter (25) - in or on the floor (50) of the cargo hold (18) or - in or on the ceiling (51) of the cargo hold (18 ) or - is arranged in or on side walls (52) of the cargo hold (18) or - between roller conveyors (80) of the cargo hold (18). Method for fire and / or smoke detection in an aircraft (15), in particular in a cargo hold (18) of an aircraft, using a system according to one of Claims 1 until 9 , comprising the steps: a) detecting temperature values by means of the temperature detection units (20), b) providing data packets in the temperature detection unit (20), the data packets each containing the detected temperature values and one for each temperature detection unit (20) have individually assigned identifiers, c) sending the data packets from the temperature detection units (20) to radio transmitters (25), d) forwarding the data packets from the radio transmitters (25) to the at least one radio reader (30), e) forwarding the data packets from the radio reader (30) to the computing unit (35), f) comparing all received temperature values with a temperature threshold value in the computing unit (35). procedure after claim 10 , characterized in that when it is determined that the temperature threshold value has been exceeded in step f), an alarm signal is output and preferably forwarded to a display unit located in the cockpit (16) of the aircraft (15). procedure after claim 10 or 11 , characterized in that the at least one radio reader (30) during a loading process the temperature detection units (20) placed in or on at least one freight container and/or on at least one freight pallet and/or in or on a ULD (40). Passing a cargo hatch (19) of the cargo hold (18) is detected, the positions of the respective temperature detection units (20) being detected by the radio transmitters (25), so that each temperature detection unit (20) with the associated identifier has a position in the cargo hold (18) is assigned. procedure after claim 12 , characterized in that the position of each temperature detection unit (20) is sent to the computing unit (35) and stored therein. Procedure according to one of Claims 10 until 13 , characterized in that step c) - is carried out at a regular time interval, which is preferably at most 60 seconds, in particular at most 30 seconds, in particular at most 10 seconds, or - at the request of at least one radio transmitter (25). Procedure according to one of Claims 10 until 14 , characterized in that in step c) the data packets of the temperature detection units (20) are each sent to the locally closest radio transmitter (25).

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