DE102020100651A1 - Method for producing a component, in particular a vehicle component - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for producing a component (1), in particular for a vehicle, consisting of at least one component section (2) which is produced in an additive manufacturing process and forms a variable-volume cavity (3), the cavity (3) at least temporarily via at least one with an A connection point arranged or formed on a surface of the component (1) is connected, comprising the process steps: forming a component section (2) manufactured in an additive manufacturing process with a media-tight, in particular gas-tight, cavity (3) or- providing one manufactured in an additive manufacturing process Component section (2) with a media-tight, in particular gas-tight, cavity (3), - introduction of a building medium (6), in particular a building gas, into the cavity (3) of the component section (2) for, in particular plastic, volume-increasing deformation of the component section (2) ).

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a component, in particular for a vehicle, the component being produced in an additive manufacturing process.

Corresponding methods for manufacturing a component in an additive manufacturing process are basically known from the prior art. Components from additive manufacturing processes are usually limited by the fact that the installation space is limited. The production of components with larger cavities is also demanding and requires i. d. Usually a large number of support structures, which overhangs or undercuts of the component crash down. Furthermore, additive manufacturing processes are all the more attractive, the more components can be manufactured simultaneously within the installation space or within the machine bed.

The invention is based on the object of specifying a method which, in particular with regard to simple, fast and inexpensive measures, allows economical production of components, in particular without sacrificing quality.

The object is achieved by a method for producing a component, in particular for a vehicle, according to claim 1. The dependent claims relate to possible embodiments of the method.

The invention relates to a method for producing a component, in particular for a vehicle, consisting of at least one component section which is produced in an additive manufacturing process and forms a volume-variable cavity. The method is characterized in that the cavity is connected at least temporarily via at least one connection point arranged or formed on a surface of the component and the following method steps are carried out: (a1) Forming a component section produced in an additive manufacturing process with a media-tight , in particular gas-tight, cavity or (a2) providing a component section produced in an additive manufacturing process with a media-tight, in particular gas-tight, cavity, and (b) introducing a build-up medium, in particular a build-up gas, into the cavity of the component section for, in particular plastic, volume-increasing deformation of the component section. Because the component is only brought into its target or target geometry when the building medium is introduced, the result is that the component has a smaller volume within the build chamber of the additive manufacturing device, so that a higher number of corresponding components in the build chamber can be built. The later, d. H. In particular, the target or target geometry of the component achieved after removal from the building chamber of an additive manufacturing device has a volume increase compared to the volume of the component during the additive manufacturing process or during the additive construction within the building chamber.

Regardless of how much building material is charged with energy within a building level, the same time is required for the application of the building material for the formation of a building material layer. In this way, in the case of a “fully packed” installation space of an additive manufacturing device, in particular a binder jetting or multi-jet fusion device, a system can be saved. If, due to the larger volumes of the components, these had to be distributed over several construction jobs, more time would be required for the corresponding travel paths of coating systems or for the application of construction material to form the construction material layer. The present method enables a significant time saving.

The deformation of the component section can take place at least partially and / or in sections temporarily and / or at least partially and / or in sections permanently. In this case, at least one wall defining the cavity can be designed in such a way that it is elastically and / or plastically deformed at least in sections, in particular completely, during exposure to the building medium.

For example, a first section of the component section can be plastically deformed to a predefined degree in the course of exposure to the building medium. In contrast, a further section of the component section is plastically deformed to a degree different from the degree of deformation of the first section when the building medium is acted upon. The deformation of the at least one section can also have an elastic and a plastic component. The proportion of elastic and / or plastic deformation over a component section and / or over a component can vary depending on the area.

It can be provided, for example, that during and / or after the introduction of the build-up medium, the cavity undergoes a plastic volume-increasing deformation of the component section, the plastic volume increase of the cavity at least 10%, preferably at least 30%, particularly preferably at least 70%, most preferably at least 100%. Alternatively or additionally, a proportion of elastic deformation of the component section during the introduction of the building medium into the cavity can be at least 10%, preferably at least 30%, particularly preferably at least 70%, most preferably at least 100%.

During the introduction of a building medium, for example, the component section can be acted on in the manner of a tensile compression forming process, in particular in the manner of an internal high pressure forming process. In other words, the cavity or the walls of the component section forming the cavity are acted upon with a build-up medium in such a way that there is a change in volume, namely an at least partially permanent increase in volume of the cavity.

It is possible that the media-tight, in particular gas-tight, cavity of the at least one component section produced from the additive manufacturing process is designed as a media-tight, in particular gas-tight, cavity in the course of the additive manufacturing process. In particular, the media-tight, in particular gas-tight, cavity is a direct result of the additive manufacturing process. Thus, in the case of the gas-tight cavity, for example, the component or the cavity of the component section itself can be designed as, in particular largely, gas-tight sealing envelope, so that when the cavity is exposed to a gaseous build-up medium, it can build up sufficient pressure within the cavity to prevent deformation or damage in order to increase the volume of the cavity or of the component section. In other words, it can be sufficient, for example, if, despite the escape of the construction material via the walls of the cavities during the introduction of the construction medium into the interior space, sufficient pressure can be built up by the construction material for the targeted deformation of the component section.

The media-tight cavity can, for example, have a connection to the outside of the cavity, in particular a connection leading through a wall forming the cavity. This connection can be used to introduce the build-up medium.

Alternatively or in addition, the cavity can be present as a cavity that is closed to the environment, in particular gas-tight, according to the additive manufacturing process or can be taken as such from the additive manufacturing device executing the additive manufacturing process. In this case, for example, by penetrating a penetrant (for example by a cutting or non-cutting tool), a connecting channel which leads from the interior of the cavity to the environment outside the cavity can be formed. In particular, the connecting channel can be passed through a wall defining or surrounding the cavity. An introduction of construction material from outside the cavity into the interior of the cavity can take place directly via the connecting channel or via a connecting means introduced at least in sections into the connecting channel. The connecting means and the penetrating means can also be formed as one element (i.e. e.g. in one piece or as an integral assembly). Here, for example, a hollow needle, z. B. a cannula penetrate the wall forming the cavity and the build-up medium is introduced into the interior of the hollow channel via the hollow channel of the hollow needle or the cannula.

The surface of the component on which the connection point is arranged or formed can, for example, be built up or formed as a geometrically determined area during the additive manufacturing process. Here, the connection point can have a predefined geometry and / or strength and / or rigidity which is advantageous for the intended use as a connection point. For example, the connection point has interface means which connect a means supplying the construction medium, e.g. B. allows a hose. Here, the connection point can be designed as part of a coupling (e.g. a detachable connection of two segments of a transport line, such as a hose coupling) which can be coupled to a means for supplying construction medium. Alternatively or additionally, the connection point can have sufficient rigidity so that a penetration means (for example a hollow needle) can penetrate the connection point area.

The connection point can, for example, also have a double function, on the one hand it can serve as a place of introduction for the supply or introduction of build-up medium into the cavity and on the other hand as a functional element in the intended use of the component. A functional element can represent, for example, a connection point designed as a fastening interface for fastening the component to a further component. So the junction z. B. have a receptacle for receiving a fixing means for fastening the component to another component. In this case, it can be used, for example, that the connection point for introducing the construction medium must have a minimum strength and / or minimum rigidity and this minimum strength and / or minimum rigidity also for the use of the connection point as Functional element (z. B. as a recording of a fixative) can be advantageous.

It is possible that the media-tight cavity of the at least one component section produced from the additive manufacturing process comprises at least one opening, which is at least temporarily closed by at least one sealing element before and / or during the introduction of the build-up medium into the cavity, around the cavity in a media-tight manner , in particular gas-tight to complete. The sealing element can, for example, remain on the component when the component is used as intended, or it can be removed and / or removable from the component when the component is used as intended. In addition, it is possible that the sealing element, when the component is used as intended, has a function that utilizes its detachable attachment to the component. For example, the sealing element can be used as a cover of a component designed as a container. The releasability of the sealing element can thus mean that the sealing element can be used during manufacture as a seal for the application of pressure / volume expansion by means of the build-up medium and, in addition, when the component is used as intended, as a cover for a cavity in the component.

As a build-up medium, for example (a) a gas and / or (b) a liquid and / or (c) a solid and / or (d) a mixture of a (d1) gas and / or (d2) liquid and / or (d3) Medium comprising solids can be used. An oil-containing emulsion, particularly preferably a water-oil emulsion, is preferably used as the build-up medium. Depending on the construction medium, the media tightness of the cavity can be derived or designed. In the case of a build-up medium comprising a gas, the cavity is sealed in a gastight manner. Alternatively or additionally, for example, a solid material consisting of a bulk material (for example powder, in particular in spherical form) can be used as the build-up medium, in which case the media-tightness of the cavity means that the bulk material cannot penetrate, or only insignificantly, through the walls forming the cavity . For example, the walls are designed as a regular and / or irregular porous structure (for example a lattice structure), with the bulk material not being able to penetrate this porous structure or only being able to penetrate it to an insignificant extent. In the present case, insignificant penetrable means that, despite the building material at least partially penetrating through the walls forming the cavity, the introduction of the building material means that sufficient pressure can be exerted on the component section or the walls of the cavity so that they are deformed to increase their volume .

The component section produced from the additive manufacturing process can, for example, undergo an at least partially, in particular complete, predefined deformation during the introduction of the building medium into the cavity; in particular, a predefined deformation of the cavity and / or the component section is caused by a reinforcement and / or stiffening section of the component section influenced. In other words, a component can be designed in such a way that a specific target or target geometry is only obtained through a correspondingly specific deformation or volume increase of the component section through the introduction of the build-up medium. In order to bring about a predefined deformation of the component section and thus of the cavity, in particular selectively depending on the area, the reinforcement and / or stiffening sections of the component can be provided or act for this purpose.

For example, at least one reinforcing and / or stiffening section can be formed on at least one wall of the component section forming the cavity, the at least one reinforcing and / or stiffening section being formed in the course of the additive manufacturing process. For example, reinforcement and / or stiffening sections can be “adjusted” or designed to the application of pressure by means of the build-up medium by means of geometric features and / or by material features or their region-dependently different reaction / deformation properties. A reinforcement and / or stiffening section can be present, for example, as a result of an area-dependent change in the physical and chemical properties brought about in the course of the additive manufacturing process, so a first area can have a first stiffness and a second area a higher stiffness compared to the first area Differences in rigidity are at least partially or solely due to the process parameters during the additive manufacturing process, for example exposure time and / or exposure intensity.

An additional or alternative measure relating to the component geometry to changing the process parameters of the additive manufacturing process can, for example, provide thinner or weaker wall sections compared to adjacent thicker or thicker wall sections to achieve a targeted deformation of at least one section of a wall forming the cavity. In the process, the thinner wall sections deform compared to the thicker ones Wall sections stronger during the pressurization by the building medium.

The reinforcement and / or stiffening section can, for example, by (a) an area-dependent change in manufacturing parameters to change the physical and / or chemical properties of the at least one wall of the component section, in particular to change the strength and / or rigidity properties of the at least one wall of the component section , and / or (b) an area-dependent formation of at least one stiffening rib and / or bead on the at least one wall of the component section and / or (c) a support structure that is in contact, in particular supporting, arranged or formed on an outer surface of the component section and / or (D) a support structure which is arranged or formed in a contacting, in particular supporting manner, in the cavity of the component section is formed. In other words, areas which form the component in the final production state and / or areas which do not form part of the component in the final production state can influence the deformation of at least one wall of the component section that defines the cavity or support targeted deformation.

If there is an area, in particular an area built up in the additive manufacturing process, which does not form part of the component in the final production state, it is advantageous if this is provided with a predetermined breaking point and can be separated from the geometry forming the component in the final manufacturing state via this predetermined breaking point. Such an area can be designed, for example, at least in sections, in particular completely, as a support structure which has a function of supporting the building material during the generative manufacturing process.

It is optionally possible that in the course of the additive manufacturing process a support structure and / or holding structure is built up which is provided with a predetermined breaking area, the predetermined breaking area at least in sections during the introduction of the build-up medium into the cavity of the component section or during the pressure build-up by the build-up medium , especially completely, breaks open. As an alternative or in addition, the support structure or the holding structure can in part remain fixed or not break during the pressure build-up by the build-up medium.

The connection point can be provided with a support structure, for example, so that the connection point can fulfill both a supporting function during the additive construction and an interface function for supplying the construction medium.

It is possible that a support structure is built up with the additively manufactured component section and the support structure has a supporting effect, in particular a stiffening or strength-increasing effect, on the component section at least during the introduction of the building medium. The support structure is preferably used at least in sections during the generative manufacturing process to support areas of the component section. The support structure can support a component section against a further component section and / or against a base plate and / or against a further component region of the component section. A support structure can also be arranged or formed between two adjacent component sections of the same component or different components, wherein the support structure can have a deformation-influencing effect during the introduction of the construction material. The support effect of a support structure can be advantageous in particular for overhangs or undercuts to be formed in the component.

The component section can for example be fastened to a holder at least temporarily before and / or during the introduction of the construction medium via at least one fastening area on the support structure side. The fastening area is preferably also built up in the course of the additive manufacturing method that builds up the component section. The fastening area can enable an indirect (e.g. using a fastening means) or direct material and / or form-fitting and / or force-fitting fastening of the component section, in particular the component, with a holder. During the fastening of the component section to the holder, the position and / or alignment of the component section and thus of the component can be fixed, so that in this fixed state of the component a targeted introduction of build-up medium into the cavity of the component is enabled or facilitated. The holder can in particular serve as an abutment for at least partial support of individual areas of the component during the introduction of construction material. The holder is preferably arranged or formed on a device for introducing the building medium.

The fastening area can, for example, have at least one engagement element which corresponds to a counter element on the holder side. Here, a protruding element can be formed on the engagement element and / or on the counter-element, wherein the element corresponding to the protruding element and having a recess can be located on the counter-element or the engagement element. The fastening area can, for. Legs Include a bore or a receiving channel for receiving a screw shaft, wherein the component section can be fixed to a holder by means of a screw guided through the bore or the receiving channel. In this state, which is fixed with (ie, for example, in and / or on) the holder, the component section can be acted upon by the penetration means, which carry out the introduction of the build-up medium.

Before or after the component is fixed to the holder, the component can optionally be provided with sealing elements in order to form a sufficiently, in particular completely, media-tight, preferably gas-tight, cavity.

The additive method for producing the component section can be a stereolithography method (SL) and / or a laser sintering method (LS) and / or a laser beam melting method (LBM), in particular a selective laser melting method (SLM), and / or a Electron beam melting process (EBM) and / or a fused layer modeling / manufacturing process (FLM / FFF) and / or a multi-jet modeling process (MJM) and / or a poly-jet modeling process (PJM) and / or a Multi-jet fusion process (MJF) and / or a binder jetting process and / or a layer laminated manufacturing process (LLM) and / or a digital light processing process (DLP) and / or a thermal transfer sintering Method (TTS) and / or a digital light processing method (DLP) and / or a digital light synthesis method (DLS). In the additive manufacturing method, for example, a plastic and / or a metal, in particular stainless steel and / or copper, and / or a resin, in particular a synthetic resin, can be used as a building material. The solidification of the building material can take place, for example, due to the action of energy; electromagnetic radiation (e.g. laser) and / or at least one electron beam can be used here.

As an alternative or in addition, the building material can consist of material which can be hardened by UV light, on which UV light impinges selectively in a range-dependent manner. This can lead to polymerization, for example. As an alternative to UV light, infrared radiation can also be used (e.g. MJF method). The building material used must have sufficient plastic deformability, which enables a volume-increasing deformation in the subsequent volume-increasing step (during the application of the building medium). In other words, the construction material must be selected in such a way that it has sufficient strength after the additive manufacturing process to undergo, in particular plastic, deformation.

The component to be manufactured or the manufactured component can, for example, comprise a component having a cavity when used as intended. The component comprising the at least one component section can be used as a heat exchanger, in particular a plate cooler, and / or as a holder, in particular a bow (e.g. a container or vehicle with an open body shape, in particular a convertible), and / or as an angle and / or be designed as a housing. In particular, components are suitable for the manufacturing process described here which have a cavity which, when the component is used as intended, requires a media-tight or non-media-tight function, e.g. B. containers, tubs or the like.

In addition to the method, the concept of the invention includes a component, in particular a vehicle component, having at least one component section which has at least temporarily carried out a volume change in accordance with a method described herein or has been subjected to a method described herein for its production.

All advantages, details, designs and / or features of the method according to the invention can be transferred or applied to the component according to the invention.

• 1a eine schematische Prinzipdarstellung einer Draufsicht eines in einem nicht volumenvergrößerten Zustand vorliegenden Bauteils;
• 1b eine perspektivische Prinzipdarstellung eines im volumenvergrößerten Zustand vorliegenden Bauteils gemäß 1a;
• 2a, 2b eine schematische Prinzipdarstellung eines ringförmigen Bauteils in einem nicht-volumenvergrößerten (2a) und einem volumenvergrößerten (2b) Zustand gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 3a, 3b eine schematische Prinzipdarstellung eines als plattenwärmetauscher ausgebildeten Bauteils in einem nicht-volumenvergrößerten (3a) und einem volumenvergrößerten (3b) Zustand gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel;
• 4 eine perspektivische Prinzipdarstellung eines mit einer Stützstruktur versehenen Bauteils gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiels;
• 5a - 5c eine schematische Prinzipdarstellung eines mit einer Stützstruktur versehenen Bauteils im nicht-volumenvergrößerten (5a), im zum Teil von der Stützstruktur (5b) gelösten und im gänzlich von der Stützstruktur gelösten (5c) Zustand.

The invention is explained in more detail by means of exemplary embodiments in the drawings. It shows:

• 1a a schematic basic illustration of a top view of a component present in a non-enlarged state;
• 1b a perspective schematic representation of a component present in the enlarged volume state according to 1a ;
• 2a , 2 B a schematic representation of the principle of a ring-shaped component in a non-volume-enlarged ( 2a) and an enlarged ( 2 B) State according to an embodiment;
• 3a , 3b a schematic representation of the principle of a component designed as a plate heat exchanger in a non-volume-enlarged ( 3a) and an enlarged ( 3b) State according to an embodiment;
• 4th a perspective schematic representation of a component provided with a support structure according to an exemplary embodiment;
• 5a - 5c a schematic representation of the principle of one with a support structure provided component in the non-volume-enlarged ( 5a) , in part from the support structure ( 5b) detached and completely detached from the support structure ( 5c ) Status.

A method for producing a component is described below with reference to the figures 1 , in particular for a vehicle, shown, wherein the component 1 at least one volume-variable cavity produced in an additive manufacturing process 3 forming, component section 2 includes. The cavity 3 is at least temporarily over at least one with one on a surface 4th of the component 1 arranged or formed connection point 5 connected. The method comprises in particular the following method steps: (a1) Forming a component section produced in an additive manufacturing method 2 with a media-tight, in particular gas-tight, cavity 3 or (a2) providing a component section produced in an additive manufacturing process 2 with a media-tight, in particular gas-tight, cavity 3 , and (b) introducing a building medium 6th , in particular a build-up gas, into the cavity 3 of the component section 2 for, in particular plastic, volume-increasing deformation of the component section 2 . For example, in the 2a and 2 B a ring-like body is shown, which after its additive manufacturing has a narrow shape (cf. 2a) and after the action of the build-up medium 6th a wider form (cf. 2 B) occupies. For this purpose, the build-up medium 6th into the cavity 3 of the component forming a hollow ring 1 introduced and deformed the component in this way 1 or the component section 2 . In other words, they are the cavity 3 forming walls 7th of the component 1 plastically deformable, so that this in the course of the internal pressure increase in the cavity 3 experience a deformation that increases in volume.

Alternatively or additionally, this can be done in 2a and 2 B Shown embodiment represent a cross section of a pipe, which in the target geometry, ie after the action of the building medium 6th , a diameter 16 has and in the structural geometry, ie during and immediately after its additive structure, a compared to the diameter 16 lower volume 17th having. This can have the advantage that any direct construction of the pipe with the target geometry diameter 16 necessary support structures 11 (for the additive structure) are not necessary, as for an additive structure of the pipe in the form of the smaller volume 17th less or no support structures 11 may be required.

The annular and / or tubular component 1 can have a support structure 11 compared to a base area 21 be supported. The support structure 11 can in the intended usage geometry of the component 1 can no longer be present on this, in particular it can have predetermined breaking points 13th of the component 1 be separated.

During and / or after the application of the build-up medium 6th into the cavity 3 the component section experiences 2 or the cavity 3 forming walls 7th a plastic volume-increasing deformation, wherein the plastic volume increase of the cavity 3 at least 10%, preferably at least 30%, particularly preferably at least 70%, most preferably at least 100%. The percentage values give the volume change of a state 18th the volume of the component 1 or the component section 2 before introducing the build-up medium 6th (Status 18th the small component volume) and from a state 19th during or after the introduction of the build-up medium 6th (Status 19th of the increased component volume).

For example, the component is 1 as a double-walled flat component 1 in the course of an additive manufacturing process - as in 1a visible - manufactured. After over the junction 5 the build-up medium into the cavity 3 of the flat component 1 is introduced, this z. B. "set up" from its flat shape, ie extend out of an original extension plane, for example, by increasing the volume. According to 2a the component deforms 1 to a U- or cup-shaped component 1 . Any kink areas 22nd of the component 1 can be designed in such a way that they execute rotating or deflecting movements in a targeted manner, at least during the deformation process. The at least one kink area 22nd of the component 1 can be understood, for example, as a desired bending area or desired deformation area, which occurs during the introduction of the building medium 6th bends or deforms. Any during the deformation of the kink area 22nd Concomitant influences on the material there (e.g. an influence on the strength and / or toughness and / or brittleness and / or stiffness) can be counteracted, for example, by taking targeted measures in the additive manufacturing process. Here, for example, at least one parameter of additive manufacturing can be changed in a targeted manner so that, for example, B. a range-dependent setting or change of the material properties, such as the strength and / or toughness and / or brittleness and / or stiffness) can be carried out.

This z. B. an angled kink area describing a kink 22nd be provided with more material (e.g. with a higher wall thickness) and / or a more elastic property in the course of its manufacture in the additive manufacturing process than other areas of the component 1 have, so that after the mediation of the construction medium 6th performed deformation of the kink area 22nd a desired, in particular as homogeneous as possible to neighboring areas of the component 1 physical and / or chemical property is present.

During the introduction of a build-up medium 6th can on the component section 2 in the manner of a tensile compression forming process, in particular in the manner of an internal high pressure forming process. This is where the build-up medium works 6th as the medium generating the internal high pressure on the component section 2 or on the inside of the component section 2 a.

The media-tight cavity 3 of the at least one component section produced from the additive manufacturing process 2 can, for example, from the additive manufacturing process as a media-tight cavity 3 emerge, that is, for example, that the cavity 3 forming walls and at least in sections, in particular exclusively, walls produced by the additive manufacturing process 7th have a media-tight property. The media-tight property can form a sealing envelope, for example. The sealing sleeve can be at least partially, in particular completely, according to the additive manufacturing process of the component 1 be attached or applied in or on this. z. B. becomes a component 1 initially produced additively and then provided at least in sections, in particular completely, with a film or some other sealing means in order to ensure adequate tightness of the cavity 3 forming walls 7th to achieve, so that it is when loading or filling the cavity 3 to a volume-increasing geometry change of the component section 2 comes.

The media-tight cavity 3 of the at least one component section produced from the additive manufacturing process 2 can, for example, comprise at least one opening (not shown), which is made before and / or during the introduction of the build-up medium 6th into the cavity 3 is at least temporarily closed by at least one sealing element (not shown) around the cavity 3 media-tight, in particular gas-tight.

As a building medium 6th For example, a gas and / or a liquid and / or a solid and / or a mixture of a medium comprising a gas and / or a liquid and / or a solid can be used. It is preferred as a build-up medium 6th for example an oil-containing emulsion, particularly preferably a water-oil emulsion, is used.

The component section produced from the additive manufacturing process 2 can, for example, during the introduction of the build-up medium 6th into the cavity 3 experience an at least partially, in particular complete, predefined deformation. In particular, there is a predefined deformation of the cavity 3 and / or the component section 2 by a reinforcement and / or stiffening section 8th of the component section 2 influenced. The reinforcement and / or stiffening section 8th supports during the application of the component section 2 the targeted deformation of the component section with the build-up medium 2 or its deformation in such a way that a target geometry is achieved. The following are the walls 7th , 7 ' differentiated into stiffened walls 7th and less or not stiffened walls or connecting walls 7 ' . The connecting walls 7 ' represent areas of the walls 7th represents a greater or even a deformation in the course of the introduction of the build-up medium 6th Experienced. For example, the in 3a Reinforcement and stiffening section shown 8th for this purpose, a bending or a deformation of the walls shown vertically in the drawing is used 7th to prevent the horizontal connecting walls 7 ' experience a stretching deformation or a deformation moving in the horizontal direction as a result of the application of internal pressure, since these connecting walls 7 ' compared to the vertical walls 7th no deformation-preventing measures, such as the reinforcement and stiffening sections 8th , exhibit. This results in a targeted deformation of the component section 2 through the reinforcement and stiffening sections 8th enables. The reinforcement and stiffening sections 8th can in the target geometry of the component 1 not part of the component 1 be and z. B. via predetermined breaking points 13th comfortable from the component 1 be separated.

That in the 3a and 3b Exemplary component shown 1 is designed as a heat exchanger, in particular as a plate heat exchanger. The heat exchanger has feed and discharge openings 20th for the heat exchanger medium passed through it when used as intended. It can prove to be advantageous if at least one feed and discharge openings 20th as a junction 5 for introducing the build-up medium 6th is used during the volume increasing process step.

The cavity on at least one 3 forming wall 7th of the component section 2 can at least one reinforcement and / or stiffening section 8th be formed, wherein the at least one reinforcing and / or stiffening section 8th is formed or generated in the course of the additive manufacturing process. The reinforcement and / or Stiffening section 8th can, for example, be designed as thinner areas, which deform more quickly when pressure is applied than thicker areas of the wall of the component 1 .

The reinforcement and / or stiffening section 8th can, for example, by (a) an area-dependent change in manufacturing parameters for changing the physical and / or chemical properties of the at least one wall 7th of the component section 2 , in particular to change the strength and / or rigidity properties of the at least one wall 7th of the component section 2 , and / or (b) an area-dependent formation of at least one stiffening rib and / or bead on the at least one wall 7th of the component section 2 and / or (c) one on an exterior surface 10 of the component section 2 touching, in particular supporting, arranged or formed support structure 11 and / or (d) one in the cavity 3 (ie for example on an inner surface) of the component section 2 touching, in particular supporting, arranged or formed support structure 11 be trained. It can prove to be advantageous here if the support structure 11 via at least one predetermined breaking point 13th in a simple and defined way from the component 1 and / or from the component section 2 is separable.

A support structure 11 can, for example, simultaneously with the additively manufactured component section 2 to be built with the support structure 11 at least while the build-up medium is being introduced 6th a supporting effect on the component section 2 holds. The support structure is preferred 11 at least in sections during the additive manufacturing process to support areas of the component section 2 used and can be used for targeted deformation of the component section 2 serve.

The component section 2 can, for example, before and / or during the introduction of the build-up medium 6th via at least one fastening area on the support structure side 14th at least temporarily on a bracket 15th be attached. The fastening area is preferred 14th in the course of the component section 2 based additive manufacturing process. The attachment area 14th can e.g. B. a bore or a receiving channel 12th for receiving a fixative (not shown), e.g. B. a screw shank include. By means of the through the receiving channel 12th guided fixing agent can the component section 2 on the bracket 15th be fixed. In this fixed form, the component section 2 are acted upon by means which facilitate the introduction of the build-up medium 6th To run. Eg is the bracket 15th Part of a building medium introduction device (not shown). Through the at least temporary attachment of the component 1 or the component section 2 on the device for introducing the build-up medium 6th into the cavity 3 can be the process of introducing the building medium 6th into the cavity 3 of the component 1 more reliable and / or easier and / or more reproducible.

The additive method or the additive manufacturing method for the section-by-section, in particular for the complete, production of the component section 2 For example, a stereolithography process (SL) and / or a laser sintering process (LS) and / or a laser beam melting process (LBM), in particular a selective laser melting process (SLM), and / or an electron beam melting process (EBM) and / or a fused layer modeling / manufacturing process (FLM / FFF) and / or a multi-jet modeling process (MJM) and / or a poly-jet modeling process (PJM) and / or a multi-jet fusion Process (MJF) and / or a binder jetting process and / or a layer laminated manufacturing process (LLM) and / or a digital light processing process (DLP) and / or a thermal transfer sintering process (TTS) and / or a digital light processing method (DLP) and / or a digital light synthesis method (DLS). The additive manufacturing process can use plastic and / or metal, in particular stainless steel and / or copper, and / or resin, for example, as a building material. In particular, a UV-light-curable synthetic resin can be used at least partially, in particular exclusively, as the building material.

That the at least one component section 2 comprehensive component 1 can e.g. B. can be used as a heat exchanger, in particular plate cooler, and / or as a holder, in particular bow, and / or as an angle and / or as a housing or as such a component 1 be trained.

The component 1 , in particular a vehicle component, can, for example, have at least one component section 2 have, which has at least temporarily carried out a change in volume according to a method described herein.

In the in the 3a and 3b The embodiment shown is the component shown there by way of example 1 designed as a (plate) heat exchanger. On this component 1 it can be shown that a good nesting or a good package can be achieved with the method described here. That means that a large number of components 1 can be placed or built up in a defined installation space, cf. 3a . After the additive structure of the components 1 can do this through the action of the build-up medium 6th each experience an increase in volume and have their target geometry, cf. 3b .

Unless the component 1 in its intermediate stage during or at least immediately after the additive construction has a basic shape that at least partially forms a receiving space or a recess, it can be provided that an adjacently constructed component 1 protrudes into this receiving space at least in sections. This enables interlocking placement of neighboring components 1 can be achieved and thus a closer placement of components 1 made possible within the installation space. After the additive build-up, the build-up medium can act 6th an increase in volume of the component or components 1 are designed in such a way that the receiving space is no longer present, at least in sections, in particular completely, since the wall forming the receiving space is formed 7th has deformed in such a way that the receiving space or the recess is no longer present or is present to a lesser extent.

In the 5a to 5c is one in the cavity 3 of the component section 2 arranged or formed support structure 11 shown. The support structure 11 engages in the non-enlarged state on the two opposite horizontal connecting walls 7 ' on, cf. 5a . If now the cavity 3 with build-up medium 6th is filled and due to the build-up medium 6th the connecting walls 7 ' "stretch" it can lead to a partial break (cf. 5b) or to a complete break (cf. 5c ) the connection between the wall (s) 7 ' and the support structure 11 come. For example, the support structure 11 partially or completely broken when the component is used as intended 1 a further function in addition to the support function during the additive manufacturing process and / or in addition to the function of influencing deformation during the action of the build-up medium 6th hold.

List of reference symbols

1

Component

2

Component section

3

cavity

4th

surface

5

Junction

6th

Build-up medium

7th

Wall

7 '

Connecting wall

8th

Reinforcement and stiffening section

10

Exterior surface

11

Support structure

12th

Recording channel

13th

Predetermined breaking point

14th

Fixing area from 11

15th

bracket

16

diameter

17th

volume

18th

Status

19th

Status

20th

Feed and discharge opening

21

Floor space

22nd

Kink area

Claims (14)

Method for producing a component (1), in particular for a vehicle, consisting of at least one component section (2) which is produced in an additive manufacturing process and forms a variable-volume cavity (3), the cavity (3) at least temporarily via at least one with an A connection point arranged or formed on a surface of the component (1) is connected, comprising the method steps: - Forming a component section (2) produced in an additive manufacturing process with a media-tight, in particular gas-tight, cavity (3) or - Provision of a component section (2) produced in an additive manufacturing process with a media-tight, in particular gas-tight, cavity (3), - Introducing a build-up medium (6), in particular a build-up gas, into the cavity (3) of the component section (2) for, in particular plastic, volume-increasing deformation of the component section (2). Procedure according to Claim 1 , characterized in that during and / or after the introduction of the building medium (6) the cavity (3) undergoes a plastic volume-increasing deformation of the component section (2), the plastic volume increase of the cavity (3) at least 10%, preferably at least 30% , particularly preferably at least 70%, most preferably at least 100%. Procedure according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that during the introduction of a building medium (6) the component section is acted on in the manner of a tensile compression forming process, in particular in the manner of an internal high pressure forming process. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the media-tight cavity (3) of the at least one Component section (2) produced from the additive manufacturing process emerges from the additive manufacturing process as a media-tight cavity (3). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the media-tight cavity (3) of the at least one component section (2) produced from the additive manufacturing process comprises at least one opening, which before or during the introduction of the build-up medium (6) into the cavity (3 ) is at least temporarily closed by at least one sealing element in order to close off the cavity (3) in a media-tight manner, in particular in a gas-tight manner. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a gas and / or a liquid and / or a solid and / or a mixture of a gas and / or liquid and / or solid-containing medium is used as the build-up medium (6), preferably an oil-containing emulsion, particularly preferably a water-oil emulsion, is used as the build-up medium (6). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component section (2) produced from the additive manufacturing process undergoes an at least partially, in particular complete, predefined deformation during the introduction of the build-up medium (6) into the cavity (3), in particular a predefined Deformation of the cavity (3) and / or the component section (2) influenced by a reinforcing and / or stiffening section (8) of the component section (2). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one reinforcement and / or stiffening section is formed on at least one wall (7, 7 ') of the component section (2) forming the cavity (3), the at least one reinforcement and / or stiffening section (8) is formed in the course of the additive manufacturing process. Procedure according to Claim 7 or 8th , characterized in that the reinforcement and / or stiffening section (8) by - an area-dependent change in manufacturing parameters for changing the physical and / or chemical properties of the at least one wall (7, 7 ') of the component section (2), in particular for changing the strength and / or rigidity properties of the at least one wall (7, 7 ') of the component section (2), and / or - an area-dependent formation of at least one stiffening rib and / or bead on the at least one wall (7, 7') of the component section (2) and / or - a support structure (11) arranged or formed touching, in particular supporting, an outer surface (10) of the component section (2) and / or - touching one in the cavity (3) of the component section (2) , in particular supporting, arranged or formed support structure (11) is formed. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a support structure (11) with the additively manufactured component section (2) is also built up and the support structure (11) has a supporting effect on the component section (2) at least during the introduction of the building medium (6). holds, the support structure (11) is preferably used at least in sections during the generative manufacturing process to support areas of the component section (2). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component section (2) is at least temporarily fastened to a holder (15) before and / or during the introduction of the construction medium (6) via at least one fastening area (14), in particular on the support structure side, Preferably, the fastening area (14) is also built up in the course of the additive manufacturing process that builds up the component section (2). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the additive method for producing the component section (2) is a stereolithography method (SL), a laser sintering method (LS), a laser beam melting method (LBM), in particular a selective Laser melting process (SLM), an electron beam melting process (EBM), a fused layer modeling / manufacturing process (FLM / FFF), a multi-jet modeling process (MJM), a poly-jet modeling process (PJM), a multi-jet Jet fusion process (MJF), a binder jetting process, a layer laminated manufacturing process (LLM), a digital light processing process (DLP), a thermal transfer sintering process (TTS), a digital light processing process Process (DLP) and / or a digital light synthesis process (DLS), the additive manufacturing process is preferably used as the building material plastic and / or metal, in particular stainless steel and / or copper, and / or resin. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the component (1) comprising the at least one component section (2) is used as a heat exchanger, in particular a plate cooler, and / or as a holder, in particular Bows, and / or is used as an angle and / or as a housing. Component (1), in particular vehicle component, produced according to a method of the preceding claims, in particular having at least one component section (2) which has at least temporarily carried out a volume change according to a method according to one of the preceding claims.

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