DE102021003976A1 - Process and device for separating CO2 from gases - Google Patents

Abstract

A method is proposed that enables the separation of CO2 from the atmosphere and from the exhaust gas resulting from the combustion of hydrocarbons. The internal combustion engine (1) can operate as a two-stage pine engine (1) or as a two-stage pine compressor (20) by simply switching the two-part crankshaft. The jaw motor (1) is used as a drive or to produce electricity. With the Kiefer compressor (20), energy is stored by producing liquid air. CO2 is separated from the two-stage compressed air in the Kiefer motor (1) and in the Kiefer compressor (20) in a CO2 separator (9) and fed into the high-pressure part of a working circuit with CO2. The CO2 fed into the working circuit by a high-pressure pump (16) is brought to the appropriate temperature in heat exchangers (4), (5) and (10), so that it liquefies when it expands in the nozzle wheel (14) and is returned to the container (18) flows. In the Kiefer engine (1), CO2 is separated from the exhaust gas in another CO2 separator (9) and mixed with the intake air. The proposed method allows hydrocarbons to be used in an environmentally friendly manner for electricity production, for energy storage and in drives with little energy input.

Description

The increasing proportion of CO2 in the atmosphere causes the currently occurring climate change. In order to stop this and reverse it again, no CO2 must be released into the atmosphere when hydrocarbons are burned, and CO2 must be separated from the atmosphere.

A method is to be proposed here that enables the separation of CO2 from the atmosphere and from the exhaust gas that is produced during the combustion of hydrocarbons. The method proposed in this patent specification allows hydrocarbons to be used in an environmentally friendly manner to store energy, to produce electricity and in drives.

Description

It is used here as a drive unit or as a compressor in the patent DD 228 321 A1 described internal combustion engine (pine engine) used with double compression and double relaxation.

Filtered air is sucked in by the large cylinder (Z1) (see drawing 1, drawing 2) and compressed and pushed out of it into a heat exchanger (4). In this, the compressed air of the first stage is cooled and sucked in by the small cylinder (Z2), compressed further and pushed into the heat exchanger (5) for cooling. The cooled, doubly compressed, high-pressure air is freed from pollutants in the separator (8) and enters the CO2 separator (9). In this, CO2 is separated from the compressed air, eg by means of a membrane or adsorption. The high-pressure CO2 separated from the air is now fed into the high-pressure part of the CO2 working circuit (see drawing 1, drawing 2). In the CO2 working circuit, liquid CO2 is pressed from a container (18) through the heat exchangers (4) and (5) by means of a high-pressure pump in order to cool them. The CO2 is then cooled in the cooler (10) so that it expands in the nozzle wheel (14) to generate work and liquefies (see patent application DE 10 2018 001 524 A1 ). Liquid CO2 flows back into the container (18). The shaft (12) of the nozzle wheel (14) is connected to the shaft (13) of the Kiefer motor (1) or of the Kiefer compressor (20) via a gear (11).

The four cylinders of the Kiefer engine (1) can be switched by rotating part of the two-part camshaft through an angle so that two two-stage compressors are available as Kiefer compressors (20) (see drawing 2). In the cylinder (Z4), like in the cylinder (Z1), air is sucked in and compressed to the first stage and in the cylinder (Z3), like in the cylinder (Z2), the compressed air is sucked in and compressed to the second stage. The Kiefer compressor (20) is used to produce liquid air and thus to store energy.

If the four cylinders form a Kiefer engine (1) (see drawing 1), after the cylinders (Z1) and (Z2) the cooled and CO2-free compressed air reaches the cylinder (Z3) for combustion. In the top piston position, the air intake valve opens and fuel enters the cylinder via an open fuel valve or through brief injection. From a certain piston position, the intake valves are closed. Combustion and simultaneous expansion continued. The fuel gas is pushed out into the cylinder head (15) at a relatively high pressure and high temperature and from there it reaches the cylinder (Z4) to continue combustion and expansion in the second stage. The pressure tanks (2), (3) and (17) are installed to equalize the pressure.

If hydrocarbons are burned, the exhaust gas is passed through a separator (8). This could be a capacitor, for example. The substances that are harmful to the subsequent CO2 separator (9) are separated here. The exhaust gas then enters the CO2 separator (9). A membrane or an adsorbent, for example, can be installed in this. The exhaust gas freed of CO2 flows into the atmosphere and the separated CO2 is mixed with the intake air before or after the filter (7), depending on the degree of purity.

In conventional, modern internal combustion engines, the separation of CO2 from the exhaust gas is only possible with great effort, since the exhaust gas is heavily contaminated. On the other hand, it is possible to separate CO2 with the Kiefer engine (1), since the new combustion process produces almost clean exhaust gas. Due to the very long time available for combustion and the high wall temperatures of the combustion cylinder (Z3) and the intensive mixing of the combustible gas mixture, the fuel is guaranteed to be burned completely if there is an excess of oxygen. As a result, hydrocarbons and soot will not be in the exhaust gas. The few combustible lubricant molecules that are not burned in the cylinder (Z4) are separated out in the separator (8).

An admixture of CO2 in the required amount to the intake air is difficult to achieve in conventional modern internal combustion engines, since the proportion of oxygen in the intake air-CO2 mixture decreases and combustion is even more incomplete. In the Kiefer motor (1), the CO2 is separated after double compression in the CO2 separator (9), so that CO2 released compressed air enters the combustion cylinder (Z3). In order to avoid a drop in performance, the cylinders (Z1) and (Z2) can be dimensioned somewhat larger. The additional compression work in the cylinders (Z1) and (Z2) as a result of the CO2 mixed with the intake air is compensated for by the CO2 working circuit.

As the amount of CO2 in the container (18) increases, it has to be emptied after a certain time. The CO2 can be used to produce methanol or stored as a solid, e.g. in caves. The cooling required for this is supplied by the system with the working circuit with liquid air (see drawing 1, drawing 2).

The reduction in output resulting from the admixture of CO2 in the intake air can be compensated for in the Kiefer engine (1) by a steam engine process (see drawing 1) and a working cycle with liquid air (see drawing 1 and drawing 2). In the steam engine process, water is pumped into cavities in the engine block using a high-pressure pump (16). Here the steam is heated and then mixed with the high-pressure air flowing into the cylinder (3). The engine block is thereby cooled. In the working cycle with liquid air, liquid air is taken from the container (19) by a high-pressure pump (16) and forced into a heat exchanger (6). Here, the air is heated by the ambient heat and expands. It expands in the nozzle wheel (14) and flows back into the container (19) as liquid air. So that the air actually liquefies after expansion, it can be cooled to the appropriate temperature before it enters the nozzle wheel (14). To maintain the amount of liquid air in the working circuit, compressed air can be added to the working circuit by temporarily opening the tap (21).

Reference List

1

jaw motor

2, 3,

pressure vessel

4, 5, 6, 7

heat exchanger

7

filter

8th

separator

9

CO2 separator

10

cooling tube

11

transmission

12

shaft jet wheels

13

Shaft jaw motor / jaw compressor

14

jet wheel

15

cylinder head

16

high pressure pump

17

pressure vessel

18

Liquid CO2 container

19

Liquid air tank

20

pine compactor

21

Faucet

Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4

cylinder

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• DD 228321 A1 [0003]
• DE 102018001524 A1 [0004]

Claims (9)

Method and device for separating CO2, characterized in that CO2 is separated from the sucked in and doubly compressed and cooled air of a Kiefer engine 1 or a Kiefer compressor 20 in a CO2 separator 9 and that this CO2, which is under high pressure, enters a CO2 working circuit in its high-pressure line is supplied. Method and device for separating CO2 according to point 1, characterized in that in the CO2 working circuit, liquid CO2 is pressed from the container 18 by a high-pressure pump 16 into the high-pressure line, which leads through the heat exchangers 10, 4 and 5 to cool them, and that the The high-pressure CO2 is then cooled in the heat exchanger 10 to such an extent that the CO2 flowing into the nozzle wheel 14 to perform the work liquefies during the expansion therein and the liquid CO2 flows back into the container 18 . Method and device for separating CO2 according to points 1 and 2, characterized in that in the two-stage compression and two-stage relaxation pine engine 1 after the two-stage compression of air and separation of CO2, the high-pressure air in the cylinder Z3 burns with the addition of a certain amount of hydrocarbons and that the Combustion gases reach the cylinder Z4 via the cylinder head 15, in which the combustion and expansion continues, and that the combustion gases are routed from the cylinder Z4 via a CO2 separator 9, from which the exhaust gas escapes into the atmosphere and the separated CO2 of the intake air of the Kiefermotors 1 is added. Method and device for separating CO2 according to points 1 to 3, characterized in that a membrane is installed in the CO2 separator 9, which separates the CO2 molecules from all other molecules in the air or the exhaust gas. Method and device for separating CO2 according to points 1 to 4, characterized in that the gases run upstream of the CO2 separator 9 via a separator 8 which separates out all substances which are harmful to the CO2 separator 9 . Method and device for separating CO2 according to points 1 to 5, characterized in that by twisting a part of the two-part camshaft from a pine engine 1 a pine compressor 20, which consists of two two-cylinder compressors, and vice versa. Method and device for the separation of CO2 according to points 1 to 3, characterized in that a working circuit with liquid air is connected in such a way that liquid air is pressed from the container 19 into pressure lines 6 by a high-pressure pump, which is heated by the ambient heat or other heat sources so that the resulting compressed air expands and then expands and liquefies in a nozzle wheel 14, which is coupled to the shaft 13 of the Kiefer motor 1 or the Kiefer compressor 20 via a gear, and the liquid air flows back into the container 19. Method and device for separating CO2 according to points 1 to 3, characterized in that to increase the performance of the Kiefer engine 1, water is pressed by a high-pressure pump into cavities in the engine block, which are used to cool the engine block, and that the resulting high-pressure steam of the twice compressed air is mixed in the cylinder head 15. Method and device for separating CO2 according to points 1 to 3, characterized in that pressure tanks 2, 3, 17 are installed in the pressure lines to equalize the pressure.

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