DE102020113336A1 - Bistable electromotive relay - Google Patents

Abstract

Bistable electromotive relay, in particular automotive relay, with a housing in which a printed circuit board, at least one coil and control electronics connected via the printed circuit board to the at least one coil are arranged for controlling the coil, and with standardized connections, in particular flat plugs, for Wiring connection of the printed circuit board with a circuit, in particular the electrical system of a vehicle, characterized in that the control electronics have an energy store for simulating the switching behavior of a monostable electromotive relay.Method for simulating the switching behavior of a monostable electromotive relay by means of a bistable electromotive relay according to one of the claims 1 to 7, in which the relay is wired to a supply circuit, in particular the on-board network of a vehicle, and in which, when a supply voltage is applied, in particular re in the form of an on-board voltage of nominal value from 10V to 100V, on the relay the at least one coil of the relay is electrically controlled by the control electronics by means of a single current pulse, whereby the energy required for the current pulse is drawn from the applied supply voltage and when the Supply voltage an energy store provided by the control electronics is charged and in which the at least one coil of the relay is electrically controlled by the control electronics by means of a current pulse during or after the supply voltage is switched off, the energy required for the current pulse being provided by the previously charged energy store .

Description

The invention relates to a bistable electromotive relay, in particular a motor vehicle relay, with a housing in which a circuit board, at least one coil and control electronics connected via the circuit board to the at least one coil are arranged for controlling the coil, and with standardized connections, in particular flat plugs, for the line connection of the circuit board with at least one circuit, in particular the electrical system of a vehicle. The invention also relates to a method for simulating the switching behavior of a monostable electromotive relay by means of the bistable electromotive relay according to the invention.

Relays in general are switches for opening and / or closing a circuit. On the one hand, electromotive relays are known in which electromagnetic coils are used. On the other hand, semiconductor relays such as MOSFETs are known. The present invention relates exclusively to the field of electromotive relays.

Electromotive relays are particularly well known in the automotive field. They are mostly designed as an electronic assembly made up of various electronic components, which can be “ready-to-use” without further adjustments on a circuit board or on a corresponding connection of a network, in particular a vehicle's electrical system, with a given architecture.

In the field of electromotive relays, so-called monostable relays are primarily known. In the automotive sector in particular, they are used in large numbers to switch and control a large number of processes. The mode of operation of monostable standard relays is such that the switching contact only remains attracted as long as a coil voltage is applied. If the coil voltage is removed, the switching contact falls back to its starting position.

Due to the fact that the coil voltage has to be applied during the entire switching interval, monostable relays consume a comparatively large amount of current and tend to generate a lot of heat with a corresponding load.

In this context, so-called bistable relays are also known in the prior art. Bistable relays are characterized by the fact that they can adopt two different stable switching states when they are de-energized. There are essentially two different types of bistable relays. Those with a 1-coil structure and those with a 2-coil structure. Due to its design, the bistable relay only needs a short pulse to switch, for example 100 ms with nominal voltage. Through appropriate mechanisms, such as the magnetic force of a permanent magnet arranged inside the coil, the relay remains in this position without external energy supply until either a negative pulse on the same coil switches the relay back (1-coil structure) or a pulse of the same polarity on the another coil takes place (2-coil structure). For this purpose, the coil (s) of the bistable relay is controlled by electronics in such a way that either the polarity of the coil is reversed or the respective coil is controlled for switching.

In comparison with monostable relays, bistable relays consume less power due to the shorter energization time and develop almost no heat. In general, lower power consumption is always desirable in times of climate change. In addition, lower energy consumption in the automotive sector is also of great advantage because the capacity of a vehicle's electrical system is limited. The low heat generation is also an advantage, as it allows several relays to be packed more closely.

However, so far all attempts in the automotive sector to replace monostable relays with bistable relays across the board have failed. One of the reasons for this is that the basic on-board network architecture is specified by the vehicle manufacturer, but the electronic components are developed and provided by suppliers in accordance with the specified architecture. However, the suppliers have no influence on the basic architecture. If a monostable relay is provided in the architecture, it cannot be replaced by a bistable relay without significant intervention in the on-board network due to the different switching behavior and the various requirements for the control associated with it. To do this, the vehicle manufacturer would first have to make extensive changes to the on-board network.

However, this is not practical. Especially not if a vehicle has already left the development phase. Retrofitting by a vehicle owner who has not been professionally trained is therefore fundamentally ruled out.

The invention is therefore based on the task of overcoming the aforementioned technical problems in general and replacing monostable relays with bistable relays, especially in the automotive sector, in a simple and economical way.

To solve this problem, the invention proposes a bistable electromotive relay mentioned at the beginning, in particular a motor vehicle relay, which is characterized in that the control electronics have an energy store for simulating the switching behavior of a monostable electromotive relay.

By means of the relay according to the invention, an electronic assembly is provided which can be used without further modification by the user and can replace a monostable electromotive relay 1: 1 in its intended position in the circuit. By using the bistable relay according to the invention, less energy is advantageously required and the generation of heat is reduced. The switching behavior of a monostable relay is fully retained. This is achieved by the energy storage provided. The sequence is as follows: The bistable relay according to the invention is connected to the circuit oriented towards a monostable relay, in particular the on-board network of the vehicle. As a rule, the relay provides connections for connection to a supply circuit and a working circuit. The control electronics are fed via the supply voltage, which in turn controls the at least one coil electrically, in particular poles. Depending on the charge state of the at least one coil, the working circuit is closed or opened via a corresponding coil armature. If the supply voltage is switched on, it is applied to the control electronics. As soon as it is applied, the coil is triggered by a single, short, for example 100ms, current pulse on the control electronics side. In addition, the coil is then de-energized while the supply voltage is applied. Furthermore, the energy store is charged when the supply voltage is applied. In this way, even when the supply voltage is switched off, sufficient energy is available to trigger the coil again. In this case, when the supply voltage is switched off, during or immediately afterwards, i.e. when the supply voltage is not applied, the at least one coil is activated on the control electronics side by means of a new short, one-time current pulse, so that the working circuit is opened or closed again in reverse of the previous action . In this respect, the bistable electromotive relay according to the invention advantageously has the characteristic switching behavior of a monostable electromotive relay and still offers the same advantages of a conventional bistable relay in terms of power consumption and heat generation.

As is also known in the prior art, the bistable relay according to the invention can have a 1-coil or 2-coil design. In the first case, the control electronics are connected to the single coil via a line. In this case, the coil of the bistable relay is controlled by control electronics in such a way that either the polarity of the coil is reversed. When the supply voltage is switched off, the energy for this is provided by the energy store. In the second case, the control electronics are also electrically connected to the second coil via a separate power supply. In this case, the relevant coil of the bistable relay is activated for switching by the control electronics via the respective line. When the supply voltage is switched off, the energy for this is provided by the energy store.

In the context of the invention, the term “relay” is not restricted to the actual switching element. Rather, this can also be understood to mean an electronic assembly with further components which are arranged in the housing and have a wiring connection with the actual switching element.

In the area of vehicle electrical systems in particular, the supply voltage is usually between 10V and 100V. Cars usually have on-board voltages of 12V or 24V. In electric vehicles in particular, the on-board voltage can also be higher, preferably 48V. In its special configuration as a motor vehicle relay, the relay is therefore particularly intended and designed for use with these voltages. According to the invention, however, it is possible to deviate from this with reference to some components in order to achieve a preferred advantage.

According to the invention, the control electronics have an energy store to simulate the switching behavior of a monostable relay. The energy store is used to store electrical energy, which is used as intended to enable the necessary control of the coil when the supply voltage is switched off by providing electrical energy. The energy store has at least one capacitor. Compared to other energy storage devices, a capacitor is characterized by its simple structure, its comparatively small dimensions and its good scalability for coil sizes. It is possible to use a single capacitor as an energy store. Alternatively, the energy store can have two or more capacitors. As a result, the capacitors can each be dimensioned smaller than when using a single capacitor, which may save installation space and / or facilitate the arrangement on the circuit board. As alternative In the embodiment, it is in principle also possible to design the energy store as a battery, in particular as an accumulator.

In view of the fact that the housing of relays, in particular of automotive relays, is subject to international standards, the installation space is limited. This installation space is sometimes insufficient for capacitors for providing suitable current quantities for coils, which are designed according to their size for common supply voltages within an on-board network of vehicles. It is therefore advantageous to make the capacitors as small as possible when providing the necessary power. There are various options available for this, which are effective individually and in combination with one another.

On the one hand, there is the already mentioned preferred possibility of using two or more capacitors, each of which is smaller, instead of one capacitor.

For the second preferred option, it is important to know in this context that, particularly in the area of vehicle electrical systems, the nominal voltage of the supply circuit is usually between 10V and 100V, in particular 12V, 24V or 48V. In its special embodiment as a motor vehicle relay, the relay is therefore particularly intended and designed for use with these nominal voltages. According to the invention, however, it is possible to deviate from this with reference to some components in order to achieve a preferred advantage. In accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, use is made of this with regard to the nominal coil voltage of the at least one coil. In this sense, it is preferably provided that the at least one coil is designed to be undersized with regard to its coil voltage in comparison with the intended nominal voltage of the supply circuit. The coil voltage is therefore lower than the nominal voltage of the supply circuit. This makes it possible to also make the capacitor, which is adapted to the coil voltage, smaller, whereby its space requirement is advantageously reduced. This embodiment makes use of the fact that coils with undersized coil voltage can briefly switch higher voltages without damage. The coil voltage is preferably selected in such a way that it is up to 35% below the intended nominal voltage. It is particularly advantageous to use at least one coil with a nominal maximum coil voltage of 8V to 10V when the supply circuit has a specified nominal voltage of 12V. In the case of an intended nominal voltage of the supply circuit of 24V, it is preferably provided that at least one coil with a nominal maximum coil voltage of 16V to 21V is used. In the case of an intended nominal voltage of the supply circuit of 48V, it is preferably provided that at least one coil with a nominal maximum coil voltage of 35V to 43V is used. As a result, capacitors with a lower capacitance can be used and their size can be reduced.

A third preferred possibility consists in connecting the energy store, in particular the capacitor, to a voltage booster in terms of lines. The voltage booster is preferably part of the control electronics. A voltage booster can be used to generate a buffer voltage for charging, in particular recharging, the capacitor, which has a higher value than the supply voltage. As a result, the capacitor can also be designed with a reduced structural size, since the electrical energy additionally required for the switch-off pulse is provided by the voltage booster. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the voltage booster is formed by a charge pump.

The control electronics preferably have the option of detecting and / or calling up the switching state of the relay. Depending on the switching state, the control electronics actuate the at least one coil to change the switching state when a switching on or off of the supply voltage is first detected. According to a preferred feature of the invention, the control electronics have for this purpose a status memory for the retrievable storage of the switching status of the relay. The status memory can be designed as a simple circuit. Alternatively, it is preferred to design the status memory as a data memory, for example in the form of a flash memory / flip-flop.

According to an alternative or preferred feature of the invention, the control electronics are connected by means of separate lines to the working circuit to be switched by means of the relay in order to query the switching state of the relay directly.

According to the invention, the relay has a housing. The purpose of the housing is to protect the sensitive electronic or electrical components arranged in the housing interior from damage. It can be made of metal or plastic. It is preferably made of plastic. The housing preferably has a base plate which closes the interior of the housing on the connection side. The electrical connections for the utility grid and the working grid. The connections are preferably held securely in position in the base plate. The base plate is preferably used to attach the circuit board. The base plate is connected to the circuit board via the connections fixed to it. For this purpose, the connections are connected to the circuit board on the circuit board side, in particular by means of soldering or press-fit technology. The connections are preferably formed from flat rod-shaped contacts, which are usually referred to as flat connectors.

The housing can be of any size. However, if it is used in the vehicle sector, in particular the motor vehicle sector, the dimensions and connection geometry must correspond to the relevant standards. A standardized system is usually used here, which defines the interface to the mating connector in the form of contact arrangement and contact geometry in accordance with the relevant ISO standards 7588 or 8092. It is preferably provided that for reasons of compatibility at least one of the connections or contacts is designed as a standardized flat plug. The relay preferably has up to 9 connections or contacts. In different configurations, the relay preferably has between 4 and 9 connections or contacts, depending on the place of use. The relay particularly preferably has 4 or 5 contacts, depending on whether it is used as an opening, closing (4 contacts each) or changeover relay (5 contacts). In the case of a double relay, up to 9 contacts can be provided. In this way, the relay can provide electrical inputs and outputs for all terminals relevant in the automotive relay area, such as 30 (positive lead from battery), 85 (switching relay output), 86 (switching relay input), 87 (working circuit input) and 87a ( Provide single or double version of the working circuit output) in accordance with DIN 72552.

It is preferably provided that the relay can be designed as a multifunctional electronic assembly, in particular in the form of a so-called timing relay, which is arranged in a common housing. In this case, the assembly can also provide terminals 15 (positive from the ignition switch) and 31 (negative cable from the battery). In the context of the invention, a timing relay is an electronic assembly that represents a combination of a relay and a timing element, with the aid of which, among other things, switch-on or switch-off delays can be achieved in automotive control technology.

A voltage monitor is an assembly which switches off or switches on when a predefinable voltage threshold is exceeded or not reached. In particular, a Schmitt trigger can be used to set the specific voltage threshold. In the case of the voltage monitor, it is preferred that the input and thus also the supply voltage remain connected.

In the context of the invention, a timing relay is an electronic assembly that represents a combination of a relay and a timing element, with the aid of which, among other things, switch-on or switch-off delays can be achieved in automotive control technology. With certain designs of a timing relay, it is also possible to draw the supply voltage from the input.

According to a preferred embodiment of the timing relay, the supply energy is fed in via the input when activated. When the relay switches the output, the voltage supply is fed into the module via the normally open contact. This design has the advantage that after the input signal has been applied, the module performs a type of self-locking. When the function has been carried out and the relay returns to its idle state, the module does not consume any idle current.

Alternatively, an additional voltage supply input can be provided for the time relays and voltage monitors. It is preferably possible to control the various functions of the assemblies via the control electronics. This can be used as an analog circuit or as a microcontroller. be trained.

The connections or contacts are preferably each designed as a flat connector. Depending on the functionality of the connection to be connected, the flat plugs can be selected in three different sizes. A first type of flat plug has a width of 2.8 mm and a thickness of 0.8 mm. The second type of flat connector has a width of 6.3 mm and a thickness of 0.8 mm. The third type of flat connector has a width of 9.5 mm and a thickness of 1.2 mm.

• - das Relais mit einem Versorgungsstromkreis, insbesondere dem Bordnetz eines Fahrzeugs, leitungstechnisch verbunden wird;
• - beim Anliegen einer Versorgungsspannung, insbesondere in Form einer Bordspannung in Nennhöhe von 10V bis 100V, am Relais die wenigstens eine Spule des Relais durch die Steuerelektronik mittels eines einmaligen Stromimpulses elektrisch angesteuert wird, wobei die für den Stromimpuls benötigte Energie aus der anliegenden Versorgungsspannung bezogen wird;
• - beim Anliegen der Versorgungsspannung ein von der Steuerelektronik bereitgestellter Energiespeicher geladen wird;
• - während oder nach dem Abschalten der Versorgungsspannung die wenigstens eine Spule des Relais durch die Steuerelektronik mittels eines Stromimpulses elektrisch angesteuert wird, wobei die für den Stromimpuls benötigte Energie von dem zuvor geladenen geladenen Energiespeicher bereitgestellt wird.

The invention also relates to a method for simulating the switching behavior of a monostable electromotive relay by means of a bistable electromotive relay according to the invention, in which

• - The relay is wired to a supply circuit, in particular the on-board network of a vehicle;
• - When a supply voltage is applied, in particular in the form of an on-board voltage of nominal value of 10V to 100V, the at least one coil of the relay on the relay is electrically controlled by the control electronics by means of a single current pulse, the for the energy required for the current pulse is drawn from the applied supply voltage;
• - When the supply voltage is applied, an energy store provided by the control electronics is charged;
• - During or after switching off the supply voltage, the at least one coil of the relay is electrically controlled by the control electronics by means of a current pulse, the energy required for the current pulse being provided by the previously charged energy store.

As a result of the procedure according to the invention, the mode of operation of a monostable relay can be mapped identically by a bistable relay. The relay according to the invention is thereby able to replace a monostable relay, while its advantageous energetic and thermal properties are advantageously retained. The above method depicts the mode of operation in that the control pulse for switching the relay off or switching over when the supply voltage is lost is provided by the energy store which was previously charged when the supply voltage was applied. The energy store is discharged during the switch-off or switchover process.

According to a preferred feature of the invention, it is provided that an input and / or output of the supply voltage is monitored by means of the control electronics in such a way that the switching on and / or off of the supply voltage is detected and the energy store is either charged or discharged depending on the detected state. This ensures that the coil of the relay is always activated in the desired manner on the control electronics side.

In addition, the invention relates to the use of a bistable electromotive relay according to the invention in a position provided for a monostable electromotive relay in a circuit, in particular the electrical system of a vehicle.

• 1 ein erfindungsgemäßes Relais in schematischer Darstellung in 1-spuliger Ausführung;
• 2 ein erfindungsgemäßes Relais in schematischer Darstellung in 2-spuliger Ausführung;
• 3 das erfindungsgemäße Relais nach 2 in weiterführender schematischer Darstellung;
• 4 das erfindungsgemäße Relais nach 2 in weiterführender schematischer Darstellung;;
• 5 das erfindungsgemäße Relais nach 2 in weiterführender schematischer Darstellung;;
• 6 das erfindungsgemäße Relais nach 2 in weiterführender schematischer Darstellung;
• 7 Gehäuse und Anschlüsse eines erfindungsgemäßen Relais in schematischer Darstellung;
• 8 Gehäuse und Anschlüsse eines erfindungsgemäßen Relais in schematischer Darstellung.

The invention is explained in detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments. The examples serve only to illustrate the invention and are in no way to be understood as limiting for the person skilled in the art. Show:

• 1 a relay according to the invention in a schematic representation in 1-coil design;
• 2 a relay according to the invention in a schematic representation in 2-coil design;
• 3 the relay according to the invention 2 in a further schematic representation;
• 4th the relay according to the invention 2 in a further schematic representation ;;
• 5 the relay according to the invention 2 in a further schematic representation ;;
• 6th the relay according to the invention 2 in a further schematic representation;
• 7th Housing and connections of a relay according to the invention in a schematic representation;
• 8th Housing and connections of a relay according to the invention in a schematic representation.

1 shows the schematic representation of a bistable electromotive relay according to the invention 1 , in particular a vehicle or motor vehicle relay. The relay 1 is designed here as a changeover relay. The relay 1 has a sketchily indicated housing 2 and a total of five connections 3 , 4th , 5 on. The connections 3 connect the relay to a supply circuit. connection 4th switches the relay to ground and the connections 5 connect the relay to a first working circuit 6th and a second working circuit 7th .

In addition, the control electronics 8th to see which one of the connections 3 a supply voltage is present. The control electronics 8th is via a control circuit 9 with a single excitation coil 10 tied together. The excitation coil 10 has a center contact 11th which, with the correct polarity of the coil 10 , the working circuit 6th opens and the working circuit 7th closes or vice versa.

In the 1-coil version, the coil is controlled 10 by a first control pulse from the control electronics when a supply voltage is applied 8th is passed to the coil. The sink 10 is thus polarized and the center contact 11th actuated. Then is the coil 10 de-energized. If the supply voltage is now switched off, the control electronics control 8th the excitation coil 10 on again to reverse the polarity of the coil. The energy for this second control pulse is provided by an in 1 energy storage device, not shown 12th provided.

The energy storage 12th is in the 3 and 4th shown in detail. The energy storage 12th is in the present case designed as a capacitor. Through the energy storage 12th is with the relay according to the invention 1 realizes a switching behavior that corresponds to that of a monostable electromotive relay. Nevertheless, the relay according to the invention offers the lower power consumption and the reduced heat generation of conventional bistable relays.

2 also shows a schematic representation of a bistable electromotive relay according to the invention 1 , in particular a vehicle or motor vehicle relay. Its structure essentially corresponds to that of the relay 1 . However, it differs from the embodiment according to 1 in that it is designed with 2 coils. In addition to 1 is the second coil 10a and the separate control line 9a to recognize. The mode of operation of the 2-pole version differs from the 1-pole version in that when the armature is switched, the polarity of a single coil is not reversed by a corresponding pulse, but rather one coil is triggered for a switching state.

3 shows the relay according to the invention according to 2 . The internal structure of a first embodiment of the control electronics can be seen 8th . The control electronics 8th has a control module 13th to control the coils 10 , 10a on. Furthermore, the energy store is 12th recognizable in the form of a capacitor. The energy storage 12th is with the control module 13th wired connected. Furthermore, the energy store is 12th technically connected to the supply circuit. A diode is used to protect against unintentional discharge via the input of the supply circuit 14th interposed. The control electronics are designed to improve the switching behavior 8th also via a threshold switch 15th for modulating the input signal on the control module 13th . The threshold switch 15th can preferably be designed as a Schmitt trigger.

4th shows the 2-coil relay according to 2 with the basic structure of the control electronics 8th according to 3 . In addition to this configuration, the control electronics 8th a voltage booster 16 in the form of a charge pump. The voltage booster 16 is in the present case connected in series with the energy store 12th and is used to keep the buffer voltage applied to the energy storage device above the supply voltage. in this way, the energy store designed as a capacitor can 12th be carried out with a reduced size.

5 shows the relay according to the invention 1 according to 2 with additions regarding the control electronics 8th . The following additions are preferred for both configurations of the control electronics 8th after the 3 and 4th applicable. The connection of the energy store is shown here 12th to the control module 13th . The energy storage 12th is only activated by means of the switch 17th used. As a result, a higher voltage can also be built up in the energy store. Especially with regard to the use of a charge pump 16 this configuration is of particular advantage.

6th shows the relay according to the invention 1 according to 2 in 2-coil design. With additional entrances E1 , E2 can also check the switching status of the relay 1 be made. This allows the relay to recognize its fault in the event of a malfunction when switching it on or off again. In addition to this, a diagnostic unit (not shown) is preferably provided which can recognize and signal such error states.

The ones in the 3 until 6th The preferred features shown for a 2-coil relay are also shown for a 1-coil relay 1 suitable and determined.

7th shows special designs of the housing 2 in the form of the housing 2a , 2 B , and 2c . The housing 2a , 2 B , 2c differ in terms of their overall height h1 , h2 , h3 . The case 2a has an overall height h1 from 50 mm. The case 2 B has an overall height h1 from 40 mm. The case 2c has an overall height h1 of 30 mm. The manufacturing tolerance for the overall height is up to +/- 4 mm. It is preferred to reduce the overall height as much as possible in order to be able to optimize the use of the available installation space. For this purpose, it is preferred that the excitation coil (s) 10, 10a is designed so undersized with reference to the intended nominal voltage of the on-board network of in particular 12V, 24V or 48V that its intended coil voltage is reduced by at least 15% to a maximum of 35% compared to the nominal voltage is.

The contacts designed as flat plugs can also be seen K30 , K15 and K87 for the terminal connections 30, 15 and 87 of the vehicle electrical system, which are detailed in 9 with reference to the timing relay 1b are shown. Regardless of the connector pattern, which is the present for a timing relay 1b is the respective design of the housing 2a , 2 B , 2c also suitable for all other relays according to the invention. So in particular for a likewise in 9 shown double relay 1a .

8th shows two bistable electromechanical relays according to the invention in the form of a double relay 1a (2-coil changeover relay according to 2 until 6th ) and in the form of a time relay 1b . The timing relay 1b In the present case, it has a 1-coil design and has a timing element (not shown in more detail) for switching delay. The timing relay can also be used to open, close or change a working circuit. The housing shown and the connector pattern match an NC or NO relay in the present case.

The respective housing 2 has a base plate 18th which is connected via the contacts to a printed circuit board carrying the electronic components by means of soldering and / or press-fit technology. In the present case, the base plate is essentially square, with the side lengths each being 30 mm. The manufacturing tolerance for each side of the square is up to +/- 4 mm. It is provided that the housing 2 regardless of its height h1 , h2 , h3 always such a dimensioned base plate 18th having. This advantageously ensures compatibility with the standardized slots within vehicle electrical systems.

Through the base plate 18th run flat, standardized flat plugs (DIN 46 244 A). The flat plugs are preferably in the respective base plate 18th fixed. The flat plugs each form a plug pattern which corresponds identically to the plug pattern of the respective corresponding monostable electromotive relay. As a result, the bistable relays according to the invention can replace monostable relays without any problems, without further modifications to the vehicle electrical system or the relay being necessary.

With reference to the double relay 1a the result is a plug pattern from a total of nine flat plugs K30 , K30 ' , K85 , K86 , K86 ' , K87 , K87 ' , K87a and K87a ' . Flat plug K30 , K30 ' are used for connection to terminal 30 of the vehicle electrical system. Flat plug K85 is used for connection to terminal 85 of the vehicle electrical system. Flat plug K86 , K86 ' are used for connection to terminal 86 of the vehicle electrical system. Flat plug K87 , K87 ' are used to connect to terminal 87 of the vehicle electrical system. Flat plug K87a , K87a ' are used to connect to the terminal K87a of the electrical system. For the function as a double relay it is essential that there are two flat plugs for connection to terminals 30, 86, 87 and 87a.

In the present case, they have flat connectors K30 , K30 ' , K87 , K87 ' and K87a according to DIN 46 244 A the cross-sectional dimensions 9.5 × 1.2 mm. In contrast, the flat plugs have K85 , K86 , K86 ' and K87a ' the cross-sectional dimensions 6.3 × 0.8 mm. However, the individual tabs are not restricted to the size shown in each case. Rather, the size of each blade terminal can be selected depending on the specified terminal size, from one of the dimensions 9.5 × 1.2 mm, 6.3 × 0.8 mm or 2.8 × 0.8 mm.

With reference to the timing relay 1b the result is a plug pattern from a total of five flat plugs K15 , K30 , K31 , K87 and K87a . Flat plug K15 is used for connection to the terminal 15th of the electrical system. Flat plug K30 is used for connection to terminal 30 of the vehicle electrical system. Flat plug K31 is used for connection to terminal 31 of the vehicle electrical system. Flat plug K87 is used for connection to terminal 87 of the vehicle electrical system. Flat plug K87a is used for connection to the terminal K87a of the electrical system. In the present case, all have flat plugs K15 , K30 , K31 , K87 and K87a according to DIN 46 244 A the cross-sectional dimensions 9.5 × 1.2 mm. Alternative designs with standardized cross-sectional dimensions of 6.3 × 0.8 mm or 2.8 × 0.8 mm are possible.

List of reference symbols

1

bistable electromotive relay

1a

Double relay

1b

Timing relay

2

casing

2a

casing

2 B

casing

2c

casing

3

Control connection

4th

Ground connection

5

Relay contact

6th

Working circuit

7th

Working circuit

8th

Control electronics

9

Control circuit

9a

Control circuit

10

Excitation coil

10a

Excitation coil

11

Center contact

12th

Power storage

13th

Control module

14th

diode

15th

Threshold switch

16

Voltage booster

17th

counter

18th

Base plate

E1

entry

E1

entry

h1

Case height

h2

Case height

h3

Case height

K15

Flat plug for connection to terminal 15

K30

Flat plug for connection to terminal 30

K30 '

Flat plug for connection to terminal 30

K31

Flat plug for connection to terminal 31

K85

Flat plug for connection to terminal 85

K86

Flat plug for connection to terminal 86

K86 '

Flat plug for connection to terminal 86

K87

Flat plug for connection to terminal 87

K87 '

Flat plug for connection to terminal 87

K87a

Flat plug for connection to terminal 87a

K87a '

Flat plug for connection to terminal 87a

Claims (10)

Bistable electromotive relay, in particular automotive relay, with a housing in which a printed circuit board, at least one coil and control electronics connected via the printed circuit board to the at least one coil are arranged for controlling the coil, and with standardized connections, in particular flat plugs, for Wiring connection of the printed circuit board with a circuit, in particular the electrical system of a vehicle, characterized in that the control electronics have an energy store for simulating the switching behavior of a monostable electromotive relay. Relay after Claim 1 , characterized in that the energy store has a capacitor. Relay after one of the Claims 1 or 2 , characterized in that the control electronics have a voltage booster connected to the energy store, in particular a charge pump. Relay after one of the Claims 1 until 3 , characterized in that the at least one coil is undersized with regard to a proper nominal voltage of the supply circuit between 10V and 100V, in particular of 12V, 24V, or 48V, with regard to its coil voltage, in particular with coil voltages of up to 35% below the intended nominal voltage is. Relay after one of the Claims 1 until 4th , characterized in that the control electronics have a status memory for the retrievable storage of the switching status of the relay. Relay after one of the Claims 1 until 5 , characterized in that the control electronics are connected via separate lines to a working circuit for querying the switching state of the relay. Relay after one of the Claims 1 until 6th , characterized in that the housing provides a base plate through which the connections are passed, at least one connection being designed as a standardized flat plug with a width of 2.8 mm, 6.3 mm or 9.5 mm. Method for simulating the switching behavior of a monostable electromotive relay by means of a bistable electromotive relay according to one of the Claims 1 until 7th In which - the relay is wired to a supply circuit, in particular the electrical system of a vehicle; - When a supply voltage is applied, in particular in the form of an on-board voltage of nominal value of 10V to 100V, the at least one coil of the relay is electrically controlled by the control electronics by means of a single current pulse, with the energy required for the current pulse being drawn from the applied supply voltage ; - When the supply voltage is applied, an energy store provided by the control electronics is charged; - During or after switching off the supply voltage, the at least one coil of the relay is electrically controlled by the control electronics by means of a current pulse, the energy required for the current pulse being provided by the previously charged energy store. Procedure according to Claim 8 , characterized in that an input and / or output of the supply voltage is monitored by means of the control electronics in such a way that the switching on and / or switching off of the supply voltage is detected and the energy store is either charged or discharged depending on the detected state. Use of a bistable electromotive relay according to one of the Claims 1 until 7th in a position provided for a monostable electromotive relay in a circuit, in particular the electrical system of a vehicle.

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