DE102020128306A1 - Planetary carrier assembly, method of manufacturing a planetary carrier assembly and planetary gears - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a planet carrier assembly (1) consisting of at least one carrier cheek (2) of a planet carrier (3) and consisting of at least one shaft (4), the carrier cheek (2) and the shaft (4) being connected to at least one joining zone ( 5) connected to each other by friction welding.

Description

field of invention

The planet carrier assembly consisting of at least one carrier cheek of a planet carrier and consisting of at least one shaft, the carrier cheek and the shaft being connected to one another by friction welding at at least one joining zone. The invention further relates to a method for producing such a planetary carrier assembly and a planetary gear with a planetary carrier assembly manufactured according to the method.

Background of the Invention

In the DE 10 2014 217 400 A1 a planet carrier is described. The planet carrier is formed by two carrier cheeks and a shaft. The shaft is designed as a sun wheel of a planetary gear. The sun wheel and one of the carrier cheeks are connected to one another in a radial plane at the front at a butt joint by friction welding with an I-seam.

A planetary gear with a planet carrier assembly of the type is in DE 11 2012 000 461 B4 disclosed. The planetary gear is formed by planetary gears, planetary bolts and a planetary carrier assembly. The planet carrier assembly is made up of various components. One component is a planetary carrier made up of two carrier cheeks and the other component is a shaft with a radial flange. The planetary carrier has two carrier cheeks made of sheet metal, which are connected to one another axially by webs and planetary bolts. The planet carrier and the shaft are permanently bonded to one another. According to the 1 the DE 11 2012 000 461 B4 illustrated embodiment, one of the carrier cheeks has a through hole with an inner cylindrical guide surface. The inside diameter of the guide surface corresponds in nominal size to the outside diameter of an external cylindrical guide surface on the flange. Each of the guide surfaces is adjoined axially on one side by a conical joining surface, each of which is designed like a chamfer. The carrier cheek is placed on the flange in such a way that the inner-cylindrical guide surface and the outer-cylindrical guide surface lie concentrically and radially against one another and the planetary carrier and the joint surfaces are thus guided concentrically with the shaft or with the radial flange. The through hole is axially followed by an annular shoulder, the inner diameter of which is smaller than the outer diameter of the outer cylindrical guide surface on the flange. This annular shoulder forms an axial stop. The axial stop ensures that the two joining surfaces are aligned axially with one another in such a way that they lie radially opposite one another and are not axially offset from one another. Due to the opposing conical joining surfaces or chamfers, an axially aligned V-shaped annular groove is formed at this point, which is designed as a V-weld seam by filling, so that the planet carrier and the shaft are connected to one another in a non-detachable material bond at this joining zone . The guide surfaces are unaffected by the weld seam at the joining zone, so that the V-seam is designed in the manner of non-penetrating butt welds.

In DE 10 2013 008 658 A1 describes a connection in a drive element of a vehicle, which is designed as a friction welded connection between a gear wheel and a shaft. As an option of a friction welding process, a friction welded connection by sliding friction welding is provided.

From the EP3241642 B1 shows the special design of a joint structure created by sliding friction welding.

DE 10 2008 064 267 A1 discloses a friction welded connection on a plug connection between two components. The paragraphs of both plug-in areas are conically shaped. The contact pressure during friction welding acts on these. Multiple annular welds are formed in an array of multiple conical shoulders. The conical design of the joining areas also serves to center the components coaxially during friction welding.

Description of the invention

The object of the invention is to create a planet carrier assembly that can be produced easily and inexpensively.

This object is achieved according to the subject matter of claim 1.

According to the invention, it is provided that the joining zone is formed by joining regions which are materially connected to one another and are of conical design.

Joining areas are joining edges or joining surfaces that lie against one another, in this specific case conical surfaces, on the components that are rubbed against one another during friction welding.

The joining zone is the zone where the components are joined together after friction welding are inseparably connected to one another by friction welding.

Friction welding is a welding process from the group of pressure welding without additional materials. Two components are moved relative to one another under pressure, with the components touching at the contact surfaces. The resulting friction causes the material to heat up and plasticize. A "weld seam" made of homogeneous material that is infused with the materials of both components connects components in a material-to-material manner at a weld joint.

According to one embodiment of the invention, rotary friction welding is used. In this joining process, full-surface contact connections are usually created. Rotating one workpiece relative to another while under compressive (axial crushing) forces creates friction, which generates heat between the two mating surfaces and plasticizes the material.

• Anreiben - Drehen eines der Werkstücke; das andere Werkstück zugleich mit einem definierten Druck gegendrücken.
• Reiben - Die Berührungsflächen erwärmen sich durch bei Relativbewegung (Rotation) und den gleichzeitigen Druck entstehende Reibschweiß-Reibung und Plastifizieren der Materialien der Fügeflächen.
• Stauchen - Die Rotation wird gestoppt und der Druck noch einmal erhöht. Der plastifizierte Werkstoff kann so mit dem anderen Bauteil verbunden werden.
• Halten - Die beiden die Teile schnellstens und präzise zueinander zu positionieren bzw. positioniert und noch unter Druck halten und langsam abkühlen.

In general, the friction welding process can be described by the following steps or phases:

• rubbing - turning one of the workpieces; press the other workpiece at the same time with a defined pressure.
• Rubbing - The contact surfaces heat up as a result of the friction welding friction that occurs during relative movement (rotation) and the simultaneous pressure and plasticization of the materials on the joining surfaces.
• Upsetting - The rotation is stopped and the pressure is increased again. The plasticized material can thus be connected to the other component.
• Hold - The two to position the parts to each other as quickly and precisely as possible or to position them and keep them under pressure and cool them down slowly.

It must be taken into account that these steps or phases are carried out steplessly and without interruption in one go.

Precision friction welding within the meaning of the invention is rotating friction welding, for example rotating vibration welding, for rotationally symmetrical components that can be rotated about the axis of symmetry, preferably using sliding friction welding. The components to be welded are therefore designed conically in the joining areas so that they are better aligned with each other after welding. The joining areas are plugged into one another and, due to their conicity, are centered radially on one another completely with respect to their axis of rotation.

In the case of sliding friction welding, the joining areas of the components to be joined overlap at least partially coaxially. At least one of the components must have at least one inner surface that is directed towards the axis of symmetry or the axis of rotation and runs around it. The other component must have the same number of outer surfaces facing radially away from the axis of symmetry or the axis of rotation and surrounding the axes, with a radially increasing or decreasing contour. The other component picks it up with or in this contour. In this specific case, the inner or outer conical contour of the components in the joining area is characterized in one axial direction by a reduction in the outer diameter and the inner diameter or in the other axial direction by an increase in the inner diameter and the outer diameter. This is viewed in each case in the axial direction starting from one end of the joining zone towards the other end of the joining zone.

In general, the surfaces correspond geometrically in terms of their dimensions in such a way that a plug-in connection results between the two components when they are pushed into one another axially. As a rule, however, an excess of material is initially provided either on the joining areas of both components or on only one. In the frictional contact during friction welding, this excess material deforms or is plastically displaced in such a way that the components in the joining zone are precisely connected to one another. A weld bead forms on the side of the joining zone from the excess material that is displaced in the process. Alternatively, an alternative zone is provided, into which the superfluous material can escape.

If necessary, post-processing of the weld bead by machining or smoothing by roller burnishing or rolling is provided. The latter is also carried out when the materials are still hot, for example, which means that compressive stresses can be introduced into the joint in a targeted manner to avoid cracks and the weld seam can be completely filled if necessary.

• - Durch die Stauchkraft wird eine homogene Verbindung zwischen den Ausgangsmaterialien hergestellt.
• - Beim Reibschweißen sind keine Zusatzwerkstoffe, Flussmittel oder Schutzgase erforderlich.
• - Es entstehen keine Schweißspritzer.
• - Umlaufend gleichmäßiger Ausbildung einer Fügestelle, Schweißzone bzw. Schweißnaht mit sehr geringen radialen Abmessungen;
• - Reibschweißverbindungen weisen aufgrund der vollflächigen Anlage und dem homogenen Gefüge sehr hohe Qualitäten auf.
• - Sowohl gleiche als auch unterschiedliche Materialien können mit Hilfe dieser Technologie verbunden werden. Das betrifft zum Beispiel Werkstoffe und deren Kombinationen wie Stahl und Edelstahl, Kupfer und Aluminium, Kupfer bzw. Aluminium und Edelstahl, Titan und Aluminium. Beim Schweißen von Stahl lassen sich Kohlenstoffstahl und Edelstahl genauso miteinander kombinieren wie Stähle unterschiedlicher Legierungen bzw. abweichenden Legierungsbestandteilen bzw. Volumenanteilen von Legierungselementen.
• - hoher Automatisierungsgrad des Prozesses möglich;
• - kurze Taktzeiten bei der Herstellung der Schweißverbindung;
• - geringere Kosten - zum Beispiel, weil keine Zusatzwerkstoffe benötigt werden, wegen der Automatisierung und weil die Taktzeiten kurz sind;
• - Das Verfahren kann bei der Herstellung von Baugruppen mit in geringer oder hoher Stückzahl von einzelnen Verbindungen für Einzelstücke bzw. Muster bis hin zur Großserienfertigung geeignet eingesetzt werden.

Various advantages result from the use of friction welding:

• - The compression force creates a homogeneous connection between the starting materials.
• - No additional materials, fluxes or shielding gases are required for friction welding.
• - There are no weld spatters.
• - Circumferentially uniform formation of a joint, welding zone or weld seam with very small radial dimensions;
• - Due to the full-surface contact and the homogeneous structure, friction-welded connections have very high qualities.
• - Both the same and different materials can be joined using this technology. This applies, for example, to materials and their combinations such as steel and stainless steel, copper and aluminum, copper or aluminum and stainless steel, titanium and aluminum. When welding steel, carbon steel and stainless steel can be combined with one another, as can steels of different alloys or different alloy components or volume fractions of alloy elements.
• - high degree of automation of the process possible;
• - short cycle times in the production of the welded joint;
• - lower costs - for example, because no additional materials are required, because of the automation and because the cycle times are short;
• - The method can be used in the manufacture of assemblies with small or large numbers of individual connections for individual pieces or samples up to large-scale production.

character list

• 1 zeigt ein Planetengetriebe 20 mit einer Planetenträger-Baugruppe 1 in einem Längsschnitt entlang der Rotations- bzw. Zentralachse 12.
• Die 2 und 3 zeigen eine Trägerwange 2 und die Welle 4 der in 1 gezeigten Planetenträger-Bautruppe 1 jeweils in einer Gesamtansicht und in einer Ausgangsposition, aus welcher diese beiden Bauteile aufeinander zu bewegt und durch Reibschweißen miteinander verbunden werden.
• 4 zeigt eine aus der Trägerwange 2 und der Welle 4 gebildete Vorstufe einer in 6 gezeigten Vormontagebaugruppe 13, in einem Längsschnitt entlang der Zentralachse 12.
• In 5 ist die mit 4 beschriebene Vorstufe der Vormontagebaugruppe 13 in einer Gesamtansicht dargestellt.
• 6 zeigt die fertige Vormontagebaugruppe 13 in einer Gesamtansicht.
• In 7 ist die fertige Planetenträger-Baugruppe 1 in einem Längsschnitt entlang der Zentralachse 12 abgebildet.
• In 8 ist die Planetenträger-Baugruppe 1 in einer Gesamtansicht dargestellt.

The invention is explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment.

• 1 shows a planetary gear 20 with a planetary carrier assembly 1 in a longitudinal section along the rotation or central axis 12.
• the 2 and 3 show a carrier cheek 2 and the shaft 4 of the 1 shown planet carrier construction team 1 each in an overall view and in a starting position, from which these two components are moved towards each other and connected to each other by friction welding.
• 4 shows a precursor of an in 6 shown subassembly 13, in a longitudinal section along the central axis 12.
• In 5 is the one with 4 described precursor of the pre-assembly assembly 13 shown in an overall view.
• 6 shows the finished pre-assembly assembly 13 in an overall view.
• In 7 the finished planet carrier assembly 1 is shown in a longitudinal section along the central axis 12 .
• In 8th the planet carrier assembly 1 is shown in an overall view.

1 , 7 and 8th - The planet carrier assembly 1 consists of the carrier cheek 2, the carrier cheek 14, connecting webs 17 (in 1 not visible) and the shaft 4 assembled. The connecting webs 17 are formed in one piece with the carrier cheek 14 . The carrier cheeks 2 and 14 face each other at an axial distance. For the purposes of the invention, axial is in the same direction as the central axis 12, regardless of the orientation of the central axis 12 in space. Within the meaning of the invention, radial is always aligned transversely or perpendicularly to the central axis 12 . The support cheeks 2 and 14 are provided with through holes 18 and 19, respectively. Each hole 18 in one carrier cheek 2 is located on a pin axis 21 coaxially aligned with a through hole 19 axially opposite.

1 - The planetary gear 20 is formed from the planetary carrier assembly 1, a set of planetary gears 15 and planetary pin 16. The planet pins 16 (only one planet pin is visible) are each seated on the left in a through hole 19 of the carrier cheek 14 and on the right in a through hole 18 of the carrier cheek 2. On each of the planet pins 16, a planet wheel 15 is rotatably mounted about the pin axis 21 by means of a planet bearing 22 .

1 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 and 8th - The carrier cheek 2 and the shaft 4 are connected to one another at a conical ring-shaped joining zone 5 by friction welding. For this purpose, the carrier cheek 2 sits on the flange 10. The flange 10 is formed in one piece with the shaft 4 in one material. The joining zone 5 is implemented radially between the flange 10 and the beam cheek 2 .

1 , 4 and 7 The joining zone 5 is formed by joining regions 6 and 7 which are materially connected to one another and are of conical design. The first joining area 6 is formed by an internally conical first surface 8 on the carrier cheek 2 and the second joining area 7 is an externally conical second surface 9 formed on the shaft 4 or on the flange 10.

2 and 3 - The carrier cheek 2 and the shaft 4 are prepared for a sliding friction welded connection. For this purpose, the carrier cheek 2 is provided with the inner conical surface 8 at a through hole 23 on the inside. The flange 10 has the outer conical surface 9 on its outer circumference. The diameters D1 and D2 and cone angles ax and ay are the same or differ slightly from each other (see 3 ). If these differ from one another, for example in such a way that at least one is larger than the nominal size and the other corresponds to the nominal size, this results in excess material. The carrier cheek 2 and the shaft 4 are first centered on one another along the central axis 12, first moved towards one another for a plug-in connection in the direction of the axial arrows and plugged into one another and thereby centered coaxially on one another and connected to one another by rotary friction welding. Welding rotation is usually performed on one of the components while the other is held. At the same time, pressure is exerted in the direction of the axially directed arrows during rubbing.

4 and 5 - Due to a plastically displaced excess material, weld beads 24 or 25 arise, which protrude axially from the joining zone 5. In 6 the joining zone 5 of the pre-assembly assembly 13 is plastered, ie the welding bead 24 and 25 are no longer visible, since they have been removed by machining or smoothed by plastic molding.

Reference List

3

1 Planet carrier assembly 2 Carrier cheek Planet carrier

4

Wave

5

joining zone

6

first joining area

7

second joining area

8th

inner conical first surface

9

externally conical second surface

10

flange

11

not forgiven

12

central axis

13

pre-assembly assembly

14

carrier cheek

15

planet wheel

16

planet bolt

17

connecting bars

18

through hole

19

through hole

20

planetary gear

21

bolt axle

22

planetary bearings

23

through hole

24

welding bead

25

welding bead

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• DE 102014217400 A1 [0002]
• DE 112012000461 B4 [0003]
• DE 102013008658 A1 [0004]
• EP 3241642 B1 [0005]
• DE 102008064267 A1 [0006]

Claims (7)

Planetary carrier assembly (1) consisting of at least one carrier cheek (2) of a planetary carrier (3) and consisting of at least one shaft (4), the carrier cheek (2) and the shaft (4) being bonded to at least one joining zone (5) by friction welding are connected to one another, characterized in that the joining zone (5) is formed by joining regions (6, 7) which are materially bonded to one another and are of conical design. planet carrier assembly (1). claim 1 , characterized in that the first joining area (6) is formed by an internally conical first surface (8) on the carrier cheek (2) and in that the second joining area (7) forms an externally conical second surface (9) formed on the shaft (4). . Planet carrier assembly (1) according to any one of the preceding Claims 1 or 2 , characterized in that the shaft (4) is provided with a flange (10) extending radially from the shaft (4), the flange (10) having the externally conical second surface (9). Planet carrier assembly (1) according to any one of the preceding Claims 1 , 2 or 3 , characterized in that the carrier cheek (2) consists of a different material than the shaft. Method of manufacturing a planet carrier assembly (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the carrier cheek (2) and the shaft (4) are produced by a sliding friction welded connection. procedure after claim 5 , characterized in that the carrier cheek (2) and the shaft (4) are initially centered coaxially to one another by a plug-in connection (11) and are connected to one another by rotary friction welding. Planetary gear (20) with a planet carrier assembly (1), which according to any one of the preceding Claims 1 until 4 formed and by a method according to claims 5 and 6 is manufactured, characterized in that the planetary carrier assembly (1) has a further carrier cheek (14), and that the planetary gear (20) has at least one set of planetary gears (15) and planetary bolts (16), the planetary bolts (16) being on the left-hand side in one of the carrier cheeks (2, 14) and on the right-hand side in one of the carrier cheeks (2, 14) and supported, and wherein at least one planet gear (15) of the planet gears (15) is rotatably mounted on each of the planet bolts (16).

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