DE102020212233A1 - Adhesive tape for wrapping elongate goods, in particular cable harnesses and methods for wrapping - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an adhesive tape, in particular for wrapping cables, comprising a textile backing and a pressure-sensitive adhesive applied to at least one side of the backing in the form of a thickened, dried polymer dispersion, the unthickened, dried polymer dispersion containing: (a) 30.0 to 98 0% by weight monomeric acrylates(b) 0 to 50.0% by weight ethylenically unsaturated comonomers other than acrylates(c) 1.0 to 10.0% by weight tackifiers (d) 1.0 to 10 0 wt of 10/s and a viscosity of 3000 Pa*s up to 8000 Pa*s, preferably 4000 Pa*s up to 6000 Pa*s at a shear rate of 0.01/s.

Description

The invention relates to an adhesive tape for wrapping elongate goods, such as in particular cable harnesses in automobiles, and methods for wrapping.

Adhesive tapes have been used in industry for the manufacture of cable harnesses for some time. The adhesive tapes are used for bundling a large number of electrical lines before installation or in an already assembled state, for example to reduce the space requirement of the line bundle by bandaging and to achieve additional protective functions such as protection against mechanical and/or thermal stress. Common forms of adhesive tapes include film or textile backings, which are generally coated on one side with PSAs. Adhesive tapes for wrapping elongate goods are, for example, from EP 1 848 006 A2 , the DE 10 2013 213 726 A1 and the EP 2 497 805 A1 famous.

With film adhesive tapes, a certain protection against the ingress of liquid is achieved, with airy and voluminous adhesive tapes based on thick non-woven fabrics or foams as a carrier, dampening properties are obtained, when using abrasion-resistant, stable carrier materials, a protective function against chafing and rubbing is achieved. Abrasion-resistant fabrics with additional coatings provide special protection against impact.

In addition to classic vehicles with internal combustion engines, hybrid electric vehicles (HEV) and electric cars with batteries (Battery Electric Vehicle, BEV) are becoming increasingly important. A hybrid electric vehicle is a vehicle with a hybrid drive, i.e. an electric vehicle that is driven by at least one electric motor and another energy converter and draws energy both from its electrical storage device (battery) and from additional fuel that is carried along. A fully electric vehicle is powered solely by a battery-powered electric motor and therefore requires no fossil fuel. The battery is charged via external power packs.

In all motor vehicles, the number of electrical cables is increasing due to the increased use of electrical components, while at the same time the installation space for the wiring harness is becoming increasingly smaller, particularly in small motor vehicles. The construction of electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles also requires more electrical wiring. The use of electrical voltages above 42 V requires additional protection for the cables, which must also ensure protection in special accident situations beyond normal use of the vehicle.

In the automotive industry, adhesive tapes for cable sheathing are tested and classified according to extensive standards such as LV 312-1 “Protection systems for wiring harnesses in motor vehicles, adhesive tapes; Test Guideline" (10/2009) as a common standard of the companies Daimler, Audi, BMW and Volkswagen or the Ford specification ES-XU5T-1A303-aa (Revision 09/2009) "Harness Tape Performance Specification"). In the following, these standards are abbreviated to LV 312 or the Ford specification.

1. a. leichte Abwickelbarkeit:
   • Das in Rollenform dargereichte Produkt muss für eine einfache Verarbeitung leicht abwickelbar sein.
2. b. Kabelverträglichkeit:
   • Die Kabelisolierung darf nicht durch den Einfluss des Klebebandes in Kombination mit erhöhter Temperatur über längeren Zeitraum verspröden. Unterschieden wird hier nach der LV 312 zwischen vier Temperaturklassen T1 bis T4, entsprechend 80 °C (auch Temperaturklasse A genannt), 105 °C (auch Temperaturklasse B (105) genannt), 125 °C (auch Temperaturklasse C genannt) und 150 °C (auch Temperaturklasse D genannt), denen die umwickelten Kabel ohne Versprödung über 3000 h standhalten müssen. Es versteht sich von selbst, dass die Temperaturklassen T3 und T4 höhere Ansprüche an das Klebeband stellen als die unteren Klassen T1 und T2. Über die Einstufung T1 bis T4 entscheidet sowohl das Kabelisolierungsmaterial, als auch Haftklebemasse und Trägertyp.
3. c. Chemikalienverträglichkeit beziehungsweise Verträglichkeit mit Medien im Motorraum
4. d. Gute Klebkraft Die Klebkraft muss bei Biegebeanspruchung auf unebenen, ungleichmäßigen Untergründen wie Kabelsträngen, Wellrohren und Abzweigungen ausreichend sein. Dazu kommen noch Biege- und Zugbeanspruchung bei der Herstellung, dem Einbau und der späteren Nutzung im Motorraum eines Automobils oder auch in der Karosserie mit ständiger Biegebeanspruchung beim Öffnen von Türen.

Cable wrapping tapes with film and textile backings, which are generally coated on one side with different pressure-sensitive adhesives, are widespread. These cable wraps must meet four main requirements.

1. a. easy unwindability:
   • The product presented in roll form must be easy to unwind for easy processing.
2. b. Cable Compatibility:
   • The cable insulation must not become brittle over a long period of time due to the influence of the adhesive tape in combination with increased temperatures. According to LV 312, a distinction is made between four temperature classes T1 to T4, corresponding to 80 °C (also called temperature class A), 105 °C (also called temperature class B (105)), 125 °C (also called temperature class C) and 150 °C C (also called temperature class D), which the wrapped cables have to withstand for more than 3000 hours without becoming brittle. It goes without saying that the temperature classes T3 and T4 place higher demands on the adhesive tape than the lower classes T1 and T2. The classification T1 to T4 depends on the cable insulation material, pressure-sensitive adhesive and carrier type.
3. c. Chemical compatibility or compatibility with media in the engine compartment
4. i.e. Good adhesive strength The adhesive strength must be sufficient for bending stress on uneven, uneven surfaces such as cable looms, corrugated pipes and junctions. In addition, there are flexural and tensile stresses during manufacture, installation and later use in the engine compartment of an automobile or in the body with constant flexural stress when doors are opened.

Since the end of the adhesive tape is ideally glued to its own reverse side, there must be good instant adhesion (tack) on this substrate so that the adhesive tape does not flag off at the beginning. In order to permanently guarantee a flagging-free product, the anchoring on the substrate and the internal strength of the adhesive must be so pronounced that the adhesive bond also survives under the influence of tension (tensile and bending stress). When wrapping a cable set, the tape is applied from not at all to completely overlapping the cable, which usually has a small radius, so that the tape is very strongly curved. At the end of a winding section, the tape is usually wound predominantly onto its own rear side, so that the degree of overlap is almost complete, similar to the usual presentation as a roll of adhesive tape, where the adhesive is also bonded to its own rear side. When flagging, static forces act, for example due to the flexural rigidity of the carrier and the winding tension, which can lead to the open ends of the adhesive tape standing up in an undesirable manner, similar to the beginning of automatic unwinding. Thus, flag resistance is the ability of the adhesive to withstand this static force.

In the case of an adhesive tape wrapped around a body, flagging is understood to mean the tendency of one end of the adhesive tape to stick out. The cause is a combination of the holding power of the adhesive, the rigidity of the carrier and the diameter of the cable harness.

The resistance to flagging of Wire Harnessing (WH) cable wrapping tapes is verified using the TFT method (Threshold Flagging Time). A limit value of well over 1000 min TFT, preferably over 2000 min TFT, is defined as the target value for a perfectly flagging-free tissue product.

The realization of easily unrollable adhesive tapes while maintaining good technical adhesive properties represents a major challenge because both properties seem to be mutually exclusive. Because the essential criteria for single-sided adhesive cable wrapping tapes with adapted unwinding force and sufficiently high adhesive strength are in stark contrast to each other. While good bond strength values and an associated low flagging potential require good flow and anchoring behavior of the PSA, these criteria tend to be a hindrance to pleasant unwind behavior.

Since, in the case of textile backing materials, reducing the unwind force by means of release agents can only be achieved at great expense, the layers of adhesive tape are wound directly on top of one another and the adhesive bonded to the back of the lower layer of tape in each case. In order to ensure unwinding without adhesive residues on the back of the backing, the highest demands are placed on a balanced relationship between cohesion and adhesion.

For example, cable wrapping tapes with pressure-sensitive adhesives based on natural rubber usually have good flag-off resistance, but they exhibit an unwind force that increases over the storage period and with increasing temperatures. In addition, they only meet the lower temperature classes for cable compatibility.

the WO 2006/015816 A1 discloses PSAs based on synthetic rubber with photoinitiators. EP 1 431 360 A2 discloses self-winding adhesive tapes with a thermally bonded fleece with a basis weight of 10 to 50 g/m ² and UV-crosslinked acrylate adhesive. Fabric adhesive tapes are also known which are based on a crosslinked acrylate hotmelt mass, mostly pure acrylate, and are classified according to LV 312 in temperature class D (150° C.). These have a low mass anchoring and lead to mass windings on smooth carrier surfaces. Fabric adhesive tapes based on an acrylate dispersion mass and classified according to LV 312 in temperature class D (150° C.) are also known. Fleece adhesive tapes are also known which are based on a crosslinked acrylate hotmelt mass, mostly pure acrylate, and which are classified according to LV 312 in temperature class C (125° C.). All fabric products have the same adhesive mass, which is adjusted to the respective requirements through mass application and UV crosslinking. A disadvantage of their application on the cable harness is the merk slightly protruding tape ends when these standard range adhesive tapes are applied to critical windings such as branches, transitions, small diameters, etc. Although the level of unwind force can be easily controlled with the help of the selected application of mass and, above all, UV crosslinking, this is accompanied by the undesirable side effects of significantly reduced adhesive forces and an incalculable risk of flagging. In addition, acrylate hotmelt adhesives can only be mixed under difficult conditions in order to incorporate resins or fillers. Against the background of cost savings, the use of fillers in mass design is known.

The cable insulation must not become brittle over a long period of time due to the influence of the adhesive tape in combination with increased temperatures. According to LV 312, a distinction is made between four temperature classes T1 to T4, corresponding to 80 °C (also called temperature class A), 105 °C (also called temperature class B(105)), 125 °C (also called temperature class C). ) and 150 °C (also called temperature class D), which the wrapped cables have to withstand for more than 3000 h without becoming brittle. It goes without saying that the temperature classes T3 and T4 place higher demands on the adhesive tape than the lower classes T1 and T2. The classification T1 to T4 depends on the cable insulation material as well as the pressure-sensitive adhesive and the type of backing.

The realization of easily unrollable adhesive tapes (for cable bandaging) while maintaining good adhesive properties at the same time represents a major challenge, because both properties seem to be mutually exclusive, because the essential criteria for cable wrapping tapes that are adhesive on one side, adapted unwinding force and sufficiently high adhesive strength, are in stark contrast to each other. While good bond strength values and an associated low flagging potential require good flow and anchoring behavior of the PSA, these criteria tend to be a hindrance to pleasant unwind behavior.

Plasticizers are added to plastics such as cable sheathing or sheathing to make them permanently flexible, supple and elastic. Plasticizers can be low-volatile resins, esters or oils.

The function of the plasticizer is to shift the thermoplastic range to lower temperatures. Known plasticizers include, for example, DOP (dioctyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate), DINP (diisononyl phthalate), TOTM (trioctyl trimellitate) or DIDP (diisodecyl phthalate).

External plasticizers are often used that are not covalently bound into the polymer, but interact with the polymer via polar groups to enable the polymer chains to move, such as diethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), dioctyl phthalate (DOP) as plasticizers for PVC and elastomers. Other plasticizers include citric acid-based plasticizers such as triethyl citric acid or adipic acid-based plasticizers such as diethylhexyl adipate and diethyloctyl adipate. The diffusion of these external plasticizers from the plastics of the cable insulation can be significantly reduced by the adhesive tapes of the invention with PSAs.

The internal plasticizers are understood as meaning those which are present during the copolymerization and are polymerized in and subsequently cannot diffuse out of the polymer.

Acrylate adhesives generally have a very high affinity for common PVC plasticizers, which in the case of the so-called monomer plasticizers such as DINP, DIDP or TOTM leads to a strong migration tendency of the same. It is also known that when PVC-insulated cable lines are used, over time and above all under thermal stress, there is a strong migration of plasticizers until an equilibrium is established between the insulation and the adhesive tape or adhesive. As a result, the cable sheaths/cable silos become undesirably brittle. In combination with aging effects (oxidation, release of plasticizers into the environment, degradation, mechanical loads, etc.), increased plasticizer migration leads to premature failure of the cable insulation due to embrittlement. This is also known as the brittle gap in soft PVC.

There are primarily two known measures for reducing or avoiding plasticizer migration: Thus, a) the equilibrium can be set in advance by adding plasticizer to the adhesive during the production process. However, this often leads to drastic changes in the adhesive properties, up to and including complete cohesive failure of the mass. Alternatively, b) close-meshed crosslinking of the adhesive can be carried out to create an effective barrier, However, this can also have dramatic effects on the adhesive technology, or finely divided fillers that are able to build up a network can be used.

The object of the present invention is to provide an adhesive tape whose unwind forces can be adjusted over a wide range, i.e. which can be unwound easily, which has good cable compatibility across all temperature classes mentioned for applications in the field of cable bandaging (wire harnessing applications (WH)), i.e. excellent compatibility with all common cable insulations, especially according to the reference spectrum of cables in LV 312, and which enables the particularly simple, inexpensive and quick sheathing of elongated goods such as cable harnesses in automobiles.

This problem is solved by an adhesive tape as set out in the main claim. The subclaims relate to advantageous developments of the adhesive tape and methods for using the adhesive tape.

1. (a) 30,0 bis 98,0 Gew.-% monomere Acrylate
2. (b) 0 bis 50,0 Gew.-% ethylenisch ungesättigte Comonomere, die keine Acrylate sind
3. (c) 1,0 bis 10,0 Gew.-% Klebrigmacher
4. (d) 1,0 bis 10,0 Gew.-% Kaolin

Accordingly, the invention relates to an adhesive tape, in particular for wrapping cables, comprising a textile backing and a pressure-sensitive adhesive applied to at least one side of the backing in the form of a thickened, dried polymer dispersion, the unthickened, dried polymer dispersion containing:

1. (a) 30.0 to 98.0% by weight of monomeric acrylates
2. (b) 0 to 50.0% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated comonomers other than acrylates
3. (c) 1.0 to 10.0% by weight tackifier
4. (d) 1.0 to 10.0% by weight kaolin

A rheology additive is added to the polymer dispersion so that the polymer dispersion has a viscosity of 40 Pa*s up to 100 Pa*s at a shear rate of 10/s and a viscosity of 3000 Pa*s up to 8000 Pa*s at a shear rate of 10/s before drying shear rate of 0.01/s.

Preferably, before drying, the polymer dispersion has a viscosity of 50 Pa*s up to 80 Pa*s at a shear rate of 10/s and a viscosity of 4000 Pa*s up to 6000 Pa*s at a shear rate of 0.01/s on.

According to a preferred variant of the invention, the PSA comprises between 0.1 and up to 5 parts by weight of thickener, based on the mass of the dried polymer dispersion.

As monomeric acrylates are presently understood those acrylates in which the acrylate has a carbonyl group (C = O) such as preferably all monomeric acrylates with an optionally functionalized parent structure C = C (C = O) -, so that acrylamides to the Acrylates are counted and acrylonitriles to the ethylenically unsaturated comonomers.
The monomeric acrylates are mono-, di- and/or poly-functional acrylates.
More preferably, the ethylenically unsaturated comonomers are selected from ethylene-containing monomers, vinyl-functional monomers and unsaturated hydrocarbons having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, based on the polymers.

In contrast to acrylate hotmelts and solvent-based acrylates, acrylate dispersions, especially aqueous acrylate dispersions, are characterized by the fact that the polymer balls that result from the individual dispersion balls are still separated to a certain extent (see, among other things, the BASF handbook on coating technology , Artur Goldschmidt, Hans-Joachim Streitberger, 2002, Chapter 3.1.2.1, .1.5, p. 337 ff.).

In the case of acrylate dispersions, it does not make sense to determine the molecular weight due to the high gel content. The high gel content results from the chain transfer reactions in the dispersion particles. In the case of emulsion polymerization in particular, the probability of such a crosslinking is high, since the dispersion particles only contain growing polymer chains and monomers, so that this crosslinking is greatly increased compared to solvent polymerization. The special feature of the acrylate dispersions, especially the aqueous acrylate dispersions, is that this type of crosslinking results in branched molecules with a high molecular weight in the delimited space of the dispersion particles. The high gel value of the acrylate dispersions also describes well the situation that they are often used without further Crosslinking can be used as PSAs; unlike acrylate hotmelts or solvent-based acrylate adhesives, which usually have to be post-crosslinked. Typical acrylate hotmelt masses have a low gel value of 10%.

In contrast, the polymeric acrylate dispersions used in the pressure-sensitive adhesives of the invention, in particular dried originally aqueous acrylate dispersions, have a gel index of greater than or equal to 40%, which can be determined by means of Soxhlet extraction, in particular greater than or equal to 45%. Typical acrylate dispersions that can be used according to the invention are DE 10 2011 075 156 A1 , DE 10 2011 075 159 A1 , DE 10 2011 075 152 A1 and DE10 2011 075 160 A1 described. With regard to the acrylate dispersions which can be used according to the invention, reference is made in full to these documents. These old acrylic dispersions are also explained in more detail below.

A particular advantage of the pressure-sensitive adhesives of the invention lies in the simple and economical individual adjustment of the PSA via the amount of kaolins and in the simple and economical individual adjustment of the acrylate dispersions to the particular requirements and the desired backing material. A second advantage is that any desired crosslinking of the resin-modified acrylate dispersions after drying in the coating process can easily be carried out from the mass side using EBC in order to set the optimum of cohesion and adhesion. A significant advantage, which is reflected in the properties of the acrylate dispersions, is that the acrylate dispersions - in contrast to hotmelt and solvent-based adhesives - retain a certain degree of separation of the polymer balls that emerge from the individual dispersion balls.

EBC irradiation, which is possible according to the invention, creates a wide-meshed crosslinking within the polymer balls and leads to an increase in the molecular weight in the polymer balls. Advantageously, there is almost no crosslinking between the polymer balls, so that the mass remains readily flowable and enables good wetting of the substrate. This phenomenon can be documented by means of rheological investigations (such as DMA, dynamic mechanical analysis).

The pressure-sensitive adhesives of the invention offer particular advantages through very simple miscibility with predispersed resins, auxiliaries, fillers, aging inhibitors, etc. It is even possible to adjust the pressure-sensitive adhesives to be used according to the invention, including acrylate dispersions, so that they have sufficient cohesion even without additional crosslinking (ESH crosslinking). and at the same time can be used with good values for the unwind forces on finished adhesive tape rolls.

The invention relates to an adhesive tape with PSA applied to one side of the backing, whose weight per unit area is less than or equal to 160 g/m ² , in particular less than or equal to 120 g/m ² , preferably less than or equal to 90 g/m ² , particularly preferably less than or equal to 80 g /m ² , preferably less than or equal to 70 g/m ² and in alternatives also less than or equal to 60 g/m ² and less than or equal to 50 g/m ² , each with a fluctuation range of plus/minus 2 g/m ² , preferably with plus/ minus 1 g/m ² .

The invention also provides adhesive tapes with a pressure-sensitive adhesive applied to one side of the backing and a backing which is impregnated with an additional acrylate dispersion, this acrylate dispersion not being included in the weight per unit area of the pressure-sensitive adhesive. The impregnation can be applied with a basis weight of less than or equal to 30 g/m ² , in particular less than or equal to 25 g/m ² , preferably less than or equal to 20 g/m ² , particularly preferably less than or equal to 10 g/m ² , with a fluctuation range of in each case plus or minus 5 g/m ² . A feature of the acrylate dispersions used for the impregnation is that, in the dried state, they preferably have very little or no pressure-sensitive adhesive properties. It is therefore possible to use acrylate dispersions or optionally also polyurethane, rubber-based or SBR impregnations which, in the dried state, preferably have only very little or no pressure-sensitive adhesive properties. This prevents the layers from blocking on the bale. Optionally, acrylate dispersions according to the invention with little or no tacky properties, ie without resins, can be used. Supports which are not impregnated, in particular with an acrylate dispersion, are preferred.

1. (I) a) monomeren Acrylaten zu 30,0 bis 88,0, Gew.-% und 0,0 bis 2,0 Gew.-% eines di- oder mehrfunktionellen Monomers, besonders vorzugsweise zu 0,0 bis 1,0 Gew.-% eines di- oder mehrfunktionellen Monomers,
   • b) ethylenisch ungesättigten Comonomeren zu 10,0 bis 48,0 Gew.-% ausgewählt aus mindestens einem ethylenisch ungesättigten monofunktionellen Monomer oder einer Mischung aus diesen und aus einem oder mehreren ethylenisch ungesättigten Monomeren mit einer Säure- oder Säureanhydridfunktion, wobei letztere 0,0 bis 10,0 Gew.-% der maximal 10 Gew.-% ausmachen,
   • c) 1,0 bis 10,0 Gew.-% Klebrigmacher
   • d) 1,0 bis 10,0 Gew.-% Kaolin oder
2. (II) a) monomeren Acrylaten zu 68,0 bis 97,0 Gew.-% und 0,0 bis 2,0 Gew.-% eines di- oder mehrfunktionellen Monomers, besonders vorzugsweise zu 0,0 bis 1,0 Gew.-% eines di- oder mehrfunktionellen Monomers,
   • b) ethylenisch ungesättigten Comonomeren zu 1,0 bis 10,0 Gew.-% ausgewählt aus mindestens einem ethylenisch ungesättigten monofunktionellen Monomer oder einer Mischung aus diesen und aus einem oder mehreren ethylenisch ungesättigten Monomeren mit einer Säure- oder Säureanhydridfunktion, wobei letztere 0,0 bis 10,0 Gew.-% der maximal 10 Gew.-% ausmachen,
   • c) 1,0 bis 10,0 Gew.-% Klebrigmacher
   • d) 1,0 bis 10,0 Gew.-% Kaolin

wobei die Acrylatdispersion hergestellt wird, indem die Monomere gemäß (I) und/oder (II) in einer Emulsionspolymerisation umgesetzt werden.According to preferred embodiments, the adhesive tape, in particular for wrapping cables, comprises a carrier and a pressure-sensitive adhesive applied to at least one side of the carrier and comprising a dried acrylate dispersion, the acrylate dispersion, in particular the undried acrylate dispersion, comprising polymers which are built up or are obtainable from

1. (I) a) monomeric acrylates at 30.0 to 88.0% by weight and 0.0 to 2.0% by weight of a difunctional or polyfunctional monomer, particularly preferably at 0.0 to 1.0% by weight % of a di- or more functional monomer,
   • b) 10.0 to 48.0% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated comonomers selected from at least one ethylenically unsaturated monofunctional monomer or a mixture of these and from one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers having an acid or acid anhydride function, the latter containing 0.0 up to 10.0% by weight of the maximum 10% by weight,
   • c) 1.0 to 10.0% by weight tackifier
   • d) 1.0 to 10.0% by weight of kaolin or
2. (II) a) monomeric acrylates at 68.0 to 97.0% by weight and 0.0 to 2.0% by weight of a di- or polyfunctional monomer, particularly preferably at 0.0 to 1.0% by weight. -% of a di- or more functional monomer,
   • b) 1.0 to 10.0% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated comonomers selected from at least one ethylenically unsaturated monofunctional monomer or a mixture of these and from one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers having an acid or acid anhydride function, the latter containing 0.0 up to 10.0% by weight of the maximum 10% by weight,
   • c) 1.0 to 10.0% by weight tackifier
   • d) 1.0 to 10.0% by weight kaolin

the acrylate dispersion being prepared by reacting the monomers according to (I) and/or (II) in an emulsion polymerization.

According to further preferred embodiments, the acrylate dispersion comprises polymers which are built up or are obtainable from a) monomeric acrylates which are selected from alkyl (meth)acrylates such as n-butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, preferably C ₁ - to C ₂₀ -alkyl (meth) acrylates, C ₁ - to C ₁₀ -hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates such as in particular hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, acid amides such as acrylamide or methacrylamide, and mixtures of two or more of the monomers, and from b) ethylenically unsaturated comonomers, the are selected from ethylene, aromatic vinyl monomers such as styrene, α-methylstyrene and vinyl toluene, divinylbenzene, vinyl esters of carboxylic acids containing up to 20 carbon atoms such as vinyl laurate, vinyl ethers of alcohols containing up to 10 carbon atoms such as vinyl methyl ether or vinyl isobutyl ether, vinyl halides such as vinyl chloride or vinylidene dichloride, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and/or maleic anhydride, acrylonitrile and/or or methacrylonitrile, unsaturated hydrocarbons having 3 to 8 carbon atoms such as propene, butadiene, isoprene, 1-hexene or 1-octene and mixtures of two or more comonomers.

The ethylenically unsaturated monomers having an acid or acid anhydride function are preferably selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and/or maleic anhydride

According to further preferred embodiments, the acrylate dispersion comprises polymers which are built up or obtainable from a) monomeric acrylates selected from acrylic acid or methacrylic acid, n-butyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate such as 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and mixtures of two or more monomers and difunctional or polyfunctional monomers are selected from alkyl diacrylates such as 1,2-ethylene glycol diacrylate, 1,4-butanediol diacrylate, 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate, 1,8-octanediol diacrylate or 1,12-dodecanediol diacrylate, and triacrylates such as trimethylolpropane triacrylate, and tetraacrylates such as pentaerythritol tetraacrylate and optionally in combination with the monomeric comonomers mentioned under b).

Typical particle sizes of the dispersed polymers according to the invention range from 20 nm to 10 μm. The polymer dispersion is prepared by the process of emulsion polymerization of the components mentioned. Descriptions of this process can be found, for example, in "Emulsion Polymerization and Emulsion Polymers" by Peter A. Lovell and Mohamed S. EI-Aasser - Wiley-VCH 1997 - ISBN 0-471-96746-7 or in EP 1 378 527 B1 .

During the polymerization, it cannot be ruled out that not all of the monomers are converted into polymers. It is obvious that the residual monomer content should be as small as possible. Preferred Adhesives are provided comprising the polymer dispersion with a residual monomer content of less than or equal to 1% by weight, in particular less than or equal to 0.5% by weight (based on the mass of the dried polymer dispersion).

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, crosslinkers, ie compounds capable of crosslinking, are added to the PSA.
As used herein, the term crosslinker refers to chemical compounds that are capable of linking molecular chains together to form three-dimensional crosslinked structures from the two-dimensional structures via the formation of intermolecular bridges.
Crosslinkers are those - in particular bi- or polyfunctional, usually low molecular weight - compounds which, under the selected crosslinking conditions, can react with suitable - in particular functional - groups of the polymers to be crosslinked, thus linking two or more polymers or polymer sites together ("bridges") and thus creating a network of the polymer to be crosslinked or the polymers to be crosslinked. This usually leads to an increase in cohesion.

Typical examples of crosslinkers are chemical compounds that have two or more identical or different functional groups within the molecule or at the two ends of the molecule and can consequently crosslink molecules of the same or else different structures with one another. In addition, a crosslinker can react with the reactive monomer or reactive resin, as defined above, without actual polymerization occurring. In contrast to the activator, as described above, a crosslinker can be built into the polymer network.

In addition to the acrylate polymers listed, additives such as light stabilizers or antiaging agents can also be added to the pressure-sensitive adhesive in the amounts specified below, in addition to any residual monomers present. In particular, no further polymers such as elastomers are present in the PSA, ie the polymers of the PSA consist only of the monomers in the ratios stated.

The adhesive is a pressure-sensitive adhesive, ie an adhesive which allows a permanent connection to almost all substrates even under relatively light pressure and can be detached again from the substrate after use essentially without leaving any residue. At room temperature, a pressure-sensitive adhesive has a permanently tacky effect, ie it has a sufficiently low viscosity and high initial tack, so that it wets the surface of the respective substrate even with little contact pressure. The bondability of the adhesive is based on its adhesive properties and its redetachability on its cohesive properties.

To achieve pressure-sensitive adhesive properties, the adhesive must be above its glass transition temperature at the processing temperature in order to have viscoelastic properties. Since the wiring harness is wound at normal ambient temperature (approximately between 15° C. and 25° C.), the glass transition temperature of the PSA formulation is preferably below +15° C. (determined using DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) in accordance with DIN 53765 at a heating rate of 10 K/ minutes).

The glass transition temperature of the acrylate polymers can be estimated from the glass transition temperatures of the homopolymers and their relative proportions according to Fox's equation). In order to obtain polymers, for example pressure-sensitive adhesives or hot-seal compounds, with the desired glass transition temperatures, the quantitative composition of the monomer mixture is advantageously selected in such a way that, according to an equation (G1) analogous to the Fox equation (compare TG Fox, Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 1956, 1, 123) gives the desired T _G for the polymer. $$\frac{1}{{\text{T}}_{\text{G}}}={\displaystyle \sum _{\text{n}}\frac{{\text{W}}_{\text{n}}}{{\text{T}}_{\text{G}\text{,n}}}}$$

Any addition of tackifiers inevitably increases the glass transition temperature by about 5 to 40 K, depending on the amount added, compatibility and softening point. Acrylate copolymers with a glass transition temperature of at most 0° C. are therefore preferred.

According to ASTM D3330, the polymers of the invention have an adhesion to steel of at least 1.0 N/cm (at an area weight of the adhesive of 30 g/m ² on a 23 μm polyester film as backing).

According to the general understanding of the art, an “adhesive resin” is understood as meaning an oligomeric or polymeric resin which increases the autoadhesion (the tack, the intrinsic tack) of the PSA compared to the PSA which does not contain any tackifier resin but is otherwise identical.

The use of tackifiers to increase the bond strengths of PSAs is known in principle. This effect also occurs when between 1% to 10% by weight, preferably 3% to 7% by weight, more preferably 4% to 6% by weight, of tackifier is added to the adhesive. These also contribute to improved flagging resistance.

Adhesive resins with a softening point above 100° C. according to ASTM E28-99 (2009) are preferred.

In principle, all known classes of substances are suitable as tackifiers, also referred to as adhesive resins. Examples of tackifiers are hydrocarbon resins (for example polymers based on unsaturated C ₅ or C ₉ monomers), terpene-phenolic resins, polyterpene resins based on raw materials such as α- or β-pinene, aromatic resins such as coumarone-indene resins or based resins Styrene or α-methylstyrene such as rosin and its derivatives, for example disproportionated, dimerized or esterified rosin, for example reaction products with glycol, glycerol or pentaerythritol, to name just a few. Preference is given to resins without easily oxidizable double bonds, such as terpene-phenolic resins, aromatic resins and particularly preferably to resins which are produced by hydrogenation, such as, for example, hydrogenated aromatic resins, hydrogenated polycyclopentadiene resins, hydrogenated rosin derivatives or hydrogenated polyterpene resins.
Resins based on terpene phenols and rosin esters are preferred.
Resins based on terpene phenols and rosin esters with a softening point above 100° C. according to ASTM E28-99 (2009) are particularly preferred. The resins are expediently used in dispersion form. In this way, they can be finely divided and mixed with the polymer dispersion without any problems.

To improve cable compatibility further, the adhesive formulation can optionally be mixed with light stabilizers or primary and/or secondary anti-aging agents.
Products based on sterically hindered phenols, phosphites, thiosynergists, sterically hindered amines or UV absorbers can be used as aging inhibitors.
Primary antioxidants such as Irganox 1010 or Irganox 254 are preferred, alone or in combination with secondary antioxidants such as Irgafos TNPP or Irgafos 168.
The anti-aging agents can be used in any combination with one another, with mixtures of primary and secondary antioxidants in combination with light stabilizers such as Tinuvin 213 showing particularly good anti-aging effects.

Anti-aging agents in which a primary antioxidant is combined with a secondary antioxidant in one molecule have proven to be particularly advantageous. These anti-aging agents are cresol derivatives whose aromatic ring is substituted with thioalkyl chains at any two different positions, preferably in the ortho and meta position to the OH group, the sulfur atom also being attached to the aromatic ring of the cresol building block via one or more alkyl chains can be connected. The number of carbon atoms between the aromatic and the sulfur atom can be between 1 and 10, preferably between 1 and 4. The number of carbon atoms in the alkyl side chain can be between 1 and 25, preferably between 6 and 16. Particularly preferred here are compounds of the type 4,6-bis(dodecylthiomethyl)-o-cresol, 4,6-bis(undecylthiomethyl)-o-cresol, 4,6-bis(decylthiomethyl)-o-cresol 4,6-bis (nonylthiomethyl)-o-cresol or 4,6-bis(octylthiomethyl)-o-cresol. Anti-aging agents of this type are offered, for example, by the company Ciba Geigy under the name Irganox 1726 or Irganox 1520.

The amount of anti-aging agent or anti-aging agent package added should be in a range between 0.1 and 10 parts by weight based on the mass of the dried polymer dispersion, preferably in a range between 0.2 and 5 parts by weight based on the mass of the dried polymer dispersion, particularly preferably in a range between 0.5 and 3 parts by weight based on the mass of the dried polymer dispersion.

The administration form in the form of a dispersion is preferred for particularly simple miscibility with the adhesive composition dispersion. Alternatively, liquid anti-aging agents can also be incorporated directly into the dispersion, whereby the incorporation step should be followed by a standing time of a few hours to ensure homogeneous distribution in the dispersion or absorption of the anti-aging agent to allow means in the dispersion particles. Another alternative is to add an organic solution of the anti-aging agent to the dispersion. Suitable concentrations are in the range from 0.1 to 8, preferably 0.1 to 5 parts by weight based on the mass of the dried polymer dispersion.

To improve the processing properties, the adhesive formulation can also be blended with customary processing auxiliaries such as defoamers, deaerators, wetting agents or leveling agents. Suitable concentrations are in the range from 0.1 up to 5 parts by weight based on the mass of the dried polymer dispersion.

Sheet silicates or sheet or phyllosilicates are known as ion exchangers. Known phyllosilicates are clay minerals such as montmorillonite, nontronite, hectorite, saponite, sauconite, beidellite, allevardite, illite, halloysite, attapulgite and/or sepiolite, as well as disteardimonium hectorite. Hectorites are M _0.3 ⁺ (Mg _2.7 Li _0.3 )[Si ₄ O ₁₀ (OH) _2] , M ⁺ mostly. = Na ⁺ , a smectite-like monoclinic clay mineral similar to montmorillonite.

According to the manufacturer, non-modified phyllosilicates can be activated with polar additives and high shear forces in order to develop their full effectiveness (e.g. product information on Tixogel ® VP-V (Quaternium-90 Bentonite) from Rockwood Additives Ltd. or on Bentone® 38 (organic derivative of a Magnesium phyllosilicate (hectorite)) from Rheox Inc.

This activation of the layered silicates, ie the conversion into a swellable form, takes place by treating the layered silicates with a polar liquid and high shear forces. The layered silicates obtained in this way are considered modified layered silicates. Modified phyllosilicates are also known under the names Laponite®, Optigel®, Laponite SL 25®, Laptonite S482®, Laptonite EP®, Laptonite RDS®, Optigel CK® from Rockwood.

Kaolin, also known as china clay, china clay, white clay, or in pharmacies as bolus alba or pipe clay, is a fine, iron-free, white rock that contains kaolinite, a weathering product of feldspar, as its main component. Other components are various other clay minerals and undecomposed feldspar particles.
Kaolin is mainly used in the manufacture of paper and in the preparation of porcelain. In addition, bolus alba is used, among other things, as a component of some powder bases and is also added to foods
Kaolins are the two-layer silicates. Due to their high layer charge, they are not capable of swelling and are therefore present in the adhesive as relatively coarse filler particles.

Depending on the amount of kaolin added to the pressure-sensitive adhesive, plasticizer migration can be slowed down or almost completely prevented, and the plasticizer content in PVC, particularly in PVC cable insulation, can be prevented from slipping into the “brittle gap” area. The kaolins used in the pressure-sensitive adhesives of the invention are preferably added at from 3% to 7% by weight, more preferably at from 5% to 6% by weight. Kaolin can be added in solid form or also as an aqueous dispersion. Ultrafine grades (HG 90 or Amazon Premium Slurry) are preferred.

The shear viscosities of commercial dispersions are usually too low. Rheology additives, also known as thickeners, are usually used to achieve the necessary shear viscosities.

A basic distinction is made here between organic and inorganic rheology additives.
The organic thickeners are in turn split into two essential principles of action: (i) thickening of the aqueous phase, i.e. non-associating, and (ii) formation of associations between the thickener molecule and particles, sometimes involving the stabilizers (emulsifiers). Representatives of the first (i) group of substances are water-soluble polyacrylic acids and polycoacrylic acids, which form polyelectrolytes with a large hydrodynamic volume in a basic medium. Those skilled in the art also refer to this as ASE (alkaline swellable emulsion). They are characterized by high resting shear viscosities and strong shear thinning. Another class of substances are the modified polysaccharides, in particular cellulose ethers such as carboxymethyl cellulose, 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl-2-hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, 2-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, 2-hydroxyethyl ethyl cellulose, 2-hydroxypropyl cellulose, 2-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 2-hydroxybutyl methyl cellulose. This class of substances also includes less common polysaccharides such as starch derivatives and special polyethers.
The active group of (ii) associative thickeners are in principle block copolymers with a water-soluble middle block and hydrophobic end blocks, with the end blocks interacting with the particles or with themselves and thereby form a spatial network including the particles. Typical representatives are familiar to the person skilled in the art as HASE (hydrophobically modified alkali swellable emulsion), HEUR (hydrophobically modified ethylene oxide urethane) or HMHEC (hydrophobically modified hydroxyethyl cellulose). In the case of the HASE thickeners, the middle block is an ASE, the end blocks are mostly long, hydrophobic alkyl chains coupled via polyethylene oxide bridges. In the HEUR, the water-soluble middle block is a polyurethane, in the HMHEC it is a 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose. The non-ionic HEUR and HMHEC in particular are largely pH-insensitive.

Depending on the structure, the associative thickeners produce more or less Newtonian (shear rate-independent) or pseudoplastic (shear-thinning) flow behavior. Sometimes they also show a thixotropic character, which means that in addition to the shear force dependence of the viscosity, they also show a time dependence.

The inorganic thickeners are mostly phyllosilicates of natural or synthetic origin, examples are hectorites and smectites. In contact with water, the individual layers separate from each other. Due to different charges on the surfaces and edges of the platelets, they form a space-filling house of cards structure at rest, which results in high shear viscosities at rest up to yield points. In shear, the house of cards structure collapses and a significant drop in shear viscosity is observed. Depending on the charge, concentration and geometric dimensions of the flakes, the structure can take some time to build up, so that thixotropy can also be achieved with such inorganic thickeners.

Some of the thickeners can be stirred directly into the adhesive dispersion or some are advantageously prediluted or predispersed in water beforehand. Typical use concentrations are 0.1 to 5% by weight, based on the mass of the dried polymer dispersion. Suppliers of thickeners are, for example, OMG Borchers, Omya, Rheo-Byk Chemie, Dow Chemical Company, Evonik, Rockwood or Münzing Chemie.

The addition results in preferred viscosities for the polymer dispersion at a shear rate of 10 s ^-1 from 10 Pa*s to 120 Pa*s and at a shear rate of 0.01 s ^-1 from 1200 Pa*s to 8000 Pa*s.

Fillers (reinforcing or non-reinforcing) such as silicon dioxide (spherical, acicular, flaky or irregular like the pyrogenic silica), glass as solid or hollow spheres, microballoons, calcium carbonate, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, aluminum oxide or aluminum oxide hydroxides can both adjust the processability and the serve adhesive properties. Suitable concentrations are in the range from 0.1 up to 20 parts by weight based on the mass of the dried polymer dispersion.

In a preferred embodiment, the adhesive formulation of the invention according to ASTM D3330 has a bond strength on steel of at least 2.0 N / cm (at a weight per unit area of the adhesive of about 100 g / m ² on polyester fabric as a carrier. The pressure-sensitive adhesive particularly preferably has a bond strength of greater than or equal to or at least 2.5 N/cm (at a weight per unit area of the PSA of 90 g/m ² on polyester fabric as the backing, preferably even at 80 g/m ² , particularly preferably at 70 g/m ² on polyester fabric as the backing The PSA particularly preferably has a bond strength to steel according to ASTM D3330 of at least 5.0 N/cm (at a PSA weight per unit area of 90 g/m ² on polyester fabric as backing).

The invention also relates to an adhesive tape with a pressure-sensitive adhesive which, according to LV 312, preferably has an unwind force of from 3.0 N/cm to 9.0 N/cm at 30 m/min, in particular from 4.0 N/cm to 6 0 N/cm at 30 m/min. The unwind force of the adhesive tapes according to the invention can be adjusted in a targeted and exact manner. This is of particular interest for cable bandaging tapes to be applied manually or by machine. The target value for machine-applied cable bandaging tapes is less than 6.0 N/cm at 30 m/min, for manual the values are 4.0 N/cm to 6.0 N/cm.

In principle, all backing materials are suitable as backings; textile backings are preferred and fabrics, in particular polyester fabrics, are particularly preferred.

All known textile backings such as knitted fabrics, non-crimp fabrics, tapes, braids, tufted textiles, felts, woven fabrics (including plain, twill and satin weave), knitted fabrics (including warp-knitted fabrics and knitted fabrics) or fleeces can be used as the backing material for the adhesive tape, with "fleece " at least textile fabrics according to EN 29092 (1988) as well as stitch-bonded nonwovens and similar systems are to be understood. An adhesive tape in which a woven fabric, a nonwoven fabric or a knitted fabric is used as the backing is particularly advantageous. Such carriers are, for example, in WO 2015/004190 A1 described.

Spacer fabrics and knitted fabrics with lamination can also be used. Such spacer fabrics are in the EP 0 071 212 B1 disclosed. Spacer fabrics are mat-shaped composites with a cover layer made of a fiber or filament fleece, a base layer and individual or tufts of retaining fibers between these layers, which are distributed over the surface of the composite and needled through the particle layer and connect the cover layer and the base layer to one another. As an additional, but not required, feature according to EP 0 071 212 B1 particles of inert rock, such as sand, gravel or the like, are present in the holding fibers.

The tether fibers needled through the particulate layer space the topsheet and backsheet from each other and are bonded to the topsheet and backsheet.

Nonwovens that can be used are particularly bonded staple fiber nonwovens, but also filament, meltblown and spunbonded nonwovens, which usually need to be additionally bonded. Mechanical, thermal and chemical bonding are known as possible bonding methods for nonwovens. If the fibers are held together mechanically in the case of mechanical strengthening, usually by swirling the individual fibers, by intermeshing fiber bundles or by sewing in additional threads, then thermal and chemical processes can be used to create adhesive (with binder) or cohesive (without binder) fiber-to-fiber achieve ties. With a suitable formulation and process control, these can be limited exclusively or at least predominantly to fiber nodes, so that a stable, three-dimensional network is nevertheless formed in the fleece while maintaining the loose, open structure.

Fleeces have proven to be particularly advantageous which are strengthened in particular by overstitching with separate threads or by intermeshing.

Such consolidated webs are produced, for example, on stitch-bonding machines of the “Malimo” type from Karl Mayer, formerly Malimo, and can be obtained from Techtex GmbH, among others. A Malivlies is characterized in that a cross-fiber web is strengthened by the formation of meshes from fibers of the web. A fleece of the Kunit or Multiknit type can also be used as a carrier. A kunit fleece is characterized in that it results from the processing of a longitudinally oriented fiber fleece into a fabric that has stitches on one side and mesh webs or pile fiber folds on the other side, but has neither threads nor prefabricated fabrics. A fleece of this type has also been produced for a long time, for example on “Malimo” stitch-bonding machines from the Karl Mayer company. Another characteristic feature of this fleece is that, as a longitudinal fiber fleece, it can absorb high tensile forces in the longitudinal direction. A multi-knit non-woven is characterized in comparison to the kunit non-woven in that the non-woven is strengthened both on the top and on the underside by being pierced with needles on both sides. The starting product for a multiknit is usually one or two nonwoven pile fiber fabrics that are meshed on one side and manufactured using the Kunit process. In the end product, both upper sides of the nonwoven are formed into a closed surface by fiber meshing and connected to each other by fibers that are almost vertical. Additional pierceable sheet materials and/or spreadable media can also be introduced. Finally, sewn nonwovens are also suitable as a preliminary product for forming a covering according to the invention and an adhesive tape according to the invention. A stitchbonded nonwoven is formed from a nonwoven material with a large number of seams running parallel to one another. These seams are created by sewing or stitch-bonding continuous textile threads. For this type of fleece (also known as Maliwatt), stitch-bonding machines of the "Malimo" type from the Karl Mayer company are known.

Needle mats are also particularly suitable. In needlepunch, a batt is formed into a fabric with the help of barbed needles. The material is solidified on a needle bar by alternately inserting and withdrawing the needles, whereby the individual fibers are intertwined to form a solid fabric. The number and design of the needling points (needle shape, depth of penetration, needling on both sides) determine the strength and stability of the fiber structure, which is usually light, air-permeable and elastic.

Also particularly advantageous is a staple fiber web that is pre-consolidated in the first step by mechanical processing or that is a wet web that has been laid hydrodynamically, with between 2% by weight and 50% by weight of the fibers of the web being melt fibers, in particular between 5 % and 40% by weight of the fibers of the web. Such a fleece is characterized in that the fibers are laid wet or, for example, a staple fiber fleece is pre-consolidated by the formation of meshes from fibers of the fleece by needling, sewing, air and/or water jet processing. In a second step, heat setting takes place, whereby the strength of the nonwoven is increased again by the melting or partial melting of the fusible fibers.

For the use of fleeces according to the invention, the adhesive bonding of mechanically pre-strengthened or wet-laid fleeces is of particular interest, and this can be done by adding binders in solid, liquid, foamed or pasty form. In principle, there are many possible forms of administration, for example solid binders as a powder to be trickled in, as a film or as a grid or in the form of binding fibers. Liquid binders can be applied dissolved in water or organic solvents or as a dispersion. Binding dispersions are predominantly chosen for adhesive strengthening: duroplastics in the form of phenol or melamine resin dispersions, elastomers as dispersions of natural or synthetic rubbers or mostly dispersions of thermoplastics such as acrylates, vinyl acetates, polyurethanes, styrene-butadiene systems, PVC and the like. and their copolymers. Normally, these are anionic or non-ionogenically stabilized dispersions, but cationic dispersions can also be advantageous in special cases.

The type of binder application can be carried out according to the state of the art and can be found, for example, in standard works on coating or nonwovens technology such as "Vliesstoffe" (Georg Thieme Verlag, Stuttgart, 1982) or "Textile Technology - Nonwovens Production" (Employer Group Gesamttextil, Eschborn, 1996).

For mechanically pre-consolidated nonwovens that already have sufficient bond strength, spraying a binder on one side is a good way to specifically change the surface properties.
In addition to the economical use of the binding agent, the energy requirement for drying is also significantly reduced when working in this way. Since no squeezing rollers are required and the dispersions remain predominantly in the upper area of the nonwoven fabric, undesirable hardening and stiffening of the nonwoven fabric can be largely prevented.
For a sufficient adhesive strengthening of the non-woven backing, binder should generally be added in the order of 1% to 50%, in particular 3% to 20%, based on the weight of the non-woven fabric.

The binder can be added during the manufacture of the fleece, during the mechanical pre-consolidation or in a separate process step, which can be carried out in-line or off-line. After the binder has been added, a temporary state must be created for the binder in which it becomes sticky and adhesively connects the fibers - this can be achieved during drying, for example of dispersions, but also by heating, whereby further variation options are possible through the application of surface or partial pressure are. The binder can be activated in known drying tunnels, but also by means of infrared radiation, UV radiation, ultrasound, high-frequency radiation or the like if a suitable binder is selected. For later end use, it makes sense, but is not absolutely necessary, for the binder to lose its stickiness after the end of the fleece manufacturing process. It is advantageous that thermal treatment removes volatile components such as fiber additives and thus creates a fleece with favorable fogging values, so that when a low-fogging adhesive is used, an adhesive tape with particularly favorable fogging values can be produced, and the lining also shows a very low fogging value. Fogging (see DIN 75201 A) is understood to mean the effect that, under unfavorable conditions, low-molecular compounds can outgas from the adhesive tapes and condense on cold parts. This can, for example, impair visibility through the windshield.

Another special form of adhesive strengthening is that the binder is activated by dissolving or swelling. In principle, the fibers themselves or admixed special fibers can also take on the function of the binder. However, since such solvents are questionable from an environmental point of view or problematic in their handling for most polymer fibers, this process is rarely used.

Advantageously and at least in certain areas, the carrier can have a surface that has been ground smooth on one or both sides, preferably in each case a surface that has been ground smooth over the entire surface. The smooth, polished surface may be chintzed, as is the case, for example, in EP 1 448 744 A1 is explained in detail.

Furthermore, the carrier can be calendered in a rolling mill for compaction. The two rollers preferably run in opposite directions and at the same peripheral speed, so that the carrier is pressed and compacted. If the peripheral speed of the rollers differs, then the carrier is additionally ground smooth.

• • die Fadenzahl in der Kette 10 bis 60/cm beträgt
• • die Fadenzahl im Schuss 10 bis 40/cm beträgt
• • die Kettfäden ein Garngewicht zwischen 40 und 400 dtex, insbesondere zwischen 44 und 330 dtex, besonders bevorzugt von 167 dtex besitzen
• • die Schussfäden ein Garngewicht zwischen 40 und 660 dtex, insbesondere zwischen 44 und 400 dtex, besonders bevorzugt von 167 dtex besitzen

The backing is preferably a fabric, more preferably a polyester fabric. Particularly preferred fabrics are constructed as follows:

• • the number of threads in the warp is 10 to 60/cm
• • the thread count in the weft is 10 to 40/cm
• • the warp threads have a yarn weight between 40 and 400 dtex, in particular between 44 and 330 dtex, particularly preferably 167 dtex
• • the weft threads have a yarn weight between 40 and 660 dtex, in particular between 44 and 400 dtex, particularly preferably 167 dtex

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the number of threads in the warp is 40 to 50/cm, preferably 44/cm. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the number of threads in the weft is 18 to 22/cm, preferably 20/cm.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the fabric is a polyester fabric. Other possibilities are polyamide fabric, viscose fabric and/or a mixed fabric made from the materials mentioned.

More preferably, the thickness of the fabric is at most 300 μm, particularly preferably 170 to 230 μm, very particularly preferably 190 to 210 μm. According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the backing has a basis weight of up to 200 g/m ² , preferably 100 to 150 g/m ² .

Starting materials for the carrier material for the adhesive tape are, in particular, (chemical) fibers (staple fibers or continuous filaments) made from synthetic polymers, also known as synthetic fibers, made from polyester, polyamide, polyimide, aramid, polyolefin, polyacrylonitrile or glass, (chemical) fibers made from natural polymers such as cellulosic fibers (viscose, modal, lyocell, cupro, acetate, triacetate, cellulon), such as rubber fibers, such as plant protein fibers and/or animal protein fibers and/or natural fibers made from cotton, sisal, flax, silk, hemp, linen, coconut or wool intended. However, the present invention is not limited to the materials mentioned, but a large number of other fibers can be used to produce the carrier, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art without having to be inventive. Furthermore, yarns made from the specified fibers are also suitable.

In the case of woven fabrics or non-crimp fabrics, individual threads can be made from a mixed yarn, i.e. they can have synthetic and natural components. As a rule, however, the warp threads and the weft threads are each of a single type.

The warp threads and/or the weft threads can each consist only of synthetic threads or only of threads made from natural raw materials, ie they can be of the same type.

The yarns or threads of the fabrics can be in the form of filaments. For the purposes of this invention, a filament is understood to mean a bundle of parallel, straight individual fibers/individual filaments, also often referred to as a multifilament in the literature. If necessary, this bundle of fibers can be strengthened by twisting, in which case one speaks of spun or twisted filaments. Alternatively, the fiber bundle can be solidified by swirling it with compressed air or a water jet. In the following, only the term filament is used in general for all of these embodiments. The filament can be textured or smooth and point bonded or unbonded.

Polyester is preferably used as the material for the textile backing, due to its excellent aging resistance and excellent media resistance to chemicals and operating materials such as oil, petrol, antifreeze and the like. In addition, polyester has the advantage that it becomes a very abrasion-resistant and temperature-resistant carrier, which is of particular importance for the special purpose of bundling cables in automobiles and, for example, in the engine compartment. According to one embodiment of the invention, a PET fleece or a PET fabric is used as the carrier.

The basis weight of the textile backing is advantageously between 30 g/m ² and 300 g/m ² , more advantageously between 50 g/m ² and 200 g/m ² , particularly advantageously between 50 g/m ² and 150 g/m ² particularly advantageously between 70 g/m ² and 130 g/m ² . More preferably, the textile backings have a flexural rigidity in the range from 0 to 30 mN/60 mm as raw backing (MD, machine direction), optionally from 2 to 30 mN/60 mm as raw backing (MD), resulting in very good flagging-free products with good Unrollability can be obtained with a small surface application of acrylate dispersions.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, after application to the backing, the adhesive has sunk more than 10%, preferably more than 25%, more preferably more than 50% into the backing. A numerical value of 25%, for example, means that the adhesive has penetrated over a layer thickness of 25% of the thickness of the textile backing, i.e. in the case of a backing with a thickness of 100 μm over a layer thickness of 25 μm within the backing, starting from the surface of the backing on which the adhesive is coated, and in the direction perpendicular to the plane spanned by the longitudinal or transverse direction.

A carrier material made of paper, a laminate, a film (e.g. PP, PE, PET, PA, PU), foam or a foamed film is also suitable for the adhesive tape.

These non-textile sheet materials are particularly useful when special requirements require such a modification of the invention. Films, for example, are usually thinner than textiles, and the closed layer offers additional protection against the penetration of chemicals and operating materials such as oil, petrol, antifreeze, etc. in the actual cable area and can be largely adapted to the requirements through a suitable selection of the material: flexible and elastic sheathing can be produced with polyurethanes and copolymers from polyolefins, for example, and good abrasion and temperature resistance can be achieved with polyester and polyamides.

Foamed materials or foamed foils, on the other hand, have the property of filling up more space and providing good noise damping - if a cable harness is laid in a duct or tunnel-like area in the vehicle, for example, annoying rattling and vibration can be prevented from the outset by a covering tape of suitable thickness and damping.

A laminate of the textile backing and a film or plastic layer applied at least to one side of the textile backing is preferred. Furthermore, foils or plastic layers can be applied to the top and bottom of the textile carrier. It can be applied by lamination or by extrusion. A variant is preferred in which the textile backing is provided with a film on the underside, which is equipped with a pressure-sensitive adhesive on the other side.

Films such as PP, PE, polyester, PA, PU or PVC are suitable as film or plastic material. The films themselves can in turn consist of a number of individual layers, for example of layers coextruded to form a film.

Polyolefins are preferred, but also include copolymers of ethylene and polar monomers such as styrene, vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, or acrylic acid. It can be a homopolymer such as HDPE, LDPE, MDPE or a copolymer of ethylene with another olefin such as propene, butene, hexene or octene (e.g. LLDPE, VLDDE). Polypropylenes (for example polypropylene homopolymers, polypropylene random copolymers or polypropylene block copolymers) are also suitable.

The film preferably has a thickness of 12 μm to 100 μm, more preferably 28 to 50 μm, in particular 35 μm. The foil can be colored and/or transparent.

Finally, the adhesive tape can have a covering material with which the one or the two layers of adhesive are covered until use. All the materials listed in detail above are also suitable as covering materials. A non-pilling material is preferably used, such as a plastic film or a well-glued, long-fiber paper.

If low flammability of the adhesive tape described is desired, this can be achieved by adding flame retardants to the backing and/or the adhesive. These can be organobromine compounds, if necessary with synergists such as antimony trioxide, but with regard to the halogen-free adhesive tape, red phosphorus, organophosphorus, mineral or intumescent compounds such as ammonium polyphosphate alone or in combination with synergists are preferably used.

The application of adhesive, based on the area of the adhesive tape, is preferably between 40 and 160 g/m ² , preferably between 60 and 130 g/m ² , more preferably between 80 and 100 g/m ² .

For the purposes of this invention, the general term “adhesive tape” includes all flat structures such as films or film sections extended in two dimensions, tapes with extended length and limited width, tape sections and the like, ultimately also diecuts or labels.

The adhesive tape thus has a longitudinal extension and a width extension. The adhesive tape also has a thickness perpendicular to both dimensions, with the width dimension and length dimension being many times greater than the thickness. The thickness is as uniform as possible, preferably exactly the same, over the entire surface area of the adhesive tape, which is determined by length and width.

The adhesive tape is in particular in web form. A web is understood to be an object whose length is many times greater than the width and the width is preferably designed to remain approximately the same along the entire length.
The adhesive tape can be produced in the form of a roll, i.e. rolled up on itself in the form of an Archimedean spiral.
A backing lacquer can be applied to the back of the adhesive tape in order to favorably influence the unrolling properties of the adhesive tape wound into the Archimedean spiral. For this purpose, this backside lacquer can be equipped with silicone or fluorosilicone compounds as well as with polyvinylstearylcarbamate, polyethyleneiminestearylcarbamide or fluorine-organic compounds as substances having an adhesive effect.

The adhesive can be applied in the longitudinal direction of the adhesive tape in the form of a strip that is narrower than the backing of the adhesive tape. Depending on the application, several parallel strips of adhesive can also be coated on the carrier material. The position of the strip on the carrier can be freely selected, with an arrangement directly on one of the edges of the carrier being preferred. The adhesive is preferably applied to the backing over the entire surface.

At least one strip of covering can be provided on the adhesive coating of the carrier, which strip or strips extend in the longitudinal direction of the adhesive tape and which or which cover between 20% and 90% of the adhesive coating. Preferably the strip covers between 50% and 80% of the total adhesive coating. The degree of coverage is chosen depending on the application and the diameter of the cable set. The percentages given refer to the width of the flashing strips in relation to the width of the backing.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, there is exactly one strip of covering on the adhesive coating.

The position of the strip on the adhesive coating can be freely selected, preference being given to an arrangement directly on one of the longitudinal edges of the carrier. This results in an adhesive strip that extends in the longitudinal direction of the adhesive tape and ends with the other longitudinal edge of the carrier.
When the tape is used to wrap a wiring harness by passing the tape around the wiring harness in a helical motion, the wrapping of the wiring harness can be done so that the adhesive mass of the tape is stuck only on the tape itself, while the goods are not covered with any adhesive touch comes.
The wiring harness sheathed in this way has a very high degree of flexibility due to the lack of fixing the cables with any kind of adhesive. This significantly increases its flexibility during installation - especially in narrow passages or sharp bends.

If a certain fixation of the adhesive tape on the item is desired, the sheathing can take place in such a way that the adhesive strip is glued partly to the adhesive tape itself and partly to the item.

According to another advantageous embodiment, the strip is applied centrally to the adhesive coating, resulting in two adhesive strips extending on the longitudinal edges of the backing in the longitudinal direction of the adhesive tape. The two adhesive strips present on the longitudinal edges of the adhesive tape are advantageous for the safe and economical application of the adhesive tape in said helical movement around the cable harness and to prevent the resulting protective covering from slipping, especially if one strip, which is usually narrower than the second strip, is Fixation aid is used and the second, wider strip is used as a closure. In this way, the adhesive tape is glued to the cable in such a way that the cable set is secured against slipping and is still flexible.

In addition, there are embodiments in which more than one strip of covering is applied to the adhesive coating. If only one strip is mentioned, the person skilled in the art reads in his mind that several strips can cover the adhesive coating at the same time.

The production process for the adhesive tape of the invention is limited to the coating of the backing directly with the dispersion in one or more operations carried out in succession. In the case of textile supports, the untreated textile can be coated directly or in a transfer process. Alternatively, the textile can be pretreated with a coating (with any film-forming substance from solution, dispersion, melt and/or radiation-curing) in order to then be provided with the PSA directly or in a transfer process in a subsequent work step. The usual application units are used: Wire squeegee, coating bar, roller application, nozzle coating, double-chamber squeegee, multiple cascade nozzle.

Due to the positive properties described, the adhesive tape is ideal for insulating and winding wires or cables. The adhesive tape is preferably used for wrapping elongate goods, such as cable sets in particular, with the adhesive tape being guided around the elongate goods in a helical movement. The result is the shape of a helix (also called a screw, helical line, cylindrical spiral or helix; a helix is a curve that winds around the surface of a cylinder with a constant pitch). In one variant, the elongate product is wrapped by the adhesive tape in the axial direction. The wrapping of a cable harness with the described adhesive tape does not take place--as is usual--in a helical manner, but in such a way that a longitudinal axis of the tape is aligned essentially parallel to the direction of the cable harness when it is wrapped. Seen in cross section, the adhesive tape lies around the cable harness in the form of an Archimedean spiral. This type of winding is also called "tucking in the cable harness".

Also covered by the inventive concept is a sheathed elongated item, such as in particular a cable harness, sheathed with an adhesive tape according to the invention, and a vehicle containing an elongated item sheathed in this way. According to one embodiment of the invention, the elongate item is a cable harness that comprises a bundle of several cables, such as 3 to 1000 cables, preferably 10 to 500 cables, in particular between 50 and 300 cables.

Due to the excellent suitability of the adhesive tape, it can be used in a sheathing that consists of a covering in which the self-adhesive tape is present at least in one edge area of the covering, which is glued to the covering in such a way that the adhesive tape extends over one of the Longitudinal edges of the covering extends, preferably in an edge area that is narrow compared to the width of the covering.
Such a product and optimized embodiments of the same are in the EP 1 312 097 A1 disclosed. In the EP 1 300 452 A2 , the DE 102 29 527 A1 as well as the WO 2006/108871 A1 further developments are presented for which the adhesive tape according to the invention is also very well suited. Likewise, the adhesive tape according to the invention can be used in a method such as that EP 1 367 608 A2 disclosed.
Finally describe the EP 1 315 781 A1 as well as the DE 103 29 994 A1 Embodiments of adhesive tapes, as are also possible for the adhesive tape according to the invention.

More preferably, when glued to cables with PVC sheathing and cables with polyolefin sheathing, the adhesive tape does not destroy the same if a combination of cables and adhesive tape is stored in accordance with LV 312 at temperatures above 105° C. and up to 3000 h and then the cables be bent around a mandrel.

The person skilled in the art would have expected that the use of common fillers such as kaolin would result in a significant loss of adhesive strength. This is surprising but not the case.

The use according to the invention makes it possible for the content of plasticizers in each case in wt Content of plasticizers in PVC cable coatings, in particular plasticizers including TOTM, DOP (dioctyl phthalate, di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate), DINP (diisononyl phthalate), TOTM (trioctyl trimellitate), DIDP (diisodecyl phthalate), triethyl citric acid or adipic acid-based plasticizers such as diethylhexyl adipate and diethyloctyl adipate. The content of plasticizers in cable sheaths that are sheathed with the cable ties according to the invention is particularly preferably greater than or equal to 66% after 2000 h, preferably greater than or equal to 70%, particularly preferably greater than or equal to 80%, it being more preferred if the content is after 2500 h or after 3000 h each independently still has a content of at least 60% of the original content of plasticizers.

As the examples show, of the known layered silicates, surprisingly and unforeseeably for the person skilled in the art, only kaolin is suitable. Other clay minerals such as montmorillonite, nontronite, hectorite, saponite, sauconite, beidellite, allevardite, illite, halloysite, attapulgite and/or sepiolite as well as disteardimonium hectorite. Hectorites are M _0.3 ⁺ (Mg _2.7 Li _0.3 )[Si ₄ O ₁₀ (OH) ₂ ], M ⁺ mostly. = Na ⁺ , belonging to the smectites, the montmorillonite similar, monoclinic clay mineral lead to failure, modified three-layer phyllosilicates or such as illite, smectite or vermiculite are unsuitable, although these in the DE 10 2014 223 451 A1 are presented as particularly suitable.

The adhesive tape is to be explained in more detail below with reference to a number of figures, without intending to cause any kind of restriction.

• 1 das Klebeband im seitlichen Schnitt,
• 2 einen Ausschnitt eines Kabelbaums, der sich aus einer Bündelung von einzelnen Kabeln zusammensetzt und der mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Klebeband ummantelt ist, und
• 3 eine vorteilhafte Anwendung des Klebebands.

Show it

• 1 the tape in the side cut,
• 2 a section of a cable harness which is composed of a bundle of individual cables and which is sheathed with the adhesive tape according to the invention, and
• 3 an advantageous application of the adhesive tape.

In the 1 the adhesive tape is shown in section in the transverse direction (cross-section), which consists of a fabric carrier 1 to which a layer of a self-adhesive coating 2 based on an acrylate dispersion is applied on one side. 20% of the adhesive has sunk into the backing, which results in optimal anchoring and at the same time improves the hand tearability of the backing.

In the 2 a section of a cable harness is shown, which is composed of a bundling of individual cables 7 and which is sheathed with the adhesive tape 11 according to the invention. The tape is threaded around the wire harness in a helical motion. The section of the wiring harness shown shows two windings I and II of the adhesive tape. Further windings would extend to the left, these are not shown here.

In a further embodiment for a sheathing, two tapes 60, 70 according to the invention equipped with an adhesive are offset with their adhesives (preferably by 50% each) and laminated to one another, resulting in a product as shown in 3 is shown.

examples

Sketch of the examples

The adhesive tape of the invention is described below in a preferred embodiment using an example, without wishing to subject the invention to any restriction. Comparative examples are also given, in which unsuitable adhesive tapes are shown.

• Die Haftklebstoffdispersionen wurden durch Einrühren eines Polyurethan-Assoziativverdickers (Borchigel 0625, OMG Borchers) auf eine Viskosität von ungefähr 1000 Pa*s bei einer Schergeschwindigkeit von 0,01 s^-1 eingestellt (gemessen mit Kegel/Platte Geometrie im Rotationsmodus mit einem Rheometer DSR 200 N von Rheometric Scientific).
• Bei dem Vlies handelt es sich um ein Nähwirkvlies vom Typ Maliwatt mit einem Flächengewicht von 55 g/m², bestehend aus PET-Fasern der Länge 64 mm und der Dicke 3 den und einem PET-Nähfaden der Stärke 50 dtex, die mit (22 Fäden pro Inch (entspricht 9 Fäden/Zentimeter Vliesbreite) vernäht sind.

To explain the invention, example adhesive tapes were produced according to the following scheme:

• The pressure-sensitive adhesive dispersions were adjusted to a viscosity of approximately 1000 Pa*s at a shear rate of 0.01 s ^-1 by stirring in a polyurethane associative thickener (Borchigel 0625, OMG Borchers) (measured with cone/plate geometry in rotation mode with a rheometer DSR 200 N from Rheometric Scientific).
• The fleece is a stitch-bonded fleece of the Maliwatt type with a basis weight of 55 g/m ² , consisting of PET fibers with a length of 64 mm and a thickness of 3 den and a PET sewing thread with a strength of 50 dtex, which is marked with (22 threads per inch (equivalent to 9 threads/centimeter fleece width) are sewn.

Using a film applicator, the Maliwatt was coated with the thickened exemplary pressure-sensitive adhesive dispersion in such a way that, after drying in a forced-air oven at 85° C. for 5 minutes, an adhesive mass per unit area of 90 g/m ² resulted.

assessment criteria

conducting the tests

Unless expressly stated otherwise, the measurements are taken at a test climate of 23 ± 1 °C and 50 ± 5 % rel. humidity carried out.

Measurement of resistance to flagging using the SWAT method

The SWAT test is used to examine the flagging behavior of adhesive tapes after they have been wrapped in a spiral around a cable. The test is carried out under a standard climate (23 ± 1 °C and 50 ± 5% relative humidity) and 40 °C. The increased temperature simulates the more difficult requirements during transport.

A 19 mm wide adhesive tape is used for the test. This is manually wrapped four times (1440°) without additional pressure around an ETFE (ethylene tetrafluoroethylene)-coated cable that has a diameter of 1 mm. The tape is cut with scissors.

It is assumed that if the end of the tape is not pressed down, an average 5mm long flag will remain. A total of seven windings are created around the cable.

The plumes are measured after three days, ten days and 30 days in a standard climate using a ruler. This shows the 4 . The absolute flagging value is calculated by subtracting 5 mm from the actually measured length of the flag. In 4 the flagging value is therefore 23 mm (28 mm - 5 mm).

The flagging value given as a result is the result of the mean value of the flagging values of the seven windings. The test is carried out analogously at 40 °C in conventional drying cabinets.

The adhesive tape of the invention is evaluated below at 40° C. in a drying cabinet using the specified SWAT method.

A value of ≤ 10 mm is the lower limit for resistance to flagging. Mean values < 5 receive a grade of 2, mean values from 5 to 10 receive a grade of 1 and mean values > 10 receive a grade of 0.

Measurement of the cable compatibility of cables with T2 PVC insulation according to LV 312 The measurement is carried out analogously to the measurement method specified in LV 312. The measurements are carried out at 105 °C (T2).

Measurement of adhesive strength

Adhesion to steel was measured according to ASTM D3330.

unwind force

Measurement of the unwind force according to LV 312 at a pull-off speed of 30 m/min.

softening point

The softening point is the temperature (or the temperature range) at which amorphous or semi-crystalline polymers change from a glassy, hard-elastic state to a soft state pass over The reduction in the hardness of corresponding substances at the softening point becomes clear, for example, by the fact that a body placed on a substance sample under load is pressed into it when the softening point is reached. The softening point is generally above the glass transition temperature, but for most polymers it is well below the temperature at which they completely change to the liquid state. The softening point is measured according to ASTM E28-99 (2009), known as the Ring & Ball (R&B) methodology.

Measurement of glass transition temperatures

The glass transition temperatures were determined on a differential scanning calorimeter DSC 204 F1 “Phoenix” from Netzsch, Germany, in 25 μl aluminum crucibles with a perforated lid under a nitrogen atmosphere (20 ml/min gas flow). The sample weight was 8 ± 1 mg. The samples were measured twice from -140 °C to 200 °C with a heating rate of 10 K/min. The 2nd heating curve was evaluated. The method is based on DIN 53 765.

Dynamic viscosity measurement

The viscosity measurement is carried out with a DSR 200 N rheometer from Rheometric Scientific at room temperature and in rotation mode at a shear rate of 0.01s ^-1 with a cone and plate system with a diameter of 25 mm, alternatively with a shear rate of 10s ^-1 .

gel value

The gel value is determined by Soxhlet extraction, which is used to continuously extract soluble ingredients from polymers. When determining the gel value of (aqueous) polyacrylate pressure-sensitive adhesives, the soluble fractions of a polymer—the so-called sol—are extracted from the insoluble fractions—the so-called gel—by means of a suitable solvent such as tetrahydrofuran. Preparation: The mass to be extracted is applied to siliconized release paper in a thin film - usually 120 µm layer thickness - and dried for around 12 hours at 80 °C (convection oven). The films are stored in a desiccator using desiccants. The extraction thimbles type 603 Whatman are dried for 12 h at 80 °C, the empty weight of the thimbles is determined and stored in the desiccator until use.

gel value determination

mit

• m₁: Masse Extraktionshülse, leer
• m₂: Masse Extraktionshülse + Polymer
• m₃: Masse Extraktionshülse + Gel

About 1 g PSA is weighed into the extraction thimble. A 100 ml round bottom flask of the Soxhlet apparatus is filled with 60 ml tetrahydrofuran and heated to boiling. THF vapors rise through the vapor tube of the Soxhlet apparatus and condense in the condenser and THF drips into the extraction thimble and extracts sol portion. In the course of the extraction, the THF I runs back into the flask with the extracted sol. Dissolved sol increasingly accumulates in the flask. After 72 hours of continuous extraction, the sol is completely dissolved in the THF. After the apparatus has cooled down to room temperature, the extraction thimble is removed and dried at 80° C. for 12 hours. The sleeves are stored in the desiccator until their mass is constant and then weighed. The gel value of the polymer is calculated using the following formula: $$Gelwe\mathrm{right}t=\frac{m_3-m_1}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="m"\; filenames="DE102020212233A1\_0003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}_2-{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="m"\; filenames="DE102020212233A1\_0003.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">m</figure-callout>}}_1}\cdot 100\%$$

with

• m ₁ : mass extraction thimble, empty
• m ₂ : mass of extraction thimble + polymer
• m ₃ : mass extraction thimble + gel

flexural rigidity

The flexural rigidity is determined using a Softometer KWS basic 2000 mN (from Wolf Messtechnik GmbH). (MD) stands for machine direction, i.e. the bending stiffness is determined in the machine direction.

• • Klebkraft auf Stahl [N/cm]
• • Abrollkraft (30 m/min) [N/cm]
• • Kabelverträglichkeit [h]

The criteria for an application-specific adhesive tape that is particularly suitable for wrapping cables are:

• • Adhesion to steel [N/cm]
• • Unwind force (30 m/min) [N/cm]
• • Cable compatibility [h]

Five areas are defined for each of these criteria, into which the results are sorted. Furthermore, it is determined which areas define very good or good behavior, which areas indicate acceptable and which areas indicate unacceptable behavior. Adhesion to steel [N/cm] Unwind force (30 m/min) [N/cm] Cable compatibility [h] ASTM D3330 LV312: LV312: 1 > 2.5 1 4-6 1 > 2500 2 2.0 - 2.5 2 3-4, 6-9 2 2000 - 2500 3 1.5 - 2.0 3 2-3, 9-12 3 < 2000 4 1.0 - 1.5 4 1-2, 12-15 5 < 1.0 5 <1, >15

The following specifications apply to the four properties: Very good or good unacceptable Adhesion to steel Areas 1 and 2 Areas 3 to 5 unwind force Areas 1 and 2 Areas 3 to 5 cable compatibility area 1 Areas 2 and 3

To illustrate the concept of the invention, polymer dispersions were tested with the following comonomer composition: comonomer composition 2-EHA B.A mma aa AcN EA HEA VAC styrene Polymer 1 (P1) 45 46 × 5 4 × × × × Polymer 2 (P2) 98 × × 2 × × × × × Polymer 3 (P3) 51 × × × × 41 × 4 4 Polymer 4 (P4) 41 41 8th 1.2 × × 1.9 8th ×

2-EHA

2-ethylhexyl acrylate

B.A

n-butyl acrylate

mma

methyl methacrylate

aa

acrylic acid

AcN

acrylonitrile

EA.

ethylhexyl acrylate

HEA

2-hydroxyethyl acrylate

VAC

vinyl acetate

These polymers are blended with different resins, for which the softening point is specified. Surname chemical composition R&B [°C] Resin 1 (H1) Snowtack 100G E rosin ester resin 95.5 Resin 2 (H2) Snowtack 110X E Pentaerythritol ester of rosin 104.8 Resin 3 (H3) Snowtack TP 600G E terpene phenol 92.8 Resin 4 (H4) Snowtack FH 95G E fully hydrogenated rosin ester 90 example Ac dispersion [wt%] Resin [% by weight] Layered silicate [% by weight, type] thickener [product] Visc . 10/s [Pa*s] Visc . 0.01/s [Pa*s] adhesive strength unwind force cable compatibility 1 P1, 82 H1, 15 3, kaolin Tubivis DL600 41.9 3471 1 4 3 2 P2, 88 H2, 0 12, kaolin Borchi Gel 0625 63.0 3365 4 3 1 3 P3, 94 H3, 6 0, kaolin Rheo-Bvk 425 12.8 1102 4 3 1 4 90 5 5, kaolin Evo Dot VD2 8.9 1314 4 4 1 5 91 9 0, kaolin Borchi Gel 0625 + Evo Dot VD2 40.7 3685 2 3 2 6 89 8th 3, kaolin Tubivis DL600 41.2 3471 1 2 1 7 89 6 5, kaolin Rheovis PU1191 + Rheovis AS1130 53.6 3917 1 1 1 8th 88 4 8, kaolin Borchi Gel 0625 + Evo Dot VD2 46.6 3594 1 1 1 9 94 0 6, kaolin Rheovis PU1191 + Rheovis AS1130 72.3 5217 2 1 1 10 91 4 5, kaolin Borchi Gel 0625 + Evo Dot VD2 121.5 9319 1 4 1 11 90 5 5, Laponite SL-25 Byc 425 32.7 9221 5 5 1 12 91 5 4, smectite Rheovis PU1191 + Rheovis AS1130 39.3 2976 3 2 1
Tubivis DL600 (CHT R.Beitlich): Thickener based on acrylic acid
Borchigel 0625 (OMG Borchers): Polyurethane associative thickener
Rheo-Byk 425 (Byk): Thickener based on a urea-modified polyurethane
Evo Dot VD2 (DyStar Colors Germany): thickener based on a polyacrylic acid derivative Rheovis PU1191 (BASF): polyurethane associative thickener
Rheovis AS1130 (BASF): Thickener based on an acrylate copolymer

As the examples show, the use of 1 to 10% by weight of kaolin (not Laponite SL-25 or smectite!) optimizes the unwind force and surprisingly leads to higher bond strength. The amount of resin can thus be kept low, namely less than 10% by weight, due to the positive adhesive effect of kaolin. The cable compatibility is thus guaranteed.

Examples 5 to 9 show the best compromise in terms of product properties. Examples 1 to 4 and 10 to 12 are comparative examples.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• EP 1848006 A2 [0002]
• DE 102013213726 A1 [0002]
• EP 2497805 A1 [0002]
• WO 2006/015816 A1 [0014]
• EP 1431360 A2 [0014]
• DE 102011075156 A1 [0032]
• DE 102011075159 A1 [0032]
• DE 102011075152 A1 [0032]
• DE 102011075160 A1 [0032]
• EP 1378527 B1 [0042]
• WO 2015/004190 A1 [0076]
• EP 0071212 B1 [0077]
• EP 1448744 A1 [0089]
• EP 1312097 A1 [0125]
• EP 1300452 A2 [0125]
• DE 10229527 A1 [0125]
• WO 2006/108871 A1 [0125]
• EP 1367608 A2 [0125]
• EP 1315781 A1 [0125]
• DE 10329994 A1 [0125]
• DE 102014223451 A1 [0129]

Claims (15)

Adhesive tape, in particular for wrapping cables, comprising a textile backing and a pressure-sensitive adhesive mass applied to at least one side of the backing in the form of a thickened, dried polymer dispersion, the unthickened, dried polymer dispersion containing: (a) 30.0 to 98.0% by weight of monomeric acrylates (b) 0 to 50.0% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated comonomers other than acrylates (c) 1.0 to 10.0% by weight tackifier (d) 1.0 to 10.0 wt to 80 Pa*s at a shear rate of 10/s and a viscosity of 3000 Pa*s up to 8000 Pa*s, preferably 4000 Pa*s up to 6000 Pa*s at a shear rate of 0.01/s. tape after claim 1 , characterized in that the monomeric acrylates are selected from alkyl (meth) acrylates such as n-butyl acrylate and 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, preferably C ₁ - to C ₂₀ -alkyl (meth) acrylates, C ₁ - to C ₁₀ -hydroxyalkyl (meth) acrylates such as, in particular, hydroxyethyl or hydroxypropyl (meth)acrylate, acid amides such as acrylamide or methacrylamide, and mixtures of two or more of the monomers. Duct tape after one of Claims 1 or 2 , characterized in that the ethylenically unsaturated comonomers are selected from ethylene, aromatic vinyl monomers such as styrene, α-methylstyrene and vinyl toluene, divinylbenzene, vinyl esters of carboxylic acids containing up to 20 carbon atoms such as vinyl laurate, vinyl ethers of alcohols containing up to 10 carbon atoms such as vinyl methyl ether or vinyl isobutyl ether , Vinyl halides such as vinyl chloride or vinylidene dichloride, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and/or maleic anhydride, acrylonitrile and/or methacrylonitrile, unsaturated hydrocarbons having 3 to 8 carbon atoms such as propene, butadiene, isoprene, 1-hexene or 1-octene, and mixtures of two or more comonomers. Duct tape after at least one of the Claims 1 until 3 , characterized in that the ethylenically unsaturated monomers having an acid or acid anhydride function are selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid and/or maleic anhydride. Adhesive tape according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the acrylate dispersion has a gel index of greater than or equal to 40%, preferably greater than or equal to 45%, determined by means of Soxhlet extraction Adhesive tape according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that 3 to 7% by weight, more preferably 5 to 6% by weight, of kaolin are added to the adhesive. Adhesive tape according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that 3 to 8% by weight, more preferably 4 to 6% by weight, of tackifiers are added to the adhesive. Adhesive tape according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the glass transition temperature of the PSA is below +15°C (determined using DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) in accordance with DIN 53765 at a heating rate of 10 K/min). Adhesive tape according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressure-sensitive adhesive according to ASTM D3330 has an adhesion to steel of at least 2.0 N/cm (at a weight per unit area of the adhesive of 100 g/m ² on polyester fabric as the backing) and/or the PSA has an unwind force of from 3.0 N/cm to 9.0 N/cm at 30 m/min, in particular from 4.0 N/cm to 6.0 N/cm at 30 m/min. Adhesive tape according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the backing is a textile backing, preferably a fleece material or a woven fabric, in particular a polyester fabric. Adhesive tape according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the backing is fabric, preferably a polyester fabric and is more preferably constructed as follows: • the thread count in the warp is 10 to 60/cm • the thread count in the weft is 10 to 40/cm amounts to • the warp threads have a yarn weight between 40 and 400 dtex, in particular between 44 and 330 dtex, particularly preferably 167 dtex • the weft threads have a yarn weight between 40 and 660 dtex, particularly between 44 and 400 dtex, particularly preferably 167 dtex Use of an adhesive tape according to at least one of the preceding claims for wrapping elongate goods, the adhesive tape being guided around the elongate goods in a helix. Use of an adhesive tape according to at least one of the preceding claims for wrapping elongate goods, the elongate goods being wrapped by the tape in the axial direction. Elongated goods, such as in particular a cable set, sheathed with an adhesive tape according to at least one of the preceding claims. Vehicle containing coated elongate goods claim 12 or 13 .

Images