DE102020005450A1 - Combine harvester and working methods therefor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a working method for a combine harvester (1), comprising the steps: - providing a container device (27) for seed (32), a seed discharge device (28), a container device (29) for liquid fertilizer (34) and a fertilizer dispensing device (30 ) on the combine harvester (1), furthermore- carrying out the steps during a single trip:- cutting crops by means of a cutter (2),- sowing the seed (32) by means of the seed discharge device (28),- wetting the chopped material (31) and/or the sown seed (32) with liquid fertilizer (34) by means of the fertilizer dispensing device (30),- distributing the chopped material (31) by means of a distributor (7) on the sown seed (32).

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a working method for combine harvesters and a combine harvester.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Various combine harvesters and associated working methods are well known in the prior art. The combine harvester usually performs several operations that used to be carried out one after the other and, in particular, manually. In particular, the cutting of field crops, such as cereals such as wheat, rye, oats, corn and rapeseed, the separation of chaff and crops in the form of grain and the subsequent chopping and subsequent distribution of the chopped crops are part of the usual known work steps when using these machines.

After the combine harvester has been used, the roots of the harvested crops that have been cut off are usually plowed under together with any chopped material that may still be lying on top. In any case, a more or less complex tillage and thus manual intervention in the arable soil takes place, which later dehydrates and also wind erosion of the upper or lower top layer of soil, since the soil is uncovered until the next seed germinates.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is therefore an object of the invention to specify a method that helps to reduce or even completely avoid the aforementioned disadvantages.

• - Bereitstellen einer Behältereinrichtung für Saatgut, einer Saatgutaustragsvorrichtung, einer Behältereinrichtung für Flüssigdünger und einer Düngerausgabeeinrichtung an dem Mähdrescher, ferner
• - Durchführung während einer einzigen Fahrt die Schritte:
  • - Schneiden von Feldfrüchten mittels eines Schneidwerks,
  • - Aussähen des Saatguts mittels der Saatgutaustragsvorrichtung,
  • - Benetzen von Häckselgut und/oder des ausgesäten Saatguts mit Flüssigdünger mittels der Düngerausgabeeinrichtung,
  • - Verteilen des Häckselguts mittels eines Verteilers auf dem ausgesäten Saatgut.

In a first aspect, a working method for a combine harvester is therefore proposed, having the steps:

• - providing a container device for seeds, a seed discharge device, a container device for liquid fertilizer and a fertilizer dispenser on the combine harvester, further
• - Perform the steps during a single ride:
  • - cutting of crops by means of a header,
  • - Sowing the seed using the seed discharge device,
  • - Wetting the chopped material and/or the sown seed with liquid fertilizer using the fertilizer dispensing device,
  • - Distribution of the chopped material by means of a distributor on the sown seed.

Due to the particularly immediately consecutive work steps of cutting/harvesting and sowing and, above all, the subsequent covering with previously fertilized chopped material, not only is drying out of the soil minimized or prevented, but also complex tillage is avoided. Surprisingly, it has been shown that the new seed covered with fertilized chopped material can show particularly growth behavior compared to known working methods, since the fertilized chopped material creates a microclimate that is particularly suitable for the seed lying freely underneath. The lack of tillage also surprisingly increases the water retention capacity of the upper layers of the soil and affects soil life less or no longer in a disruptive manner.

The container device for liquid fertilizer and the container device for seed can be separated from one another by a partition and can be present as a single container in order to simplify filling and transport with or from seed and liquid fertilizer and to save material for the container.

In a further development, the seed can be sown immediately behind the cutterbar or, in a further aspect, only under the distributor.

In one aspect, it is provided that the seed discharge device distributes the seed over the entire width of the cutterbar of the combine harvester on the farmland in order to use the available soil optimally. The seed discharge device can be in any suitable form known to those skilled in the art and can be done in a simple case by means of a blower. Alternatively, the seed can be transported to the desired application site by means of screw conveyors, conveyor belts or the like. In principle, the distributor for the chopped material placed at the rear end is also suitable as a seed discharge device.

In an advantageous development of the invention, the aforementioned container device for liquid fertilizer has an interface for connection to the fertilizer dispensing device in order to be able to carry out a simple separation during field work. In a further aspect, provision can be made for an exchange container filled with liquid fertilizer to be kept on site, i.e. during the harvest, and to be exchanged for the container emptied during the harvest.

It goes without saying that the concept of liquid fertilizer is to be interpreted broadly within the scope of the invention. The nature of the liquid fertilizer can be described as fermented molasses, which may, for example and advantageously, contain cultures of bacteria, particularly soil bacteria from the family Rhizobiaceae, such as nodule bacteria. If the liquid fertilizer has such bacterial cultures, the root growth of plants growing from the seed can be improved, the nutrient efficiency can be increased and the plant health of these plants can be strengthened.

• - eine Behältereinrichtung für Saatgut,
• - eine mit der Behältereinrichtung verbundene Saatgutaustragsvorrichtung,
• - einer Behältereinrichtung für Flüssigdünger und
• - einer mit der Behältereinrichtung für Flüssigdünger verbundene Düngerausgabeeinrichtung, wobei die Saatgutaustragsvorrichtung zur Aussaat des Saatguts während der Fahrt des Mähdreschers und während des Drusches geeignet ist, wobei die Düngerausgabeeinrichtung geeignet ist, das von dem Mähdrescher erzeugte Häckselgut vor dem Verteilen auf dem ausgesäten Saatgut mit Flüssigdünger zu benetzen.

In a further aspect, a combine harvester is proposed, comprising

• - a container device for seeds,
• - a seed discharge device connected to the container device,
• - a container device for liquid fertilizer and
• - A fertilizer dispensing device connected to the container device for liquid fertilizer, the seed discharge device being suitable for sowing the seed while the combine harvester is in motion and during threshing, the fertilizer dispensing device being suitable for supplying liquid fertilizer to the chopped material produced by the combine harvester before it is distributed on the sown seed to wet.

In one aspect, the seed discharge device is arranged behind a header of the combine harvester, and the seed is discharged from the seed discharge device over a width corresponding to the header width in order to optimize land use for sowing.

In one aspect, the seed discharge device can also be arranged in front of the cutting mechanism of the combine harvester and the seed is discharged from the seed discharge device over a width corresponding to the width of the cutting mechanism.

In a further development, the fertilizer dispensing device can be arranged above the distributor in order to reduce or completely eliminate sticking and wetting of components of the combine harvester.

A further and independent idea of the invention can be considered to provide a device with which nitrogen and/or carbon and/or a bacterial culture is inoculated into mown straw or the straw is wetted with a liquid, thereby causing seed growth can be accelerated or slowed down. The straw should be split up so that the liquids and bacterial cultures can be better absorbed. Therefore, after mowing, the straw is treated and the seed is sown and the straw is placed on top of the seed. With dew, water can collect and the seeds can germinate. By applying the straw, the water is also held better in the soil, which enables soil cultivation that is more climate change-friendly.

The individual features can, of course, also be combined with one another, which in some cases can also result in beneficial effects that go beyond the sum of the individual effects.

character list

• 1 bis 6 verschiedene Ausführungen von Mähdreschern mit verschiedenen Anordnungen von Behältnissen für Saatgut und Flüssigdünger sowie zugehörige Saatgutaustragsvorrichtungen bzw. Düngerausgabeeinrichtungen;
• 7 eine Darstellung bekannter Bodensituationen vor und nach der Ernte;
• 8 eine Darstellung einer Bodensituation gemäß der Erfindung vor und nach der Ernte.

Further details and advantages of the invention are illustrated by the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the drawings. Show it

• 1 until 6 various designs of combine harvesters with various arrangements of containers for seed and liquid fertilizer and associated seed discharge devices or fertilizer dispensing devices;
• 7 a representation of known soil situations before and after harvest;
• 8th a representation of a soil situation according to the invention before and after harvest.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION EXEMPLARY

EMBODIMENTS

The representation in the 1 until 6 each show an example of a longitudinal sectional view of a combine harvester 1. In its front area, the combine harvester 1 carries a usually height-adjustable cutting unit 2, which harvests grown crop 8 over a large width and brings it together in the lateral direction and transfers it to an inclined conveyor element 9.

The harvested crop 8 reaches the threshing elements 3 in a manner known per se via the inclined conveyor element 9 , each of which comprises a threshing drum 10 , a turning drum 16 arranged downstream of this, and a threshing concave 11 . Through openings of the threshing concave 11 , a crop stream consisting essentially of a mixture of grains, short straw and chaff is separated from the crop 8 and falls onto a preparation floor 12 . By shaking movements of the oscillating driven preparation floor 12 is the harvested crop is then conveyed backwards in the direction of a cleaning device 4 .

The part of the crop flow that has not passed through the concave 11 is conveyed on via the turning drum 16 to a separating device designed as an axial rotor 17 , which extends in the longitudinal direction of the combine harvester 1 . The lower area of the axial rotor 17 is surrounded by a semi-cylindrical sieve 19, through which a crop flow consisting essentially of a mixture of grains and ear fragments is separated and reaches a return pan 21 arranged below the sieve 19 of the axial rotor 17.

Harvested crop, essentially straw, which is ejected at the rear end 24 of the axial rotor 17, reaches a distributor 7 at the rear of the combine harvester 1, where it is chopped up by a chopper 26 and finally spread on the ground of a field.

On the vibrating return floor 21, the crop released through the sieve 19 is conveyed forward in the direction of the threshing elements 3 and transferred to the cleaning device 4, where the crop flow of the return floor 21 combines with the crop flow that has passed through the threshing basket 11 and comes from the preparation floor 12 is delivered to the cleaning device 4.

In the examples shown, the cleaning device 4 comprises an upper sieve 14, a lower sieve 15 and a cleaning fan 13, which generates an air flow passing through and over the sieves 14, 15. The grain contained in the crop streams coming from the preparation floor 12 or from the return floor 21 successively passes through the upper sieve 14 and the lower sieve 15 and via a floor 18 below it reaches a screw conveyor 22 and a grain elevator 23, which transports it to a grain tank located behind the driver's cab 6 5 promotes.

Portions of the crop flow that are lighter than the grain fall from the grain pan 12 onto the upper sieve 14, from the upper sieve 14 onto the lower sieve 15 or from the lower sieve 15 onto the floor 18 and are caught by the air flow of the cleaning fan 13 and carried away, reaching the distributor 7 and are eliminated via this. Heavy, coarser portions of the crop flow, such as unthreshed ears of corn, reach a tailings at the rear end of the screens 14, 15 in a ditch running transversely below the screens 14, 15. An auger 20 rotating in the ditch clears the material sideways to a tailings elevator 25, which conveys it back to the threshing units 3.

the 1 until 6 also show
a container device 27 for in the 8th Seed 32 shown in the form of wheat grains, a seed discharge device connected to the container device 28, a container device 29 for liquid fertilizer and
a fertilizer dispensing device 30 connected to the container device 29 for liquid fertilizer, wherein the
seed discharge device 28 is suitable for sowing the seed while the combine harvester is in motion and during threshing,
wherein the manure dispenser 30 is suitable, the produced by the combine harvester, in which 7 and 8th to wet the chopped material shown 31 in front of the distributor on the sown seed 32 with liquid fertilizer.

the 7 shows crops 33 before the harvest in the left half of the picture and the so-called stubble and chopped material 31 remaining after the harvest in the right half of the picture.

the 8th also shows field crops 33 before the harvest in the left half of the picture and the so-called stubble and chopped material 31 remaining after the harvest in the right half of the picture. Seed 32 is also shown that was laid out under the chopped material 31 on the field according to the working method described above for sowing . The chopped material is wetted by a droplet or aerosol application of liquid fertilizer 34, shown here as a circle, which can contain various bacterial cultures that improve the soil quality.

It is noted that the term "comprising" does not exclude other elements or steps, just as the terms "a" and "an" do not exclude multiple elements and steps.

The reference numbers used are for convenience only and should not be taken as limiting in any way, the scope of the invention being indicated by the claims.

Reference List

1

Harvester

2

header

3

threshing organ

4

cleaning device

5

grain tank

6

driver's cabin

7

distributor

8th

crop

9

inclined conveyor

10

threshing drum

11

concave

12

preparation floor

13

cleaning fan

14

top sieve

15

under sieve

16

turning drum

17

axial rotor

18

floor

19

Sieve

20

slug

21

Return tray 21 arrives.

22

screw device

23

grain elevator

25

returns elevator

26

chopper

27

container facility

28

seed discharge device

29

container facility

30

fertilizer dispenser

31

chaff

32

seed

33

crops

34

liquid fertilizer

Claims (10)

Working method for a combine harvester (1), comprising the steps: - providing a container device (27) for seeds (32), a seed discharge device (28), a container device (29) for liquid fertilizer (34) and a fertilizer dispenser (30) on the combine harvester (1), further -Carry out the steps during a single ride: - cutting crops using a cutter (2), - Sowing the seed (32) by means of the seed discharge device (28), - Wetting the chopped material (31) and/or the sown seed (32) with liquid fertilizer (34) using the fertilizer dispensing device (30), - Distributing the chopped material (31) by means of a distributor (7) on the sown seed (32). working procedures claim 1 , wherein the container device (29) for liquid fertilizer (34) and the container device (27) for seeds (32) are separated from one another by a partition wall and are present as a single container. working procedure, after claim 1 or 2 , wherein the seed (32) is sown immediately behind the cutter (2) or under the distributor (7). Working method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the container device (29) for liquid fertilizer (34) has an interface for connection to the fertilizer dispensing device (30). A method of operation according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the liquid fertilizer (34) includes cultures of bacteria to enhance root growth of plants grown from seed, increase nutrient efficiency and enhance plant health of those plants. Working method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the bacterial cultures contain soil-dwelling bacterial strains, in particular nodular bacteria. Combine harvester (1), comprising - a container device (27) for seed (32), - a seed discharge device (28) connected to the container device, - A container device (29) for liquid fertilizer (34) and - A fertilizer dispensing device (30) connected to the container device for liquid fertilizer, wherein the seed discharge device is suitable for sowing the seed while the combine harvester (1) is in motion and during threshing, wherein the fertilizer dispensing device is suitable for wetting the chopped material (31) produced by the combine harvester in front of the distributor on the sown seed with liquid fertilizer. Combine harvester (1) after claim 7 , wherein the seed discharge device is arranged behind a cutting mechanism of the combine harvester and wherein the seed is discharged from the seed discharge device over a width corresponding to the width of the cutting mechanism. Combine harvester (1) after claim 7 , wherein the seed discharge device is arranged in front of a cutting unit of the combine harvester and wherein the seed from the seed discharge device over a width corresponding to the width of the cutterbar is applied. Combine harvester (1) according to one of Claims 7 until 9 wherein the manure dispenser (30) is located above the distributor (7).

Images