DE102020214699A1 - Electrical network in a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Electrical network in a motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
DE102020214699A1
DE102020214699A1 DE102020214699.3A DE102020214699A DE102020214699A1 DE 102020214699 A1 DE102020214699 A1 DE 102020214699A1 DE 102020214699 A DE102020214699 A DE 102020214699A DE 102020214699 A1 DE102020214699 A1 DE 102020214699A1
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voltage
network
low
converter
electrical network
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DE102020214699.3A
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German (de)
Inventor
Ralf Pfennigwerth
Simon Stutz
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Volkswagen AG
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Volkswagen AG
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Priority to DE102020214699.3A priority Critical patent/DE102020214699A1/en
Priority to CN202111401363.2A priority patent/CN114523921A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0092—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption with use of redundant elements for safety purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/0067—Converter structures employing plural converter units, other than for parallel operation of the units on a single load
    • H02M1/008—Plural converter units for generating at two or more independent and non-parallel outputs, e.g. systems with plural point of load switching regulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/12—Buck converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
    • B60L2210/10—DC to DC converters
    • B60L2210/14—Boost converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J1/00—Circuit arrangements for dc mains or dc distribution networks
    • H02J1/08—Three-wire systems; Systems having more than three wires

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektrisches Netzwerk (1) in einem Kraftfahrzeug, wobei das elektrische Netzwerk (1) mindestens ein Hochspannungsnetz (2) und mindestens zwei Niederspannungsnetze (3, 4) aufweist, wobei das Hochspannungsnetz (2) und die mindestens zwei Niederspannungsnetze (3, 4) über einen galvanisch getrennten DC/DC-Wandler (8) miteinander verbunden sind, wobei der galvanisch getrennte DC/DC-Wandler (8) eine dem Hochspannungsnetz (2) zugeordnete Primärwicklung (9) aufweist und eine der Anzahl der Niederspannungsnetze (3, 4) entsprechende Anzahl von Sekundärwicklungen (10, 11) aufweist, die jeweils ihrem zugeordneten Niederspannungsnetz (3, 4) zugeordnet sind.The invention relates to an electrical network (1) in a motor vehicle, the electrical network (1) having at least one high-voltage network (2) and at least two low-voltage networks (3, 4), the high-voltage network (2) and the at least two low-voltage networks (3 , 4) are connected to one another via a galvanically isolated DC/DC converter (8), the galvanically isolated DC/DC converter (8) having a primary winding (9) assigned to the high-voltage network (2) and one of the number of low-voltage networks ( 3, 4) has a corresponding number of secondary windings (10, 11), which are each associated with their associated low-voltage network (3, 4).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektrisches Netzwerk in einem Kraftfahrzeug.The invention relates to an electrical network in a motor vehicle.

Elektro- oder Hybridfahrzeuge weisen ein elektrisches Netzwerk mit einem Hochspannungsnetz (> 60 V) und einem Niederspannungsnetz (< 60 V) auf. Das Hochspannungsnetz wird dabei auch als Traktionsnetz und das Niederspannungsnetz als Bordnetz bezeichnet. Dabei ist es auch bekannt, die beiden Teilnetze über einen galvanisch getrennten DC/DC-Wandler miteinander zu verbinden, sodass das Bordnetz aus einer Hochvoltbatterie des Hochspannungsnetzes geladen werden kann.Electric or hybrid vehicles have an electrical network with a high-voltage network (> 60 V) and a low-voltage network (< 60 V). The high-voltage network is also referred to as the traction network and the low-voltage network as the vehicle electrical system. It is also known to connect the two sub-networks to one another via a galvanically isolated DC/DC converter, so that the vehicle electrical system can be charged from a high-voltage battery of the high-voltage network.

Insbesondere bei automatisiert fahrenden Kraftfahrzeugen muss zur Gewährleistung der Ausfallsicherheit das Bordnetz redundant ausgebildet sein. Entsprechend werden zwei galvanisch getrennte DC/DC-Wandler benötigt.In the case of automated motor vehicles in particular, the vehicle electrical system must be designed to be redundant in order to ensure fail-safety. Accordingly, two galvanically isolated DC/DC converters are required.

Aus der DE 10 2012 203 612 A1 ist ein Batterieladegerät bekannt, mit einem ersten und zweiten Eingangsanschluss, einem ersten und zweiten Ausgangsanschluss und einem ersten galvanisch entkoppelten Gleichspannungswandler. Der Gleichspannungswandler weist einen primärseitigen Wechselrichter auf, welcher mit dem ersten und zweiten Eingangsanschluss gekoppelt ist. Weiter weist der Gleichspannungswandler einen Transformator mit einer primärseitigen Transformatorwicklung sowie einer ersten und zweiten sekundärseitigen Transformatorwicklung auf. Ein erster sekundärseitiger Gleichrichter ist zwischen der ersten sekundärseitigen Transformatorwicklung und den Ausgangsanschlüssen angeordnet. Ein zweiter sekundärseitiger Gleichrichter ist mit der zweiten sekundärseitigen Transformatorwicklung gekoppelt. Weiter weist das Batterieladegerät einen zweiten galvanisch entkoppelten Gleichspannungswandler auf. Der zweite galvanisch entkoppelte Gleichspannungswandler weist einen primärseitigen Wechselrichter und einen Transformator auf, der eine primärseitige und eine sekundärseitige Transformatorwicklung aufweist. Weiter ist ein sekundärseitiger Gleichrichter vorgesehen, der zwischen der sekundärseitigen Transformatorwicklung und den Ausgangsanschlüssen angeordnet ist. Das Batterieladegerät ist dazu ausgelegt, eine erste Ladespannung für eine erste Batterie (Hochvoltbatterie) an den Ausgangsanschlüssen und eine zweite Ladespannung für eine zweite Batterie (Bordnetzbatterie) an dem Ausgang des zweiten sekundärseitigen Gleichrichters des ersten galvanisch entkoppelten Gleichspannungswandlers bereitzustellen. Dabei wird weiter offenbart, dass durch Verwendung von aktiven Gleichrichterschaltungen auch eine Energieübertragung von der ersten zur zweiten sekundärseitigen Transformatorwicklung möglich ist.From the DE 10 2012 203 612 A1 a battery charger is known, with a first and second input terminal, a first and second output terminal and a first galvanically decoupled DC-DC converter. The DC-DC converter has a primary-side inverter coupled to the first and second input terminals. The DC-DC converter also has a transformer with a primary-side transformer winding and a first and second secondary-side transformer winding. A first secondary-side rectifier is arranged between the first secondary-side transformer winding and the output terminals. A second secondary rectifier is coupled to the second secondary transformer winding. The battery charger also has a second galvanically decoupled DC voltage converter. The second galvanically decoupled DC-DC converter has a primary-side inverter and a transformer, which has a primary-side and a secondary-side transformer winding. Furthermore, a secondary-side rectifier is provided, which is arranged between the secondary-side transformer winding and the output terminals. The battery charger is designed to provide a first charging voltage for a first battery (high-voltage battery) at the output terminals and a second charging voltage for a second battery (board battery) at the output of the second secondary-side rectifier of the first galvanically decoupled DC-DC converter. It is further disclosed that by using active rectifier circuits it is also possible to transfer energy from the first to the second transformer winding on the secondary side.

Der Erfindung liegt das technische Problem zugrunde, ein elektrisches Netzwerk in einem Kraftfahrzeug mit mindestens einem Hochspannungsnetz und mindestens zwei Niederspannungsnetzen schaltungstechnisch zu vereinfachen.The invention is based on the technical problem of simplifying the circuitry of an electrical network in a motor vehicle with at least one high-voltage network and at least two low-voltage networks.

Die Lösung des technischen Problems ergibt sich durch ein elektrisches Netzwerk mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.The solution to the technical problem results from an electrical network with the features of claim 1. Further advantageous refinements of the invention result from the dependent claims.

Hierzu weist das elektrische Netzwerk in einem Kraftfahrzeug mindestens ein Hochspannungsnetz und mindestens zwei Niederspannungsnetze auf, wobei das Hochspannungsnetz und die mindestens zwei Niederspannungsnetze über einen galvanisch getrennten DC/DC-Wandler miteinander verbunden sind, wobei der galvanisch getrennte DC/DC-Wandler eine dem Hochspannungsnetz zugeordnete Primärwicklung aufweist und eine der Anzahl der Niederspannungsnetze entsprechende Anzahl von Sekundärwicklungen aufweist, die jeweils ihrem zugeordneten Niederspannungsnetz zugeordnet sind. Hierdurch wird die Anzahl der benötigten Bauteile gegenüber zwei separaten DC/DC-Wandlern reduziert, da nur eine Primärseite aufgebaut werden muss.For this purpose, the electrical network in a motor vehicle has at least one high-voltage network and at least two low-voltage networks, with the high-voltage network and the at least two low-voltage networks being connected to one another via a galvanically isolated DC/DC converter, with the galvanically isolated DC/DC converter being connected to the high-voltage network has an associated primary winding and has a number of secondary windings corresponding to the number of low-voltage networks, which are each associated with their associated low-voltage network. This reduces the number of components required compared to two separate DC/DC converters, since only one primary side has to be set up.

In einer Ausführungsform ist der DC/DC-Wandler als bidirektionaler DC/DC-Wandler ausgebildet. Somit kann auch Energie von den beiden Niederspannungsnetzen in das Hochvoltnetz übertragen werden, um beispielsweise einen Zwischenkreiskondensator im Hochspannungsnetz vorzuladen. Somit kann insbesondere eine Vorladeschaltung im Hochspannungsnetz entfallen.In one embodiment, the DC/DC converter is designed as a bidirectional DC/DC converter. Energy can thus also be transferred from the two low-voltage networks to the high-voltage network, for example in order to precharge an intermediate circuit capacitor in the high-voltage network. Thus, in particular, a pre-charging circuit in the high-voltage network can be omitted.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist der DC/DC-Wandler derart ausgebildet, dass dieser Energie zwischen den Sekundärwicklungen übertragen kann. Hierdurch können die Niederspannungsnetze bei Ausfall des Hochspannungsnetzes weiter redundant betrieben werden.In a further embodiment, the DC/DC converter is designed in such a way that it can transfer energy between the secondary windings. As a result, the low-voltage grids can continue to be operated redundantly if the high-voltage grid fails.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist mindestens einem Teilnetz ein Trennelement zugeordnet. Die Trennelemente sind vorzugsweise zwischen den Wicklungen und Glättungs- bzw. In a further embodiment, a separating element is assigned to at least one sub-network. The separating elements are preferably located between the windings and smoothing or

Zwischenkreiskondensatoren angeordnet. Alternativ können die Trennelemente auch zwischen den Glättungs- bzw- Zwischenkreiskondensatoren und den Anschlüssen zu den Batterien angeordnet sein. Durch das oder die Trennelemente kann beispielsweise ein Teilnetz beim Laden abgeschaltet werden oder auch ein defektes Teilnetz abgeschaltet werden.Intermediate circuit capacitors arranged. Alternatively, the separating elements can also be arranged between the smoothing or intermediate circuit capacitors and the connections to the batteries. By means of the separating element or elements, for example, a sub-network can be switched off during charging or a defective sub-network can also be switched off.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform sind mindestens einem Teilnetz zwei Trennelemente zugeordnet, sodass dieses allpolig abgetrennt werden kann.In a further embodiment, at least one sub-network is assigned two isolating elements so that it can be isolated at all poles.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist jedem Teilnetz mindestens ein Trennelement zugeordnet, weiter vorzugsweise sind jedem Teilnetz zwei Trennelemente zugeordnet.In a further embodiment, each sub-network is assigned at least one separating element, more preferably each sub-network is assigned two separating elements.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform sind die Trennelemente als Relais und/oder Halbleiterschalter ausgebildet. Der Vorteil von Relais ist, dass diese die Teilnetze galvanisch trennen, wohingegen Halbleiterschalter schneller schalten. Dies kann auch gezielt gemischt werden, sodass mit einem Halbleiterschalter das Teilnetz schnell abgeschaltet wird, wobei dann das langsame Relais das Teilnetz wenigstens einpolig galvanisch trennt.In a further embodiment, the isolating elements are in the form of relays and/or semiconductor switches. The advantage of relays is that they galvanically isolate the sub-networks, whereas semiconductor switches switch more quickly. This can also be mixed in a targeted manner so that the sub-network is quickly switched off with a semiconductor switch, with the slow relay then galvanically isolating the sub-network at least in one pole.

Ein bevorzugtes Anwendungsgebiet ist der Einsatz in einem teil- oder vollautomatisiert fahrenden Kraftfahrzeug.A preferred area of application is use in a partially or fully automated motor vehicle.

Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert. Die einzige Figur zeigt ein schematisches Blockschaltbild eines elektrischen Netzwerks in einem Kraftfahrzeug.The invention is explained in more detail below using a preferred exemplary embodiment. The only figure shows a schematic block diagram of an electrical network in a motor vehicle.

In der 1 ist schematisch ein elektrisches Netz 1 in einem Kraftfahrzeug dargestellt. Das elektrische Netz 1 weist ein Hochspannungsnetz 2 sowie ein erstes Niederspannungsnetz 3 und ein zweites Niederspannungsnetz 4 auf. Aus Übersichtsgründen sind im Hochspannungsnetz 2 nur eine Hochvoltbatterie 5 sowie zwei Hauptschütze HS1, HS2 dargestellt. Ebenso sind für das erste Niederspannungsnetz 3 nur eine erste Bordnetzbatterie 6 und für das zweite Niederspannungsnetz 4 nur eine zweite Bordnetzbatterie 7 dargestellt. Zwischen dem Hochspannungsnetz 2 und den beiden Niederspannungsnetzen 3, 4 ist ein galvanisch getrennter DC/DC-Wandler 8 angeordnet. Der DC/DC-Wandler 8 weist eine Primärwicklung 9, eine erste Sekundärwicklung 10 und eine zweite Sekundärwicklung 11 auf. Jeder Wicklung 9-11 ist ein aktiver Gleichrichter mit mindestens vier Schaltelementen S1-S4 zugeordnet. Durch die jeweils diagonale Schaltung der Schaltelemente S1-S4 kann je nach Energieübertragungsrichtung entweder die Gleichspannung der zugehörigen Batterie 5-7 in eine Wechselspannung gewandelt werden oder aber in die Wicklung 9-11 induzierte Wechselspannung in eine Gleichspannung gleichgerichtet werden. Weiter ist jeweils ein Glättungskondensator C vorgesehen. Zwischen den Glättungskondensatoren C und den Schaltelementen S1-S4 bzw. den Wicklungen 9-11 sind jeweils zwei Trennelemente TR1, TR2 angeordnet. Die Ansteuerung der Schaltelemente S1-S4 sowie der Trennelemente TR1, TR2 erfolgt dabei über mindestens ein nicht dargestelltes Steuergerät.In the 1 an electrical network 1 is shown schematically in a motor vehicle. The electrical network 1 has a high-voltage network 2 and a first low-voltage network 3 and a second low-voltage network 4 . For reasons of clarity, only one high-voltage battery 5 and two main contactors HS1, HS2 are shown in the high-voltage network 2 . Likewise, only a first vehicle electrical system battery 6 is shown for the first low-voltage network 3 and only a second vehicle electrical system battery 7 is shown for the second low-voltage network 4 . A galvanically isolated DC/DC converter 8 is arranged between the high-voltage network 2 and the two low-voltage networks 3, 4. The DC/DC converter 8 has a primary winding 9 , a first secondary winding 10 and a second secondary winding 11 . Each winding 9-11 is assigned an active rectifier with at least four switching elements S1-S4. By connecting the switching elements S1-S4 diagonally, depending on the energy transmission direction, either the DC voltage of the associated battery 5-7 can be converted into an AC voltage or the AC voltage induced in the winding 9-11 can be rectified into a DC voltage. A smoothing capacitor C is also provided in each case. Two isolating elements TR1, TR2 are arranged between the smoothing capacitors C and the switching elements S1-S4 or the windings 9-11. The switching elements S1-S4 and the isolating elements TR1, TR2 are controlled via at least one control unit (not shown).

Soll die erste Bordnetzbatterie 6 und/oder die zweite Bordnetzbatterie 7 aus der Hochvoltbatterie 5 geladen werden, so wird in der Primärwicklung 9 eine Wechselspannung erzeugt, die dann in den Sekundärwicklungen 10, 11 eine Spannung induziert, die dann gleichgerichtet wird und einen Ladestrom verursacht. Soll eine der beiden Bordnetzbatterien 6, 7 nicht geladen werden, so wird diese durch Öffnen der zugeordneten Trennelemente TR1, TR2 abgekoppelt. Auch bei einem defekten Schaltelement S1-S4 kann das zugehörige Teilnetz durch die Trennelemente TR1, TR2 abgekoppelt werden, sodass es keine Rückwirkungen gibt.If the first vehicle electrical system battery 6 and/or the second vehicle electrical system battery 7 is to be charged from the high-voltage battery 5, an AC voltage is generated in the primary winding 9, which then induces a voltage in the secondary windings 10, 11, which is then rectified and causes a charging current. If one of the two vehicle electrical system batteries 6, 7 is not to be charged, then this is decoupled by opening the associated separating elements TR1, TR2. Even with a defective switching element S1-S4, the associated sub-network can be decoupled by the isolating elements TR1, TR2, so that there are no repercussions.

Soll hingegen ein Zwischenkreiskondensator des Hochspannungsnetzes 2 vorgeladen werden, so werden die Gleichspannungen der ersten und/oder zweiten Bordnetzbatterie 6, 7 in eine Wechselspannung gewandelt, die eine Wechselspannung in der Primärwicklung 9 induziert, die dann gleichgerichtet wird und den Zwischenkreiskondensator auflädt. Dabei kann der Glättungskondensator C auf der Hochvoltseite auch als Zwischenkreiskondensator genutzt werden.If, on the other hand, an intermediate circuit capacitor of the high-voltage network 2 is to be precharged, the direct voltages of the first and/or second vehicle electrical system battery 6, 7 are converted into an alternating voltage, which induces an alternating voltage in the primary winding 9, which is then rectified and charges the intermediate circuit capacitor. The smoothing capacitor C on the high-voltage side can also be used as an intermediate circuit capacitor.

Des Weiteren kann auch über die beiden Sekundärwicklungen 10, 11 eine Energieübertragung erfolgen, sodass die erste Bordnetzbatterie 6 die zweite Bordnetzbatterie 7 lädt oder umgekehrt. Dies ist beispielsweise wichtig, wenn ein defektes Hochspannungsnetz 2 abgeschaltet werden muss. Es versteht sich, dass das Prinzip auch auf mehr als zwei Niederspannungsnetze 3, 4 angewendet werden kann.Furthermore, energy can also be transmitted via the two secondary windings 10, 11, so that the first vehicle electrical system battery 6 charges the second vehicle electrical system battery 7 or vice versa. This is important, for example, when a defective high-voltage network 2 has to be switched off. It goes without saying that the principle can also be applied to more than two low-voltage networks 3, 4.

BezugszeichenlisteReference List

11
elektrisches NetzElectrical network
22
Hochspannungsnetzhigh voltage grid
33
erstes Niederspannungsnetzfirst low-voltage grid
44
zweites Niederspannungsnetzsecond low-voltage network
55
Hochvoltbatteriehigh-voltage battery
66
erste Bordnetzbatteriefirst on-board battery
77
zweite Bordnetzbatteriesecond on-board battery
88th
DC/DC-WandlerDC/DC converter
99
Primärwicklungprimary winding
1010
erste Sekundärwicklungfirst secondary winding
1111
zweite Sekundärwicklungsecond secondary winding
S1-S4S1-S4
Schaltelementeswitching elements
TR1-TR2TR1-TR2
Trennelementeseparators
HS1, HS2HS1, HS2
Hauptschützemain gunner
CC
Glättungskondensatorsmoothing capacitor

ZITATE ENTHALTEN IN DER BESCHREIBUNGQUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

Diese Liste der vom Anmelder aufgeführten Dokumente wurde automatisiert erzeugt und ist ausschließlich zur besseren Information des Lesers aufgenommen. Die Liste ist nicht Bestandteil der deutschen Patent- bzw. Gebrauchsmusteranmeldung. Das DPMA übernimmt keinerlei Haftung für etwaige Fehler oder Auslassungen.This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Zitierte PatentliteraturPatent Literature Cited

  • DE 102012203612 A1 [0004]DE 102012203612 A1 [0004]

Claims (7)

Elektrisches Netzwerk (1) in einem Kraftfahrzeug, wobei das elektrische Netzwerk (1) mindestens ein Hochspannungsnetz (2) und mindestens zwei Niederspannungsnetze (3, 4) aufweist, wobei das Hochspannungsnetz (2) und die mindestens zwei Niederspannungsnetze (3, 4) über einen galvanisch getrennten DC/DC-Wandler (8) miteinander verbunden sind, wobei der galvanisch getrennte DC/DC-Wandler (8) eine dem Hochspannungsnetz (2) zugeordnete Primärwicklung (9) aufweist und eine der Anzahl der Niederspannungsnetze (3, 4) entsprechende Anzahl von Sekundärwicklungen (10, 11) aufweist, die jeweils ihrem zugeordneten Niederspannungsnetz (3, 4) zugeordnet sind.Electrical network (1) in a motor vehicle, the electrical network (1) having at least one high-voltage network (2) and at least two low-voltage networks (3, 4), the high-voltage network (2) and the at least two low-voltage networks (3, 4) having a galvanically isolated DC/DC converter (8), the galvanically isolated DC/DC converter (8) having a primary winding (9) assigned to the high-voltage network (2) and one of the number of low-voltage networks (3, 4) has a corresponding number of secondary windings (10, 11), which are each associated with their associated low-voltage network (3, 4). Elektrisches Netzwerk nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der DC/DC-Wandler (8) als bidirektionaler DC/DC-Wandler (8) ausgebildet ist.Electrical network after claim 1 , characterized in that the DC / DC converter (8) is designed as a bidirectional DC / DC converter (8). Elektrisches Netzwerk nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der DC/DC-Wandler (8) derart ausgebildet ist, dass dieser Energie zwischen den Sekundärwicklungen (10, 11) übertragen kann.Electrical network according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the DC/DC converter (8) is designed in such a way that it can transfer energy between the secondary windings (10, 11). Elektrisches Netzwerk nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens einem Teilnetz (2-4) mindestens ein Trennschalter (TR1, TR2) zugeordnet ist.Electrical network according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one isolating switch (TR1, TR2) is assigned to at least one sub-network (2-4). Elektrisches Netzwerk nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass dem mindestens einem Teilnetz (2-4) zwei Trennschalter (TR1, TR2) zugeordnet sind.Electrical network after claim 4 , characterized in that the at least one sub-network (2-4) has two isolating switches (TR1, TR2) assigned to it. Elektrisches Netzwerk nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedem Teilnetz (2-4) mindestens ein Trennschalter (TR1, TR2) zugeordnet ist.Electrical network after claim 4 or 5 , characterized in that each sub-network (2-4) is assigned at least one isolating switch (TR1, TR2). Elektrisches Netzwerk nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trennelemente (TR1, TR2) als Relais und/oder Halbleiterschalter ausgebildet sind.Electrical network according to one of Claims 4 until 6 , characterized in that the isolating elements (TR1, TR2) are designed as relays and/or semiconductor switches.
DE102020214699.3A 2020-11-23 2020-11-23 Electrical network in a motor vehicle Pending DE102020214699A1 (en)

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