DE102020007211A1 - Adsorption refrigeration device and method for generating adsorption refrigeration from heat - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to an adsorption refrigeration device and a method for generating adsorption refrigeration from heat. The invention is based on the object of massively reducing the pressure loss resulting from the flow of the adsorbent in the flow channels, increasing the loading time and reducing the regeneration time and the flow rate This task is achieved in that the heat exchanger is designed as a modified cross-flow plate heat exchanger (4, 5), which comprises at least one pair of profiled sheets (26), which is formed by webs or corrugated troughs (28) connected mirror-inverted profiles (27) having profile sheets (25) which enclose flow channels (30) which run vertically with one another and are filled with adsorbent (AM) and which pass through in the webs / wave troughs (28) arranged flow transitions (31) are connected to one another in the horizontal flow direction, and that the adsorption register (6) has a steam distribution space (8) assigned to the evaporator (13) on the inflow side and a steam deflection and distribution space assigned to the condenser (17) on the outflow side ( 9) into which the flow channels (30) and flow transitions (31) open and are open at their ends, the steam distribution space (8) with the steam deflection and distribution space (9) via the flow channels (30 ) and flow transitions (31) is directly flow-connected, so that the evaporated refrigerant (KM) flows through the adsorbent (AM) located in the flow channels (30) both vertically upwards, horizontally sideways and vertically downwards, and that all flow channels (30) of the adsorption register (6) is enclosed by a distribution space (10) for the supply and discharge of the cooling or heating medium (K, H) guided in cross-flow in flow spaces (34) n are.

Description

1. a) ein Gehäuse, das mindestens ein als Adsorber/Desorber fungierenden Wärmeaustauscher enthält, der sich aus mindestens einem Adsorptionsregister zusammensetzt, welches vertikale Strömungskanäle für den Durchtritt eines dampfförmigen Kältemittels aufweist, wobei die Strömungskanäle von im Kreuzstrom in mindestens einem Strömungsraum geführten Kühl- oder Heizmedium zum indirekten Kühlen bzw. Heizen umströmt sind,
2. b) einen Verdampfer zum Verdampfen des Kältemittels,
3. c) einen Kondensator zum Kondensieren des dampfförmigen Kältemittels,
4. d) ein in die Strömungskanäle eingefülltes Adsorptionsmittel zum Adsorbieren oder Desorbieren des Kältemittels,
5. e) einen Kühlkreis mit Kühler zum Kühlen des Adsorptionsmittels während der Adsorption und einen Heizkreis zum Aufheizen des mit Kältemittel gesättigten Adsorptionsmittels während der Regeneration,
6. f) eine Steuereinheit, die das Adsorbermodul, den Verdampfer, den Kondensator und den Kühl- und Heizkreis vom Adsorptions- in den Regenerationsmodus oder umgekehrt umschaltet.

The invention relates to an adsorption refrigeration device for generating cold from heat, comprising at least one adsorber module (1) operated under vacuum in adsorption and / or regeneration mode

1. a) a housing which contains at least one heat exchanger functioning as an adsorber / desorber, which is composed of at least one adsorption register, which has vertical flow channels for the passage of a vaporous refrigerant, the flow channels of cooling or heating medium guided in cross flow in at least one flow space are flowed around for indirect cooling or heating,
2. b) an evaporator for evaporating the refrigerant,
3. c) a condenser for condensing the vaporous refrigerant,
4. d) an adsorbent filled into the flow channels for adsorbing or desorbing the refrigerant,
5. e) a cooling circuit with a cooler for cooling the adsorbent during adsorption and a heating circuit for heating up the adsorbent saturated with refrigerant during regeneration,
6. f) a control unit that switches the adsorber module, the evaporator, the condenser and the cooling and heating circuit from adsorption to regeneration mode or vice versa.

The invention also relates to a method for generating adsorption cold from heat, in which an adsorbent in at least one adsorber module placed under vacuum is flowed through by a refrigerant evaporated in a vacuum evaporator until the adsorbent is saturated with refrigerant, the adsorbent heating up and at the same time through a cross-flow cooling medium to the evaporated refrigerant ( K ) is cooled, then the adsorbent saturated with refrigerant is regenerated in the adsorber module by heating the saturated adsorbent by a heating medium until the refrigerant is desorbed, the refrigerant desorbate is fed to a condenser, liquefied and the condensate is returned to the vacuum evaporator, and a control unit switches the adsorber module from adsorption to regeneration or vice versa depending on the adsorbent load, with the adsorbent heated during regeneration being cooled until it can be reloaded with refrigerant before switching.

State of the art

A large number of adsorption refrigeration systems are known that use solid adsorbents, for example activated carbon ( DE 28 01 895 AI, DE 38 08 653 C2 ), Zeolite ( DE 30 49 889 A1 , DE 36 38 706 AI, DE 10 2006 011 409 B4 , WO 2015 / 007274A1 ) or silica gel ( DE 38 08 653 C2 ) work.

In the DE 28 01 895 A1 A device for the continuous generation of heat and cold is disclosed, which describes an evaporator for receiving a volatile liquid in heat-exchanging operative relationship to a cold heat source in such a way that the liquid by the heat-exchanging operative relationship with the cold heat source at a pressure P1 and a temperature T1 evaporates in the evaporator. The vapor is adsorbed by a body made of an adsorbent material at the pressure P1 and at a temperature T2 exceeding the temperature T1 and is released at a pressure P2 exceeding the pressure P1 and a temperature T3 exceeding the temperature T2.
Two bodies made of adsorbent material are used, one of which adsorbs the steam and the other body desorbs the steam.

That after DE 30 49 889 A1 known cooling method works with two containers, each containing a heat exchanger made of exchanger fins, the spaces between which are filled with an adsorbent made of zeolite in the form of spheres or rods for adsorption. A heating fluid flows through the heat exchanger and the exchanger fins, so that the adsorbent is heated by convection. At the same time, water vapor flows into the container as coolant liquid, so that the adsorbent adsorbs the water vapor. As soon as the adsorbent is in the container switched to adsorption
is saturated with water vapor, this container is automatically switched to the desorption state and the other container to the adsorption state.

From the DE 36 38 706 A1 a device for the continuous generation of heat and cold is known which has an external heat source, at least one first and second group, which are each operated with different solid adsorbent / cold fluid substance pairs and two reactors containing the same solid adsorbent with a condenser and an evaporator comprise, wherein the reactors of the first group are alternately connected to the external heat source and the heat removed from the first group is used to alternately heat the reactors of the second group.

The DE 38 08 653 C3 proposes a method for operating an adsorption refrigeration system, which comprises at least two adsorption columns, each of which receives a solid adsorbent and heat transfer tubes and a refrigerant, furthermore a condenser, an evaporator and pipelines equipped with valves, which the adsorption columns with the condenser and the evaporator connect so that the refrigerant flows between the adsorption columns, the adsorption columns being switched alternately into the adsorption stage and the desorption stage in such a way that at least one of the adsorption columns is in the adsorption stage and at the same time the other adsorption columns are in the desorption stage, including a heat transfer medium from a heat source for heating the adsorbent or a coolant for cooling it through the heat transfer tubes of the adsorption columns located in the desorption stage or through the heat transfer tubes d he adsorption columns located in the adsorption stage are sent, whereby during the switchover process from the desorption stage to the adsorption stage and vice versa, the entire residual heat present in the adsorption columns still in the desorption stage is fed to the adsorption columns still in the adsorption stage immediately before the switchover. To transfer the residual heat, the coolant presses the heat transfer medium from the adsorption columns that are still in the desorption stage into the adsorption columns that are still in the adsorption stage, after suitable valve switching.

Furthermore, from the DE 10 2006 011 409 B4 an adsorption chiller known which comprises at least one first and second adsorber unit, which are each connected to a flow and a return, in order to supply heat from a heat transfer medium passed through the flow into the adsorber unit or to dissipate it from the adsorber unit to the heat transfer medium. Each adsorber unit works alternately in a desorption phase as a desorber, with heat being removed from the desorber from the heat transfer medium, and an adsorption phase as an adsorber, with heat being transferred from the adsorber to the heat transfer medium. There are at least two heat carrier circuits, namely a heating circuit with a heat source for heating the heat carrier, and a cooling circuit with a heat sink for discharging the heat carrier. Furthermore, a control unit is provided which individually switches the feeds and the returns alternately into the heating circuit and the cooling circuit, so that the return with the highest temperature always feeds its heat transfer medium into the heating circuit.

In another known adsorption chiller, an adsorbent of the alumino-silicate type of Y-zeolite is applied to the heat exchanger in the form of a granular bed, extrudates, spheres, chips and / or as a layer, ie the heat exchanger is enveloped by the adsorbent or in it embedded. The distances between the individual grains in the adsorbent bed and the heat exchanger surfaces thus vary significantly, which makes the heat transfer more difficult. On the other hand, an adsorbent layer applied to the heat exchanger surfaces is limited in terms of its loading capacity simply by its layer thickness.

Another well-known hybrid heat exchanger device for adsorptive cooling ( WO 2015 / 104719A2 ), provides a tubular or microchannel structure on the outside of the heat exchanger surfaces, in the recesses of which are arranged that receive a granular adsorbent as a coating. This known solution is also limited in its loading capacity by the layer thickness of the adsorbent in the recesses, and the exchange of used adsorbent is extremely time-consuming and complicated.

Plate heat exchangers for use in adsorption chillers, heat pumps and the like have also been known for a long time ( DD 55046 A1 , DE 1 601 215 , DE 196 44 938 A1 , DE 199 44 426 C2 , 10 2015 214 374 A1 ).

The DD 55 046 A1 describes a package-shaped plate heat exchanger in lightweight construction with corrugated heat transfer inserts for the transfer of heat between liquid and gaseous media of different pressure, consisting of parallel, angular plates, which form the flow channels, which are laterally closed by walls, as well as nozzles for connecting the supply and discharge the lines used for the heat transfer.

Another known solution ( DE 1 601 215 ) provides a plate heat exchanger for a gas of high temperature and low pressure and a coolant under high pressure from a stack of similarly corrugated, rectilinear, oblong-quadrangular metal sheets, each of which has one edge area sealing with the corresponding edge area of the other adjacent metal sheet are connected in such a way that, on the one hand, two adjacent metal sheets lie on top of each other in a mirror image of the common contact plane and thus form a row of individual, parallel, round-surface pipe ducts between them by means of the wave-like formations, on the other hand, two adjacent, different pipe duct rows belonging to them Metal sheets are arranged at a distance from one another and offset by half a wavelength, the edge regions of the respective adjacent pipe sheets running perpendicular to the pipe channels being deformed towards one another to form the sealing edge.

To the state of the art ( DE 37 10 823 C2 ) also includes a cross-flow heat exchanger with profiles arranged in a grid. The plate element has a wall thickness of 0.5 to 1.1 mm, the embossing depth of the profiles being in the range from 3.2 to 7.0 mm and the embossing length being 10 to 20 mm. The embossed shaped sheet has, as profiling, beads that are aligned in a grid-like manner in the longitudinal and transverse directions and are evenly arranged. The heat exchanger plates are each stacked on top of one another in pairs with respect to the beads and are welded to one another at their transverse edges. The beads of the adjacent heat exchanger plates thus delimit the gap-like channels. If two such pairs of plates are stacked on top of one another and connected in the manner of a seal, the beads oriented in the other direction form tube-like channels.
In this way, the adjacent, pipe-like closed channels arise in one direction and the adjacent gap-like channels in the direction transverse to them. The heat-exchanging media can thus flow in a cross-flow to one another.

In addition, from the DE 196 44 928 A1 an adsorption chiller known which has at least one refrigerant evaporator for evaporating a refrigerant, at least two chambers in which an adsorbent evaporated refrigerant is adsorbed and desorbed when heated, and at least one condenser on which desorbed vaporous refrigerant is deposited. The two chambers are connected to compensate for the vapor pressure of the refrigerant in them. Plate heat exchangers are used in the chambers, in which the adsorbent is applied to the heat exchanger as a flat layer.

Furthermore, in the DE 199 44 426 C2 discloses a plate heat exchanger with cross-flow flow channels which are wave-shaped for one medium and tubular for the other medium, the tubular flow channels on the one hand between individual plates connected to form a pair of plates and provided with several parallel rows of channel-shaped embossed sections and on the other hand the wave-shaped flow sections between the plate pairs joined together to form a plate stack are formed. The embossed sections of adjacent rows are arranged offset in the longitudinal direction of the tubular flow channels.

To DE 10 2015 214 374 A1 ) an adsorption heat pump with plate heat exchanger is also known, which has at least one flow channel charged with liquid and at least one flow channel charged with refrigerant with sorbent arranged therein, and with at least one evaporator-condenser for alternating evaporation and condensation of the refrigerant, the evaporator-condenser at least one flow channel charged with refrigerant and has at least one fluid-acted flow channel. The sorber heat exchanger and the evaporator-condenser are each designed as plate heat exchangers. The plate heat exchangers are arranged vertically so that the flow through the flow channels is perpendicular.

All of these known solutions have the disadvantage that the vaporous refrigerant has to flow through the flow channel filled with adsorbent in order to be able to adsorb the refrigerant, which causes pressure losses that lower the flow rate, promote different loading of the adsorbent above the bed height, the mass transfer by damming up and limit the throughput and thus the specific cooling capacity of the adsorption refrigeration systems. Ultimately, the pressure loss limits the bed height of the adsorbent in the flow channels and thus the economically effective size of the plate heat exchangers in adsorption refrigeration systems and their cooling capacity.

Task

In this state of the art, the invention is based on the object of massively reducing the pressure loss occurring when the adsorbent in the flow channels flows through, increasing the loading time and reducing the regeneration time and the flow rate while improving the economy even with high-performance adsorption refrigeration devices to increase significantly.

This object is achieved by a device with the features of claim 1 and a method with the features of claim 28.

Advantageous configurations of the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention can be found in the subclaims.

The solution to the problem is achieved in that the heat exchanger is designed as a modified cross-flow plate heat exchanger which comprises at least one pair of profiled sheets, which are made up of mirror-inverted profiles connected by webs or wave troughs having profiled sheets is formed which enclose vertically running flow channels filled with adsorbent, which are connected to one another in the horizontal flow direction by flow transitions arranged in the webs / corrugation troughs, and that the adsorption register on the upstream side has a vapor distribution chamber assigned to the evaporator and on the downstream side one assigned to the condenser Has steam deflection and distribution space into which the flow channels and flow transitions open and are open at their ends, the steam distribution space being directly flow-connected to the steam deflection and distribution space via the flow channels and flow transitions, so that vaporized When loading, the refrigerant flows through the adsorbent located in the flow channels both vertically upwards, horizontally sideways and vertically downwards, and that all flow channels of the adsorption register from a distribution space for the supply and discharge of the are enclosed in flow spaces in a cross-flow cooling or heating medium.

In a further development of the adsorbent refrigeration device according to the invention, the profile has a semicircular, oval, triangular, trapezoidal or box-shaped shape that is open towards the top, so that the flow channels that arise when the profile sheets are arranged on top of one another have a tubular, wave-like, diamond-shaped, rectangular or polygonal cross-section.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, the webs or wave troughs of the profiles of the two profile sheets are arranged at a defined vertical distance from one another by a spacer structure or by spacers, the distance being smaller than the smallest grain size of the adsorbent and the distance 0, 1 to 3.0 mm, so that the grains of the adsorbent still cannot get into the flow transition.

In a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, it is provided that the spacer structure / spacers are offset from one another in the longitudinal direction of the profile sheets in the webs / corrugation troughs are formed, molded or arranged, the profile sheets only need to be placed on top of one another in pairs in order to form the flow channels and flow transitions.

According to a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, the flow channels are provided on the inflow and outflow side with a sieve through which the vaporous refrigerant can flow, the mesh size of which is smaller than the smallest grain size of the adsorbent. After the sieves on the downstream side have been removed from the flow channels, this enables the adsorbent to be poured into the opening of the flow channels without any problems. The screen on the inflow side can also be easily dismantled if the used adsorbent has to be removed from the flow channels.

The embodiment of the device according to the invention also provides that the adsorbent has a grain size which is adapted to the dimensions, the cross section and the shape of the flow channels so that the grains of the adsorbent have a small distance from the cooling / heating surface of the flow channel for short diffusion paths and have a high heat conduction, whereby short diffusion paths between the grains and a high heat conduction between the cooling / heating surfaces and the grains can be ensured.

In a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, several pairs of profiled sheet metal with their flow channels and flow transitions are arranged in superimposed, spaced-apart layers, the flow channels of the lower layer being assigned to the webs or the wave troughs of the upper layer and the superimposed layers between them the flow spaces for the Form a cooling or heating medium.
The superimposed profile plate pairs can also be separated and spaced apart by a wave-shaped flow guide and spacer plate with wave crests, the wave crests of the flow guide and spacer plate being assigned to the web / wave trough of the profile plate pair arranged above or below.
Preferably, the flow guide and spacer plate is a thin corrugated sheet with spacer profiles formed in the corrugation crests and exceeding the height of the corrugation crests, which are arranged offset to one another from wave crest to wave crest, with the spacer profiles in the profile sheet pairs located above and below one another intervene in a supporting manner and the respective spacer profile is firmly fixed at the end on the associated pair of profiled sheets, which results in a particularly compact design of the adsorption register with a low weight.

A particularly preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention provides that the modified cross-flow plate heat exchanger forms a rectangular structural unit which is arranged in the interior of a rectangular or cylindrical housing, the steam distribution chamber on the inflow side as a foot part, the steam deflection and downstream side distribution space is designed as a head part and the distribution space for the cooling or Heating medium encloses all flow spaces with an open flow.
According to a further development of the invention, the structural unit has an inflow-side floor and an outflow-side floor, the respective floor consisting either of a single molded part or of several molded parts adapted to the contour of the flow channels, which are firmly connected to one another and to the profile sheet pairs.

In a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, several adsorption registers of an adsorption module are arranged vertically one above the other and each adsorption register has the steam distribution space on the inflow side and the steam deflection and distribution space on the outflow side, the steam deflection and distribution space being below the upper adsorption register arranged adsorption register are fluidly connected to the vapor distribution space of the adsorption register arranged above the lower adsorption register.
This makes it possible to specifically design the performance of the refrigerant device in accordance with the requirements. It is particularly advantageous that the vaporous refrigerant can pass unhindered through the flow transitions into each adsorption register and can be evenly distributed over the adsorbent located in the flow channels.

A further advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention provides for continuous operation that at least two interconnected adsorber modules are provided, of which the first adsorber module is switched in adsorption mode and the second adsorber module is switched in regeneration mode or vice versa Steam deflecting and distributing space and an outer distribution chamber and the adsorber module has a steam distributing chamber, a steam deflecting and distributing chamber and an outer distributing chamber, the outer distributing chambers for the heating and cooling medium being connected to one another in flow connection.

In a further development of the invention, the adsorber module can be designed to be self-sufficient and separate, and several of these self-sufficient and separate adsorber modules can be interconnected.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the vacuum evaporator is provided with a droplet separator, heat exchanger and a vacuum pump, the vacuum evaporator with the steam distribution chamber at the foot via connecting lines and a shut-off valve with the flow channels and flow transitions of the adsorption register of the adsorber modules is in flow connection.

According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, the vapor distribution spaces of the adsorption modules are flanged on the inflow side via nozzles on a container wall of the evaporator and the vapor deflection and distribution spaces on the outflow side via nozzles on the wall of the condenser, the respective shut-off valves in the nozzle for opening and shutting off of the vacuum evaporator or condenser ( 17th ) are arranged.
This results in the advantage of a particularly compact design of the device according to the invention with, at the same time, minimized pressure losses.

According to a further feature of the device according to the invention, the condenser is flow-connected via a supply line and a connecting line which connects the steam deflection and distribution spaces with one another and which has a shut-off valve assigned to the steam deflection and distribution space Valve-equipped condensate line for discharging the condensate is connected to the vacuum evaporator.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, a supply line for the cooling and heating circuit, which integrates the distribution spaces on the inflow side, branches into two supply lines arranged in parallel, with a supply line connected to the cooler for the cooled cooling medium into the one supply line and a supply line for the heated one Integrates the heating medium in the other flow line and the flow lines are provided with shut-off valves in the flow direction after the branching, which are each arranged in the flow direction before the supply line for the cooled cooling medium is integrated in the flow line and before the supply line for the heated heating medium is integrated in the other flow line.

Expediently, a return line for the cooling and heating circuit exiting the distribution chambers branches into two return lines arranged in parallel, the return line being flow-connected to the cooler by a discharge line via a buffer tank for the heated cooling medium and a pump and the return line by a discharge line for the cooled heating medium is in connection with a heat source, and that the return lines are provided with shut-off valves in the flow direction after the branching, which in each case in the flow direction before the connection of the discharge line for the heated cooling medium in the return line and before the connection of the discharge line for the cooled heating medium in the other return line are arranged.

In a further embodiment of the device according to the invention, it is provided that waste heat is used as the heating source, which preferably arises from compressors, solar thermal systems, compressors, electrolyses, CHP units or other processes.

According to a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention, the adsorbent is a silica gel, aluminum oxide gel, molecular sieve or activated carbon bulk or consists of a mixture thereof. The bed can be introduced into the vertical flow channels simply by loosening the flow screens arranged at the top and, after exhaustion of the adsorbent, removed from the flow channels again by removing the flow screens closing the flow channels at the bottom.
The refrigerant preferably consists of water or a water-alcohol mixture. The latter is used when lower refrigerant temperatures are required. The cooling and heating medium used is water or water mixed with stabilizers, preferably glycol, corrosion inhibitors or biocides.

Another advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention proposes that the steam distribution spaces and steam deflection and distribution spaces of the adsorber modules are provided with pressure / temperature sensors that are connected to the control unit via control lines to determine the pressure and temperature of the refrigerant vapor which causes the shut-off valves to be opened or closed according to the operating status by issuing a command.
The vapor pressure in the vacuum evaporator is monitored by a pressure-regulated valve arranged in the condensate line and the pressure of the refrigerant vapor leaving the vacuum evaporator is monitored by a pressure sensor arranged in the connecting line to the steam distribution chambers. The temperatures of the cooling and heating medium are recorded by temperature sensors which are arranged in the supply line to the condenser, the supply line for the cooled coolant and the discharge line for the heated coolant.

It is of particular importance for the device according to the invention that the performance of the device is freely selectable in length, width and height due to its pressure loss, which is significantly lower than in the known prior art, due to the number of adsorption modules and adsorption registers, so that the cooling capacity of the device can be optimally adapted to the technical requirements and tasks.

In a further preferred embodiment, the adsorber modules consist of metallic materials with good thermal conductivity, preferably of stainless steel, copper or the like. The adsorption registers can therefore be made particularly thin-walled, so that the adsorber modules are lightweight, compact, can be connected in a materially bonded manner, and are easy to assemble and maintenance-free.

The object is achieved with the method according to the invention in that, during adsorption, the vapor flow of the refrigerant is split into partial flows through flow channels and flow transitions of a modified cross-flow plate heat exchanger opening into a vapor distribution space of the adsorption register AS1 , AS2, AS3 is fanned out so that the partial flow AS1 the adsorbent located in the flow channels flows through vertically, the partial flow AS2 flows through flow transitions connected to the flow channels in its vertical upward flow into partial flows AS3 and AS4 branches, the partial flow AS3 flowing in and out of the adsorbent sideways and the partial flow AS4 After deflection in a steam deflection and distribution space, the adsorbent is applied in the flow channels in a vertical downward direction, so that the vapor of the refrigerant is evenly distributed over the adsorbent, and that during the regeneration the desorbing refrigerant from the adsorbent into vaporous partial flows RS1 , RS2, RS3 is fanned out so that the partial flow RS1 flows out of the adsorbent in the vertical direction, whereby from the partial flow RS1 as it flows out, a horizontal partial flow RS2 branches off, which flows sideways out of the adsorbent and forms a vertical partial flow RS3 which reaches the steam deflection and distribution space.
This makes it possible to significantly reduce the loading time of the adsorbent with vaporous refrigerant during adsorption and the desorption time during regeneration.

The further embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that the flow transitions are set to a distance between the webs / wave troughs that is smaller than the grain size of the adsorbent, the distance being 0.1 to 3.0 mm. This ensures that the grains of the adsorbent cannot get into and through the flow transitions.

According to a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the flow channels of the adsorption register are filled with silica gel, aluminum oxide gel, molecular sieves, activated carbon or mixtures thereof.
The refrigerant used is water or a water-alcohol mixture and the cooling and heating medium used is water or water mixed with stabilizers, preferably glycol, corrosion inhibitors or biocides.

Further advantages and details emerge from the following description with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Figure list

The invention will be explained in more detail below using an exemplary embodiment.

• 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Profilblechpaares, das aus seitenverkehrt übereinanderliegenden Profilblechen gebildet ist,
• 2 eine vergrößerte Ansicht der Strömungskanäle und der die Strömungskanäle verbindenden Strömungsübergänge mit Darstellung der seitlichen Anströmrichtung des Kältemittels in die Körner des Adsorptionsmittels,
• 3a eine Ansicht von übereinanderliegenden Profilblechpaaren in Schnittdarstellung entlang der Linie A-A der 5,
• 3b eine perspektivische Ansicht von zwei übereinanderliegenden Profilblechpaaren mit im Strömungsraum für das Kühl- oder Heizmedium eingesetztem Strömungsleit- und Abstandsblech,
• 3c eine Draufsicht der 2,
• 3d eine perspektivische Darstellung des in den Strömungsräumen zwischen den Profilblechpaaren eingesetzten Strömungsleit- und Abstandsbleches,
• 4a eine perspektivische Darstellung einer aus mehreren Profilblechpaaren zusammengesetzten Baueinheit mit zuström- und abströmseitigen Boden,
• 4b den Aufbau des Bodens gemäß 4a,
• 5 eine Seitenansicht des Adsorbermoduls ohne Vakuum-Verdampfer und Kondensator mit zuströmseitig angeordnetem Dampfverteilraum für das dampfförmige Kältemittel, abströmseitig angeordnetem Dampfumlenk- und -verteilraum für das Kältemittel und peripheren Verteilraum für das Kühl- und Heizmedium,
• 6 eine Seitenansicht eines Adsorbermoduls aus beispielsweise zwei übereinander angeordneten Adsorptionsregistern,
• 7a und 7b schematische Darstellungen des Aufbaus der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung mit Vakuum-Verdampfer, Kondensator, Kühler, Kühl- und Heizkreislauf beim Adsorbieren/Desorbieren und Kühlen,
• 8 eine Seitenansicht einer Anordnung von zwei mittels Stutzen am Verdampfer angeflanschter Adsorbermodule ohne Peripherie und
• 9a und 9b einen Schnitt entlang der Linie B-B der 5 mit schematische Darstellung der Beaufschlagung des Adsorptionsmittels mit dem dampfförmigen Kältemittel bei der Adsorption und Desorption.

Show it

• 1 a perspective view of a pair of profiled sheets, which is formed from laterally reversed superimposed profiled sheets,
• 2 an enlarged view of the flow channels and the flow transitions connecting the flow channels, showing the lateral direction of flow of the refrigerant into the grains of the adsorbent,
• 3a a view of superimposed profile sheet pairs in a sectional view along the line AA of 5 ,
• 3b a perspective view of two superimposed profile plate pairs with flow guide and spacer plate inserted in the flow space for the cooling or heating medium,
• 3c a top view of the 2 ,
• 3d a perspective view of the flow guide and spacer plates used in the flow spaces between the profile plate pairs,
• 4a a perspective view of a structural unit composed of several pairs of profiled sheet metal with an inflow and outflow-side floor,
• 4b the structure of the soil according to 4a ,
• 5 a side view of the adsorber module without vacuum evaporator and condenser with the inflow side arranged vapor distribution space for the vaporous refrigerant, outflow side arranged vapor deflection and distribution space for the refrigerant and peripheral distribution space for the cooling and heating medium,
• 6th a side view of an adsorber module from, for example, two adsorption registers arranged one above the other,
• 7a and 7b schematic representations of the structure of the device according to the invention with vacuum evaporator, condenser, cooler, cooling and heating circuit during adsorbing / desorbing and cooling,
• 8th a side view of an arrangement of two adsorber modules flanged to the evaporator by means of nozzles and without peripherals
• 9a and 9b a section along the line BB of 5 with a schematic representation of the application of the adsorbent to the vaporous refrigerant during adsorption and desorption.

The 1 shows the basic structure of a profile sheet pair 26 of an adsorption register consisting of thin rectangular profile sheets 25 made of stainless steel 6th or. 7th in perspective view. The two profile sheets preferably have a thickness of 0.3 mm, for example.
Longitudinal LR of the profile sheet 25, semicircular or wave-shaped profiles 27 are formed, which are connected to one another by webs or wave troughs 28 are connected and spaced apart. The webs or corrugated valleys 28 are formed with an integrally formed wart-like or corrugated spacing structure 29 provided, which has a defined height and to each other along the ridges or wave troughs 28 are arranged offset to one another.
The two profile sheets 25 are mirror images, that is, placed one on top of the other in a laterally reversed manner, and form in the longitudinal direction LR parallel flow channels spaced apart from one another 30th out into which an adsorbent AT THE , for example a bed of silica gel, aluminum oxide gel, molecular sieves or activated carbon or mixtures thereof is introduced. In addition to the semicircular shape, the profile 27 can also have a wave-shaped, semi-oval, triangular, trapezoidal, polygonal or box-shaped shape, so that when the two profile sheets 25 are arranged one above the other, flow channels 30th with a tubular, oval, diamond-shaped, polygonal or rectangular cross-section.
In the with adsorbent AT THE filled flow channels 30th there is hardly any convection, but practically only thermal conduction / thermal radiation. The particles of the adsorbent AT THE have a small distance from the cooling or heating surface F. (Inner wall) of the respective flow channel 30th or touch them directly, so that a good heat flow from the cooling or heating surface into or from the grains with short diffusion paths can be guaranteed.
This is ensured by the fact that the adsorbent AT THE has a grain size that depends on the dimensions, the cross section and the shape of the flow channels 30th is adjusted so that the grains of the adsorbent AT THE a distance of significantly less than 5 mm to the cooling / heating surface F. of the respective flow channel 30th exhibit.

The superimposed ridges or wave troughs 28 the two profile sheets 25 have a defined distance due to the height of the spacer structure or the spacers A. from each other and act as flow transitions 31 running lengthways LR the profile sheets 25 over their entire length L. run and the adjacent vertical flow channels 30th one below the other in a lateral direction (see 2 ) connect flow. The distance between the webs or wave troughs 28 is dimensioned such that it is smaller than the smallest grain size of the adsorbent used. The distance A. can be 0.1 to 3.0 mm.
The evaporated refrigerant KM can thus reach the adsorbent both vertically upwards, vertically downwards and sideways without any significant pressure loss AT THE reach. This has the advantage of fast and high loading with low pressure loss.
The flow channels 30th and the flow transitions 31 for the vaporous refrigerant KM are preferably vertical in the adsorption register 6th or. 7th arranged.
The adsorbent AT THE can simply go into the flow channels 30th be poured, which results in a high degree of flexibility in the choice of adsorbent.
Through one at the ends of the flow channels 30th attached flow screen 32 whose mesh size is smaller than the smallest grain size of the adsorbent used, the latter is prevented from getting out of the flow channels 30th to resign.

How 3a shows the profile sheet pairs 26 in superimposed layers 26a and 26th b arranged, the flow channels 30th the lower layer 26b the webs or the wave valleys 28 of the upper layer 26a are assigned and the facing positions 26a and 26b between them the flow channels 34 train so that the cooling or heating medium K or. H in cross flow to that in the flow channels 30th flowing refrigerant KM can be performed. The webs or wave troughs 28 of the layers lying one above the other or one below the other 26a and 26b show an offset to each other V out.

From the 3b it becomes clear that between the layers arranged one above the other 26a and 26b the profile plate pairs 26 also wave-shaped flow guide and spacer plates 33 can be used, which allow the cooling or heating medium K or. H multi-pass in cross-countercurrent to the refrigerant KM respectively.
In the wave crests WB of the flow guide and spacer plate 33 are spacer profiles at regular intervals from one another 33a molded, each reciprocally in the by the offset V formed area of the profiled sheet metal pairs arranged one above the other engage in a supporting manner, the spacer profile 33a on the respective pair of profiled sheets 26th at the beginning and end is firmly attached, so that a displacement of the flow guide spacer plate 33 is excluded (see 3c ).
To 3d are the spacer profiles 33a in the adjacent wave crests WB of the flow guide and spacer plate 33 to each other for a gap 68 arranged offset, so that flow paths SF arise, which the cooling or heating medium guided in the cross-flow K , H force to deflect and thereby generate turbulence for an effective heat exchange. An example of a flow path SF is indicated by arrows in FIG 3d marked.

The 4a and 4b illustrate the structure of a structural unit composed of several pairs of profiled sheets 4a or. 5a a cross-flow plate heat exchanger 4th or. 5 . The profile plate pairs 26 penetrate with their flow channels 30th and flow transitions 31 an upstream floor 69 and a downstream floor 70 .
The bases 69 and 70 are composed of molded parts 69 to 69.n and 70.1 to 70.n, the contour of which is adapted to the shape and dimensions of the profiled sheet metal pairs 26, expediently by laser cutting. The molded parts are joined together with the inserted profile sheet metal pairs 26 along the contour and materially connected by laser welding or brazing, so that a substantially rectangular apparatus is created, which can optionally be in a rectangular or cylindrical housing 3 can be used. The joining direction is indicated by an arrow in the 2 B marked.

The 5 shows the basic structure of the adsorber module 1 or 2 according to the invention.
In the case 3 made of stainless steel is used as an adsorption register 6th or. 7th trained modified cross-flow plate heat exchanger 4th or arranged in the form of the structural unit 4a or 5a.
The modified cross-flow plate heat exchanger 4th differs from the known plate heat exchangers in that the one with adsorbent AT THE filled flow channels 30th each other in the horizontal direction over the entire length of the flow channels 30th through flow transitions 31 are connected so that the adsorbent AT THE in adsorption both vertically upwards, horizontally sideways and vertically downwards with refrigerant KM is acted upon and pressure losses when flowing through are largely avoided.
The upstream floor 69 the unit 4a is together with one to the housing 2 belonging headboard 71 of the adsorber module 1 or 2 at the front on the wall 72 of
Flanged housing jacket 3a, so that a steam distribution space on the inflow side 8th arises in which the vaporous refrigerant KM . and enter.
The downstream floor 70 the unit 4a and one on the wall 72 of the housing shell 3a at the front flanged foot part 73 forms a steam deflection and distribution space 9 into which the outflowing refrigerant KM after leaving the flow channels 30th got.
The inside of the case 3 arranged structural unit 4a or. 5a is for the supply and discharge of a cooling or heating medium K resp. H , for example water, from a distribution room 10 surrounded, the one between the wall 72 of the housing shell 3a and the structural unit 4a or 5a is formed.
Profiled sheet metal pairs 26 lying one above the other form flow spaces with one another 34 , which are open to flow into the distribution area 10 open out, so that the cooling medium or the heating medium K or H through the flow spaces 34 can be performed.
In the case. that in the flow spaces 34 the flow guide and spacer plates 33 are arranged, create turbulence in the cooling or heating medium K or H , which significantly improves the effectiveness of the heat exchange.

In 6th are, for example, two identical, modified cross-flow plate heat exchangers arranged vertically one above the other 4th and 5 shown as an adsorption register 6th and 7th are trained. When arranging the adsorption registers 6th and 7th is the steam distribution space 8th of the upper adsorption register 7th with the steam deflection and distribution area 9 of the adsorption register below 6th fluidly connected, so that the refrigerant KM the adsorption registers arranged one above the other without any significant pressure loss 6th and 7th can flow through.

The profile sheet pairs 26 consist of metallic material with a high thermal conductivity, preferably stainless steel, have a thickness of 0.1 to 1.0 mm, can be welded and brazed, corrosion-resistant and permanently tight.

We now turn to the structure of the device according to the invention for continuous operation with two adsorber modules 1 and 2 and their interconnection is referred to.
The 7a shows the adsorber module 1 during adsorption and the adsorber module 2 in the desorption mode.
The steam distribution chamber 8a or 8b on the inflow side is connected to a shut-off valve 11a or 11b provided connecting line 12th with the vacuum evaporator 13th connected through which the vapor of the refrigerant KM is fed to the respective steam distribution space 8a or 8b.
The steam distribution spaces 8a and 8b of the adsorber modules 1 and 2 are through the connecting line 12th connected, each from the in the connecting line 12th integrated shut-off valve 11a assigned to the steam distribution space 8a and one in the connecting line 12th integrated shut-off valve assigned to the steam distribution chamber 8b 11b locked or opened. During the adsorption, the shut-off valve 11a assigned to the adsorber module 1 is open and the shut-off valve assigned to the adsorber module 2 is open 11b closed.

Between the two shut-off valves 11a and 11b leads the connection line 12th via a line 35 into the cathedral 36 of the vacuum evaporator 13, which is controlled by a pressure sensor integrated into the connecting line 12/35 37 the pressure of the vaporizer 13th leaving vapor of the refrigerant KM supervised. The pressure sensor 37 is via a control line 38 with the control unit 39 connected, which in turn open or close the associated shut-off valve 11a or 11b according to the operating status of the adsorber modules 1 and 2.
The connecting line 12th leads into the steam distribution space 8a or 8b, which is a pressure and temperature sensor 40a is assigned to the pressure and temperature of the vapor of the refrigerant KM detected in the steam distribution space 8a or 8b and with the control unit 39 via the control line 38 connected is.
The downstream steam deflection and distribution spaces 9a and 9b are interconnected by a connecting line 14th in connection, in the shut-off valves 15a or. 15b are involved, of which the shut-off valve 15a the steam deflection and distribution space 9a and the shut-off valve 15b is assigned to the steam deflection and distribution space 9b. A supply line 16 for the desorbate steam leaving the steam deflection and distribution spaces 9a and 9b binds between the two shut-off valves 15a or. 15b in the connection line 14th and leads to the capacitor 17th over a condensate line 18th with the vacuum evaporator 13th communicates. During the adsorption / desorption, the shut-off valve assigned to the vapor deflection distribution space 9a is in place 15a closed and the shut-off valve assigned to the steam deflection distribution space 9b 15b open.

The vapor pressure of the desorbate vapor is determined by a pressure and temperature sensor assigned to the vapor deflection and distribution spaces 9a and 9b, respectively 40b determined the one with the control unit 39 via the control line 38 connected is. In the area of the connecting line 14 between the two shut-off valves 15a and 15b leads the supply line 16 to the capacitor 17th . The feed line 16 is on the inlet side upstream of the condenser 17th with a temperature sensor 41a and the condensate line 18th downstream after the condenser 17th with a temperature sensor 41c and a pressure sensor 42 is provided which measures the temperature of the desorbate vapor upstream of the condenser 17th and detect the temperature and pressure of the condensate leaving the condenser. The temperature sensors 41a and 41c as well as the pressure sensor 42 are via the control line 38 with the control unit 39 electrically connected. In the condensate line 18th is a pressure-regulated valve 43 incorporated that the negative pressure in the vacuum evaporator 13th monitored and in the event of an increase in the negative pressure in the vacuum evaporator 13th the condensate line 18th opens, removing condensate from the condenser 17th into the vacuum evaporator 13th arrives and an almost constant evaporator pressure, for example 10 mbar, is guaranteed. The valve 43 can be designed as an independently regulating unit or by the control unit 39 be controlled electrically.

In the distribution rooms 10a or. 10b the adsorber modules 1 and 2 binds a cooling circuit 19th and a heating circuit 20th a.
For the supply of the cooling medium on the inflow side, preferably water with a flow temperature of about 30 ° C., is used in the flow spaces 34 leading distribution room 10a of the respective adsorption register 6th or. 7th with a flow line that can be opened and shut off 22nd connected.
The distribution space is used to discharge the cooling medium 10a Downstream via an openable and lockable return line 24 connected.

The cooling circuit 19th is made up of the inflow side into the distribution rooms 10a or. 10b integrating flow line 22nd , the outflow side from the distribution rooms 10a or. 10b leading return line 24 , a discharge line connected to the return line 24a 44 for the heated cooling medium, a buffer tank 48 , a pump 61 and a cooler 47 together, the outflow side via a feed line 50 is in communication with the flow line 22b. The temperature of the heated cooling medium is determined by one of the discharge lines 44 assigned temperature sensor 41b determined the one with the control unit 39 via the control line 38 communicates.
The cooler 47 cools the cooling medium, preferably water, which has absorbed the adsorption heat generated during adsorption, for example from 35.degree. C. to 30.degree.

The upstream and downstream sides in the distribution rooms 10a or. 10b the adsorption register 6th or. 7th integrating flow line 22nd and return line 24 branch into two parallel flow lines 22a and 22b as well as return lines 24a and 24b, the return line 24a with the discharge line 44 is connected, in which the heated by the heat of adsorption cooling medium to the cooler 47 is fed. The feed line 50 feeds this through the cooler 47 cooled cooling medium into the flow line 22b. The temperature of the through the cooler 47 cooled cooling medium is fed into the supply line by a 50 integrated temperature sensor 41e recorded and via the control line 38 to the control unit 39 transmitted. In each case in the direction of flow after the branch, the flow lines 22a and 22b have the adsorption register 6th or. 7th Shut-off valves assigned on the inflow side 46a or. 46b and 46c resp. 46d and shut-off valves assigned on the downstream side to the return lines 24a and 24b 49a or. 49b and 49c or. 49d . The shut-off valves 46a to 46d and 49a to 49d are via the control line 38 with the control unit 39 electrically connected to output a command to the actuators of the shut-off valves, not shown, to open or close them.

The heating circuit 20th consists of a heating source 56 , the waste heat from industrial processes o. The like. For example from electrolysis, compressors, CHP, solar or the like. uses. The heat source feeds during the desorption 56 the heating medium H , preferably water at a temperature of 90 ° C., for example, via a feed line 45 into the flow line 22a on the inflow side into the distribution space 10b of the adsorber module 2, the shut-off valve 46c assigned to the adsorber module 2 being opened and the shut-off valve assigned to the adsorber module 1 being opened 46a closed is.
A discharge leads from the return line 24b 55 to the heat source 56 , in which the heating medium cooled to, for example, 85 ° C H is reheated.
The heating medium H flows through the horizontal flow channels 34 and heats it up in the flow channels 30th located with refrigerant KM saturated adsorbent so far that the refrigerant KM desorbed. The desorbed refrigerant KM reaches the connecting line via the steam deflection and distribution space 9b 14th and via the supply line 16 into the condenser 17th . The corresponding shut-off valve 15b in the connection line 14th The shut-off valve assigned to the steam deflection and distribution space 9a is open 15a on the other hand closed.

The refrigerant KM , for example water with a temperature of 17 ° C, is made from one with a refrigerant supply 57 connected buffer tank 51 via a pump 52 and a delivery line 53 into the vacuum evaporator 13th fed into the vacuum evaporator 13th amount of refrigerant supplied KM (Water) is adjusted so that the evaporated amount of refrigerant KM corresponds approximately to the amount supplied, so that the vacuum evaporator 103 can operate at an approximately constant negative pressure.
On the inlet side is in the refrigerant supply 57 in front of the buffer tank 51 a temperature sensor 41d arranged over the control line 38 with the control unit 39 is electrically connected.
The pressure of the refrigerant KM is with one in the delivery line 53 integrated pressure sensor 54 determined via the control line 38 with the control unit 39 connected is.

The vacuum evaporator 13 consists of a container 58 in which a heat exchanger 59 and a mist eliminator 60 is arranged. The container 58 is with liquid refrigerant
KM , for example water, filled to the extent that the heat exchanger 59 in the refrigerant KM completely submerged.
Above the liquid level of the refrigerant KM is the container 58 connected to a vacuum pump, not shown, which controls the pressure in the container 58 on the evaporation pressure of the refrigerant KM lowers, whereby the liquid refrigerant depending on the negative pressure KM evaporates and as a result of the evaporation the temperature of the refrigerant KM drops to 12 ° C, for example. The refrigerant (water) cooled in this way is discharged via the cold water drain 21 Discharged to a consumer for further use, for example for cooling rooms by an air conditioning system or for cooling industrial processes. The temperature of the out of the vacuum evaporator 13th Discharged cold water is through a in or on the cold water discharge 21 located temperature sensor 41f recorded with the control unit 39 via the control line 38 connected is.

During adsorption in adsorber module 1, adsorber module 2 is in the desorption state (see 7a) . During the adsorption process in adsorber module 1 and during the desorption process in adsorber module 2, the steam deflection and distribution space 9a is in the connecting line 14th arranged shut-off valve 15a closed and the steam deflection and distribution space 9b in the connecting line 14th assigned shut-off valve 15b open.
The adsorber module 1 at the foot of the cooling circuit 19th in the supply line 22nd assigned shut-off valve 46b is open and the shut-off valve 46a closed in the flow line 22a, while the shut-off valve belonging to the adsorber module 2 and located in the flow line 22b 46d is closed and the shut-off valve 46c arranged in the flow line 22a is open. The shut-off valve located in the return line 24a 49c is in the closed position and the shut-off valve arranged in the return line 24b 49d in the open position.
That in the cooler 47 Cooled cooling medium arrives via the supply line 50 , the open shut-off valve 46b and the flow line 22b into the flow spaces 34 where it absorbs the heat of adsorption through thermal conduction. The cooling medium heated in this way leaves the adsorber module 1 on the outflow side and is via the open shut-off valve 49a and the return line 24 in the derivation 44 to the cooler 47 discharged. Cooling the adsorbent AT THE is maintained over the entire duration of the adsorption.
One connects to an external heating source in the flow line 22a 56 connected supply line 45 for a heating medium H , preferably water at a temperature of about 90 ° C, via the open shut-off valve 46c and the distribution space 10b in the horizontal flow channels 34 of the adsorber module 2 arrives and that in the vertical flow channels 30th located adsorbents AT THE heats up to the extent that the adsorbed refrigerant KM from the adsorbent AT THE desorbed and as a vaporous desorbate via the vapor deflection and distribution space 9b with the shut-off valve open 15b via the connection line 14th and lead 16 into the capacitor 17th where the desorbate vapor condenses, as condensate via the condensate line 18th into the vacuum evaporator according to the required quantity 13th is discharged.
That after flowing through the flow spaces 34 cooled heating medium H flows through the open shut-off valve 49d via the return line 24b and the discharge 55 to the heat source 56 back that the heating medium H heats up again. This continues until there is no refrigerant KM more desorbed and thus the desorption process is complete.
The 7b shows the circuit of adsorber modules 1 and 2 during adsorption and cooling. Adsorber modules 1 and 2, which are in the adsorption state and in the regeneration state, must be cooled in order to dissipate the adsorption heat generated in the adsorbent during adsorption and, after desorption, to cool the heated adsorbent in adsorption module 2 again so that the adsorbent AT THE in the adsorption module 2 after switching from the regeneration to the adsorption state, refrigerant again KM can accommodate.

Once that is on the adsorbent AT THE refrigerant located in adsorber module 2 KM is completely evaporated, the shut-off valve 15b in the connection line 14th closed. The cooling of the adsorbent AT THE in adsorber module 1 is maintained and the heating of the adsorbent AT THE ended in adsorber module 2. The one for the heating circuit 20th belonging shut-off valves 46c resp. 49d in the flow line 22a or 24b are closed and the shut-off valves belonging to the cooling 46d or. 49c brought from the closed position into the open position, so that in addition to cooling the adsorbent AT THE in adsorber module 1 also the adsorbent heated to desorption temperature AT THE is cooled in the adsorber module 2. The cooling is continued until the adsorbent AT THE has cooled down in the adsorber module 2 to such an extent that the adsorbent AT THE reaches its full loading capacity, for example at a temperature below 30 ° C.
The cooler 47 is designed as an air cooler in terms of performance so that the cooling of the adsorbent AT THE in adsorber module 1 during adsorption and additionally the cooling of the adsorbent AT THE can be carried out in the adsorber module 2 after the desorption.
It is of course also possible, without departing from the invention, to provide several adsorber modules, preferably three adsorber modules, each in the adsorption state,
Desorption state and can be switched to the cooling state.
The control of the shut-off valves 11a, 11b , 15a , 15b , 46a to 46d and 49a to 49d is done by the control unit 39 according to the information provided by the pressure and temperature sensors 40a and 40b determined operating values.

The 8th shows the arrangement of two by means of nozzles 62 on the horizontal container wall 63 of the vacuum evaporator 13 flanged adsorber modules 1 and 2 . Each of the adsorber modules 1 and 2 consists of two adsorption registers arranged one above the other 6th or. 7th . In the nozzle 62 are shut-off valves 64 or 65 and 66 or 67, respectively, so that the cost of the interconnection can be reduced.

The sequence of the method according to the invention is now shown. For this purpose, the 7a and 7b in connection with the 9a and 9b Reference, which is a section along the line BB in FIG 5 demonstrate.
The 7a shows the adsorber module 1 in the adsorption state and the adsorber module 2 in the desorption state. The connecting line 14, which via the supply line 16 to the capacitor 17th is through the shut-off valve 15a closed, but the shut-off valve 15b opened so that the connecting line 14th and the lead 16 to the capacitor 17th is open.
The shut-off valve 11a is open and the part of the connecting line leading to the steam distribution space 8b is open 12th is through the shut-off valve 11b closed so the in vacuum evaporator 13th any vapor of the refrigerant KM via the connection line 12th enters the steam distribution space 8a. This is where the method according to the invention comes into play. It can be seen that the vapor flow DS of the refrigerant changes during adsorption KM in the steam distribution space 8a on the inflow side through the flow channels opening into the steam distribution space 8a 30th and the one with the flow channels 30th laterally flow-connected flow transitions 31 in partial flows AS1 and AS2 so that the partial flow AS1 that in the flow channel 30th located adsorbents AT THE flows through vertically and the partial flow AS2 through the flow transitions 31 can flow vertically upwards without significant pressure loss. With its vertical upward flow, the partial flow AS2 divides into a sideways flow into the adsorbent AT THE flowing in part AS3 and a vertically upward flowing part AS4 , which arrives in the steam deflection and distribution space 9a and there as a result of the closed shut-off valve 15a is deflected, whereby this in the flow channels 30th located adsorbents AT THE is acted upon in a vertical downward flow. Due to the side flow of the adsorbent AT THE in the flow channels 30th the pressure loss when flowing through can be significantly reduced and the loading time significantly reduced.
This occurs in the flow channels during adsorption 30th of the adsorption register 6th located adsorbents AT THE by a cooling medium K cooled that the flow spaces 34 is fed. The cooling medium K passes through the shut-off valve 46b open upstream flow line 22b and line 22nd into the vertical distribution room 10a and from there into the flow spaces 34 . In a cross flow, the heat generated during adsorption is passed over that of the shut-off valve 49a open return line 24a, the discharge 44 , the buffer tank 48 and the pump 61 in the cooler 47 from.
The temperature of the heated cooling medium K is set before it enters the buffer tank 48 by a temperature sensor 41b detected and from this via the control line 38 to the control unit 39 transmitted, which controls the pump 61 to the delivery rate of cooling medium K set in the cooler.

The sequence of the method according to the invention during regeneration is described below in connection with 9b explained in more detail, whereby in 7a on desorbing and in 7b reference is made to cooling. The adsorbent AT THE in adsorber module 2 has the refrigerant KM adsorbed and is with refrigerant KM saturated. That part of the connecting line leading to the steam distribution chamber 8b of the adsorber module 2 on the inflow side 12th is from the shut-off valve 11b closed and the one to the capacitor 17th leading part of the connecting line 14 is from the shut-off valve 15b open. During regeneration, this happens in the flow channels 30th located adsorbents AT THE heated until the refrigerant KM from the adsorbent AT THE is completely desorbed. This is done by an external heating source 56 heated heating medium H , for example water, via the supply line 45 and the part of the flow line 22a opened by the shut-off valve 46c into the vertical distribution space 10b supplied with the flow spaces 34 is flow-connected.
The heating medium H transfers its heat in a cross-flow to the vertical flow channels 30th and the flow transitions 31 over the heating surface F. on the adsorbent AT THE until no refrigerant KM more in the adsorbent AT THE is available. Via the shut-off valve 49d The heating medium reaches the open part of the downstream return line 24b H in the derivation 55 to the heat source 56 in which it is reheated. When the adsorbent is heated up AT THE becomes the refrigerant KM as desorbate vapor from the adsorbent AT THE expelled.

From the 9b it can be seen that the adsorbed refrigerant KM when expelled into vaporous substreams RS1 , RS2 and RS 3 divides. The partial flow RS1 flows out of the in the flow channel 30th located adsorbent AT THE directed vertically upwards. From the partial flow RS1 a laterally directed partial flow RS 2 branches off, the sideways from the adsorbent AT THE flows out and in the flow transition 31 forms a vertically upwardly directed partial flow RS3, which arrives in the steam deflection and distribution space 9b and from there together with the inflowing part of the partial flow RS1 through the shut-off valve 15b open connection line 14th and the feed line 16 as desorbate vapor DD into the condenser 17th is discharged.
In the condenser 17th the desorbate vapor is liquefied, releasing heat of condensation, which is released to the outside as heat. The condensate is discharged through the condensate line 18th the vaporizer 13th supplied where it is evaporated and thereby to the one in the evaporator 13th the refrigerant KM Heat is extracted, increasing the temperature of the refrigerant KM drops to temperatures that can be used for cooling purposes.

1. 1. Es wird ein optimaler Wärmeübergang vom Kühl-/Heizmedium auf das in den Strömungskanälen befindliche Adsorptionsmittel durch die geringen Abstände der Kühl-/ Heizflächen zum Korn des Adsorptionsmittels erreicht.
2. 2. Bei der Adsorption gelangt das verdampfte Kältemittel ohne nennenswerten Druckverlust an das Adsorptionsmittel in den Strömungskanälen, wodurch eine schnelle und hohe Beladung gewährleistet ist.
3. 3. Die modifizierten Kreuzstrom-Plattenwärmeaustauscher haben gegenüber den bekannten Wärmeaustauschern einen deutlich reduzierten Anteil an aufzuheizenden oder abzukühlenden Material, sind somit kompakter und können modular aufgebaut werden.
4. 4. Die Betriebs- und Materialkosten können durch den optimalen Wärmeübergang und den geringeren Druckverlust deutlich reduziert werden.
5. 5. Das Adsorptionsmittel kann einfach als Schüttung in die Strömungskanäle eingebracht oder aus diesen wieder entfernt werden.
6. 6. Die Baugruppen der Adsorptionskältevorrichtung bestehen aus metallischen Werkstoffen, vorzugsweise Edelstahl, die dauerhaft gefügt, dicht und korrosionsbeständig sowie durch ihre äußere Zugänglichkeit montagefreundlich und wartungsfrei sind.
7. 7. Der optimale Wärmeübergang, die geringen Druckverluste und die geringe Masse der Adsorptionsregister ermöglichen eine freie Skalierbarkeit in Länge, Breite und Höhe sowie der Leistungsparameter von kleineren bis zu großen Leistungsgrößen, beispielsweise zwischen 30 kW bis über 1000 kW.

The invention shows a number of advantages over the prior art:

1. 1. An optimal heat transfer from the cooling / heating medium to the adsorbent located in the flow channels is achieved through the small distances between the cooling / heating surfaces and the grain of the adsorbent.
2. 2. During adsorption, the evaporated refrigerant reaches the adsorbent in the flow channels without any significant loss of pressure, which ensures rapid and high loading.
3. 3. The modified cross-flow plate heat exchangers have a significantly reduced proportion of material to be heated or cooled compared to the known heat exchangers, and are therefore more compact and can be of modular construction.
4. 4. The operating and material costs can be significantly reduced through the optimal heat transfer and the lower pressure loss.
5. 5. The adsorbent can simply be introduced into the flow channels as a bed or removed from them again.
6. 6. The assemblies of the adsorption refrigeration device consist of metallic materials, preferably stainless steel, which are permanently joined, leak-proof and corrosion-resistant and, thanks to their external accessibility, are easy to assemble and maintenance-free.
7. 7. The optimal heat transfer, the low pressure loss and the low mass of the adsorption register allow free scalability in length, width and height as well as the performance parameters from small to large output sizes, for example between 30 kW to over 1000 kW.

List of reference symbols

Adsorber modules

1, 2

Housing of 1, 2

3

Housing jacket from 1, 2

3a

Cross-flow plate heat exchanger

4, 5

Unit

4a, 5a

Adsorption register

6, 7

Upstream steam distribution space

8.8a, 8b

Downstream steam deflection and distribution space

9,9a, 9b

Peripheral distribution space for the cooling and heating medium

10, 10a, 10b

Shut-off valve

11a, 11b

Connecting line

12th

Vacuum evaporator

13th

Connecting line

14th

Shut-off valves in 14

15a, 15b

Supply line for desorbate vapor

16

capacitor

17th

Condensate line

18th

Cooling circuit

19th

Heating circuit

20th

Cold water drainage

21

Supply line

22,22a, 22b

Return line

24,24a, 24b

Profile sheet

25th

Profile sheet pair

26th

Layers from 26

26a, 26b

Half-round / wave-shaped profile

27

Ridges, wave troughs from 27

28

Spacer structure / spacers

29

Vertical flow channels

30th

Flow transition between the flow channels

31

Flow screens

32

Flow guide and spacer plate

33

Spacer profile from 33

33a

Flow spaces

34

Connection line to 13

35

Cathedral from 13

36

Pressure and temperature sensor in 35

37

Control line

38

Control unit

39

Pressure and temperature sensor for 8a, 8b

40a

Pressure and temperature sensor for 9a, 9b

40b

Temperature sensor in 16

41a

Temperature sensor in 44

41b

Temperature sensor in 18

41c

Temperature sensor for refrigerant supply

41d

Temperature sensor in 50

41e

Temperature sensor in 21

41f

Pressure sensor in 18

42

Valve in 18

43

Discharge for the heated cooling medium K

44

Supply line for the heated heating medium H ^

45

Shut-off valves

46a, 46b, 46c, 46d

cooler

47

Buffer tank for heated cooling medium K

48

Shut-off valves

49a, 49b, 49c, 49d

Feed line from 47 for the cooled cooling medium K

50

Storage tank for cooling medium K

51

pump

52

Delivery line to 13

53

Pressure sensor in 53

54

Discharge for the cooled heating medium to 56

55

Heating source

56

Refrigerant / cold water supply

57

Vaporizer container 13

58

Heat exchanger

59

Droplet eliminator

60

Support

62

Container wall from 13

63

Shut-off valves

64,65,66,67

Gap between WB in 33

68

Inflow-side floor in 4a, 5a

69

Molded parts from 69

69.1-69.n

Downstream bottom of 4a, 5a

70

Molded parts from 70

70.1-70.n

Headboard of 1, 2

71

Wall of 3a

72

Foot part of 1, 2

73

Distance between ridges / wave troughs 28

A.

Adsorbent

AT THE

Desorbate vapor

DD

Vapor flow of the refrigerant

DS

Partial flows of DS during adsorption

AS1, AS2, AS3 AS4

Cooling / heating surface

F.

Heating medium

H

Cooling medium

K

Length of the profile sheet

L.

Lengthways from 25

LR

Refrigerant

KM

Partial flows during regeneration

RS1, RS2, RS3

Flow paths

SF

Offset from 26

V

Wave mountain

WB

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• DE 2801895 [0003]
• DE 3808653 C2 [0003]
• DE 3049889 A1 [0003, 0005]
• DE 3638706 [0003]
• DE 102006011409 B4 [0003, 0008]
• WO 2015/007274 A1 [0003]
• DE 2801895 A1 [0004]
• DE 3638706 A1 [0006]
• DE 3808653 C3 [0007]
• WO 2015/104719 A2 [0010]
• DD 55046 A1 [0011, 0012]
• DE 1601215 [0011, 0013]
• DE 19644938 A1 [0011]
• DE 19944426 C2 [0011, 0016]
• DE 102015214374 A1 [0011, 0017]
• DE 3710823 C2 [0014]
• DE 19644928 A1 [0015]

Claims (32)

Adsorption refrigeration device for generating cold from heat with at least one adsorber module (1) operated under vacuum in adsorption and / or regeneration mode, comprising a) a housing (3) which contains at least one heat exchanger functioning as an adsorber / desorber, which consists of at least one Adsorption register (6) composed, which vertical flow channels (30) for the passage of a vaporous refrigerant (KM), the flow channels (30) of cooling or heating medium (K, H) guided in cross-flow in at least one flow space (34) to indirect cooling or heating, b) an evaporator (13) for evaporating the refrigerant (KM), c) a condenser (17) for condensing the vaporous refrigerant (KM), d) an adsorbent (AM) for adsorbing or desorbing of the refrigerant (KM), e) a cooling circuit (19) with a cooler (47) for cooling the adsorbent (AM) during adsorption and a heating circuit (20) for heating n of the adsorbent (KM) saturated with refrigerant (KM) during the regeneration, f) a control unit (39) that controls the adsorber module (1), the evaporator (13), the condenser (17) and the cooling and heating circuit (19, 20) switches from adsorption to regeneration mode or vice versa, characterized in that the heat exchanger is designed as a modified cross-flow plate heat exchanger (4, 5) which comprises at least one pair of profiled sheets (26), which is formed by webs or wave troughs (28) connected, mirror-inverted profiles (27) having profiled sheets (25) are formed, which enclose flow channels (30) which run vertically with one another and are filled with adsorbent (AM) and which are arranged horizontally with one another through flow transitions (31) arranged in the webs / wave troughs (28) Flow direction are connected, and that the adsorption register (6) on the inflow side a vapor distribution chamber (8) assigned to the evaporator (13) and on the outflow side egg NEN has the condenser (17) assigned steam deflection and distribution space (9) into which the flow channels (30) and flow transitions (31) open and are open at their ends, the steam distribution space (8) with the Steam deflection and distribution space (9) is directly flow-connected via the flow channels (30) and flow transitions (31), so that the evaporated refrigerant (KM) when loading the adsorbent (AM) located in flow channels (30) both vertically upwards, flows through horizontally sideways as well as vertically downwards, and that all flow channels (30) of the adsorption register (6) from a distribution space (10) for the supply and removal of the cooling or heating medium (K, H) guided in cross flow in flow spaces (34) is enclosed. Adsorbent refrigeration device according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the profile (27) has a semicircular, semi-oval, triangular, trapezoidal or square-open shape, so that the flow channels (30) formed when the profile sheets (25) are arranged one above the other are tubular, wave-like, oval rhombic , rectangular or polygonal cross-section. Adsorption refrigeration device according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the webs or wave troughs (28) of the profiles (27) of the two profile sheets (25) are held at a defined vertical distance (A) from one another by a spacer structure or by spacers (29), the distance ( A) is smaller than the smallest grain size of the adsorbent and the distance (A) is 0.1 to 3.0 mm. Adsorption refrigeration device according to Claim 3 , characterized in that the spacer structure / spacers (29) offset from one another in the longitudinal direction (LR) of the profiled sheets (25) are molded, molded or arranged in the webs / wave troughs (28). Adsorption refrigeration device according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the flow channels (30) on the inflow and outflow side are provided with a sieve (32) through which the vaporous refrigerant (KM) can flow and the mesh size of which is smaller than the smallest grain size of the adsorbent (AM). Adsorption refrigeration device according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the adsorbent (AM) has a grain size which is adapted to the dimensions, the cross section and the shape of the flow channels (30) in such a way that the grains of the adsorbent (AM) are at a small distance from the cooling / heating surface ( F) of the flow channel (30) for short diffusion paths and high heat conduction. Adsorption refrigeration device according to Claim 1 , characterized in that several pairs of profiled sheet metal (26) with their flow channels (30) and flow transitions (31) are arranged in superimposed, spaced-apart layers (26a, 26b), wherein the flow channels (30) of the lower layer (26b) the webs or The wave troughs (28) of the upper layer (26a) are assigned and the layers (26a and 26b) lying one above the other form the flow spaces (34) for the cooling or heating medium (K, H) between them. Adsorbent refrigeration device according to Claim 7 , characterized in that the superimposed profile plate pairs (26) are separated and spaced apart by a wave-shaped flow guide and spacer plate (33) with wave crests (WB), the wave crests (WB) of the flow guide and spacer plate (33) each corresponding to the web / Corrugation trough (28) of the pair of profiled sheets (26) arranged above or below are assigned. Adsorption refrigeration device according to Claim 8 , characterized in that the flow guide and spacer plate (33) comprises a thin corrugated sheet with spacer profiles (33a) which are formed in the wave crests (WB) and exceed the height of the wave crests (WB) and which are spaced from wave crest to wave crest in a gap (68). are arranged offset, the spacer profiles (33a) engaging in a supporting manner in the offset (V) formed by the webs (28) of the profiled sheet metal pairs (26) lying one above the other and the respective spacer profile (33a) at each end with a material fit on the associated profiled sheet metal pair (26) is fixed. Adsorption refrigeration device according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the cross-flow plate heat exchanger (6) forms a rectangular structural unit (4a, 5a) which is arranged in the interior of a rectangular or cylindrical housing (3), the steam distribution space (8) as a foot part (73) , the steam deflection and distribution space (9) is designed as a head part (71) and the distribution space (10) for the cooling or heating medium (K, H) encloses all flow spaces (34) open to flow. Adsorption refrigeration device according to Claim 10 , characterized in that the structural unit (4a, 5a) has an inflow-side base (69) and an outflow-side base (70), the bases (69, 70) each consisting of a single molded part or of several to the contour of the profile sheet pairs (26 ) there are adapted molded parts (69.1-69.n, 70.1-70.n) that are firmly connected to one another and to the profile sheet metal pairs (26). Adsorption refrigeration device according to Claim 1 , characterized in that several adsorption registers (6,7) of an adsorption module (1) are arranged vertically one above the other and that each adsorption register (6,7) on the inflow side the steam distribution space (8) and on the outflow side the steam deflection and distribution space (9) wherein the steam deflection and distribution space (9) of the adsorption register (6) arranged below the upper adsorption register (7) are fluidically connected to the steam distribution space (8) of the adsorption register (7) arranged above the lower adsorption register (6). Adsorption refrigeration device according to Claim 1 , characterized in that at least two interconnected adsorber modules (1,2) are provided, of which the first adsorber module (1) is switched in adsorption mode and the second adsorber module (2) in regeneration mode or vice versa, the adsorber module (1) having a steam Distribution area (8a), a steam deflection and distribution area (9a) and a peripheral distribution area (10a) and the adsorber module (2) has a steam distribution area (8b), a steam deflection and distribution area (9b) and has a peripheral distribution space (10b), the distribution spaces (10a, 10b) for the heating and cooling medium (K, H) being connected to one another in a flow-related manner. Adsorption refrigeration device according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the adsorber module (1,2) is self-sufficient and separate and several of these self-sufficient and separate adsorber modules (1,2) are interconnected. Adsorption refrigeration device according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the vacuum evaporator (13) is provided with a droplet separator (60), heat exchanger (59) and a vacuum pump, the vacuum evaporator (13) with the steam distribution chamber (8a, 8b) at the bottom is in flow connection with the flow channels (30) and flow transitions (31) of the adsorption register (6,7) of the adsorber modules (1,2) via connecting lines (12,35) and a shut-off valve (11a, 11b). Adsorption refrigeration device according to Claim 13 , characterized in that the vapor distribution spaces (8a / 8b) of the adsorption modules (1,2) on the inflow side via nozzles (62) on a container wall (63) of the evaporator (13) and the vapor deflection and distribution spaces (9a / 9b) are flanged on the outflow side via nozzles (62) to the wall of the condenser (17), the respective shut-off valves (64,65,66,67) in the nozzle (62) for opening and shutting off the vacuum evaporator (13) or condenser ( 17) are arranged. Adsorption refrigeration device according to Claim 13 , characterized in that the condenser (17) is flow-connected via a supply line (16) and a connecting line (14) which connects the steam deflection and distribution spaces (9a, 9b) to one another and which is one of the steam deflection and distribution spaces (9a) has associated shut-off valve (15a) and a shut-off valve (15b) assigned to the steam deflection and distribution space (9b), and the condenser (17) is discharged through a condensate line (18) provided with a pressure-controlled valve (43) of the condensate is connected to the vacuum evaporator (13). Adsorption refrigeration device according to Claim 13 , characterized in that a supply line (22) for the cooling and heating circuit (19, 20), which integrates the distribution spaces (10a or 10b) on the inflow side, branches into two supply lines (22a, 22b) arranged in parallel, one with the cooler (47) connected supply line (50) for the cooled cooling medium (K) in which a flow line (22b) and a supply line (45) for the heated heating medium (H) in the other flow line (22a) and the flow lines (22a, 22b ) in the flow direction after the branching are provided with shut-off valves (46a or 46b and 46c or 46d), which are each provided in the flow direction before the supply line (50) for the cooled cooling medium (K) is integrated in the flow line (22b) and before the Supply line (45) for the heated heating medium (H) are arranged in the other flow line (22a). Adsorption refrigeration device according to Claim 13 , characterized in that a return line (24) for the cooling and heating circuit (19, 20) exiting on the outflow side of the distribution spaces (10a or 10b) branches into two return lines (24a, 24b) arranged in parallel, the return line (24a ) is fluidly connected to the cooler (47) through a discharge line (44) via a buffer tank (48) for the heated cooling medium (K) and a pump (61) and the return line (24b) through a discharge line (55) for the cooled heating medium (H) is connected to a heating source (56), and that the return lines (24a, 24b) in the flow direction after the branching are provided with shut-off valves (49a, 49b, 49c and 49d), which are each provided in the flow direction before the connection of the discharge line (44) for the heated cooling medium (K) are arranged in the return line (24a) and before the connection of the discharge line (55) for the cooled heating medium (H) in the other return line (24b). Adsorption refrigeration device according to Claim 19 , characterized in that waste heat is used as the heating source (56), which preferably arises from compressors, compressors, solar thermal baths, electrolysis, BMKW or other industrial processes. Adsorption refrigeration device according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the adsorbent is a silica gel, aluminum oxide gel, molecular sieve or activated carbon bulk or a mixture thereof. Adsorption refrigeration device according to Claim 13 , characterized in that the steam distribution spaces (8a, 8b), the steam deflection and distribution spaces (9a, 9b) are provided with pressure and temperature sensors (40a, 40b) and the feed line (16) to the condenser (17 ), the supply line (50) for the cooled coolant, the discharge line (44) for the heated coolant, the refrigerant supply (57) and the cold water discharge line (21) each have a temperature sensor (41a, 41e, 41b, 41d, 41f), the condensate line (18) a temperature and pressure sensor (41c, 42) and a pressure-regulated valve (43), the delivery line (53) to the vacuum evaporator (13) and the connecting line (12, 35) from the vacuum evaporator (13) a pressure sensor (54,37). Adsorption refrigeration device according to Claim 13 , characterized in that the control unit (38) with the shut-off valves (11a, 11b, 15a, 15b, 46a, 46b, 46c, 46d, 49a, 49b, 49c, 49d), the pressure and temperature sensors (40a, 40b), the temperature sensors (41a, 41b, 41c, 41d, 41e, 41f), the pressure sensor (42), the jerk-controlled valve (43) and the pumps (52, 61) for transmitting the control commands for opening and closing the shut-off valves is electrically connected. Adsorption refrigeration device according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the refrigerant (KM) is water or a water-alcohol mixture. Adsorption refrigeration device according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the cooling or heating medium (K, H) is water or water mixed with stabilizers, preferably glycol, corrosion inhibitors or biocides. Adsorption refrigeration device according to Claim 1 or 13th , characterized in that the cooling capacity of the device is freely scalable in length, width and height through the number of adsorption modules (1,2) and adsorption registers (6,7), with preferably several adsorption registers (6,7) being arranged one above the other. Adsorption refrigeration device according to Claim 1 or 13th , characterized in that the adsorption module (1,2) consists of metallic materials, preferably stainless steel. Method for generating adsorption cold from heat with a device according to Claim 1 or 13th , in which an adsorbent (AM) in at least one adsorber module (1,2) placed under vacuum is flowed through by a refrigerant (KM) evaporated in a vacuum evaporator (13) until the adsorbent (AM) is saturated with refrigerant (KM) The adsorbent heats up and at the same time is cooled by a cooling medium (K) led in cross flow to the evaporated refrigerant (KM), then the adsorbent saturated with refrigerant (AM) in the adsorber module (1,2) is regenerated by the saturated adsorbent (AM) is heated by a heating medium (H) until the refrigerant (KM) is desorbed, the refrigerant desorbate is fed to a condenser (17), liquefied and the condensate is returned to the vacuum evaporator (13), and a control unit (39) depending on the adsorbent load, the adsorber module (1,2) switches from the adsorption to the regeneration state or vice versa, the adsorbent (AM) heated during the regeneration being cooled before the switch, characterized in that the steam flow during adsorption (DS) of the refrigerant (KM) through flow channels (30) and flow transitions (31) of a modified cross-flow plate heat exchanger (4.5) in partial flows that open into a vapor distribution space (8, 8a, 8b) of the adsorption register (6, 7) (AS1, AS2, AS3) is fanned out so that the partial flow (AS1) flows vertically through the adsorbent (AM) located in the flow channels (30), the partial flow (AS2) flows through the flow transitions (31 ) branches in its vertical upward flow into partial flows (AS3) and (AS4), the partial flow (AS3) flowing sideways into and out of the adsorbent (AM) and the partial flow rom (AS4) after deflection in a steam deflection and distribution space (9a, 9b), the adsorbent (AM) in the flow channels (30) is applied in a vertical downward direction, so that the vapor of the refrigerant (KM) on the adsorbent ( AM) evenly distributed, and that during the regeneration the desorbing refrigerant (KM) from the adsorbent (AM) is fanned out into vaporous partial flows (RS1, RS2, RS3) in such a way that the partial flow (RS1) from the adsorbent (AM) is vertical Direction, whereby a horizontal partial flow (RS2) branches off from the partial flow (RS1) as it flows out, which flows sideways out of the adsorbent (AM) and forms a vertical partial flow (RS3) which enters the steam deflection and distribution space ( 9, 9a, 9b). A. Procedure according to Claim 28 , characterized in that the flow transitions (31) are set to a distance (A) which is smaller than the smallest grain size of the adsorbent, the distance being 0.1 to 3.0 mm. Procedure according to Claim 28 , characterized in that the adsorbent (AM) used is silica gel, aluminum oxide gel, molecular sieves or activated carbon or mixtures thereof. Procedure according to Claim 28 , characterized in that water or a water-alcohol mixture is used as the refrigerant (KM). Procedure according to Claim 28 , characterized in that the cooling or heating medium (K, H) used is water or water mixed with stabilizers, preferably glycol, corrosion inhibitors or biocides.

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