DE102021107393B3 - seawater treatment device - Google Patents

Abstract

The sea water treatment device contains a horizontally arranged heating and evaporation vessel (12), consisting of a cuboid first area (2) for heating and a cuboid second area (3) for evaporating salt water. The first area (2) has a first cover (2.1) consisting of a metal or a metal alloy, a first height hi and two feed openings (7). The second area (3) has a second cover (3.1), a second height h2 that is greater than the first height h1, and above the first height h1 at least one air inlet opening (6), at least one outlet opening (4) and at least one discharge opening (9) on. The outflow channel (5) is thermally coupled to the heating and evaporation vessel (12) and is arranged below the heating and evaporation vessel (12).

Description

The invention relates to a seawater treatment device with which seawater evaporates and is condensed again and a condensate formed thereby can be obtained as service or drinking water, generically known from the WO 2007/054143 A1 .

Supplying agriculture with fresh water is becoming an increasing problem in more and more parts of the world. Due to climate change, less and less water is reaching the mountains in the form of snow and ice, so that the proportion of surface water is continuously falling. It is recognized that in the future this problem can only be solved sustainably by using seawater. The energy required for this is very high, so that the devices known from the prior art cannot be used sustainably in many countries for cost reasons.

A large part of the known devices uses solar energy for heating the seawater, which is either converted into electrical energy via solar panels in order to operate an electric heater, or heats the seawater directly. In the case of direct heating with solar energy, the size of the water surface over which the solar energy is introduced into the water in relation to the volume of the water to be heated determines the efficiency of the device. Compared to devices with electrical heating of the water, in which this ratio plays a subordinate role in the efficiency of the device, other measures will have to be taken in order to achieve an increase in efficiency.

A person skilled in the art will therefore only consider devices in which the input of solar energy directly or indirectly heats water as state of the art.

From the disclosure document CN 101 955 239 A a water desalination plant is known which has a closed condensation tank embedded in the ground and a closed evaporation tank (evaporation chamber) which is arranged above the condensation tank. The evaporating tank is made of thermally insulating glass and is exposed to solar radiation, its bottom and the wall facing the sun being covered with a coating absorbing sunlight. The low level of salt water in the evaporation tank forms water vapour, which is conducted into the condensation tank via a connecting pipe. There is a heat exchanger in the condensing tank, which is cooled with cold salt water flowing to the evaporating tank. The water vapor condenses on the heat exchanger and drips into the condensation tank. It is not disclosed here how the water cycle from salt water to condensed water is maintained and whether measures are provided for the necessary cleaning of the system from salt or concentrated salt water. Furthermore, no measures are mentioned that are useful for maintaining the highest possible temperature gradient and thus for achieving a high level of effectiveness of the system. Another problem is the heating of the condensation tank due to poor heat conduction in the floor.

one in the DE 10 2006 018 127 A1 disclosed seawater treatment device includes a solar collector, a plate-shaped evaporator and a condenser. There is a space between the plate-shaped evaporator facing the sun and the water to be evaporated, which is filled with air.

One of the DE 10 2009 030 770 A1 seawater treatment device described has a membrane in a container for dividing the container into two chambers. In the first chamber there is salt water, and in the second chamber there is already purified water. When the first chamber is heated by sunlight, salt water is evaporated and water vapor is produced. Due to the orientation of the container towards the sun, the first chamber is heated more than the second chamber. Due to a pressure difference that develops between the first chamber and the second chamber, the resulting water fight passes through the membrane into the second chamber and condenses there. The seawater treatment device described has a simple structure and dispenses entirely with pumps and energy supply. One of the above WO 2007/054143 A1 known water treatment device with high yield and low construction and operating costs consists of a flat and thermally insulated low-height evaporation tank, in which there is a flat layer of salt water. The evaporation chamber has only a small overall height and is closed by a cover that is transparent to solar radiation. The distance between the bottom of the evaporating tank and the cover is at most 10 cm, which achieves a large ratio of the area of the cover to the volume of the evaporating tank. The vaporization chamber is made of metal, with the inside opposite the cover plate preferably having a light-absorbing layer. A large proportion of the solar energy that is not absorbed directly by the salt water layer through heat radiation is thus absorbed by the salt water layer located at an air distance below it through convection or heat conduction. The resulting water vapor is fed through outlet openings to a discharge channel for condensation. In order to cool the discharge duct, salt water is passed countercurrently to the water vapor in an external pipeline surrounding the discharge duct. The condensed water that forms is collected in a storage container connected to the discharge channel. An additional pre-heating tank (heating chamber) in which the salt water is already pre-heated can be arranged in the feed channel for the salt water to the evaporation tank. It is constructed in the same way as the evaporation tank. The preheating and/or the evaporation container can also be equipped with a heating device, which is supplied with a heat transfer fluid heated to up to 180° C. by an external solar system in order to increase the efficiency of the evaporation process.

All of the aforementioned water desalination plants have in common that they have an evaporation tank which is closed by a cover that is transparent to solar radiation. In the evaporation tank, the salt water to be heated is heated by thermal radiation and by thermal conduction, in particular of the bottom of the evaporation chamber heated by the thermal radiation, with an air layer located above the water being increasingly enriched with water vapor. A particular disadvantage here is that these systems must have very large areas of glass, preferably thermal glass, for the desalination of large quantities of seawater in a short time. Large areas of thermal glass are expensive. In addition, on the one hand the transparency of the glass surfaces and thus the heat radiation introduced into the evaporation container is highly dependent on their degree of soiling and on the other hand glass in particular is at risk of being destroyed in the event of vandalism or other mechanical influences. In addition to high investment costs for the glass surfaces, it therefore requires recurring maintenance work to keep the glass surfaces free and special safety measures to prevent the glass surfaces from being destroyed, at least by vandalism.

A generic seawater treatment device is from DE 10 2019 125 622 A1 known. The seawater treatment device disclosed herein is inefficient in that an existing supply duct for salt water and an existing discharge duct for discharging air laden with water vapor are not thermally coupled with one another, as a result of which condensate forms only slowly in the discharge duct.

The efficiency of known water desalination plants is increased in most devices in that the cold salt water supplied is used to cool the discharge channels and thus make the condensation process more efficient. On the other hand, the heat stored in the salt water after heating is usually not used. As a result, known water desalination plants have a high energy consumption.

The object of the invention is to create a seawater treatment device that has a simple design, is comparatively inexpensive and requires little maintenance and care, and has the highest possible efficiency, low energy consumption and a comparatively high yield of fresh/fresh water.

The object is achieved for a seawater treatment device with the features according to claim 1.

It consists of at least one pump, a heating chamber with a first cover, an evaporation chamber in which the air is charged with water vapor, with a second cover and at least one outlet opening connected to an outlet channel, as well as at least one air inlet opening, one via a supply opening or a single-line or two-line supply channel connected to the heating chamber via two supply openings for supplying the salt water, in which the at least one pump is arranged, and either a discharge channel connected to the evaporation chamber via a discharge opening or two discharge channels, each connected to the evaporation chamber via a discharge opening are and is introduced into the water-vapour-laden air, the one discharge duct or the two discharge ducts and the supply duct being thermally coupled to one another, so that the water vapor condenses on at least one wall of the one discharge duct or the two discharge ducts ated and condensate is formed.

It is essential to the invention that the heating chamber form a cuboid first area with a first height h _{1 and the evaporation chamber a cuboid second area with a second height h 2 of} a heating and evaporation vessel that is arranged horizontally.

The at least one drain opening is located at a third height h ₃ above the first height h ₁ , as a result of which a salt water level that occurs in the first area is equal to the first ten height is hi, so that the salt water is immediately adjacent to the first cover and heat introduced by the solar energy is released from the first cover to the salt water by convection.

The first cover is made of a metal or metal alloy, and the drain channel is thermally coupled to the heating and evaporating vessel and is located below the heating and evaporating vessel.

The outflow opening is advantageously an overflow edge, which is formed in particular over the entire width of the heating and evaporation vessel.

In an advantageous embodiment of the seawater treatment device, the one discharge opening or the two discharge openings are arranged at one end of the heating and evaporation vessel and the one supply opening or the two supply openings are arranged at the opposite end of the heating and evaporation vessel. As a result, the supply duct, optionally its two duct branches, and the one discharge duct or the two discharge ducts are flowed through in opposite directions. For an optimal use of space by the seawater treatment device, the supply channel and the one discharge channel or the two discharge channels run parallel to the heating and evaporation vessel over at least a length L of the heating and evaporation vessel.

Advantageously, the second cover is also made of a metal or a metal alloy.

In order to increase the contact surface of the first cover and the second cover with the salt water, heat-conducting elements are advantageously present on the first cover and/or on the second cover, which protrude into the interior of the heating and evaporation vessel.

Alternatively or additionally, the first cover and/or the second cover can have a wavy cross-sectional shape, so that a portion of the incident sunlight always strikes the first cover and/or the second cover perpendicularly, regardless of the position of the sun.

It is structurally and thermally favorable that the feed duct is arranged horizontally above or below the one discharge duct or the two discharge ducts.

Advantageously from a thermal point of view, the heating and evaporation vessel is thermally insulated from the feed channel and one discharge channel or the two discharge channels.

In a preferred embodiment, the seawater treatment device contains measuring devices within the seawater treatment device for measuring the temperature of the air and/or the temperature and/or the salinity of the salt water and/or measuring devices outside the seawater treatment device for measuring the ambient temperature and/or the angle of incidence of the sun.

A control and computing unit is then advantageously also present, which is connected to the pump and the measuring devices and is designed to supply an inflow of salt water on the basis of the measured temperatures and/or the salinity and/or the angle of incidence of the sun and/or meteorological data calculate and control the pump accordingly.

A neural network can be implemented in the arithmetic and control unit in order to optimally use the large number of measured values that can be obtained.

For assembly-friendly construction of the seawater treatment device at a destination, it is constructed in particular as a module, with several modules being able to be connected to one another to form a seawater treatment plant.

• 1 eine Draufsicht auf eine vorteilhafte Ausführung einer Meerwasseraufbereitungsvorrichtung,
• 2 ein Schnittbild der Meerwasseraufbereitungsvorrichtung gemäß 1,
• 3 eine Seitenansicht der Meerwasseraufbereitungsvorrichtung gemäß 1,
• 4 eine Ansicht der Meerwasseraufbereitungsvorrichtung gemäß 1 von unten,
• 5a-5c verschiedene Ausführungsformen der ersten Abdeckung und
• 6 eine weitere Ausführung der Meerwasseraufbereitungsvorrichtung.

The invention is to be described in more detail below by means of exemplary embodiments with reference to drawings. For this show:

• 1 a plan view of an advantageous embodiment of a seawater treatment device,
• 2 a sectional view of the seawater treatment device according to FIG 1 ,
• 3 a side view of the seawater treatment device according to FIG 1 ,
• 4 a view of the seawater treatment device according to FIG 1 from underneath,
• 5a-5c various embodiments of the first cover and
• 6 another embodiment of the seawater treatment device.

In the 1 Seawater treatment device shown schematically contains all the features essential to the invention. These include a pump 1, a feed channel 8 for salt water, which is two-part here, a heating and evaporation vessel 12, a drain channel 5 for excess salt water and two drain channels 10 for water steam laden air. The heating and evaporation vessel 12 is arranged horizontally and consists of a cuboid first area 2 and a cuboid second area 3.

The first area 2 has a first cover 2.1, which consists of a metal or a metal alloy, a first height hi (shown in 2 ) and two feed openings 7.

The second area 3 has a second cover 3.1, a second height h ₂ (shown in 2 ) and above the first height hi a plurality of air inlet openings 6, a discharge opening 4 at a third height h ₃ and two discharge openings 9.

The pump 1 is arranged in the feed channel 8 , which branches into two channel branches behind the pump 1 , which are each connected at the ends to the first area 2 via the feed opening 7 .

More than one pump 1 can also be present in the seawater treatment device.

The outflow channel 5 is thermally coupled to the heating and evaporation vessel 12 and is connected to it via an outflow opening 4 . The two discharge openings 9 are each connected to one of the discharge channels 10 .

Instead of the two-line feed channel 8 , in another embodiment, not shown in the drawings, there is a single-line feed channel 8 , which is correspondingly connected to the first area 2 via only one feed opening 7 . In this embodiment, only one discharge channel 10 and correspondingly only one discharge opening 9 is then available.

Salt water is fed into the feed channel 8 by means of the pump 1 . The term salt water is representative of sea water, salt water, brackish water or polluted water. The salt water that is fed in flows through the feed channel 8 divided to the two feed openings 7 . It is heated by a thermal coupling of the feed channel 8 , more precisely its channel branches, with the two discharge channels 10 before it enters the first region 2 . The feed duct 8 and the discharge ducts 10 are advantageously insulated from their surroundings and/or from the heat input from sunlight.

It is not essential to the invention whether the device has one feed channel 8 or two feed channels 8 . It is also not essential to the invention whether the device has one discharge channel 10 or two discharge channels 10 .

In the first area 2, the heat introduced into the first cover 2.1 by the solar energy is transferred from the first cover 2.1 to the salt water, as a result of which the salt water is heated. The temperature of the salt water at the transition from the first area 2 to the second area 3 is advantageously 80-90°C.

It is essential to the invention that the second height h _{2 is} greater than the first height hi and the drain opening 4 is between the first height hi and the second height h ₂ in the third height h ₃ , so that in the second region 3 above a adjusting salt water level, a cavity remains in which water vapor is produced, which humidifies the air that enters the second area 3 through the air inlet openings 6 . The air laden with water vapor is discharged through the discharge openings 9 into the discharge channels 10 connected to the second area 3 .

The fact that the drain opening 4 is located above the first height hi also ensures that the salt water level in the first region 2 is equal to the first height hi. The contact between the first cover 2.1 and the salt water causes heat to be transferred from the first cover 2.1 to the salt water by means of convection, as a result of which the temperature of the salt water in the first area 2 increasingly increases in the direction of flow.

It is also essential to the invention that the first cover 2.1 consists of metal or a metal alloy, advantageously with a thermal conductivity greater than 25 W/(m*K), which means that the first cover 2.1 is better than a cover known from the prior art Glass is not transparent but is absorbent and thermally conductive.

Assuming that the salt water is sufficiently heated after flowing through the first area 2, it is essentially irrelevant what material the second cover 3.1 consists of. The second cover 3.1 can advantageously be made of the same material as the first cover 2.1.

The material for the first cover 2.1 is advantageously selected in such a way that it has the highest possible absorption capacity for thermal radiation from the sun and the highest possible thermal conductivity. At the same time, the material is corrosion-resistant, dimensionally stable and inexpensive. The corrosion resistance to salt water is advantageously improved by an additional coating.

Aluminum is advantageously used as the metal or an aluminum alloy is used as a metal alloy.

So that the first cover 2.1 and preferably also the second cover 3.1 absorb as much solar energy as possible, they are advantageously provided with a black paint or a black coating.

Because of the thermal coupling between the feed channel 8 and the discharge channels 10, a temperature gradient forms between the walls and interior spaces of the discharge channels 10. As a result, the water vapor condenses on the walls of the discharge channels 10.

In order to make the thermal coupling of the feed channel 8 and the discharge channels 10 as efficient as possible, it makes sense to arrange the feed channel 8 horizontally above or below the discharge channels 10 . In this case, the feed channel 8 and the discharge channel 10 can advantageously share a common partition with one another. This can ensure that the area over which the feed channel 8 is thermally coupled to the discharge channels 10 is at a maximum. Even more advantageously, the heating and evaporation vessel 12 is thermally insulated from the feed channel 8 and from the discharge channels 10 . It can thereby be ensured that no undesired heating of the walls of the discharge channels 10 and no undesired cooling of the salt water in the supply channel 8 takes place.

Depending on whether and where heat transfer is to take place on the heating and evaporation vessel 12, its material has either the lowest possible or the highest possible thermal conductivity, or the heating and evaporation vessel 12 consists of different materials according to the respective embodiment.

Due to the compression of the air as a result of cooling through the condensation, a negative pressure is created in the discharge channels 10 even without additional aids, so that the person skilled in the art decides here, depending on the dimensioning of the seawater treatment device and the given parameters, whether additional aids are necessary to generate a negative pressure. Advantageously, the negative pressure applied to the discharge channels 10 is generated by additional aids, so that the air laden with water vapor is sucked out of the second area 3 .

For the seawater treatment device according to the invention, it is irrelevant whether there are reservoirs for collecting the accumulating condensate and whether these are connected to the discharge channels 10 or how and where the condensate obtained is discharged. The condensate can, for example, be used to water usable areas without intermediate storage or fed directly into a (drinking) water network.

The excess salt water flows as in 2 shown, through the drain opening 4 into a drain channel 5. The drain channel 5 is arranged below the heating and evaporation vessel 12 and is thermally coupled to the heating and evaporation vessel 12. The outflow channel 5 is advantageously thermally coupled to the heating and evaporation vessel 12 over its entire length L. This is advantageously realized in that the heating and evaporation vessel 12 has a bottom which at the same time forms a top wall of the outflow channel 5 . Due to the thermal coupling of the outflow channel 5 with the heating and evaporation vessel 12 , the heat contained in the excess salt water is at least partially used to heat the salt water in the heating and evaporation vessel 12 .

The drain opening 4 is advantageously an overflow edge. Even more advantageously, the overflow edge and the drain channel 5 are formed across the width of the heating and evaporation vessel 12 .

In order to make the construction of the seawater treatment device as simple as possible and at the same time to obtain all the advantages of a seawater treatment device according to the invention, it is advantageous that the discharge openings 9 are arranged at one end of the heating and evaporation vessel 12 and the supply openings 7 at the opposite end of the heating and evaporation vessel 12 are arranged as in 3 shown.

As in 4 shown, it is also advantageous that the heating and evaporation vessel 12 has a length L and the feed channel 8 and the discharge channels 10 run parallel to the heating and evaporation vessel 12 over at least the length L. Advantageously, the discharge channels 10 and the feed channel 8 are thermally coupled in the area in which they are arranged parallel to the heating and evaporation vessel 12, being superimposed. The discharge ducts 10 and the feed duct 8, which is formed in this area by the two duct branches, are advantageously thermally connected to one another by only one common partition.

In order to ensure that, regardless of the position of the sun, part of the incident sunlight is always perpendicular to the first cover 2.1 and/or the second cover 3.1, the first cover 2.1 and/or the second cover 3.1 can advantageously have a wavy cross-sectional shape, as in 5a shown.

An enlarged surface of the first cover 2.1 and/or the second cover 3.1 towards the salt water can advantageously also be achieved if a large number of heat-conducting elements 13 are formed on the first cover 2.1 and/or the second cover 3.1, as in 5b and 5c shown. This can be, for example, rods or plates formed in the direction of flow. Alternatively, plates aligned transversely to the direction of flow can also be used. So that heat can also be released directly from the second cover 3.1 to the salt water by convection, heat conducting elements 13 that protrude below the salt water level in the second area 3 are necessary.

In order to ensure efficient operation of the sea water treatment device, it is advantageous to control the salt water supply and thus the salt water level in the first area 2 . The salt water level in the first area 2 must not be too low, otherwise without heat conducting elements 13 direct heat transfer by convection from the first cover 2.1 to the salt water is not possible. In order to prevent the salt water level from being too low, it should advantageously be ensured that more salt water enters the first area 2 than water vapor evaporates in the second area 3 . It is also advantageous if not an excessive amount of salt water is pumped into the feed channel 8 and thus into the first area 2, since energy is then consumed unnecessarily. Temperature(s) and/or salinity(s) should be measured at critical points of the seawater treatment device to enable control of the saltwater supply. These are, as in 6 shown, advantageous measuring devices 14 available. Even more advantageously, the measuring devices 14 also measure the ambient temperature and the angle of incidence of the sun or other variables relevant to the control of the salt water supply, such as the air humidity in and around the sea water treatment device.

The salt water supply is advantageously controlled by means of a control and computing unit 15 connected to the pump 1 and to the measuring devices 14. The control and computing unit 15, in which a neural network is advantageously implemented, is designed to, on the basis of the measured temperature ( s) and/or salinity(s) and/or the angle of incidence of the sun and/or meteorological data to calculate a salt water inflow and to control the pump 1 accordingly. Other variables relevant to the control of the salt water supply for controlling the pump 1 can also be measured and evaluated.

A seawater treatment device according to the invention must be of a certain size in order to be (cost) efficient. Since the operation of a device according to the invention advantageously only increases the salt content of the salt water by 3%-6%, it is environmentally friendly, but has a low efficiency based on the amount of salt water used. On the other hand, the efficiency of the device according to the invention is very high in relation to the costs required for operation, be they acquisition costs, maintenance costs or electricity and operating costs. In order to achieve high yields when operating the seawater treatment device according to the invention, it is therefore necessary to use a large area, in particular for heating and evaporating the saltwater.

The use of a large area can be ensured either by dimensioning the seawater treatment device, in particular the heating and evaporation vessel 12, accordingly. A sea water treatment device according to the invention can, for example, have a total area of 50 mx 100 m or 100 mx 100 m or be dimensioned even larger. However, in the case of seawater treatment devices with a very large area (> 1 km ² ), on-site assembly is necessary.

In order to use very large areas, the seawater treatment device according to the invention can advantageously also be constructed as a module, with several modules being able to be connected to one another. Using several modules, which are much smaller, it is also possible to use a very large area for seawater treatment. As a result, the assembly work on site and the transport work can be minimized.

In order to reduce the production, assembly and transport costs for a seawater treatment device according to the invention, the discharge channel 5 can advantageously be formed by a foil.

In order to insulate the drain channel 5, it can advantageously be embedded in the surrounding soil, since this usually has poor thermal conductivity.

Equally advantageously, the outflow channel 5 can also be thermally insulated from the ground, in order to ensure that the heat stored in the excess salt water becomes one the greatest possible proportion of the salt water in the heating and evaporation vessel 12 is released.

It is also advantageous to insulate the feed ducts 8 and/or the discharge ducts 10 from their surroundings and/or from an input of energy from sunlight. It can thereby be ensured that no undesired heating of the walls of the discharge channels 10 and no undesired cooling of the salt water in the supply channels 8 takes place.

A seawater treatment device according to the invention can be configured by combining differently designed features that can be designed independently of one another, such as the material of the first cover 2.1 or the second cover 3.1, the geometric shape of the first cover 2.1 or the second cover 3.1 and any heat-conducting elements 13 formed thereon, the arrangement Size and geometry of the drain opening 4, the air inlet openings 6 or the type of drain channel 5, the arrangement of the supply channels 8 and the discharge channels 10, the insulation of the heating and evaporation vessel 12, the supply channels 8 or the discharge channels 10 and the control of the pump 1, be designed advantageously. Thus, the advantageous embodiments shown, which are not of an alternative type, can be implemented together or only individually in exemplary embodiments.

A preferred embodiment of the seawater treatment device has a drain opening 4, which is an overflow edge. The overflow edge and the drainage channel 5 are formed across the width of the heating and evaporation vessel 12 . The discharge opening 9 of the discharge channels 10 is arranged at one end of the heating and evaporation vessel 12 and the supply opening 7 of the supply channels 8 is arranged at the opposite end of the heating and evaporation vessel 12. The heating and evaporation vessel 12 has a length L and the feed channels 8 and the discharge channels 10 run parallel to the heating and evaporation vessel 12 over at least the length L. The feed channels 8 are arranged horizontally above the discharge channels 10 . Both the first cover 2.1 and the second cover 3.1 are made of metal with a thermal conductivity greater than 25 W/(m*K). In addition, the device contains measuring devices 14 and a control and computing unit 15, which is connected to the pump 1 and the measuring devices 14 and is designed to, on the basis of the temperature(s) and/or salt content(s) measured by the measuring devices 14 and /or to calculate a salt water inflow based on the angle of incidence of the sun and/or on the basis of meteorological data and to control the pump 1 accordingly.

Reference List

1

pump

2

first area

2.1

first cover

3

second area

3.1

second cover

4

drain hole

5

drain channel

6

air inlet opening

7

feed opening

8th

feed channel

9

discharge opening

10

discharge channel

11

condensate

12

Warming and evaporation vessel

13

heat conducting element

14

gauge

15

Control and computing unit

Hi

first height

h2

second height

h3

third height

L

length

Claims (14)

Sea water treatment device with which salt water is heated, evaporated and condensed again by solar energy for the purpose of evaporation, consisting of - at least one pump (1), - a heating chamber with a first cover (2.1), - an evaporation chamber in which the air is charged with water vapour with a second cover (3.1), with at least one drainage opening (4) which is connected to a drainage channel (5), and with at least one air inlet opening (6), - one via a supply opening (7) or via two supply openings ( 7) one-line or two-line supply channel (8) connected to the heating chamber for supplying the salt water, in which the at least one pump (1) is arranged, and - either one discharge channel (10) connected to the evaporation chamber via a discharge opening (9) or two each connected via a discharge opening (9) to the evaporation chamber discharge ducts (10) into which the water-vapour-laden air is introduced, wherein the one discharge duct (10) or the two discharge ducts (10) and the feed duct (8) are thermally coupled to one another, so that the water vapor passes through at least one Wall of one discharge channel (10) or the two discharge channels (10) condenses and condensate (11) is thus formed, - the heating chamber having a cuboid first area (2) with a first height (h ₁ ) and the evaporation chamber a cuboid second area Area (3) with a second height (h ₂ ) of a heating and evaporation vessel (12) which are arranged horizontally, the at least one drainage opening (4) being at a third height (h ₃ ) above the first height (h ₁ ) is located, whereby an adjusting salt water level in the first area (2) is equal to the first height (h ₁ ), so that the salt water is directly adjacent to the first cover (2.1) and entered by the solar energy ne heat is given off by convection from the first cover (2.1) to the salt water, - the first cover (2.1) consists of a metal or a metal alloy and - the discharge channel (5) with the heating and evaporation vessel (12) is thermally coupled and arranged below the heating and evaporation vessel (12). seawater treatment device claim 1 , characterized in that the drain opening (4) is an overflow edge. seawater treatment device claim 2 , characterized in that the overflow edge and the drain channel (5) are formed across the width of the heating and evaporation vessel (12). seawater treatment device claim 1 , characterized in that the one discharge opening (9) or the two discharge openings (9) are arranged at one end of the heating and evaporation vessel (12) and the one supply opening (7) or the two supply openings (7) at the opposite end of the heating and evaporation vessel (12) are arranged. seawater treatment device claim 1 or 4 , characterized in that the heating and evaporation vessel (12) has a length L and the feed channel (8) and the one discharge channel (10) or the two discharge channels (10) over at least the length L parallel to the heating and evaporation vessel ( 12) run. seawater treatment device claim 1 , characterized in that the second cover (3.1) consists of a metal or a metal alloy. seawater treatment device claim 1 or 6 , characterized in that on the first cover (2.1) and / or on the second cover (3.1) heat conducting elements (13) are present, which protrude into the interior of the heating and evaporation vessel (12). seawater treatment device claim 1 , characterized in that the first cover (2.1) and / or the second cover (3.1) have a wavy cross-sectional shape, so that regardless of the position of the sun always a part of the incident sunlight perpendicular to the first cover (2.1) and / or the second cover ( 3.1) meets. seawater treatment device claim 1 , characterized in that the feed channel (8) is arranged horizontally above or below the one discharge channel (10) or the two discharge channels (10). Seawater treatment device according to one of Claims 1 , 5 or 9 , characterized in that the heating and evaporation vessel (12) is thermally insulated from the feed channel (8) and the one discharge channel (10) or the two discharge channels (10). seawater treatment device claim 1 , characterized in that measuring devices (14) are present inside the seawater treatment device for measuring the temperature of the air and/or the temperature and/or the salinity of the salt water and/or outside the seawater treatment device for measuring the ambient temperature and/or the angle of incidence of the sun. seawater treatment device claim 11 , characterized in that there is a control and computing unit (15), which is connected to the pump (1) and the measuring devices (14) and is designed to, on the basis of the measured temperature(s) and/or the salinity and /or to calculate a salt water inflow from the angle of incidence of the sun and/or from meteorological data and to control the pump (1) accordingly. seawater treatment device claim 12 , characterized in that a neural network is implemented in the arithmetic and control unit (15). Seawater treatment device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the seawater treatment device is constructed as a module and several modules can be connected to one another to form a seawater treatment plant and thus use a larger area for seawater desalination than with just one module.

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