DE102021107686A1 - Shredder and method for producing mixtures of substances - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a container for a chopper, a blade for a chopper, a chopper system comprising a container for a chopper and a blade for a chopper, and a method for producing a mixture of substances using a container for a chopper and at least one blade for a shredder.

Description

1. a) Zumindest teilweises Befüllen des Innenraums des Behälters mit zumindest einem Fluid, insbesondere Wasser
2. b) Zumindest teilweises Befüllen des Innenraums des Behälters mit Material, insbesondere organischem Material, und anschließendem Verschluss durch einen Deckel
3. c) Zerkleinern und Suden des Materials durch eine Messerrotationsbewegung des Messers, wodurch das Material zerkleinert wird und anschließend vorzugsweise im Wesentlichen in einem Stoffgemisch vorliegt, welches insbesondere heterogen ist und einen Sud sowie zumindest einen Feststoff umfasst.

The present invention relates to a container for a chopper comprising a base and at least one side wall that can be arranged on the base. As a result, an interior space can be formed, in which material, in particular organic material, and at least one fluid can be introduced. The material can be absorbable in the at least one fluid. Furthermore, the present invention includes a blade for a chopper for comminuting material, in particular organic material. In this case, the blade can have at least one blade blade, which can be rotated clockwise or counterclockwise along a blade rotation direction essentially parallel to the ground. In this case, the at least one blade wing can have, at least in sections, a blade pointing in the direction of rotation of the blade and a back pointing counter to the direction of rotation of the blade. The invention further relates to a chopper system comprising a container according to the invention for a chopper and a knife according to the invention. A flow of the material and the at least one fluid can be generated by the rotation of the knife. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing a substance mixture using a container according to the invention and a knife according to the invention. The process includes at least the following steps:

1. a) At least partial filling of the interior of the container with at least one fluid, in particular water
2. b) At least partial filling of the interior of the container with material, in particular organic material, and subsequent closure with a lid
3. c) Crushing and brewing of the material by rotating the blade of the blade, whereby the material is comminuted and then preferably essentially present in a mixture of substances, which is in particular heterogeneous and comprises a brew and at least one solid.

It is well known that plants need additional nutrients in addition to warmth, light, air and water for their growth. These are necessary to control and support the growth and development of plants. The nutrients in the soil are often not in the form and quantity that can be optimally utilized due to insufficient natural concentration, leaching from the soil or removal through harvesting and replanting. Only the supply of nutrients, for example in the form of fertilizer, makes it possible to replace these nutrient deprivations. The additional nutrients improve plant nutrition, promote plant growth, increase yield, improve the quality of harvested products and ultimately maintain and promote soil fertility. Nutrients can be compounds from which the plants can take elements, in particular the elements from which the plants themselves are built. These elements themselves can also be referred to as nutrients. The nutrients can be in the form of mixtures of substances. Such mixtures of substances can include, for example, elements, compounds and liquids such as water. Mixtures of substances can be distributed, for example in the form of fertilizers, in agriculture and forestry as well as in horticulture and in private gardens by application in order to optimize the supply of nutrients for the cultivated plants.

Plants need nutrients in different amounts. Therefore, a distinction is made between macronutrients and micronutrients. Macronutrients include nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulfur and calcium. The macronutrients can also include compounds such as phosphates. The requirement of macronutrients in a garden is about 2-35 g/m ² . In the case of micronutrients, on the other hand, the requirement is only around 0.5-100 mg/m ² . Micronutrients include boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, nickel and zinc.

Materials, particularly organic materials including, for example, kitchen scraps and yard waste, can be aerobically broken down by composting. In this context, aerobic composting can be understood to mean, in particular, the supply of oxygen. During composting, the materials are at least partially converted into nutrients, particularly macronutrients and micronutrients. The nutrients can then be distributed by application in an organic system, such as in forestry and agriculture (e.g. meadows, fields, forests) or in private gardens (e.g. lawns, beds). However, composting usually takes several weeks or months.

Globally, organic materials make up about 50% of total waste. Organic materials that are not disposed of properly, for example through unprofessional disposal in conventional landfills, are at least partially decomposed anaerobically (especially due to a lack of oxygen), which can lead to the release of gases that are harmful to the climate, such as methane. Accordingly, it is advantageous to achieve as much aerobic decomposition of organic materials as possible.

In addition to conventional composting, high-speed composters are also known from the prior art. The latter are characterized by the fact that the composting is technically supported, in particular accelerated. Disadvantages of this are the additional costs and the use of materials, maintenance and energy. In particular, the organic materials are often heated, which is particularly energy-intensive. In addition, the provision of nutrients by known methods is comparatively time-consuming and requires a great deal of work, for example by rearranging. In addition, devices from the prior art usually only allow insufficient efficiency and thus no satisfactory work result even after a long period of time.

It may be an object of the present invention to at least partially eliminate the disadvantages described above. In particular, an object of the present invention can be to provide a container, a knife, a chopper system and a method, whereby the production of a mixture of substances becomes easier and more environmentally friendly. In addition, costs can be reduced and more sustainable and/or improved materials can be used.

The above object is achieved by a container having the features of claim 1, a knife having the features of claim 7, a chopper system having the features of claim 10 and a method having the features of claim 13.

According to the invention, a container for a chopper is provided, comprising a base and at least one side wall that can be arranged on the base. The base, which can preferably be arranged below, ie close to the support surface, and the at least one side wall delimit an interior space which is suitable for accommodating material, in particular organic material, and at least one fluid. The material can be taken up in the at least one fluid.

In the simplest case, a container can be understood to mean a substantially cuboid hollow body which can preferably be opened or is open at least at the top. The container can have a capacity of 1 to 100 liters, preferably 10 to 60 liters, particularly preferably 20 to 50 liters, ideally 30 to 40 liters. Accordingly, it can be provided that the container has a height, measured in particular along a vertical to the support surface, from 5 to 200 cm, in particular from 20 to 100 cm, preferably from 30 to 80 cm, particularly preferably from 40 to 60 cm, ideally from Has 45 to 55 cm. This can result in the possibility of processing the most frequently occurring material without prior crushing if possible. The container can have a base area, in particular in a plan view parallel to the supporting surface underneath, between 50 to 10,000 cm ² , in particular 100 to 2,500 cm ² , preferably 200 to 1,500 cm ² , particularly preferably 250 to 1,000 cm ² , ideally 300 to 500 cm ² exhibit. A larger base area makes it possible to achieve particularly high speeds of a blade rotating in the interior of the container for optimized comminution. It may be advantageous to provide a smaller footprint to make the container more elongated, thereby requiring less space and/or higher pressure near the bottom of an at least partially filled container.

Provision can be made for the container to have a smaller cross section near the bottom and towards the top the cross section parallel to the supporting surface located underneath, in particular the ground on which it can stand essentially with the outer surface of the bottom pointing downwards gets bigger. This can be achieved by increasing the spacing of the side walls towards the top. As a result, when moving near the ground, preferably by a blade, the material and/or the at least one fluid can be deflected essentially upwards and/or radially outwards (in other words away from the blade shaft). This can be advantageous in order to produce good mixing within the interior space, in particular in order to form a flow, preferably a laminar flow. This can also promote the formation of a vortex.

According to the invention, the floor and the at least one side wall delimit an interior space which is suitable for accommodating material, in particular organic material, and at least one fluid, the material being accommodable in the at least one fluid. The container is preferably material-tight, in particular watertight. In other words, material, in particular liquid components, cannot leave the container via the bottom and/or the at least one side wall. Provision can be made for the container to have at least one spout at the upper end or essentially between the base and the at least one side wall, preferably in the vicinity of the base, through which the material can be drained, in particular if it is at least partially liquid . The at least one spout can be closed by a closure device. The closure device can have a closure cap, which has at least one O-ring can be arranged at least partially in a sealing manner over the spout, and can preferably be held by a toggle and/or a wheel, in particular a screw device. It can be advantageous if the closure cap for closing can be pushed over the spout essentially from above until the entire spout is preferably sealed, as a result of which no liquid can escape from the container. It is conceivable that at least one adapter device can be arranged, preferably reversibly, on the spout. This can enable the arrangement of an adapter, for example for garden hoses, in order to direct water or other liquids into the interior of the container during cleaning. It is also conceivable that a shut-off valve, for example comprising a ball valve, preferably made of gunmetal, is used. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the spout comprises at least one spout sieve, which allows liquid fractions and solids with a small spatial extent to pass through while larger solids are held back. Provision can be made for the container to have at least one spout at the upper end and additionally essentially between the base and the at least one side wall. Thus, it can be decided whether, for example, the liquid portion is drained on the underside while at least one solid remains in the container. It is also conceivable that a pump is provided in order to empty the interior of the container via a hose. In this way, liquid and/or pasty components can be discharged directly via the hose, preferably with increased pressure. Provision can also be made for the interior of the container to be emptied during operation of the engine; in particular, the centrifugal force which arises as a result of the rotation in the interior of the container can be used to enable discharge. Provision can also be made for a thermocouple, which can supply and/or extract thermal energy to the interior of the container, to be provided preferably below or at least partially within the base. It can be provided that an optimized brewing is achieved by supplying thermal energy, in particular by an optimized conversion or release of nutrients from the material.

The container and/or the at least one side wall and/or the bottom can have an abrasion-resistant, unbreakable plastic, which results in particular in a low weight. Provision can be made for the container and/or the at least one side wall and/or the base to be at least partially honeycombed in order to ensure that the operating volume is minimized. It is conceivable to decouple different sections, for example using softer plastic such as rubber. It is also conceivable to provide a multi-layer structure, with the respective layers being decoupled at least in sections in order to prevent the propagation of sound and thus at least partially reduce the operating volume. For example, at least two thin layers of preferably 0.1 to 2 mm made of hard plastic can be separated at least in sections from at least one thin layer of preferably 0.01 to 1 mm made of soft plastic. The use of at least three thin layers of hard plastic, in particular comprising PET, PE and/or PVC, preferably hard PVC, is particularly advantageous.

Alternatively or additionally, the container and/or the at least one side wall and/or the base can also have a metal, in particular a precious metal, copper, zinc, steel, stainless steel, resulting in a particularly long service life. It is particularly advantageous if the container or the at least one side wall is designed to be essentially transparent in the optical wavelength range. This makes it possible to monitor the interior of the container, in particular during operation, and preferably to monitor the progress of the method according to the invention in order to interrupt it if necessary.

The canister can be made separate from the underlying engine (see below), allowing the canister to be removed from the engine. The container and/or the at least one side wall can have a handle with which the container can be easily transported and moved. In other words, this can be understood to mean a handle for transporting or moving the container by hand. In this case, the handle can preferably be arranged in the upper region of the container at least on one side in a materially or materially bonded manner. It is conceivable to arrange a gentle coating on the handle, in particular to achieve improved adhesion when gripping. In this case, the protective cover can be arranged in a reversible manner, so that the protective cover can be removable, washable and, in particular, replaceable. It can be provided according to the invention that a switch described below can be arranged ergonomically on the handle. The switch can be contacted with the motor via a contact, which can be made in particular on the underside of the floor. Provision can also be made for an inductive and/or capacitive contact to take place, as a result of which no direct electrical connection is necessary.

Within the scope of the invention, material can be understood to mean any object which is suitable for being chopped up by a chopper. This can advantageously be organic materials that are at least partially in the solid or liquid state. Examples of this are kitchen waste from potatoes, carrots, bananas, apples, lemons, tangerines, pears, oranges, onions, eggs, etc. Leftovers from apples, rose cabbage, cauliflower, white cabbage, savoy cabbage, etc., withered flowers/plants and the like . Garden waste can also be understood as such, for example, wood (twigs, branches) preferably with a diameter of less than 4 cm, preferably less than 2 cm, clippings, lawn, flowers, wild herbs such as thistles, dandelions, orchards, nettles, red clover, thistles , goutweed and the like. The material can be completely dry, semi-dry or wet, and in particular can have a very large water content. Particular preference is given to material which essentially on average has a comparatively high water content of 50 to 99.5%, preferably 60 to 99%, particularly preferably 70 to 95%. It can thus be provided that the container is preferably used for a wet chopper. The advantage of the materials used can be that they can be used directly where they occur, preferably by a method according to the invention. This results in improved waste disposal and cost savings. It can be provided that the material does not exceed a maximum length of 0.5 to 200 cm, in particular 1 to 100 cm, preferably 2 to 50 cm, particularly preferably 5 to 30 cm, ideally 10 to 20 cm. This means that there is no need for time-consuming crushing before filling the interior of the container.

It can be provided that the materials are at least partially composted. It can be particularly advantageous that the materials, in particular organic materials, are not composted beforehand but within a time window of less than 72 hours, preferably within less than 48 hours, particularly preferably within 24 hours after they have been created (through use or processing such as peeling, cutting, etc.) can be placed in the container in order to be able to be crushed.

It can be provided that the material has already been coarsely chopped up before filling, for example using a larger dry chopper or a saw. The invention can thus be suitable for the further processing of products from a dry chopper.

It can be provided that the material additionally includes mineral fertilizers and/or artificial fertilizers in order to achieve an increased fertilizing effect.

In the context of the invention, fluid can essentially be understood to mean a liquid, in the simplest case, for example, water. The fluid can also contain other liquids which, for example, emerge from the material or are separated from it. For example, the fluid may include vegetable water, vegetable broth, and/or potato water. According to the invention, the material can be taken up in the at least one fluid, in particular before the start of further processing, such as comminution. A mixture of material and fluid can thus result when the interior of the container is filled. It may also be the case that the material and the fluid at least partially mix to form a suspension in which the liquid and solid components do not readily separate from one another. This can be advantageous in order to ensure optimized comminution, preferably using the knives described below.

Provision can be made for the fluid and the material contained therein to be converted at least partially into at least one solid and one brew as the material is increasingly comminuted by the knife. By crushing the material, liquid fractions of the material are preferably at least partially released. The remaining components can then be present in the form of at least one solid. The fluid which was initially in the container can increasingly mix with the brew. It can also be provided that the resulting at least one solid and the brew are at least partially converted into a suspension in which the liquid and the solid components do not readily separate from one another. In other words, a mash can be produced at least in part. It can also be provided that the material is chopped up without fluid, in particular only the water bound in the material being dissolved during the process and preferably being present in the brew.

A further object of the invention can be that the container comprises a lid by means of which the interior of the container can be closed, preferably closed in a material-tight manner. Thus, no material can escape from the interior of the container and contribute to a hazard during operation, in particular during the method according to the invention. In this case, the cover can preferably comprise at least one latching element along its edge essentially on the outside. The locking element can with at least one counter-locking element essentially at the top ren end of the at least one side wall of the container are engaged. The latching element and the counter-latching element can be designed as a hinge, as a result of which the lid can be folded over the hinge to open or close the container. Alternatively, it can be provided that the latching element is configured essentially as a screw and the counter-latching element as a correspondingly counter-rotating screw thread. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the latching element interacts with the counter-latching element in order to realize a click connection. Advantageously, the lid has at least one sealing element along its edge, which seals the lid against the container, in particular against the side of the at least one side wall facing the interior. A material-tight closure can thus be achieved. For example, the at least one sealing element can be one, in particular two, particularly preferably three, rubber lips. It can be particularly preferred that the sealing element is designed at the same time as a latching element, for example by means of a lamellar or tooth-like design. The sealing element can be brought into engagement with the corresponding counter-locking element. Thus, sealing and closure can be achieved at the same time. The sealing element can have an elastic material, which in particular has a noise-dampening effect, preferably by suppressing resonances. Furthermore, it is conceivable to provide at least one ventilation opening in the cover, which can preferably be closed by a plug. Thus, preferably increased pressure within the vessel can be released without the lid being explosively ruptured. Provision can be made for the ventilation opening to be self-regulated, preferably via an actuator, in particular such that the ventilation opening is automatically opened when the pressure in the interior of the container exceeds a preset threshold value (e.g. 1.2 bar). . Furthermore, it is conceivable that a tamper is used, in particular to at least partially compress material within the interior of the container. Provision can be made for attaching a cover closure sensor essentially at the upper end of the container. This can be arranged opposite the hinge. Proper closure of the lid can be detected by the lid closure sensor, for example by an infrared sensor, capacitive sensor, inductive sensor or a piezo element. The cover and/or the at least one side wall are preferably transparent, in particular for light in the visible range. It is thus possible to look into the interior of the container at any time, which enables the crushing and/or the brewing to be monitored.

It can be advantageous here to arrange a sound-damping hood at least partially over the lid and/or the container. The operating volume can thus be reduced. In addition or as an alternative, it can also be provided that the cover has a sound-insulating seal and/or is made of a sound-insulating material. It is also conceivable that at least one insulating material can be arranged in the cover and/or in the container and/or in the motor, in particular soundproofing mats, for example made of rubber or the like. It is particularly advantageous if a sound-insulating material can be arranged between the floor and the engine in order to reduce the operating volume. It is also conceivable that actuators can be used to actively dampen the sound. Here, electrodynamic shakers, electrodynamic mass oscillators, piezoelectric shakers, piezoelectric stack actuators or piezoelectric bending actuators can be used. The vibrations that contribute to the noise development can be detected and compensated accordingly, in particular by emitting at least partially phase-shifted vibrations.

A further object of the invention can be that the at least one side wall comprises a plurality of side walls, in particular between 2 to 32, preferably 3 to 16, particularly preferably 4 to 8, ideally 4 at a lower cost, while as the number increases, the shape becomes increasingly rounded, thereby preventing in particular unwanted accumulation of material in the corners due to the larger angles between adjacent side walls. Provision can be made for the at least one side wall to be divided into a plurality of side walls, which can preferably be arranged at identical angles to the directly adjacent side walls. In this case, the side walls can advantageously form an essentially coherent composite and in particular be sealed relative to one another and/or to the floor, in particular watertight and/or material-tight. It can be particularly advantageous if the container comprises a total of four side walls which form an essentially rectangular cross section. With four side walls, this can be achieved in that adjacent side walls can be arranged essentially at right angles to one another. Preferably, at least one corner of the cross section is rounded. As a result, a flow can be generated in the interior which is preferably essentially laminar in at least one stationary state.

A laminar flow is to be understood as meaning a movement of fluids in which no visible turbulence, in particular eddies or cross-flows, form in a boundary layer between different flow velocities, which propagates perpendicularly to the direction of flow. In other words, the fluid can flow in layers that do not mix with each other. This can be a stationary flow in which the flow velocity and the cross-sectional area of the flow in particular do not change substantially over time. Such a condition can occur in particular when the contents of the container, in particular the material or the mixture of substances, are essentially no longer or only slightly further comminuted, for example because a very advanced comminution has already been achieved due to the long service life of the blade.

Provision can also be made for a turbulent flow to occur in the interior of the container, at least in sections. In the case of a rigid structure (for example in a container according to the invention), a laminar flow begins to become turbulent above a certain critical flow rate, in particular in the area of the at least one side wall. In other words, turbulences, in particular eddies or cross-flows, occur. This can be utilized within the scope of the invention by preferably increasing the flow rate beyond the critical flow rate. This can lead to the formation of turbulent flow, which can lead to advantageous mixing in the interior of the container. Thus, an optimized shredding of the material can be achieved, in particular by the fact that parts of the material which in a laminar flow are never or only a few times shredded by the knife within a certain period of time are repeatedly fed to it and can thus be shredded more quickly. In particular, provision can be made for a turbulent Flow is achieved in the interior of the container. This results in the above-described advantage of optimized comminution. The turbulent flow can also result in turbulence, which preferably detaches material that has accumulated near the at least one side wall from this in order to be fed to further comminution by the knife.

Within the scope of the invention, a stationary state can be understood to mean a state in which there is a stationary flow essentially in the interior of the container. A stationary flow can be present if the flow velocity and the cross-sectional area of the flow and preferably the flow rate are not subject to any significant change over time. Flow velocity and cross-sectional area can vary between different locations. A stationary state can be brought about in particular by keeping the engine speed constant for a longer period of time (e.g. longer than 2 minutes). As a result, all components of the material can be sufficiently crushed and a steady flow is established. However, it can also be provided that a stationary state occurs even when the comminution is less advanced, in particular depending on the fill level of the at least one fluid and the particle size of the material. It can be provided that there is initially a turbulent flow in the interior of the container, in particular after an acceleration period, and after some time, in particular after 2 to 5 minutes, preferably after 1 to 3 minutes, particularly preferably after 10 to 30 seconds steady state occurs.

It can be provided that the floor is lowered and/or rises essentially in the direction of the at least one side wall by an angle comparable to a ramp. This can be advantageous in order to optimize a flow in the interior of the container and to ensure that the material is not deposited in the edge areas of the base without being comminuted. The angle can preferably be between 0 and 30°, particularly preferably between 1 and 20°, ideally between 2 and 10°.

Provision can furthermore be made for the at least one side wall to assume an angle of essentially greater than 90° to the base or to the supporting surface underneath. In other words, the cross-section of the container essentially becomes larger and larger from the bottom upwards. The angle can be between 90° and 120°, preferably between 91° and 110°, particularly preferably between 92° and 100°, ideally between 93° and 95°. In other words, the at least one side wall can be designed in such a way that the container has an enlarged opening at the top. This results in the advantage that the material, fluid and/or mixture of substances in the interior of the container is deflected upwards, in particular during operation of the engine, as a result of which thorough mixing is achieved. Furthermore, this can result in the advantage of reduced noise development.

As shown above, an essentially laminar flow can occur at least temporarily in the interior of the container. It is also possible that a substantially turbulent flow occurs at least temporarily. The transitions between the laminar and the turbulent flow can be fluid, for example within 2 seconds, preferably between 1 and 2 seconds, particularly preferably between 0 and 1 second. A change can take place automatically in that the composition in the interior of the container changes essentially continuously or suddenly, for example if several large branches are chopped up essentially at the same time. Provision can also be made for a change to be brought about intentionally, for example by varying the motor rotation movement and in particular the blade rotation movement, preferably by varying the motor speed, i.e. for example by reducing, in particular during a deceleration period, or increasing, in particular during an acceleration period. In particular, the flow or formation of a vortex can be influenced by an acceleration period, in other words until the maximum engine speed is reached, and/or the duty cycle of the engine. A whirlpool can be understood to mean a whirlpool or a point at which the at least one fluid or the at least one mixture of substances moves downwards in a substantially circular or spiral movement, in particular during the rotational movement of the motor. It can be provided that an essentially funnel-shaped depression can form within the whirlpool, which in particular is designed essentially centrally. It is thus possible for the material, the fluid and/or the at least one substance mixture to be repeatedly fed downwards towards the bottom, in particular to the at least one knife, essentially in the center of the interior of the container. Provision can furthermore be made for the material, the fluid and/or the at least one substance mixture to repeatedly move upwards in opposite directions essentially in the vicinity of the at least one side wall, so that a circuit is formed.

This can depend on different parameters of the container, the knife and/or the process.

In particular, the flow present in the interior of the container at a certain point in time can depend on the material, fluid and/or mixture of substances or their consistency (e.g. density, strength, water content, particle size, shape). For example, at a very high water content of z. B. 80% and/or through material that has a low density and/or particle size, a laminar flow can be set more easily or more quickly, in particular due to the easier crushing, while after the engine is started and the knife acceleration begins, a turbulent flow develops at least partially flow adjusts.

Ideally, the shape of the container and the design of the blade can be adjusted in such a way that an optimized cutting effect is achieved and thus the shredding of the material in particular is as efficient as possible. For example, the cross-section can increase towards the top, essentially parallel to the bottom, as described above.

This can be achieved by creating a vortex within the interior space. This can be an essentially laminar flow, in which a circulation is achieved within the interior of the container, whereby the material, the fluid and/or the at least one substance mixture are preferably repeatedly fed to the at least one knife, for example in that essentially due to the blade rotation, the material, the fluid and/or the at least one substance mixture is pressed radially outwards in the vicinity of the bottom, is pressed upwards along the at least one side wall and suction is preferably created above the blade, which pulls the material, the fluid and/or the at least one substance mixture pulls downwards in the direction of the blade. This can result in thorough mixing and the material, the fluid and/or the at least one mixture of substances can be fed repeatedly to the blade for comminution. As described above, this can be achieved by lowering and/or raising the floor in the direction of the at least one side wall by an angle comparable to a ramp. Alternatively or additionally, this can be achieved in that, as described above, the container preferably has a smaller cross section in the vicinity of the bottom and the cross section becomes larger towards the top. This can be achieved alternatively or additionally by, as described above, preferably at least one corner of the cross section of the at least one side wall being rounded, so that there are no corners where material could potentially accumulate and then be crushed only slowly or not at all. This can also be achieved by an elliptical shape. Alternatively or additionally, this can be achieved by the blade being configured like a mixer at least in sections and/or by using a mixer as described below. Thus, after a certain operating time, for example 30 seconds, a whirlpool can form and efficient comminution can be achieved. The whirlpool can be essentially constant, at least in sections, for example wise by a substantially laminar flow or steady flow within the container. It can thus be ensured that after a few cycles, during which at least each part of the material has ideally been fed several times to the knife, the material is sufficiently comminuted, in particular by the particle size falling below a certain size on average. It can be through the vortex, in other words a cycle, of repeatedly feeding the material to the knife. For example, this can be the case when there are no longer any particles in the material that are larger than 5 mm in any direction or orientation. Provision can furthermore be made for the shape of the cross section to differ essentially at the level of the knife and in areas which are further away from the ground. Thus, for example, the shape of the container may be substantially elliptical in the vicinity of the knife (e.g. substantially in the lower quarter of the height of the container), while the container is substantially circular in the remaining upper region. The transition area between the different areas can be designed to be fluid. Overall, this results in the advantage that increased turbulent flow can form essentially in the vicinity of the knives in order to achieve an optimized cutting effect, while the flow is essentially laminar in the upper area of the container, resulting in optimized mixing throughout the entire interior of the container can result.

A further object of the invention can be that the at least one side wall of the container is at least partially designed to be essentially round, in particular in order to generate a flow which is essentially laminar in at least one stationary state. Alternatively, the at least one side wall of the container can have an essentially elliptical shape. A first semi-axis of the ellipse can be 1 to 100% longer than a second semi-axis of the ellipse, preferably 3 to 40%, particularly preferably 5 to 25%. This can be advantageous in order to generate different flow velocities of the material and of the at least one fluid, ideally essentially along the at least one side wall. A flow can thus be generated which is essentially laminar in at least one stationary state, in particular at a specific engine speed, preferably from 1,000 to 80,000 revolutions per minute. However, an elliptical shape can also make it possible for particularly efficient mixing to be achieved in the interior of the container, in particular in that a turbulent flow can be achieved essentially in the region of the shorter semi-axis, since the flow velocity is greatest here.

Provision can be made for at least one side wall of the container to be at least partially essentially round, with the rounding being able to amount to 5-25% in particular in relation to the dimensions, in particular the width of the side wall. Substantially round corners can prevent material from accumulating in the corners of the interior space that is not shredded.

A further object of the invention can be that a surface of the at least one side wall facing the interior has a surface structure. The surface structure can preferably have at least one bulge. In particular, it can be provided that the bulge deflects an increased accumulation of material near the at least one side wall in the direction of the axis of rotation, whereby the flow within the container is improved in such a way that an increased accumulation of material near the side wall can essentially be prevented. In this case, it can preferably also be prevented that fluid, brew or the at least one solid accumulate substantially near the at least one side wall. In this case, it can be provided that the at least one bulge is directed essentially counter to or along the direction of motor rotation (see below). This results in the advantage that any turbulence that occurs generates an at least local turbulent flow, as a result of which material which accumulates essentially near the at least one side wall can be detached from it.

It can be provided that at least two bulges are provided which are essentially repeated, for example essentially sinusoidal bulges can be provided which are formed at least in sections with respect to the container height in order in this way to direct the flow near the inside of the at least one side wall in this way influence that no material accumulates near the at least one side wall. For example, four peaks and four valleys can be provided along the inside of the at least one side wall, essentially in the circumferential direction. A particularly advantageous thorough mixing can thus result in the interior of the container, in particular in that turbulence is forced at least partially along the at least two bulges, which turbulence preferably detaches material adhering to the at least one side wall from this. It can be provided according to the invention that the at least two bulges are only in the area of the knife and, in particular, are not present further from the ground. This results in particularly advantageous thorough mixing, in particular as a result of turbulence essentially in the area of the blade, which can lead to an improved cutting effect.

It can alternatively or additionally be provided that at least two bulges are provided which are essentially repeated and which preferably extend essentially along the height of the container. In other words, a spiral-shaped structure can thus arise on the inside of the at least one side wall, which is suitable for deflecting material that accumulates on the inside of the at least one side wall upwards or downwards in the direction of the ground.

Provision can furthermore be made for the surface of the inside of the at least one side wall to be configured by coating or processing the surface in such a way that an accumulation of material is essentially prevented or at least made more difficult. Thus, for example, an accumulation can be prevented by a particularly smooth surface. This can be achieved, for example, by coating with PVC, silicone, polyurethane, PTFE, polypropylene (PP), polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high-density (HDPE) and low-density (LDPE) polyethylene, or polyethylene terephthalate (PET). . Provision can also be made for a certain accumulation of material to be promoted, for example by corrugation, in order to thereby generate a turbulent flow which prevents other particles of the material or the at least one solid from also accumulating there.

A further object of the invention can be that at least one drive opening is provided in the base of the container for at least partially passing through an adapter device which extends at least partially from underneath the base of the container into the interior of the container. A knife can be arranged on the adapter device, with the adapter device transmitting a motor rotation of a motor that can be arranged essentially below the floor through the adapter device to the knife, with the drive opening in particular being able to be arranged essentially centrally in the floor.

According to the invention, the adapter device can have a shaft. Provision can be made for an adapter seal to seal the adapter device, which can be rotatable, against the floor. Provision can be made for the adapter device to be operatively connected to the motor, for example via a clutch. In the simplest case, the clutch can comprise two meshing gear wheels, one gear wheel being arrangable on the adapter device and the other gear wheel being arrangable on the motor. A motor rotation of the motor can thus be transmitted into the interior of the container, in order preferably to set a rotary motion of a knife there. Ideally, the drive opening can be arranged centrally in the floor, which can be understood as a central hole for passage. Alternatively, it is conceivable that the drive opening is provided slightly offset from the central arrangement, in particular in order to create an intentional imbalance within the interior. This can result in easier comminution, in particular in the form of an asymmetrical flexing movement. It is also possible that this results in particularly good mixing in the interior of the container.

Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that a drive opening is provided in the cover. An adapter device can be guided at least partially through the drive opening into the interior of the container. The adapter device can have a shaft on which a blade can preferably be arranged. The use of a knife, which can be operated from above via the lid, can result in the advantage that the container can be easily replaced, since essential components are essentially connected to the lid, which can result in a cost advantage in particular. When using a knife that is operated by an adapter device on the lid side and a knife that is operated by a second adapter device on the bottom side, a particularly efficient comminution can result.

Within the scope of the invention it can be provided that an intentional imbalance is achieved by the adapter device and/or the blade. As a result, improved mixing can be achieved in the interior of the container. It is conceivable that an alignment of the adapter device to the vertical (essentially perpendicular to the support surface located below the floor) is provided for this purpose, the alignment being between 0 and 45°, preferably between 0.1 and 10°, particularly preferably between 0.5 up to 5°, ideally between 1 and 3°.

Alternatively or additionally, it is conceivable that an intentional imbalance is provided by the container when the adapter device is stationary. In other words, the container is set in a tumbling motion in this way, while the adapter device is aligned substantially along the vertical. The container can assume an orientation of between 0 and 45°, preferably between 0.1 and 10°, particularly preferably between 0.5 and 5°, ideally between 1 and 3° to the vertical. This can be achieved, for example, by a rubber mounting of the container. As a result, better mixing can be achieved in the interior. In addition, this can greatly reduce the propagation of sound waves and/or suppress resonances, which can lead to a reduction in noise development during operation.

Within the scope of the invention, a sensor system for detecting imbalance, alignment errors, wear and/or increased friction can be provided. The sensor system can have at least one speed sensor and/or acceleration sensor, in particular at least one piezoelectric acceleration sensor, and/or shaft vibration sensor, with parameters preferably being measurable, in particular the rotation of the blade, the adapter device and/or the motor. Examples of this are the absolute or relatively occurring forces and their fluctuations. In this case, the sensors can be used, for example, to determine an imbalance that exceeds a specific adjustable threshold value. Furthermore, it can be provided that, for example, two shaft vibration or absolute vibration sensors are installed, preferably essentially in a perpendicular arrangement to one another. Imbalance detection can be used to ensure that there is no imbalance in service. Alternatively, the determination of the imbalance can also be used to control the operation in the event of an intentional imbalance, in particular in such a way that the intentional imbalance does not exceed a certain threshold value that could potentially lead to damage or danger and/or does not permanently fall below a desired lower threshold value . Furthermore, a temperature sensor can be provided, in particular for monitoring the temperature of the motor. In this way, if the engine overheats, a warning can be issued in good time and/or a shutdown can be effected. For example, at a temperature substantially near the engine above 90°C, the engine may be automatically shut down. In addition or as an alternative, it is conceivable that the motor switches off automatically after a predefined time, for example after 5 minutes at the latest, preferably after 3 minutes, particularly preferably after 1 minute. Provision can also be made for a method according to the invention to be pre-programmed and for the engine to be switched off after its completion. This saves energy and reduces unnecessary noise. Also conceivable is the use of a light sensor system, in particular comprising a light source and a light sensor. These can be used to achieve interior transillumination. In this case, in particular light in the visible spectrum, preferably laser light, can be used. As a result, production is particularly cost-efficient and simple, and/or simpler maintenance and functional checks can be made possible. It is also conceivable to use light outside the visible range, in particular infrared or ultraviolet light. This can prevent irritation and/or distraction of the user. Depending on the consistency of the contents of the interior, a measurement signal is generated, which allows conclusions to be drawn about the consistency. For example, it can be provided that with a composition of aqueous fluid and larger parts of the material, a measurement signal is generated which is essentially undisturbed when the fluid is transilluminated and is essentially completely interrupted when there is material between the light source and the light sensor. If, on the other hand, there is a suspension between the brew and at least one solid, an essentially constant measurement signal can be generated.

According to a second aspect of the invention, a blade for a chopper for comminuting material, in particular organic material, is provided. The knife has at least one knife wing, which can be rotated clockwise or counterclockwise (in particular when viewed from above) essentially parallel to the ground along a direction of knife rotation, the at least one knife wing having at least sections of a blade pointing in the direction of knife rotation and a back pointing counter to the direction of knife rotation.

In the simplest case, a knife can be understood as a rotary knife. It can be provided that the knife has a knife shaft. In the simplest case, this can be understood to mean a rod which can be made in particular from a precious metal, steel and/or high-grade steel. In particular, the blade shaft can serve as an axis of symmetry for a rotational movement of the blade. In this case, the end of the blade shaft facing the ground can be operatively connected to the adapter device, for example via a reversibly detachable plug connection. The cutter shaft can have at least one thickening, essentially near the end which faces the ground, on which a first disk can preferably be arranged. In addition or as an alternative, it can also be provided that the thread of the cutter shaft is continuous and a second nut holds, in particular fixes, the first disc essentially from below. This can be an advantage ten that the height at which the at least one blade blade is located relative to the ground can be varied, which preferably results in an adjustability to optimize the cutting result. For example, in the case of material with a very large particle size that is only to be comminuted slightly, the second nut can be positioned further from the ground. At least one knife wing can preferably be arranged on this first disk. A second disk can be arranged on the cutter shaft in order to fix the at least one blade wing. In this case, the first and/or second pane can, for example, comprise metal for particularly advantageous robustness or plastic, in particular Teflon, for advantageous fixation. A thread can be provided at the upper end of the blade shaft, on which a nut can be arranged in order to compress the first and/or second disk and thus to fix the at least one blade blade and to couple it non-rotatably to the blade shaft. It can be provided that the at least one blade wing has at least one latching means, in which at least one counter-latching means of the first or second disk can engage, preferably in order to achieve a particularly non-rotatable connection. The at least one latching means can be provided as a recess in which the at least one counter-latching means engages reversibly in the form of at least one projection. This achieves a particularly good torsional strength and at the same time facilitates maintenance. The first disk, the at least one blade wing, the second disk and/or the nut can have an essentially central bore, via which an arrangement on the blade shaft can preferably take place. It can also be provided that the cutter shaft and the essentially central bore engage in one another in an essentially form-fitting manner, for example by means of a rectangular, square, triangular, star-shaped or shape, which results in good rotational strength between the cutter shaft and the first disk, the at least one Knife blade, and / or the second disc is achieved. A reversible arrangement of the nut on the thread makes it possible to exchange the components arranged on the blade shaft. Thus, depending on the condition, in particular wear and tear, they can be changed and the entire blade does not have to be disposed of if, for example, the at least one blade wing is blunt.

The at least one knife wing preferably comprises a grindable, low-wear starting material such as steel, in particular stainless steel with high corrosion resistance and/or strength.

It can be advantageous for the back of the at least one blade blade to be essentially rounded, in particular to essentially prevent or minimize cavitation. In this way, the formation of bubbles can be prevented, particularly at high blade speeds.

Provision can be made for the at least one blade blade to have a thickening (for example in the form of a helix) at least in sections as an alternative or in addition to a blade, which preferably extends essentially along the vertical axis. In this case, for easier production, in particular the helix, the at least one knife wing can be twisted in itself, so that a helix is produced at least in sections, in particular due to the torsion. In this way, in addition to cutting, the knife blade can reinforce the purpose of mixing and additionally promote the generation of a desired flow. It can be provided that the blade is provided essentially in the radially outer area, while the thickening is located more in the radially inner area. In this case, the radially inner area can be understood as being essentially close to the blade shaft. It can be particularly advantageous if the at least one knife wing can be arranged close to the bottom, as a result of which material can be whirled up on the bottom of the container via the thickening. In addition, the material can thereby be pressed radially outwards, which promotes the formation of a flow, in particular a laminar flow and/or a whirlpool. In this way, the crushing can be optimized.

It can also be provided that at least one mixer is provided, which is primarily suitable for mixing the material, in particular in such a way that no cutting effect is produced. The mixer can also be uniaxial, in other words similar to a propeller, and in particular can be arranged essentially centrally on the blade shaft. Provision can also be made for the mixer to have mixer sections lying opposite one another with respect to an essentially centrally located cutter shaft, preferably in such a way that the mixer is axially symmetrical with respect to the cutter shaft (essentially like a propeller) or point-symmetrical with respect to the intersection point of the cutter shaft and the center point or Center of gravity of the mixer, preferably such that one mixer section is bent or points vertically upwards, while the opposite mixer section is bent or points downwards. A particularly advantageous mixing can thus be achieved and/or the formation of a stru be favored. It can be particularly preferred if the at least one mixer can be arranged essentially in the vicinity of the bottom in order to achieve particularly advantageous thorough mixing there by means of a rotational movement. The mixing can in particular material and / or mixture of substances, which has accumulated essentially in the vicinity of the bottom, loosened from there or pressed upwards and / or radially outwards, preferably causing a flow and / or the formation of a Strudels are favored, through which the material is repeatedly fed to the knife.

Furthermore, it is conceivable that the at least one knife blade has at least one flag on the back. In the simplest case, this can represent an extension of the material which is bent upwards, ie in particular out of the plane of the blade rotation, similar to a spoiler or a twisting of a propeller. Thus, the resulting section can be used for use similar to a mixer. This can have an advantageous effect on the formation of a vortex in the interior of the container. The at least one tab preferably extends essentially in the vicinity of the knife shaft and extends from the knife shaft along a maximum of 70% of the length of the back, preferably a maximum of 50%, particularly preferably a maximum of 30%. The angle between the plane of the knife rotation (the plane in which the knife rotates) and the at least one flag can be between 0° and 90°, preferably between 10° and 60°, particularly preferably between 20° and 45°, ideally between 30° and 40°. This can in particular at least partially result in a flow formation similar to a propeller, for example as in a ship, which in particular promotes mixing and/or the formation of a whirlpool.

A further object of the invention can be that the blade of the at least one blade wing has a blade width essentially tangential to the direction of rotation of the blade, the blade width comprising a mirror and a bevel. The bevel has a cutting bevel at least in sections. Furthermore, in particular the mirror can correspond to an essentially unmachined material, the polished section to an essentially beveled section and the cutting bevel to essentially a sharpened cutting edge. The mirror can make up between 1 and 99% of the blade width, preferably between 10 and 80%, particularly preferably between 20 and 40%, while the bevel can essentially represent the remaining blade width, with the cutting bevel between 0.1 to 20% of the blade width, preferably between 1 and 10% of the blade width, particularly preferably between 2 and 5% of the blade width. It can be provided that the bevel is executed essentially in the direction of the bottom. In other words, similar to an airfoil, a greater distance can result that the fluid flowing around covers below the blade than the distance that the fluid flowing around covers above the blade. Thus, the static pressure below the blade can be lower than above it, which can result in a suction effect that can promote the formation of a whirlpool.

Advantageously, the blade extends over a length of between 10 and 99% of the total length of the knife wing, preferably 30 to 90%, particularly preferably 50 to 70%, ideally 60 to 68%. A large length of the blade is advantageous for an increased cutting effect. A shorter length can result in simplified production and/or better mixing, in particular the rotational speed near the blade shaft can be so low that no appreciable cutting effect is achieved and thus preferably mixing is to be achieved, which is due in particular to the absence of the blade in this area can be achieved; in other words such that the blades closer to the knife shaft can be designed like a mixer.

The shape of the blade is preferably essentially straight. It can also be provided that the blade tip, ie in particular the radially outermost area of the at least one blade wing, is tapered. As a result, a particularly high rotational acceleration can be achieved and/or a particularly high maximum rotational speed. Alternatively it can be provided that the blade tip is essentially rounded. This can result in increased robustness. In addition, it can be advantageous to design the blade tip to be more massive, which preferably results in a higher angular momentum of the sections of the blade that are further outside (distant from the cutter shaft) and thus an improved cutting effect can be achieved. This can be compared to shredding by chopping, where the increased weight of the hoe can achieve an improved cutting effect compared to a lighter knife.

It can be provided that the blade has a pitch, in particular comparable to a propeller. In this context, an incline is to be understood as meaning a tilting of the blade, in particular such that the blade is rotated about an axis which is essentially perpendicular to the blade shaft is aligned. In other words, the blade can be tilted, like the blades on a fan or a propeller. This can result in a difference between the static pressure above and below the blade during rotation, which preferably promotes the formation of a whirlpool and particularly good mixing takes place. The pitch angle, which is between the plane within which the blade rotates and the direction defined by the blade width, preferably comprises a range between 0° and 50°, preferably between 1° and 20°, particularly preferably between 2° and 10°. ideally between 3° and 5°. This results in an optimized ratio of the above difference between static pressure above and below the blade and an optimized cutting effect.

A further object of the invention can be that at least two knife blades can be arranged on one another in a combinable manner in order to achieve an improved cutting effect, with a star-shaped structure being created in order to produce an improved cutting effect and flow.

It can be provided that two blade wings are included, which can be arranged essentially uniaxially. In other words, it can be a propeller-like blade with two blade wings located opposite one another. In this case, two blade wings can advantageously be manufactured inexpensively from a coherent workpiece.

Provision can also be made for four or six knife wings to be provided in order to advantageously achieve a particularly efficient cutting effect due to the increased number of blades. This essentially corresponds to a multiple (two or threefold) arrangement of two opposing blade wings. In other words, this creates a star, preferably with a uniform distribution, that is to say with essentially the same angles between the blade blades, in particular in the horizontal plane. It is also conceivable that an odd number of blade blades is included. In particular, three or five knife blades can be used. Advantageously, the blade wings can be attached to one another by plug-in connections, for example tongue and groove, in order to be arranged against rotation relative to one another. Depending on the material in question, a knife can be put together that enables optimized shredding. For example, for chopping very soft materials such as grass, multiple blades can tend to be used to achieve faster chopping. With materials that are more difficult to shred, fewer but more massive, especially heavier, blade blades can be used in order to tend to achieve a chopping effect rather than cutting. The knife preferably essentially comprises between 2 to 12, preferably 3 to 10, particularly preferably 4 to 8, ideally 5 to 7 knife blades. As a result, due to the increased number of blade blades, an optimized cutting effect can be achieved, while with a number of blade blades which essentially does not exceed 12, it is ensured that adequate mixing is still ensured in the interior of the container.

It can be provided that an inclination of the blade of at least one blade wing differs from at least an inclination of the blade of at least one other blade wing. In this case, the inclination can normally be 0° if the blade is aligned essentially along the horizontal. A change in tilt may be, for example, from 0 to 90° between horizontal and vertical, with the blade then pointing up (away from the ground, in other words). Advantageously, an inclination of between 5 and 70°, preferably between 10 and 50°, particularly preferably between 15 and 35°, is provided. It can also be provided that there is an inclination between 0 and -90° between the horizontal and the vertical, the blade then pointing downwards (in other words towards the ground). Advantageously, an inclination of between -5 and -70°, preferably between -10 and -50°, particularly preferably between -15 and -35°, is provided. A greater inclination can have the advantage of better mixing and a cutting effect in areas that would otherwise not be covered. A smaller inclination can tend to achieve a better cutting effect. It is also conceivable that the inclination of the blade of at least one knife wing is implemented only in a radially outer section of the knife wing. Thus, the length of the blade can be reduced to minimize cavitation.

It can be particularly preferred if at least two essentially opposite blade blades each have a different inclination, in particular such that one blade blade points downwards and the other blade blade points upwards. It can be advantageous if one blade has an inclination of -10° to -20° and the other blade has an inclination of 25° to 35°. This results in a particularly advantageous balance of cutting action and thorough mixing in the interior of the container.

In particular, it can be provided that the blade of each knife wing has a different Nei tion, preferably in such a way that the respective inclinations essentially cover 180° essentially evenly, which results in the advantage of an optimized cutting effect and it can be prevented that material, in particular very solid dense material, stays between two blade angles for a longer period of time without im essentially to be crushed. In the simplest case, this can be a substantially spherical piece of wood, which during operation at a certain rotational speed is caught by the knife with little or no cutting effect and, like a ball, essentially only bounces on the knife without being crushed.

It can be provided within the scope of the invention that the at least one knife wing can be arranged essentially in its center of gravity on the knife shaft, in particular to ensure a uniform rotational movement, with preferably little or no imbalance of the at least one knife wing occurring. This makes it possible to achieve particularly high blade speeds. It can also be provided that the at least one blade blade can alternatively be arranged on the blade shaft slightly offset from its center of gravity, for example through an additional hole near the center of gravity, whereby it can preferably be selected whether the at least one blade blade is located in the center of gravity or away from it the knife shaft should be arranged.

An arrangement on the blade shaft away from the center of gravity results in an imbalance of the at least one blade wing, as a result of which it can bring about optimized comminution, in particular by a chopping movement. It is also conceivable to arrange a number of blade blades differently on the blade shaft, for example in such a way that some can be arranged in their center of gravity and others essentially away from their center of gravity, with the imbalance of different blade blades preferably being able to compensate one another.

It can be provided within the scope of the invention that at least one of the following shapes is provided for the at least one blade blade.

Provision can be made for the at least one blade blade, in particular two blade blades lying opposite one another, to be configured essentially elliptically. In other words, the at least one blade blade, in particular the two blade blades located opposite one another, essentially corresponds in a plan view to the shape of an ellipse or a rectangle, in particular with rounded corners, wherein a blade can be arranged on at least one radially outer end, preferably on both ends is.

Provision can also be made for the at least one blade blade, in particular two blade blades lying opposite one another, to be of essentially oval design, preferably with ends tapering to a point. In other words, the at least one blade blade, in particular the two blade blades located opposite one another, essentially corresponds in a plan view to the shape of a sword tip or a propeller or digon, with a blade being able to be arranged on at least one radially outer end, preferably on both ends.

Alternatively or additionally, a blade can be arranged along at least one edge, preferably in such a way that the at least one knife wing is designed as a blade along all edges. In other words, the at least one knife wing can have a blade on all edges, essentially like a dagger, and thus achieve a cutting effect independently of the direction of knife rotation (i.e. clockwise or counterclockwise), in particular if the at least one knife wing is arranged on the knife shaft. This results in the advantage that the knife can be released at any time by changing the direction of rotation of the knife, for example if it should have become wedged in a piece of wood. In addition, when there is a change in the direction of rotation of the blade, the direction of rotation of the blade does not have to be changed again in order to achieve a cutting effect. Alternatively, it is conceivable to design two opposing blade wings in the shape of a double S. The demarcations of the blade wings can result in two intertwined shapes in the form of the letter "S" in plan view. This results in a particularly high stability of the blade wings. It can also be provided that two opposing blade wings form a double loop, a shape of two opposing tennis rackets, or two opposing triangles. A tennis racket can be understood to mean a shape in which a surface with larger dimensions, in particular tangential to the direction of rotation, is arranged in a top view in the radially outer area, compared to a smaller surface essentially near the blade shaft. This results in the advantage that there is more material in the radially outer area and therefore a greater mass. An increased angular momentum can thus be achieved, as a result of which improved comminution (in particular a chopping movement) can be achieved. It can be provided in each case to run the blade at least at one end in order to not have a cutting effect with the other end but primarily a diameter to achieve Furthermore, it is conceivable to provide a blade at both ends in order to optimize the cutting effect.

Provision can also be made for the at least one blade blade, in particular two blade blades lying opposite one another, to be configured essentially in the manner of a butterfly, preferably with ends tapering to a point. In other words, the at least one knife wing, in particular the two opposing knife wings, essentially corresponds to the shape of a butterfly in a top view, with one knife wing assuming an angle that differs from 180° in relation to the other knife wing, in other words the latter not directly opposite each other. An angle between the two blade wings can be between 10° and 175°, preferably between 60° and 170°, particularly preferably between 100° and 165°, ideally between 140° and 160°. This shape enables particularly efficient shredding.

Provision can also be made for the at least one knife wing to be designed to be essentially round, in particular in a plan view. This results in a particularly simple and cost-effective production. Provision can also be made for the at least one blade blade to be configured in the form of a whipped cream. This results in particularly good mixing.

It can be provided that the at least one knife wing includes an attachment. It can be provided that two pairs of two opposing blade wings are provided, which essentially result in a cross shape when viewed from above. An attachment, for example in the form of a plate, can be arranged essentially centrally on the blade wings. This results in increased stability. In addition, the flow and/or mixing can be influenced by the shape of the plate. It is therefore conceivable for the plate to be square or rectangular in shape. Thus, for example, the corners of the plate can provide additional mixing.

It can also be provided that at least two blade blades can be arranged horizontally one above the other. In other words, this results in a split knife blade. It is particularly advantageous if at least two blade wings, as described above, are opposite each other in relation to the blade shaft and, in addition, at least one blade blade is located horizontally underneath. In other words, two blade blades lying one above the other can point in one direction and two further blade blades can point essentially through 180° in the opposite radial direction. This results in a particularly efficient mixing and cutting effect. Preferably, the at least one blade blade that is essentially closer to the ground can be arranged essentially directly above the ground or close to the ground and can preferably perform a rotational movement. This can result in the advantage of an improved cutting effect, since larger and/or heavier material tends to accumulate near the ground. Additionally or alternatively, improved mixing can be achieved because material on the ground is whirled up or moved by the flow in the interior of the container in order to be subjected to comminution when the at least one blade blade is approached again. A blade can be designed at least in sections over the edge of the respective blade blade pointing in the direction of rotation.

It is conceivable that the respective blade wings essentially have a curved shape. In other words, the knife blades located further up can be bent away essentially upwards, in particular in such a way that a segment of a circle is described by their shape. Thus, the respective blade can also be bent upwards. As an alternative or in addition, it can be provided that the knife blades lying further down can be bent away essentially downwards, in particular in such a way that a segment of a circle is described by their shape. This can result in a particularly long range, in the sense that material lying further up or down can be better grasped by the blades. As a result, an improved cutting effect or faster comminution can be achieved.

It is also conceivable that the blade wings are split and have a straight shape at least in sections. Provision can be made for the blade wings, which can be arranged on the blade shaft, to run essentially perpendicularly radially outwards from the blade shaft, and run essentially straight in the vicinity of the blade shaft. In other words, the blade wings can be arranged in parallel in the central area. For example, two essentially opposite blade blades can be combined together with two blade blades lying underneath. It can be provided that in the radially outer area the blades then bend upwards or downwards, preferably in such a way that blade wings lying further up bend upwards and blade wings lying further down bend downwards. Preferably, over the entire longitudinal stretch Coverage (i.e. the radial extent) of the blade blades is essentially straight between 5% and 95% of the blade blade, preferably between 20% and 80%, particularly preferably between 30% and 70%, ideally between 40% and 60%. In this case, in the case of a radially further outward buckling, the advantage of greater stability of the blade wing and potentially reduced wear or the risk of the blade wing and/or the blade breaking can result. A bend closer to the blade shaft can offer the advantage of greater coverage, in other words, material lying further up or further down can be grasped, as a result of which improved comminution can take place. The angle at which the blades bend can be between 0° and 90°, preferably between 10° and 70°, particularly preferably between 20° and 60°, ideally between 30° and 45°. It is thus possible to achieve simple manufacturability, with additional material located at the top or bottom of the container being able to be detected, as a result of which the comminution can be optimised.

According to the invention, it can be provided to combine at least two of the above types of embodiment, in particular to supplement the respective advantages. It is conceivable to provide an essentially star-shaped arrangement of a plurality of blade wings in order to achieve an increased cutting effect. 2, 3 or 4 of the above embodiments can be combined.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, two pairs of opposing blade blades are arranged in the lowermost region substantially near the bottom, with the blade blade being split and straight at each radially outer end. At least one further pair of blade wings lying opposite one another can be arranged above this on the blade shaft, in particular in the form of a digon. It is also particularly advantageous if the knife blades each have at least one flag in the form of a digon.

According to a third aspect of the invention, a chopper system is provided comprising a container for a chopper, a base and at least one side wall that can be arranged on the base, the base and the at least one side wall delimiting an interior space for accommodating material, in particular organic material, and at least a fluid, wherein the material can be accommodated in the at least one fluid, in particular according to one of claims 1 to 6. Also included is a blade for a chopper for comminuting material, in particular organic material. The knife can have at least one knife wing, which can be rotated clockwise or counterclockwise essentially parallel to the ground, in particular in the horizontal plane along a direction of knife rotation, the at least one knife wing having at least sections of a blade pointing in the direction of knife rotation and a back pointing counter to the direction of knife rotation , In particular according to one of claims 7 to 9, wherein a flow of the material and the at least one fluid is generated by the rotation of the blade.

Within the scope of the invention, a cutting effect of the blade or of the at least one blade blade is achieved when it rotates and cuts the material with the blade. This can also be referred to as chopping or shredding. In this respect, comminution can take place when the knife rotation direction is in the direction of the blade of the at least one knife wing. This can be the case, for example, with a direction of rotation in the clockwise direction when the container or the knife is viewed from above. Provision can be made for the direction of knife rotation to be carried out in the opposite direction, at least temporarily, with no or only a negligible cutting effect being achieved. This can be advantageous if the knife should get stuck in the material and/or to achieve an additional, different type of mixing. This can also be advantageous in order to interrupt a laminar flow and convert it at least partially into a turbulent flow, with improved mixing being able to be achieved.

It can be provided that the individual components as such, as well as the shredder system as a whole, have optimized weather resistance and/or temperature resistance and/or chemical resistance, preferably to enable use and storage, in particular long-term positioning, outdoors without a roof. This makes it possible to put the shredder system into operation directly for regular operation without having to carry out a setup beforehand.

A further object of the invention can be that preferably at least one motor is provided for generating a motor rotational movement, with the motor rotating at a motor speed, with an adapter device being able to be arranged on the motor. The adapter device can essentially transfer the motor rotation movement to the at least one knife, wherein the at least one knife can be set into a knife rotation movement in the direction of knife rotation at a knife speed. In this case, the engine speed can preferably essentially correspond to the blade speed, in particular the at least one motor can be arranged essentially below the bottom of the container. The blade speed can be between 10 and 100,000 revolutions per minute, in particular between 1,000 and 60,000 revolutions per minute, preferably between 15,000 and 45,000 revolutions per minute, particularly preferably between 25,000 and 40,000 revolutions per minute, ideally between 32,500 and 37,500 revolutions per minute. This can result in particularly efficient comminution. In addition, the wear on the motor and/or blade can be kept low at these speeds. A start and/or an end to the motor rotation movement can be effected via a switch. Provision can be made for this to be able to be brought via an operating position for operating or starting the motor, which can in particular be latched, in particular in such a way that the switch can be blocked. Provision can also be made for the switch, which can be actuated in particular by hand, to be pressed during operation and for the engine to switch off automatically when the switch is not pressed. This can be achieved, for example, by the restoring force of a spring that can be arranged on the switch. It is conceivable that at least one, preferably two, wheels are located essentially on the underside of the motor for easier transport. Provision can be made for the motor to have an electric motor, which can preferably also be used outdoors, particularly when it is wet. The motor can have an output of 500 to 50,000 W, in particular 700 to 25,000 W, preferably 1,000 to 15,000 W, particularly preferably 2,000 to 10,000 W, ideally 3,000 to 6,000 W. This can result in an optimal balance of performance for optimized shredding and energy-saving power consumption.

Provision can be made for the blade speed to essentially correspond to the engine speed in the case of a direct transmission, for example in the case of a direct non-rotatable connection or when using gears of the same size for the adapter device and the blade, in particular the blade shaft. It is also conceivable that a transmission enables a modified translation, whereby the translation can be adapted to the requirements, comparable to a motor vehicle. For example, with a very soft material in the interior of the container and a very high desired blade speed, a gear ratio i<1 can be achieved, whereby the blade speed is correspondingly greater than the engine speed. Alternatively, a gear ratio i > 1 can be selected in order to achieve a blade speed that is lower than the engine speed. This has the advantage of a larger transmitted torque, which is preferably applicable to material that is difficult to shred. The use of a three-stage transmission is particularly preferred in order to cover the necessary speed range and the necessary torque range as uniformly as possible.

In this case, the engine can preferably have a control unit, via which the engine speed can be regulated and/or controlled. In particular, it can be advantageous if the motor speed can be controlled externally by the user, for example via a speed controller. Provision can also be made for the engine speed to be controlled via a predefined program. For this purpose, either pre-stored programs can be retrieved from a storage medium and then executed. It is additionally or alternatively conceivable for the user to record the execution of the comminution. To do this, the beginning of the recording can be recorded via a console for entering commands. The user can then set the engine speed manually using the speed controller, for example by first setting an engine speed of 4,000 rpm for 2 minutes and then setting an engine speed of 10,000 rpm for 3 minutes. The recording is then ended and stored as a program on a storage medium. This program can then be called up again and again, giving the user the option of using a corresponding program depending on the material inside the container.

Provision can be made for the motor to have at least one fixing device essentially below the motor, in particular between the motor and the support surface located underneath or another preferably fixed support. The at least one fixing device preferably includes rubber feet, a clamping device, a screw clamp for attachment in particular to a plate, and/or a spreading device for clamping the motor in an opening. It can thus be ensured that the motor can be arranged securely and firmly on the support surface located underneath or another preferably fixed support, and preferably the motor and/or the container cannot tip over even in the event of an imbalance.

A further object of the invention can be that, through the combination of the container and the knife, the material in the container essentially rotates at a material speed, the material speed preferably being lower is than the blade speed to provide improved shredding of the material.

Due to the comparatively greater mass inertia of the material and the at least one fluid, the blade may rotate faster than the material and the at least one fluid. This can be the case, in particular, when the knife starts to run. This can also be the case at very high blade speeds. In particular, a cutting action of the knife preferably occurs when there is a difference between the speed of the material and the speed of the knife. In particular, the cutting effect is greatest when there is a particularly large difference. The flow in the interior of the container can be influenced by the geometry and/or shape of the container and/or the at least one side wall. In addition, the flow can be influenced by the blade speed, for example the material speed is also higher at higher blade speeds.

By varying the blade speed, the material speed can also be varied, which advantageously leads to improved mixing.

1. a) Zumindest teilweises Befüllen des Innenraums des Behälters mit zumindest einem Fluid, insbesondere Wasser
2. b) Zumindest teilweises Befüllen des Innenraums des Behälters mit Material, insbesondere organischem Material, und anschließendem Verschluss durch einen Deckel
3. c) Zerkleinern und Suden des Materials durch eine Messerrotationsbewegung des Messers, wodurch das Material zerkleinert wird und anschließend vorzugsweise im Wesentlichen in einem Stoffgemisch vorliegt, welches insbesondere heterogen ist und einen Sud sowie zumindest einen Feststoff umfasst.

According to a fourth aspect of the invention, a method for producing a substance mixture is provided using a container according to one of claims 1 to 6 and a knife according to one of claims 7 to 9. At least the following steps are carried out:

1. a) At least partial filling of the interior of the container with at least one fluid, in particular water
2. b) At least partial filling of the interior of the container with material, in particular organic material, and subsequent closure with a lid
3. c) Crushing and brewing of the material by rotating the blade of the blade, whereby the material is comminuted and then preferably essentially present in a mixture of substances, which is in particular heterogeneous and comprises a brew and at least one solid.

In other words, the process allows the starting materials (fluid, material) to be converted essentially continuously into a product (mixture of substances) by comminution and brewing. The transition can therefore be fluid. The mixture of substances can include a sud and at least one solid. It can be provided that the brew is essentially in liquid form, in particular the majority (e.g. more than 80%) of the liquid fraction, in particular the water, and the at least one solid is essentially in solid form and the remaining portion of the liquid portion, in particular the water includes. It can be provided that more than 70%, preferably more than 85%, preferably more than 90%, particularly preferably more than 95% of the total water content is comprised by the brew. Provision can be made for the brew and the at least one solid to mix at least partially to form a solution or dispersion, in particular a paste in which the liquid and solid phases cannot be separated directly. Provision can also be made for this solution or dispersion to separate out a decoction after some time or for sedimentation to take place, as a result of which the decoction separates from the solution or dispersion. Furthermore, it is conceivable that the brew is separated from the at least one solid by sieving. A separate use, in particular an application for the purpose of fertilizing the brew, can thus be made possible.

By crushing the material, in particular the biological material, the nutrients contained in the material can be released at least partially. The nutrients can then be at least partially included in the brew and/or the at least one solid. Thus, both the brew and the at least one solid can be used to fertilize plants, in particular an improved supply of nutrients is possible than if the material, in particular the biological material and/or the fluid itself, were used for fertilization. In other words, at least nutrients can be released from the material by the method. The brew can have nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in particular.

The ratios of the nutrients in the resulting mixture of substances are preferably such that plants to be fertilized can be optimally supplied with nutrients. This can mean that the nutrients are present in a ratio and/or in a concentration as they are present in the plants themselves and can preferably be analyzed biochemically. This can mean that the nutrients are present in the material, in particular biological material, and are preferably released by the method in order then ideally to be able to be present in the resulting mixture of substances. This can mean, for example, that dahlias are used as the material and are mixed with water as the fluid in order to then use the resulting mixture of substances to fertilize dahlias, in particular to prevent over-fertilization. It can also be provided that a material is selected which is particularly suitable for a specific plant to be fertilized has a specific and optimized concentration and ratios of nutrients. It can be provided that the ratios for macronutrients (main nutrients) and micronutrients (trace nutrients) are essentially the same in the material on the one hand and in the plant to be fertilized on the other hand. This can also apply to trace elements such as zinc, molybdenum, sodium, manganese, sulphur, chlorine, iron, fluorite, copper, boron etc. Advantageously, using the brew and the at least one solid for fertilizing cannot lead to over-fertilization, since there is no increased concentration of nutrients as in artificial fertilizer. In this way, the groundwater can also be protected. It is also conceivable that the material has a high proportion of lignin-containing substances (e.g. wood) in order to achieve a high concentration of carbon in the brew and/or the at least one solid through the process. It is thus advantageously possible to exert a controlling influence on the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the ecological system during application, in particular in such a way that carbon enrichment or nitrogen enrichment is promoted. It is also conceivable that the material has a high proportion of nitrogen-rich substances (e.g. wood) in order to achieve a high concentration of nitrogen in the brew and/or the at least one solid through the process.

In the context of the present invention, brews can be understood in the simplest case as meaning that after the comminution, there is a waiting period before the brew and/or the at least one solid is used further or processed. It is also conceivable that no brewing takes place, but rather a direct application in an ecological system, in particular in order to directly enable repeated use of the method. Provision can also be made for temperature control via a thermocouple to be provided during the brewing process. During the brewing process, it can be provided that comminution is carried out in parallel, in particular by the knife being set into knife rotation movement in or against the direction of knife rotation. In the event of a blade movement counter to the direction of blade rotation, preferably no comminution is achieved, but in particular only thorough mixing, in other words, whirling.

The consistency of the brew and the at least one solid, in particular after the comminution and brewing, can essentially be predetermined by the blade speed and the selected duty cycle of the motor. In addition, there may be a dependency on the material, for example very thick branches are more difficult to shred than grass. In the simplest case, the switch-on time can correspond to the period of time within which the motor is switched on and a knife rotation movement is preferably completed. The duty cycle can be a period of time during which the engine speed is essentially constant. Provision can be made for the engine speed to be increased to a predetermined value, for example 10,000 revolutions per minute, for example by means of an acceleration period, which in particular includes a period during which the engine speed is constantly increased. Provision can also be made not to increase the engine speed constantly during the acceleration period, but rather abruptly in order to generate turbulence in the interior of the container, in particular for improved mixing. Provision can also be made to increase the engine speed essentially quadratically or exponentially in order to initially cause a gentle increase in the engine speed and towards the end of the acceleration period a more rapid increase in the engine speed. This can have a reducing effect on the, at least perceived, noise generation which the user perceives. The engine speed can then be kept essentially constant, for example 10,000 revolutions per minute, within a duty cycle, for example 10 seconds. Furthermore, following the switch-on period, the engine speed can be reduced, in particular constantly, within a delay period, preferably until the engine speed is equal to 0 and the engine is therefore at a standstill. The particle size and/or the water content of the at least one solid can be reduced more and more with increasing engine speed and/or duty cycle, in particular due to the comminution by the at least one blade. This can be further accelerated if a whirlpool forms within the interior of the container, as a result of which the material is preferably repeatedly fed to the knife and fed as frequently as possible for comminution within a fixed time interval. It can be advantageous here if, after an acceleration period, a switch-on period and a deceleration period, an interval sequence (see below) is carried out, in particular such that a pause is inserted and the method is then repeated. It can also be provided that after an acceleration period and a switch-on period, at least one further acceleration period is provided and at least one further switch-on period is provided. In other words, the engine speed can be further increased. This can be advantageous if initially the particle size is comparatively large and a high engine speed cannot be achieved. However, as the particle size decreases substantially, a higher engine speed can then be used to achieve even faster comminution. Included the same increase per time interval in engine speed may be used during the at least one further acceleration period, or a different one. In particular, it can be advantageous to achieve the increase to the predetermined engine speed as quickly as possible. Provision can also be made for the motor speed to be substantially higher during the at least one further switch-on period than during the first switch-on period completed, preferably by a factor of at least 2, preferably by a factor of at least 3, particularly preferably by a factor of at least 4. ideally by a factor of at least 5.

Saturation can occur during the comminution, which means that the average particle size decreases very rapidly at the beginning of the process, but progresses less and less rapidly as the duty cycle increases. The particle size of the at least one solid can be from 1 μm to 2 cm, preferably from 10 μm to 10 mm, particularly preferably from 100 μm to 1 mm, after the process has ended. Particle size can be understood to mean the maximum extent of a material and/or solid in any spatial direction, in other words the maximum dimensions. After the application described below, the at least one solid can penetrate directly to a certain depth due to its particle size, for example a particle size of less than 1 mm is suitable in a meadow, directly on the plants (e.g. leaves, stalks, blades of grass) over to get on the ground. With an even smaller particle size, further penetration into the underlying soil is increasingly possible, while the at least one solid with a larger particle size tends to remain on the surface. This results in a particularly efficient fertilization of the roots lying in the ground, which can absorb the nutrients. The penetration into deeper layers can be intensified by a larger volume or by a larger proportion of brew, that is to say in particular of liquid proportions. It is also conceivable to additionally mix the brew or the at least one solid with water in order to achieve an application. It can also be provided that a smaller particle size is selected, for example by means of a longer duty cycle and/or a particularly high motor speed of, for example, 40,000 revolutions per minute, in order to at least partially achieve faster application due to the increased surface area essentially associated with the smaller particle size to allow composting. Composting the at least one solid can release additional and/or other nutrients that achieve an additional fertilizing effect. As an explanation, for example, a branch as such can only be suitable as a fertilizer because of its lengthy composting, while the same branch achieves a fertilizer effect much more quickly after crushing according to the method according to the invention, especially since the very small particle size after the method results in an increased surface area and /or an application over a larger area can be made possible. Improved fertilization can thus be achieved in comparison to, for example, a dry chopper, which in particular only produces very coarse particles. In addition, conventional dry shredders tend to only be able to shred dry material, while materials with a high water content (e.g. greater than 50%) are difficult to process. However, as described above, it is precisely the liquid portion that can be used for improved application and/or improved penetration into the soil.

A further object of the method can be that in step a) the interior of the container is at least partially filled up to a filling level, with filling preferably taking place at least up to a minimum filling level at which the knife is completely surrounded by the at least one fluid , wherein preferably at least the at least one blade blade is surrounded by the at least one fluid. For example, with a blade height of 5 cm measured from the ground, the minimum fill level can be 8 cm, so that the blade is preferably covered with fluid even if there is a rotational movement and/or a whirlpool is formed. As a result, an easier start-up and/or the formation of a flow and/or a whirlpool can be brought about, which is made possible in particular due to the fluid and/or a high proportion of water.

It is particularly advantageous if the at least one fluid already completely covers the blade after the interior of the container has been at least partially filled with fluid and/or material. This makes it easier for the knife to start up. Furthermore, a particularly reliable shredding of the entire material can be achieved and the knife is prevented from “running empty” below the material, in other words, no cutting effect is achieved.

Another object of the method can be that the interior of the container is at least partially filled with material, in particular organic material, in such a way that the density of the material is essentially 100 to 1,200 kg/m ³ , preferably 300 to 900 kg/m ³ , particularly preferably 500 to 800 kg/m ³ , ideally 250 to 400 kg/m ³ .

It can be provided that the density of the material results essentially from a mean value, with components having a greater density (such as wet grass) and components having a lower density (e.g. dry twigs) being included in particular. In particular, the interior of the container can be at least partially filled in such a way that the material is loosely layered.

A further object of the method can be that the method can essentially be carried out aerobically. It can be provided that essentially no climate-damaging substances, for example gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide or methane, are formed and/or escape. This results in particularly good environmental friendliness. This can be ensured in particular by the fact that the method can be carried out in less than 5 hours, preferably in less than 1 hour, particularly preferably in less than 10 minutes, ideally in less than 2 minutes. In other words, the at least one material and the at least one fluid can be processed directly. The mixture of substances can then be distributed directly by application.

A further object of the method can be that in step b) the interior of the container is at least partially filled with at least one additive, the at least one additive preferably comprising a fertilizer.

In this case, the at least one additive can preferably comprise a fertilizer which has a naturally produced fertilizer and/or an artificial fertilizer. In this way, the fertilizing effect can be increased, for example if a particularly strong leaching of nutrients from the soil has been determined.

A further object of the method can be that step c) is carried out at least twice, with at least one interruption of the comminution and brewing being inserted, with the material and the at least one fluid being essentially at rest during the interruption. For example, step c) can be carried out twice, with an interruption preferably being carried out after the first run, before in particular step c) is carried out a second time.

In other words, a break can thus be taken. Provision can be made for further nutrients to be released as a result of osmosis and/or cell autolysis and/or for the nutrient composition to change. Provision can also be made for the interruption to be carried out for so long that at least part of the composting begins, which otherwise only begins after the application. It can be advantageous that during the at least one interruption, the temperature is controlled by a thermocouple, preferably in order to additionally promote an additional release of nutrients.

A further object of the method can be that step c) is followed by a further step d), step d) comprising the application of the mixture of substances. The application can preferably be separated into a brew and include the at least one solid in an organic system, preferably by superficial application and/or lifting. In this context, lifting in can in particular be understood to mean raking in with a tool such as a rake, with the solid and/or the brew being worked into the soil in particular. It can be provided that first a superficial application is carried out, then a certain time of 1 to 30 days, preferably 2 to 20 days, particularly preferably 3 to 14 days, ideally 4 to 10 days, is waited before then preferably a Folding done. At least partial composting can thus take place during the certain period of time, as a result of which further nutrients in particular can be released.

An organic system can be understood as meaning a garden, planted soil of any kind, a plant pot, a bed, useful plants or ornamental plants.

After application, it can be provided that composting begins at least partially. This allows more nutrients to be released. Due to the increased surface area by crushing, spreading over a larger area and/or the south, fertilization is optimized by the released nutrients.

Provision can be made for waiting between 3 and 10 days, preferably between 5 and 7 days, before application. As a result, further minerals are released from the solid components by osmosis and/or cell autolysis and are transferred to the brew, resulting in a particularly good fertilizing effect and/or a uniform distribution between the brew and the at least one solid. Due to the short composting compared to other processes, there is hardly any odor which attracts vermin.

After application, subsequent additional watering can be provided. This can have the advantage that nutrients can penetrate deeper into the organic system.

The spreading can lead to a reduction in the use of other fertilizers. Thus, costs can be saved and the environment can be protected through reduced production, transport and/or storage costs. Furthermore, the development of odors can be prevented or at least greatly reduced, in particular by sap formation, since composting does not take place or takes place only to a very small extent, in particular with an enlarged surface and better oxygen supply. In addition, composting can be carried out using little energy, especially if full cost accounting is carried out.

Further features and details of the invention result from the dependent claims, the description and the drawings. Features and details that are described in connection with the container according to the invention also apply, of course, in connection with the knife, system and/or method according to the invention and vice versa, so that the disclosure of the individual aspects of the invention is or are always referred to mutually can.

• 1 Ein Häckslersystem umfassend einen Häcksler mit einem Behälter und einem Motor sowie einem Messer.
• 2 Unterschiedliche Messerflügel für ein erfindungsgemäßes Messer.
• 3 Einzelne Schritte des Verfahrens.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention result from the following description, in which possible exemplary embodiments of the invention are described in detail with reference to the drawings. The features mentioned in the claims and in the description can each be essential to the invention individually or in any combination. It should be noted that the figures are only descriptive and are not intended to limit the invention in any way. They show schematically:

• 1 A shredder system comprising a shredder with a hopper and a motor and a blade.
• 2 Different knife wings for a knife according to the invention.
• 3 Individual steps of the procedure.

1 shows a shredder system 3 comprising a container 1, a knife 2 and a motor 30, which are positioned in particular on a supporting surface 100 underneath. The container 1 can be designed with a bottom 10 and at least one side wall 11 . The interior 12 of the container 1 can be closed by a cover 15, the cover preferably having a latching element 16 which can be engaged in particular with a counter-latching element 17 which can be arranged on the at least one side wall 11.

The interior 12 of the container 1 comprises material 13 which is preferably comminuted by the blade 2 . The knife 2 is completely covered by a fluid 14, in particular since the filling level 19 of the fluid extends further upwards than the knife 2, essentially perpendicular to the bearing surface within the interior space 12. It is thus possible to ensure that the knife 2 starts up more easily.

As in 1 is shown, a drive opening 18 can be provided in the base, in particular centrally, through which an adapter device 31 coupled to the motor 30 can transmit a motor rotation to the blade. The adapter device 31 can be coupled to a blade shaft 21, in particular at its upper end, so that the blade 2, which is preferably non-rotatably connected to the blade shaft 21, can be set into a rotary blade movement by the motor 30, in particular in a movement essentially perpendicular to the blade shaft 21 oriented level.

The knife shaft 21 can have a thickening 22 on which a first disk 23, at least one overlying blade 20 and a second disk 24 overlying can be arranged. A nut 26 can be arranged through a thread 25 preferably located at the upper end of the cutter shaft 21, preferably in order to achieve a force and/or form-fitting fixation of the components lying underneath. The at least one blade wing 20 can thus be coupled to the blade shaft 21 in a torque-proof manner between the first disk 23 and the second disk 24 .

Provision can be made for the first disk 23 and/or the second disk 24 to have at least one counter-locking means 28, which preferably faces the at least one blade wing 20 in order to engage in a corresponding counter-locking means 27 in the at least one blade wing 20 be, in order to advantageously achieve a particularly stable non-rotatable and / or reversible connection.

It is also conceivable that the thread 25 essentially covers the entire blade shaft 21, as a result of which the first washer 23 can preferably be arranged over a second nut lying underneath. It can be provided that the thickening 22 is not provided accordingly or that it is arranged even further down in the direction of the base 10 in order to preferably ensure a maximum permissible lower positioning of the at least one blade wing 20 .

2 shows a few possible exemplary embodiments for the at least one knife blade 20. Two knife blades 20 are shown for each exemplary embodiment. The cutter shaft 21 is shown essentially in a plan view and extends in particular perpendicularly to the plane of the drawing. A blade is indicated at the left end. The exemplary embodiments 201 to 209 are axially symmetrical with respect to an axis of symmetry extending through the respective cutter shaft 21 . Provision can be made for the blade wing lying to the left of the axis of symmetry to be configured differently in comparison to the blade wing lying on the right, as exemplary embodiment 210 in particular shows. A blade can be configured at least in sections on the radially outer end of the blade blade. Alternatively or additionally, the blade can also be designed along an edge, preferably in the direction of rotation, as exemplary embodiment 203 in particular shows.

3 shows possible embodiments for a split design. Four knife wings are shown in a side view, in particular in such a way that the knife shaft 21 serves as an axis of symmetry. The point of intersection of the knife shaft 21 with the knife wings serves as a point of symmetry, with respect to which the four knife wings are point-symmetrical. The blade wings can lie on top of each other and, in particular with regard to the blade shaft 21, opposite each other. Exemplary embodiment 301 shows split blade blades in a round shape, with the blade blade being bent upwards or downwards, in particular from the point at which the upper and lower blade blades diverge. Alternatively, at least one of the blade wings can also snap straight off. In particular, embodiment 302 shows four symmetrical knife blades, all of which bend straight.

4 shows one way to carry out the method according to the invention. Step a) is carried out at 401, it being possible for the interior of the container to be at least partially filled with at least one fluid, in particular water. Furthermore, step b) can be carried out at 402, with the interior of the container being at least partially filled with material, in particular organic material, and then being closed by a lid. Finally, step c) can be carried out at 403, in which case the material is comminuted and brewed by means of a blade rotation movement of the blade, as a result of which the material is comminuted and is then preferably essentially present in a mixture of substances, which is in particular heterogeneous and comprises a brew and at least one solid includes.

Some exemplary embodiments for the use of a method according to the invention are described below. A knife with, in particular, six knife wings can be used, with four knife wings preferably being used as in 3 shown are designed according to the embodiment 302, and in particular two further knife blades on the knife shaft lying above them as in 2 are designed according to embodiment 203. Preferably, the two blade wings include a flag as described above.

It can be provided that, according to step a), a fluid, in particular water, is filled in up to a level covering the blade. Subsequently, according to step b), material, for example woody green and dry twigs with an average diameter of 20 mm and a maximum length of 30 cm, can be placed as material in the interior of the container and the lid can be closed. Thereupon, according to step c), the material can be comminuted and brewed by means of a blade rotation movement of the blade, with the comminution being carried out for 2 minutes at a speed of 1,000 to 10,000 revolutions per minute. A flow and/or a whirlpool can form at least partially, which preferably accelerates or optimizes the comminution. Crushing and brewing can then be carried out again according to step c) at a speed of 10,000 to 35,000 revolutions per minute for 2 minutes. This can create a current and/or a whirlpool. At the end, the substance mixture essentially comprises at least one solid, in particular wood or chopped twigs, with a particle size of 2 to 3 mm, and a brew. The mixture of substances can be heterogeneous and the at least one solid can be separated from the brew by a spout sieve in a spout of the container.

It can be provided that, according to step a), a fluid, in particular water, is filled in up to a level covering the blade. Then, according to step b), material, for example green twigs with an average diameter of 4 mm and a maximum length of 40 cm, can be placed as material in the interior of the container and the lid can be closed. In this case, in particular, the material is also completely covered by the fluid. Then, according to step c), the material can be comminuted and brewed by rotating the blade with a knife, with the comminution being carried out at a speed of 1,000 to 5,000 revolutions per minute for 30 seconds. A flow and/or a whirlpool can form at least partially, which preferably Shredding accelerated or optimized. Crushing and brewing can then be carried out again according to step c) at a speed of 5,000 to 20,000 revolutions per minute for 3 minutes. This can create a current and/or a whirlpool. At the end, the mixture of substances essentially comprises wood or chopped twigs with a particle size of essentially less than 1 mm and a brew. The mixture of substances can be heterogeneous and the at least one solid can be separated from the brew by a spout sieve in a spout of the container.

It can be provided that, according to step a), a fluid, in particular water, is filled in up to a level covering the blade. Subsequently, according to step b), material, for example rhododendrons, hydrangeas, their leaves, withered blossoms and stems, can be added as material to the interior of the container and the lid can be closed. In this case, in particular, the material is also at least partially covered by the fluid. Then, according to step c), the material can be comminuted and brewed by rotating the blade with a knife, with the comminution being carried out at a speed of 1,000 to 5,000 revolutions per minute for 30 seconds. A flow and/or a whirlpool can form at least partially, which preferably accelerates or optimizes the comminution. Chopping and brewing can then be carried out again according to step c) at a speed of 35,000 revolutions per minute for a duty cycle of 2 to 3 minutes. This creates a current and/or a whirlpool. At the end, the substance mixture essentially comprises at least one solid with a particle size of essentially less than 1 mm and a sud. The mixture of substances can be heterogeneous and the at least one solid can be separated from the brew by a spout sieve in a spout of the container.

It can be provided that, according to step a), a fluid, in particular water, is filled in up to a level covering the blade. According to step b), material, for example peels of potatoes, apples, pears, eggs, tangerines, carrots, can then be placed as material in the interior of the container and the lid can be closed.

In this case, in particular, the material can also be at least partially covered by the fluid. Then, according to step c), the material can be comminuted and brewed by rotating the knife, with the comminution being carried out at a minimum speed of 5,000 revolutions per minute for 30 seconds, resulting in a particle size of up to 3 mm. A flow and/or a whirlpool can form at least partially, which preferably accelerates or optimizes the comminution. Chopping and brewing can then be carried out again according to step c) at a speed of 10,000 to 35,000 revolutions per minute for a duty cycle of 1 minute. This creates a current and/or a whirlpool. At the end, the substance mixture essentially comprises at least one solid with a particle size of essentially less than 1 mm and a sud. The mixture of substances can have a comparatively fine consistency, similar to applesauce. The at least one solid can be separated from the brew by a spout sieve in a spout of the container.

It can be provided that, according to step a), a fluid, in particular water, is filled in up to a level covering the blade. Subsequently, according to step b), material, for example firmer peels such as oranges, bananas, lemons and/or grapefruit, can be placed as material in the interior of the container and the lid can be closed. In this case, in particular, the material can also be completely covered by the fluid. Then, according to step c), the material can be comminuted and brewed by means of a knife rotation movement of the knife, with the comminution being carried out at a speed of up to 5,000 revolutions per minute with a duty cycle of 30 seconds, resulting in a particle size of up to 3 mm. A flow and/or a whirlpool can form at least partially, which preferably accelerates or optimizes the comminution. Chopping and brewing can then be carried out again according to step c) at a speed of 10,000 to 35,000 revolutions per minute for a duty cycle of 1 minute. This creates a current and/or a whirlpool. At the end, the substance mixture essentially comprises at least one solid with a particle size of essentially less than 1 mm and a sud. The at least one solid can be separated from the brew by a spout sieve in a spout of the container.

It can be provided that, according to step a), a fluid, in particular water, is filled in up to a level covering the blade. According to step b), material, for example thuja twigs with a diameter of up to 4 mm and preferably a maximum length of 40 cm, can then be placed as material in the interior of the container and the lid can be closed. In this case, in particular, the material can also be completely covered by the fluid. Thereupon, according to step c), the material can be comminuted and brewed by means of a knife rotation movement of the knife, with the crushing being carried out at a speed of 1,000 to 10,000 revolutions per minute with a duty cycle of 1 minute, resulting in a particle size of up to 4 mm. A flow and/or a whirlpool can form at least partially, which preferably accelerates or optimizes the comminution. Chopping and brewing can then be carried out again according to step c) at a speed of 10,000 to 20,000 revolutions per minute for a duty cycle of 3 minutes. This creates a current and/or a whirlpool. At the end, the substance mixture essentially comprises at least one solid with a particle size of essentially 1 to 2 mm and a sud. The at least one solid can be separated from the brew by a spout sieve in a spout of the container.

It can be provided that, according to step a), a fluid, in particular water, is filled in up to a level covering the blade. Subsequently, according to step b), material, for example red clover, goutweed, stinging donkey, dandelion, thistle and/or wild wine, can be added as material to the interior of the container and the lid can be closed. In this case, in particular, the material can also be completely covered by the fluid. Then, according to step c), the material can be comminuted and brewed by means of a blade rotation movement of the blade, with the comminution being carried out at a speed of 1,000 to 10,000 revolutions per minute with an operating time of 1 minute, resulting in an average particle size of 3 mm. A flow and/or a whirlpool can form at least partially, which preferably accelerates or optimizes the comminution. Chopping and brewing can then be carried out again according to step c) at a speed of 35,000 revolutions per minute for a duty cycle of 2 minutes. This creates a current and/or a whirlpool. At the end, the substance mixture essentially comprises at least one solid with an average particle size of 1 mm and a brew. The at least one solid can be separated from the brew by a spout sieve in a spout of the container.

It can be provided that step a) is not carried out and in particular no fluid is filled in. Subsequently, according to step b), material, for example tomatoes, apples, pears, blossoms and/or nettles, can be added as material to the interior of the container and the lid can be closed. Then, according to step c), the material can be comminuted and brewed by means of a blade rotation movement of the blade, with the comminution being carried out at a speed of 1,000 to 10,000 revolutions per minute with an operating time of 1 minute, resulting in an average particle size of 1 mm. A flow and/or a whirlpool can form at least partially, which preferably accelerates or optimizes the comminution, in particular due to water released from the material due to the progressive comminution. Chopping and brewing can then be carried out again according to step c) at a speed of 10,000 to 35,000 revolutions per minute for a duty cycle of 2 minutes. A current and/or a whirlpool can set in. At the end, the substance mixture essentially comprises at least one solid with a particle size of up to 1 mm and a sud. The at least one solid can be separated from the brew by a spout sieve in a spout of the container.

The above explanation of the embodiments describes the present invention exclusively in the context of examples. It goes without saying that individual features of the embodiments can be freely combined with one another, insofar as this makes technical sense, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Reference List

1

container

10

floor

11

Side wall

12

inner space

13

material

14

Fluid

15

lid

16

locking element

17

counter-locking element

18

drive opening

19

level

2

knife

20

knife blade

21

knife shaft

22

thickening

23

first slice

24

second disc

25

thread

26

mother

27

locking means

28

counter-locking means

3

chopper system

30

engine

31

adapter device

100

bearing surface

201

Knife blade example

202

Knife blade example

203

Knife blade example

204

Knife blade example

205

Knife blade example

206

Knife blade example

207

Knife blade example

208

Knife blade example

209

Knife blade example

301

Knife blade example

302

Knife blade example

401

process step

402

process step

403

process step

Claims (19)

Container (1) for a chopper comprising a base (10) and at least one side wall (11) that can be arranged on the base (10), the base (10) and the at least one side wall (11) delimiting an interior space (12) for receiving of material (13), in particular organic material, and at least one fluid (14), the material (13) being receivable in the at least one fluid (14). Container (1) for a chopper claim 1 , characterized in that the container (1) comprises a lid (15) through which the interior of the container (1) can be closed, preferably closed in a material-tight manner, the lid (15) preferably having at least one latching element along its edge essentially on the outside (16) which can be brought into engagement with at least one counter-locking element (17) essentially at the upper end of the at least one side wall (11) of the container (1). Container (1) for a chopper claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that a total of four side walls (11) are included, which form an essentially rectangular cross-section in that adjacent side walls (11) can be arranged essentially at right angles to one another, with at least one corner of the cross-section preferably having a rounded configuration so that in the interior (12 ) to produce a flow which is preferably substantially laminar in at least one steady state. Container (1) for a chopper claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the at least one side wall (11) of the container (1) is at least partially designed to be essentially round, in particular to generate a flow which is essentially laminar in at least one stationary state, or the at least one side wall (11) of the container (1) essentially has an elliptical shape, with a first semi-axis of the ellipse being 1 to 100% longer than a second semi-axis of the ellipse, preferably 3 to 40%, particularly preferably 5 to 25%, ideally essentially along the at least one side wall (11) to generate different flow velocities of the material and the at least one fluid and thus to generate a flow which is essentially laminar in at least one stationary state. Container (1) for a shredder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a surface of the at least one side wall (11) facing the interior (12) has a surface structure, preferably in that the surface structure has at least one bulge, which in particular increases accumulation deflects material close to the at least one side wall (11) in the direction of the axis of rotation, whereby the flow within the container (1) is improved in such a way that an increased accumulation of material close to the side wall (11) can essentially be prevented. Container (1) for a shredder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one drive opening (18) is provided in the bottom (10) of the container (1) for at least partially passing through an adapter device (31) which is essentially below the base (10) of the container (1) at least partially into the interior (12) of the container (1), knives (2) being able to be arranged on the adapter device (31), the adapter device (31) requiring a motor rotation of an im Motor (30) that can be arranged essentially below the floor (10) through the adapter device (31) to the at least one knife (2), in particular the drive opening (18) being able to be arranged essentially centrally in the floor (10). Knife (2) for a chopper for comminuting material (13), in particular organic material, characterized in that the knife (2) has at least one knife wing (20) which can be rotated clockwise or counterclockwise essentially parallel to the ground along a direction of knife rotation, the at least one knife wing (20) having at least sections of a blade pointing in the direction of knife rotation and a back pointing counter to the direction of knife rotation. According to knife (2) for a chopper claim 7 , characterized in that the blade of the at least one blade wing (20) has a blade width essentially tangential to the direction of rotation of the blade, the blade width comprising a mirror and a bevel, the bevel comprising a cutting bevel at least in sections, the mirror preferably having a substantially unmachined blade Material, the polished section corresponds essentially to a beveled section and the cutting bevel essentially corresponds to a sharpened cutting edge, with the mirror having a proportion of between 1 and 99%, preferably between 10 and 80%, particularly preferably between 20 and 40%, with regard to the blade width, while the connection essentially occupies the remaining blade width, the cutting bevel having between 0.1 and 20% of the blade width, preferably between 1 and 10% of the blade width, particularly preferably between 2 and 5% of the blade width. Knife (2) for a chopper according to one of Claims 7 or 8th , characterized in that at least two knife blades (20) can be combined and arranged one on top of the other in order to achieve an improved cutting effect, with a star-shaped structure being created in order to produce an improved cutting effect and flow. Chopper system (3) comprising a container (1) for a chopper, a base (10) and at least one side wall (11) that can be arranged on the base (10), the base (10) and the at least one side wall (11) having an interior space (12) delimit for receiving material (13), in particular organic material, and at least one fluid (14), wherein the material (13) can be received in the at least one fluid (14), in particular according to one of Claims 1 until 6 and a blade (2) for a chopper for comminuting material (13), in particular organic material, characterized in that the blade (2) has at least one blade blade (20) which is essentially parallel to the ground along a blade rotation direction clockwise or counterclockwise is rotatable, wherein the at least one knife wing (20) has at least in sections a blade pointing in the direction of knife rotation and a back pointing counter to the direction of knife rotation, in particular according to one of Claims 7 until 9 , A flow of the material (13) and the at least one fluid (14) being generated by the rotation of the blade (2). Chopper system (3) according to claim 10 , characterized in that preferably at least one motor (30) for generating a motor rotation movement, wherein the motor (30) rotates at a motor speed, wherein an adapter device (31) can be arranged on the motor (30), the adapter device (31) the rotary motor movement is essentially transmitted to the at least one blade (2), the at least one blade (2) being able to be set into a rotary blade movement in the direction of blade rotation at a blade speed, the motor speed preferably corresponding essentially to the blade speed, the at least one motor in particular (30) can be arranged essentially below the bottom (10) of the container (1). Chopper system (3) according to claim 10 or 11 , characterized in that the combination of the container (1) and the blade (2) rotates the material (13) in the container (1) substantially at a material speed, wherein the material speed is preferably less than the blade speed to a to achieve improved crushing of the material (13). Method for producing a mixture of substances using a container (1) according to one of Claims 1 until 6 and a knife (2) according to any one of Claims 7 until 9 , characterized in that at least the following steps are carried out: a) at least partial filling of the interior (12) of the container (1) with at least one fluid (14), in particular water b) at least partial filling of the interior (12) of the container ( 1) with material (13), in particular organic material, and subsequent closure with a lid c) comminution and brewing of the material (13) by a rotary knife movement of the knife (2), whereby the material (13) is comminuted and then preferably substantially is present in a mixture of substances which is in particular heterogeneous and comprises a brew and at least one solid. Process for the preparation of a mixture of substances according to Claim 13 , characterized in that in step a) an at least partial The interior (12) of the container (1) is filled up to a filling level (19), filling preferably taking place at least up to a minimum filling level at which the knife (2) is completely surrounded by the at least one fluid (14), whereby an easier start-up and/or the formation of a flow and/or a whirlpool is effected. Process for the preparation of a mixture of substances according to Claim 13 or 14 , characterized in that the interior (12) of the container (1) is at least partially filled with material (13), in particular organic material, in such a way that the density of the material (13) is essentially 100 to 1,200 kg/m ³ , preferably 300 to 900 kg/m ³ , more preferably 500 to 800 kg/m ³ , ideally 250 to 400 kg/m ³ . Process for the production of a substance mixture according to one of Claims 13 until 15 , characterized in that the method can be carried out essentially aerobically, in particular that essentially no climate-damaging substances, for example gases such as carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide or methane, are produced. Process for the production of a substance mixture according to one of Claims 13 until 16 , characterized in that in step b) the interior (12) of the container (1) is at least partially filled with at least one additive, the at least one additive preferably comprising a fertilizer. Process for the production of a substance mixture according to one of Claims 13 until 17 , characterized in that step c) is carried out at least twice, with at least one interruption of the comminution and brewing being inserted during which the material (13) and the at least one fluid (14) are essentially at rest. Process for the production of a substance mixture according to one of Claims 13 until 18 , characterized in that step c) is followed by a further step d), wherein step d) comprises the application of the substance mixture, preferably separated into brew and the at least one solid, in an organic system, preferably by superficial application and/ or fold.

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