DE102020201120A1 - Electric drive device for a vehicle and a vehicle - Google Patents

Abstract

An electric drive device for a vehicle comprises an electric machine which is set up to provide a torque on an output shaft rotatable about an axis of rotation, a machine housing with a casing section surrounding the axis of rotation, which has a cooling region with a cooling channel formed therein for the passage of a cooling fluid, The electric machine is arranged in the machine housing, a parking lock housing connected to the jacket section of the machine housing in the cooling area and a parking lock device with an electric parking lock actuator arranged in the parking lock housing, an electronic parking lock control arranged in the parking lock housing for controlling the parking lock actuator and a first actuatable by means of the parking lock actuator Locking member, which can be brought into engagement with a second locking member kinematically coupled to the output shaft, to the output shaft with respect to rotation about the axis of rotation.

Description

State of the art

Electrically driven vehicles have an electric motor which is kinematically coupled to at least one axle or to at least one wheel of the vehicle in order to drive it. An electrical energy store, for example an accumulator, is typically provided as the electrical energy source for the motor. The electric motor is often electrically connected to the energy store via power electronics. Furthermore, it can be provided that a rotor shaft of the electric motor is kinematically coupled to a transmission in order to step up or step down the torque output by the rotor shaft and to make it available on a transmission shaft for driving the axle or the wheel.

Electrically powered vehicles, which are also referred to herein as electric vehicles, generally have parking brakes or parking brakes, which ensure that the vehicle does not start to roll unintentionally, for example when it is standing on an inclined roadway. Parking brakes of electric vehicles usually have an actuator device with an electric actuator and an electronic control and a locking mechanism which can be actuated by means of the actuator and brought into engagement with a gear shaft or another shaft driven by the electric motor. For example, in the DE 20 2009 014 189 U1 a drive device for a vehicle described, wherein an electric motor is arranged in a cylindrical housing provided with a cooling duct. A parking lock arrangement with a parking lock wheel is provided on one end of the housing, which is coupled to a transmission part coupled to a rotor of the electric motor and can be fixed by means of a pawl opposite the end of the housing. a drive for an electric vehicle is described which has an electric motor arranged in a housing, wherein a cooling channel is formed in the housing, and wherein a control housing is attached to the housing, in which electronic control components are arranged. To cool the control housing, it also has a cooling channel on a housing base, which is connected to the cooling channel of the housing.

the US 5 585 681 B1 describes a drive for an electric vehicle, which has an electric motor arranged in a housing, wherein a cooling channel is formed in the housing, and wherein a control housing, in which electronic control components are arranged, is fastened to the housing. To cool the control housing, it also has a cooling channel on a housing base, which is connected to the cooling channel of the housing.

Disclosure of the invention

The present invention relates to an electric drive device according to claim 1 and a vehicle according to claim 10.

According to a first aspect of the invention, an electric drive device for a vehicle is provided. The drive device comprises an electrical machine, which is set up to provide a torque on an output shaft rotatable about an axis of rotation, a machine housing with a jacket section surrounding the axis of rotation, which has a cooling region with a cooling channel formed therein for the passage of a cooling fluid, the electrical machine is arranged in the machine housing, a parking lock housing connected to the jacket section of the machine housing in the cooling area and a parking lock device with an electrical parking lock actuator arranged in the parking lock housing, an electronic parking lock control arranged in the parking lock housing for controlling the parking lock actuator and a first locking element which can be actuated by means of the parking lock actuator and which with a second locking member kinematically coupled to the output shaft can be brought into engagement in order to rotate the output shaft with respect to one another on to lock the rotation axis.

According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a vehicle, e.g.

One of the ideas on which the invention is based consists in accommodating a parking lock device in a parking lock housing which is connected in a thermally conductive manner to a cooled housing of an electrical machine. In particular, an electrical machine, which can be operated both as a motor and as a generator, for example, can be accommodated in a machine housing which encloses the electrical machine with at least one jacket section, with one or more cooling channels being formed in the jacket section in which a fluid can be circulated for cooling the electrical machine, for example by means of a coolant pump. For example, the electrical machine can have a rotor rotatable about an axis of rotation and a stator arranged concentrically to the axis of rotation and surrounding the rotor, the stator being thermally conductive to the for example, cylindrical shell portion is coupled.

The parking lock housing is arranged on an outside of the machine housing and connected to or attached to it. In particular, the parking lock housing is arranged in the cooling section of the jacket section, with at least one cooling channel being provided in the cooling section. An electric parking lock actuator, e.g. in the form of an electric motor, and an electronic control system, which is electrically connected to the parking lock actuator and is set up to actuate the parking lock actuator, are arranged in the parking lock housing. A first locking member, e.g. in the form of a pawl, is kinematically coupled to the parking lock actuator and can be moved by the latter, in particular between a first position and a second position. A second locking element is kinematically coupled to the output shaft, i.e. either connected to the output shaft in a rotationally fixed manner or movable through the output shaft via further intermediate elements such as gears or the like. In the first position or blocking position of the first blocking element, the latter is in engagement with the second actuator and thereby blocks a movement of the second actuator. Rotation of the output shaft in the first position of the first locking member is thus prevented. In the second position, the first and the second actuator are disengaged, so that a movement of the second actuator and thus a rotation of the output shaft is permitted.

By attaching the parking lock housing to the cooling section of the jacket section of the machine housing, cooling of the electronic control and the electrical parking lock actuator of the parking lock device is advantageously achieved. This advantageously lowers the thermal load on the parking lock device. As a result, on the one hand, the probability of failure of the parking lock device is advantageously reduced. This also makes it easier to use more cost-effective electronic components for the control. In addition, efficient cooling of both the electrical machine and the parking lock device is achieved via a common cooling fluid circuit, in particular via the same cooling channels. This advantageously reduces the design effort for cooling. Another advantage of attaching the parking lock housing directly to the machine housing is that vibrations in the parking lock housing are efficiently dampened due to the high mass of the electrical machine.

Advantageous refinements and developments result from the subclaims referring back to the independent claims in connection with the description.

According to one embodiment of the drive device, it can be provided that the jacket section extends along the axis of rotation and the cooling channel extends helically around the axis of rotation, so that a cooling region surrounding the axis of rotation is formed. In this way, a continuous, relatively long cooling channel is formed. This offers the advantage that a large surface area is provided for heat transfer and thus heat transfer from the electrical machine and from the parking lock device to the cooling fluid is further improved.

According to further embodiments it can be provided that the parking lock housing is formed in one piece with the machine housing. For example, side walls of the parking lock housing, which protrude in a radial direction from an outer surface of the machine housing and define an interior of the parking lock housing for receiving the control and the actuator, can be formed in one piece with the jacket section of the machine housing. For example, it can be provided that the machine housing and the parking lock housing, in particular its side walls, are formed as a cast part, e.g. made of a metal material. The one-piece design further improves the conduction of heat and thus the cooling of the parking lock device.

According to further embodiments, it can be provided that the parking lock housing is fastened to the machine housing by means of fastening devices. For example, the parking lock housing can have a trough-shaped base part, which defines an interior of the parking lock housing for receiving the control and the actuator, with flanges or other fastening structures being formed on the base part, via which the base part is attached to the casing section by means of screws, rivets, bolts or similar fastening devices the machine housing can be fastened. By fixing the parking lock housing to the machine housing via fastening devices, retrofitting or a modular structure of the drive device is facilitated.

According to further embodiments, the second locking member can be non-rotatably connected to one of the following components: a rotor shaft connected to a rotor of the electrical machine, which forms the output shaft, an intermediate shaft kinematically coupled to the output shaft, or with a gear shaft which is kinematically connected to the output shaft via gear members is coupled.

According to further embodiments, the drive device can one with the Have jacket portion of the machine housing in the cooling area connected coolant compressor. The cooling power provided by the cooling fluid in the cooling area is thus advantageously further utilized and the coolant compressor, which can be used, for example, to compress a coolant for an air conditioning system or the like, can be accommodated in a space-saving and low-vibration manner.

According to further embodiments, the drive device can have an electronics housing connected to the machine housing for receiving power electronics for controlling the electrical machine. The electronics housing can be arranged next to the parking lock housing, for example. Optionally, the electronics housing can also be located, at least in some areas, in the cooling area of the jacket section. The power electronics can thus advantageously be cooled at the same time.

According to further embodiments, the drive device can have a gear housing connected to the machine housing and a gear arranged in the gear housing with a gear shaft which is kinematically coupled to the output shaft of the electric machine via gear members. The gear housing and the machine housing can, for example, be designed in one piece as a cast housing or fastened to one another.

According to further embodiments, the cooling fluid can be oil, water, a water-glycol mixture or another viscous liquid. By using a liquid as the cooling fluid, the cooling performance is advantageously increased further.

In this context, “one-piece”, “one-piece”, “integral” or “one-piece” components are generally understood to mean that these components are present as a single part forming a material unit and, in particular, are manufactured as such, with one of the other component is not detachable from the other without breaking the material cohesion.

• 1 eine sich bei einem Schnitt entlang einer Rotationsachse ergebende schematische Schnittansicht einer elektrischen Antriebsvorrichtung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
• 2 eine sich bei einem Schnitt senkrecht zur Rotationsachse ergebende schematische Schnittansicht einer elektrischen Antriebsvorrichtung gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
• 3 eine sich bei einem Schnitt senkrecht zur Rotationsachse ergebende abgebrochene Schnittansicht einer elektrischen Antriebsvorrichtung gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
• 4 eine sich bei einem Schnitt senkrecht zur Rotationsachse ergebende abgebrochene Schnittansicht einer elektrischen Antriebsvorrichtung gemäß einem weiteren Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung; und
• 5 eine schematische Ansicht eines Fahrzeugs gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung als Blockschaltbild.

The invention is explained below with reference to the figures of the drawings. From the figures show:

• 1 a schematic sectional view of an electric drive device according to an embodiment of the invention resulting from a section along an axis of rotation;
• 2 a schematic sectional view resulting from a section perpendicular to the axis of rotation of an electric drive device according to a further embodiment of the invention;
• 3 a broken sectional view resulting from a section perpendicular to the axis of rotation of an electric drive device according to a further embodiment of the invention;
• 4th a broken sectional view resulting from a section perpendicular to the axis of rotation of an electric drive device according to a further embodiment of the invention; and
• 5 a schematic view of a vehicle according to an embodiment of the invention as a block diagram.

5 shows, purely schematically, a block diagram of a vehicle 100 , especially an electric vehicle, such as an electric car. As in 5 shown by way of example, the vehicle 100 an electric drive device 1 , an electrical energy storage device 105 and a drive axle or drive train 115 on. As in 5 is shown schematically, the electric drive device 1 an electric machine 2 , an optional power electronics 110 , a parking lock device 5 and an optional gearbox 6th exhibit. The electric machine 2 can for example be an electric motor that can also be operated as a generator. The electric machine 2 can in particular be implemented as a three-phase motor. It is also conceivable that the electrical machine 2 is implemented as a DC motor. The structure of the electrical machine 2 will be referred to below with reference to 2 explained in detail. As in 5 shown schematically, is the electric machine 2 about the power electronics 110 electrical energy from the energy store 105 fed. The electric machine 2 converts the electrical energy into kinematic energy or torque, which can be transmitted directly or via the optional gearbox 6th to the drive axle 115 is delivered. Unintentional rotation of the drive axle 115 to prevent, for example, when the vehicle 100 stands on an inclined roadway, can by means of the parking lock device 5 one rotation of an output shaft S (in 1 not shown) of the electrical machine 2 be prevented.

1 shows in a schematic manner and purely by way of example a sectional view of a drive device 1 such as in the in 5 exemplified vehicle 100 can be used. The drive device 1 has an electrical machine 2 , a machine housing 3 , a parking lock housing 4th and a parking lock device 5 on. 2 shows a further sectional view of a drive device 1 . As in 2 shown by way of example, the drive device 1 continue a optional gear housing 9 and an optional gearbox 6th exhibit. An electronics housing can also be used as an option 8th be provided. As in 2 An optional refrigerant compressor can also be shown by way of example 7th on the drive device 1 be provided.

As in 1 is shown schematically, the electrical machine 2 a rotor rotatable about an axis of rotation R. 20th and a stator which is arranged coaxially therewith and enclosing it 22nd exhibit. An output shaft S can kinematically be attached to the rotor 20th be coupled. As in 1 is shown by way of example, the output shaft S can, for example, by a coaxial to the axis of rotation R of the rotor 20th arranged and non-rotatably with the rotor 20th connected rotor shaft 21 be educated. General is the electric motor 2 set up to provide a torque on the output shaft S rotatable about an axis of rotation R.

The motor housing 3 can have a longitudinal axis L3 defining and enclosing the jacket section 30th , an optional first forehead section 31 and an optional second end portion 32 exhibit. The first forehead section 31 extends transversely to the longitudinal axis L3 and is with respect to the longitudinal axis L3 at a first end of the shell section 30th arranged. The second forehead section 32 extends transversely also transversely to the longitudinal axis L3 and is with respect to the longitudinal axis L3 at a second end of the jacket section opposite to the first end 30th arranged. As in 2 is shown by way of example, the jacket section 30th have a substantially cylindrical cross section.

As in the 1 and 2 is shown schematically, the jacket portion 30th one of the longitudinal axis L3 facing inner surface 30i and one opposite to the inner surface 30i oriented exterior surface 30a on, being between the inner surface 30i and the outer surface 30a a cross section of the shell portion 30th is defined. The jacket section 30th , especially the inner surface 30i defines an interior 36 . As in the 1 and 2 shown schematically is in the cross section of the shell portion 30th a cooling duct 34 educated. The cooling duct 34 can, for example, spiral around the longitudinal axis L3 extend like this in the 1 and 2 is shown schematically. The cooling duct 34 serves to convey a cooling fluid such as oil, water or a water-glycol mixture. A portion of the cladding section 30th , in which the cooling duct 34 is provided or runs, forms a cooling area 33 . The in 1 The spiral course shown as an example thus becomes the longitudinal axis L3 surrounding cooling area 33 educated.

The machine housing 3 can in particular be made of a metal material, for example an aluminum alloy. Since metal material typically has a high thermal conductivity or a low thermal resistance, an in the cooling channel 34 circulating cooling fluid an efficient cooling of the machine housing 3 be achieved. It is also conceivable that the motor housing 3 is formed from a plastic material.

As in 1 is also shown schematically, the electrical machine 2 in that through the jacket section 30th defined interior 36 and thus in the machine housing 3 arranged. Here is the stator 22nd on the inner surface 30i of the jacket section 30th arranged. The axis of rotation R can in particular be coaxial with the longitudinal axis L3 of the jacket section 30th be arranged or coincide with this.

As in 1 is also shown schematically, the parking lock housing 4th several side walls 40 and a lid 41 exhibit. The side walls 40 define a parking lock housing interior 45 . The lid 41 can, for example, be detachable on the side walls 40 be attached and closes the parking lock housing interior 45 away. As in 1 is shown by way of example, the parking lock housing 4th with the jacket section 30th of the machine housing 3 in the cooling area 33 connected parking lock housing 4th be connected. As in 1 shown is the parking lock housing 4th on the outer surface 30a of the jacket section 30th arranged. The cooling duct 34 runs particularly in the area of the parking lock housing 4th so that a heat exchange between the parking lock housing 4th , especially the interior of the parking lock housing 45 and the one in the cooling duct 34 circulating cooling fluid can take place.

As in 3 is shown by way of example, the parking lock housing 4th by means of fastening devices 46 on the jacket section 30th of the machine housing 3 be attached. For example, the parking lock housing 4th laterally from the side walls 40 protruding flanges 42 have, wherein the fastening devices 46 , for example in the form of screws, the flanges 42 on the jacket section 30th fix. Of course, instead of flanges 42 also on one with the side walls 40 connected ground 43 of the parking lock housing 4th Recesses (not shown) can be provided through which the fastening devices extend 46 extend to the parking lock housing 4th with the jacket section 30th connect to. As in 3 is shown by way of example, the floor 43 of the parking lock housing 4th on the outer surface 30a of the jacket section 30th issue. This further improves the heat transfer.

In 4th is shown schematically and purely by way of example that the parking lock housing 4th also in one piece with the machine housing 3 can be formed. In particular, the parking lock housing interior 45 defining side walls 40 integral with the jacket section 30th of the machine housing 3 be trained. The floor 43 of the parking lock housing 4th can in this case by a section of the outer surface 30a of the jacket section 30th of the machine housing 3 be formed, for example in the form of a recess, as shown in 4th is shown by way of example. The one-piece design reduces the thermal resistance between the cooling fluid and the parking lock housing 4th advantageously further reduced.

As in 1 is only shown schematically, the parking lock device 5 an electric parking lock actuator 50 , for example in the form of an electric motor, an electronic parking lock control 51 to control the parking lock actuator 50 , a first locking member 52A and a second locking member 52B exhibit. The parking lock control 51 can be formed, for example, by an analog or digital electronic circuit which is set up to control the parking lock actuator 50 to operate. The parking lock control 51 is for this purpose electrically conductive with the parking lock actuator 50 connected. As in 1 The parking lock control is shown schematically 51 and the parking lock actuator 50 in the parking lock housing 4th , especially in the interior of the parking lock housing 45 arranged. As the parking lock housing 4th in the cooling area 33 of the jacket section 30th is positioned, the parking lock control is cooled 51 and the parking lock actuator 50 using the in the cooling duct 34 circulating cooling fluid, reducing the thermal load on the parking lock control 51 and the parking lock actuator 50 is advantageously reduced.

The first locking member 52A is kinematic to the parking lock actuator 50 coupled and can be moved or actuated by this. In 1 is the first locking member 52A shown only by way of example as an elongated pin which, as indicated by the arrow P, transversely to the longitudinal axis L3 movable on the jacket section 30th is stored. It is also conceivable that the first locking member 52A is designed as a pivotably mounted pawl or the like.

The second locking member 52B can for example be designed as a gear or generally as a sleeve which has a locking structure on its outer circumference, into which the first locking member 51A can intervene positively. As in 1 shown by way of example, the second locking member 52B non-rotatably with the rotor shaft 21 be connected. Of course, the second locking member 52B also be connected to another shaft or another rotating part which is kinematically connected to the output shaft S. The first locking member 52A is by means of the actuator 50 between a first locking position in which the first locking member 52A into the locking structure or generally into the second locking member 52B engages, and movable to a second release position in which the first and second locking members 52A , 52B are disengaged. 1 shows purely by way of example and only schematically that the first locking member 52A is arranged in the locked position. Because the second locking member 52B is kinematically coupled to the output shaft S, rotation of the output shaft S is prevented in the locked position.

2 shows an example of a sectional view of the drive device 1 that are perpendicular to the longitudinal axis when a section is made L3 or to the axis of rotation R results. As in 2 The drive device can be shown by way of example 1 an optional gearbox 6th exhibit. The optional transmission 6th is in a gearbox 9 arranged, which with the machine housing 3 is connected and, for example, formed in one piece with this or detachable on the machine housing 3 can be attached. As in 2 is shown by way of example, the transmission housing 9 for example in relation to a transverse to the longitudinal axis L3 extending radial direction laterally of the jacket section 30th of the machine housing 3 be located. The gearbox 9 defines an interior 91 in which the transmission 6th is arranged.

The gear 9 can in particular a gear shaft 65 have, which have several transmission links 63 like gears or the like, which in 2 are shown only symbolically as double-dashed lines, kinematically on the output shaft S of the electrical machine 3 is coupled. For example, the transmission 6th one with respect to the radial direction between the output shaft S and the transmission shaft 65 located intermediate shaft 60 exhibited, on which a transmission link 63 is stored. Furthermore, on the rotor shaft 21 or the output shaft S is a gear member 63 be stored, for example in the form of a gear, as shown in 1 is shown by way of example. The transmission links 63 are in engagement, so that the torque provided on the output shaft S by the electric machine is transmitted to the transmission shaft 65 corresponding to that through the transmission links 63 defined translation can be tapped. As an alternative to the in 1 coupling of the second locking member shown as an example 52A to the rotor shaft 21 it is also conceivable that the second locking member 52B non-rotatably with the intermediate shaft 60 or the gear shaft 65 connected is.

As in 2 is also shown by way of example, a with the jacket section 30th of the machine housing 3 in the cooling area 33 connected refrigerant compressor 7th be provided. In 2 the coolant compressor is shown only symbolically as a part in the shape of a segment of a circle. The refrigerant compressor 7th can be implemented as a scroll compressor, for example. In general, the refrigerant compressor 7th for compressing a coolant, e.g. for an air conditioning system or other cooling circuits in the vehicle 100 be provided.

2 also shows, by way of example, that one with the machine housing 3 connected electronics housing 8th to accommodate the optional power electronics 110 of the vehicle 100 can be provided. The electronics housing 8th can for example have a trough-shaped part which defines an interior space, and a cover which is detachably connected to the trough-shaped part and which closes the interior space. In the interior of the electronics housing 8th can power electronics 110 be added, which is set up, the electrical machine 2 to control.

Although the present invention has been explained above using exemplary embodiments, it is not restricted thereto, but rather can be modified in many ways. In particular, combinations of the preceding exemplary embodiments are also conceivable.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 202009014189 U1 [0002]
• US 5585681 B1 [0003]

Claims (10)

Electric drive device (1) for a vehicle (100), comprising: an electrical machine (2) which is set up to provide a torque on an output shaft (S) rotatable about an axis of rotation (R); a machine housing (3) with a jacket section (30) which surrounds the axis of rotation (R) and which has a cooling region (33) with a cooling channel (34) formed therein for the passage of a cooling fluid, the electrical machine (2) in the machine housing (3 ) is arranged; a parking lock housing (4) connected to the jacket section (30) of the machine housing (3) in the cooling area (33); and a parking lock device (5) with an electrical parking lock actuator (50) arranged in the parking lock housing (4), an electronic parking lock control (51) arranged in the parking lock housing (4) for controlling the parking lock actuator (50) and a first actuatable by means of the parking lock actuator (50) Locking member (52A) which can be brought into engagement with a second locking member (52B) kinematically coupled to the output shaft (S) in order to lock the output shaft (S) with respect to rotation about the axis of rotation (D). Drive device (1) according to Claim 1 wherein the jacket section (30) extends along the axis of rotation (R) and the cooling channel (34) extends in a spiral around the axis of rotation (R), so that a cooling region (33) surrounding the axis of rotation (R) is formed. Drive device (1) according to Claim 1 or 2 , wherein the parking lock housing (4) is formed in one piece with the machine housing (3). Drive device (1) according to Claim 1 or 2 wherein the parking lock housing (4) is fastened to the machine housing (3) by means of fastening devices (46). Drive device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the second locking member (52B) is connected non-rotatably to one of the following components: a rotor shaft (21) which is connected to a rotor (20) of the electrical machine and which forms the output shaft (S), an intermediate shaft (60) kinematically coupled to the output shaft (S) or to a gear shaft (65) which via gear members (63 ) is kinematically coupled to the output shaft (S). Drive device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, additionally comprising: a coolant compressor (7) connected to the jacket section (30) of the machine housing (3) in the cooling area (33). Drive device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, additionally comprising: an electronics housing (8) connected to the machine housing (3) for accommodating power electronics (110) for controlling the electrical machine (2). Drive device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, additionally comprising: a gear housing (9) connected to the machine housing (3); and a gear (6) arranged in the gear housing (9) with a gear shaft (65) which is kinematically coupled to the output shaft (S) of the electrical machine (2) via gear members (63). Drive device (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the cooling fluid is oil, water, a water-glycol mixture or another viscous liquid. Vehicle (100) with a drive device (1) according to one of the preceding claims.

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