DE102021004705A1 - Ultrafiltration for fresh water station for domestic water heating with constant integrity monitoring - Google Patents
Ultrafiltration for fresh water station for domestic water heating with constant integrity monitoring Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- DE102021004705A1 DE102021004705A1 DE102021004705.2A DE102021004705A DE102021004705A1 DE 102021004705 A1 DE102021004705 A1 DE 102021004705A1 DE 102021004705 A DE102021004705 A DE 102021004705A DE 102021004705 A1 DE102021004705 A1 DE 102021004705A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- ultrafiltration
- fresh water
- integrity monitoring
- water heating
- domestic water
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/14—Ultrafiltration; Microfiltration
- B01D61/22—Controlling or regulating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/06—Specific process operations in the permeate stream
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2311/00—Details relating to membrane separation process operations and control
- B01D2311/24—Quality control
- B01D2311/246—Concentration control
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
- B01D2313/60—Specific sensors or sensor arrangements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/40—Automatic control of cleaning processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/08—Chemical Oxygen Demand [COD]; Biological Oxygen Demand [BOD]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/20—Total organic carbon [TOC]
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2307/00—Location of water treatment or water treatment device
- C02F2307/10—Location of water treatment or water treatment device as part of a potable water dispenser, e.g. for use in homes or offices
Abstract
Um die Effizienz der Brauchwassererwärmung zu verbessern und die damit verbundenen CO2Emissionen zu senken, ist es ein Ziel die Temperatur des Brauchwassers so niedrig wie möglich zu halten. Dies kommt besonders demBetrieb von Wärmepumpen und Solaranlagen entgegen.Da diese Temperaturen das Wachstum von Legionellen stark begünstigen, kommen Frischwasserstationen mit vorgeschalteter Ultrafiltration zum Einsatz. Um unter diesen Bedingungen einen sicheren Betrieb zu gewährleisten wurde eine Messung entwickelt die die Funktionstüchtigkeit/Integrität der Ultrafiltration stetig misst. Diese Messtechnik basiert auf dem Einsatz zweier Sonden, in denen je ein TOC und ein DOC Sensor verbaut sind. Ausgewertet wird ein komplexer Referenzleitwert auf Basis der Sonden-Messung.In order to improve the efficiency of domestic water heating and to reduce the associated CO2 emissions, one goal is to keep the temperature of the domestic water as low as possible. This is particularly beneficial for the operation of heat pumps and solar systems. Since these temperatures greatly promote the growth of legionella, fresh water stations with upstream ultrafiltration are used. In order to ensure safe operation under these conditions, a measurement was developed that constantly measures the functionality/integrity of the ultrafiltration. This measurement technology is based on the use of two probes, each with a TOC and a DOC sensor. A complex reference conductance based on the probe measurement is evaluated.
Description
Bei der Brauchwasserbereitung (Frischwasser kalt zu Warmwasser) werden entweder Brauchwasserspeicher oder sog. Durchlaufsysteme als Frischwasserstation verwendet.When preparing service water (cold fresh water for hot water), either service water storage tanks or so-called flow systems are used as fresh water stations.
Mit dem Frischwasser aus dem Netz des Wasserversorgers gelangen Legionellen, oder sonstige bakterielle Verunreinigungen, in das System der Brauchwasserbereitung.With the fresh water from the water supplier's network, legionella or other bacterial contaminants get into the process water heating system.
Besonders beim Vorhalten von Warmwasser im Speicher ist immer mit der Gefahr der extremen Vermehrung der Legionellen oder Keimen im Speicher und Verteilsystem zu rechnen. Daher werden heute vermehrt Frischwasserstationen eingesetzt. Dies sind in aller Regel Plattenwärmetauscher, bei denen auf einer Seite das Heizmedium (Heizungswasser/Solarwärme....) und auf der anderen Seite das Frischwasser strömt und dabei aufgewärmt wird.Especially when storing hot water in the storage tank, there is always the risk of an extreme increase in legionella or germs in the storage tank and distribution system. For this reason, fresh water stations are increasingly being used today. As a rule, these are plate heat exchangers, in which the heating medium (heating water/solar heat....) flows on one side and the fresh water flows on the other side and is heated up in the process.
Um die Effizienz der Brauchwassererwärmung zu verbessern und damit auch die damit verbundenen CO2 Emissionen zu senken, ist man bestrebt die Brauchwassertemperaturen zu senken. Dies kommt vor allem dem Betrieb von Wärmepumpen und Solaranlagen entgegen.In order to improve the efficiency of domestic water heating and thus also to reduce the associated CO 2 emissions, efforts are being made to lower the domestic water temperatures. This is particularly beneficial for the operation of heat pumps and solar systems.
Ohne sonstige Maßnahmen würde bei niedrigeren Temperaturen ein vermehrtes Wachstum, der im Frischwasser mitgeführten, Legionellen einsetzen.Without other measures, increased growth of legionella carried along in the fresh water would occur at lower temperatures.
Diese mitgeführten Legionellen können, in einer der Frischwasserstation vorgeschalteten Ultrafiltration, zurückgehalten werden. Unter den genannten Bedingungen kommt aber der sicheren Funktionstüchtigkeit/Integrität der Ultrafiltration besondere Bedeutung zu. Eine regelmäßige Beprobung des Brauchwassers ist hierzu nicht ausreichend.These carried legionellae can be held back in an ultrafiltration upstream of the freshwater station. Under the conditions mentioned, however, the reliable functionality/integrity of the ultrafiltration is of particular importance. Regular sampling of the industrial water is not sufficient for this.
Mit der nachfolgend beschrieben Technik ist es möglich eine stetige Messung der Integrität der Ultrafiltration durchzuführen und die Messergebnis in eine übergeordnete Steuerung einzubinden. Auf diese weise lässt sich eine aber auch eine Vielzahl von Frischwasserstationen überwachen und im Störfall gezielt abschalten.With the technology described below, it is possible to carry out a continuous measurement of the integrity of the ultrafiltration and integrate the measurement results into a higher-level control system. In this way, one but also a large number of fresh water stations can be monitored and switched off in a targeted manner in the event of a fault.
Zur Funktion der stetigen Integritätsüberwachung:About the function of the continuous integrity monitoring:
Der im Wasser enthaltene Kohlenstoff, basiert aus organischen/biogenen Stoffen, liegt in fester Form vor. Darüber hinaus findet sich im Wasser noch gelöster Kohlenstoff. Bei biogenen Stoffen, wie z.B. Legionellen, liegt er in fester, also nicht gelöster, Form vor. Die Summe aus festem und gelöstem Kohlenstoff ist der Gesamt-Kohlenstoff im Wasser. Der Anteil an biogenem/festem Kohlenstoff kann über einen TOC-Sensor gemessen werden. Dies geschieht über einen Referenz-Leitwert. Der gelöste Kohlenstoff kann über einen DOC-Sensor gemessen werden. Auch dies geschieht mittels eines Referenz-Leitwertes.The carbon contained in the water, based on organic/biogenic substances, is in solid form. There is also dissolved carbon in the water. In the case of biogenic substances, such as legionella, it is in a solid, i.e. not dissolved, form. The sum of fixed and dissolved carbon is the total carbon in the water. The proportion of biogenic/solid carbon can be measured using a TOC sensor. This is done using a reference master value. The dissolved carbon can be measured using a DOC sensor. This is also done using a reference guide value.
Dabei ist der sich ergebene Referenz-Leitwert nicht einfach proportional zum Vorhandensein des jeweiligen Kohlenstoffs, sondern ist das Ergebnis einer Wechselwirkung dieser untereinander. Um diese Wechselwirkung zur Erzeugung eines verwertbaren Messwertes nutzen zu können, wird eine Messsonde eingesetzt. Die Sonde enthält einen TOC und einen DOC-Sensor. Eine solche Messsonde ist jeweils vor und nach der Ultrafiltration eingebaut.The resulting reference conductance is not simply proportional to the presence of the respective carbon, but is the result of an interaction between them. A measuring probe is used to be able to use this interaction to generate a usable measured value. The probe contains a TOC and a DOC sensor. Such a measuring probe is installed before and after the ultrafiltration.
Durch die Ultrafiltration wird, durch das Abscheiden der Legionellen, ein Konzentrationsunterschied an biogen basiertem Kohlenstoff erzeugt. Der DOC-Sensor ist mit demit dem TOC-Sensor verbunden. Die zweite Sonde, nach der Ultrafiltration, arbeitet nach dem gleichen Prinzip.Ultrafiltration creates a difference in the concentration of biogenic-based carbon by separating legionella. The DOC sensor is connected to the TOC sensor. The second probe, after ultrafiltration, works on the same principle.
In der Steuerung findet nun folgende nun folgende Aufbereitung der Messwerte statt:
- 1. Aus TOC 1 und DOC 1, also aus Sonde 1 vor der Ultrafiltration, wird der Gesamt-Kohlenstoff bestimmt.
- 2. Aus TOC 1 und TOC 2 wird der Anteil aus zurückgehaltenem Kohlenstoff bestimmt.
- 3. Aus TOC 2 und DOC 2, also aus Sonde 2 nach der Ultrafiltration, wir der Gesamt-Kohlenstoff bestimmt.
- 4. Vom Messergebnis aus 1. wird Messergebnis aus 2. und 3. abgezogen.
- 1. The total carbon is determined from TOC 1 and DOC 1, i.e. from probe 1 before ultrafiltration.
- 2. From TOC 1 and TOC 2 the proportion of retained carbon is determined.
- 3. The total carbon is determined from TOC 2 and DOC 2, i.e. from probe 2 after ultrafiltration.
- 4. The measurement result from 1. is subtracted from the measurement result from 2. and 3.
Bei Funktionsfähigkeit/Integrität der Ultrafiltration ist der ausgegebene Messwert gleich oder nahe 0. Es entsteht so ein stabiler Messwert der ein direktes Maß die Funktionsfähigkeit/Integrität der Ultrafiltration ist. Schon geringe Beschädigungen am Filtermaterial führen in kurzer Zeit zu einer deutlichen Messwertveränderung und können zur Abschaltung genutzt werden.In the case of the functionality/integrity of the ultrafiltration, the output measurement value is equal to or close to 0. This results in a stable measurement value which is a direct measure of the functionality/integrity of the ultrafiltration. Even slight damage to the filter material leads to a significant change in the measured value in a short time and can be used to switch off.
Claims (2)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102021004705.2A DE102021004705A1 (en) | 2021-09-16 | 2021-09-16 | Ultrafiltration for fresh water station for domestic water heating with constant integrity monitoring |
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DE102021004705.2A DE102021004705A1 (en) | 2021-09-16 | 2021-09-16 | Ultrafiltration for fresh water station for domestic water heating with constant integrity monitoring |
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DE102021004705A1 true DE102021004705A1 (en) | 2023-03-16 |
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DE102021004705.2A Pending DE102021004705A1 (en) | 2021-09-16 | 2021-09-16 | Ultrafiltration for fresh water station for domestic water heating with constant integrity monitoring |
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Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007245084A (en) | 2006-03-17 | 2007-09-27 | Toshiba Corp | Membrane filtration control device |
EP3712512A1 (en) | 2019-03-12 | 2020-09-23 | WCR Technologie GmbH | Device and method of supplying warm drinking water |
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2021
- 2021-09-16 DE DE102021004705.2A patent/DE102021004705A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007245084A (en) | 2006-03-17 | 2007-09-27 | Toshiba Corp | Membrane filtration control device |
EP3712512A1 (en) | 2019-03-12 | 2020-09-23 | WCR Technologie GmbH | Device and method of supplying warm drinking water |
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