DE102020004681A1 - Air defense system, support missile and method for guiding a combat missile - Google Patents

Abstract

An air defense system comprises an unmanned combat missile for combating a flying target and an unmanned support missile with a first sensor system for acquiring position data of the flying target and a communication module which has a sensor interface connected to the sensor system, a processor device connected to the sensor interface and a processor device connected to the Has processor device connected output interface. The processor device is set up to determine flight control data for guiding the combat missile at least partially based on the position data of the flying target detected by the sensor system and to output it to the output interface, the output interface being set up to send the flight control data to the combat missile.

Description

The present invention relates to an air defense system, e.g. B. for ground-based air defense, a support missile for an air defense system and a method for directing a combat missile.

In a system for combating flying targets such. B. ballistic missiles, a combat or defense missile is typically guided, either to the target or in a hand-over range in which it can detect the target using its own sensors. The flight control data required to steer the combat missile are usually generated from target position data recorded by a fire control radar and sent directly to the combat missile by means of a data transmission device, which is usually referred to as an uplink.

the U.S. 5,340,056 A describes a defense system for countering ballistic missiles with a plurality of unmanned carrier aircraft, each carrying a number of combat missiles and circling over a predetermined area, and an airborne relay station which is in communication with both the carrier aircraft and a ground station.

Air defense systems are typically closed systems in which the components fire control radar, data transmission device and combat missile are coordinated with one another. In order to increase the accuracy of the guidance of the combat missile, a high update rate is desirable, ie a timing with which position data can be recorded by the fire control radar and sent by the data transmission device. The higher the agility or maneuverability of the target to be combated in comparison to the agility or maneuverability of the combat missile, the greater the demands on the instruction of the combat missile.

It is the object of the present invention to provide improved solutions for air defense, in particular solutions which facilitate the familiarization of a combat missile.

This object is solved in each case by the subject matter of the independent claims.

According to a first aspect of the invention, an air defense system, also referred to as an anti-aircraft system, is provided. The system includes an unmanned combat missile for combating a flying target, which z. B. can be equipped with a warhead, and an unmanned, preferably unarmed support missile with a first sensor system for detecting position data of the airborne target and a communication module. The communication module has a sensor interface connected to the sensor system, a processor device connected to the sensor interface, and an output interface connected to the processor device. The processor device is set up to generate flight control data for guiding the combat missile at least partially based on the position data of the flying target detected by the sensor system and to output it to the output interface. The output interface is set up to send the flight control data to the combat missile. The flight control data can contain, for example, a current position of the target or a predicted point of collision. Optionally, a presumed position of the combat missile can also be contained in the flight control data.

According to a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a support missile for an air defense system, e.g. B. for a system according to the first aspect of the invention. The support missile includes a sensor system that is set up to acquire position data of a flying target, and a communication module that has a sensor interface connected to the sensor system, a processor device connected to the sensor interface, and an output interface connected to the processor device. The processor device is set up to generate flight control data for guiding a combat missile to attack the target at least partially based on the position data of the flying target detected by the sensor system, and the output interface is set up to send the flight control data to the combat missile.

• - Starten des Bekämpfungsflugkörpers und eines Unterstützungsflugkörpers;
• - Erfassen von Positionsdaten des Ziels mittels eines Sensorsystems des Unterstützungsflugkörpers;
• - Erzeugen von Flugleitdaten zur Lenkung des Bekämpfungsflugkörpers zumindest teilweise basierend auf den durch das Sensorsystem des Unterstützungsflugkörpers erfassten Positionsdaten durch eine Prozessoreinrichtung des Unterstützungsflugkörpers;
• - Übertragen der durch die Prozessoreinrichtung erzeugten Flugleitdaten an den Bekämpfungsflugkörper; und
• - Lenken des Bekämpfungsflugkörpers basierend auf den Flugleitdaten.

According to a third aspect of the invention, a method for guiding a combat missile to combat an airborne target is provided. The method can be carried out in particular by means of a system according to the first aspect of the invention and comprises the following steps:

• - Launch of the combat missile and a support missile;
• - Acquisition of position data of the target by means of a sensor system of the support missile;
• - Generating flight control data for guiding the combat missile based at least in part on the position detected by the sensor system of the support missile tion data by a processor means of the support missile;
• - Transmission of the flight control data generated by the processor device to the combat missile; and
• - Guidance of the combat missile based on the flight control data.

One idea on which the invention is based is to determine the data required for guiding or maneuvering a defense or combat missile, at least in part, based on sensor data that is detected by a sensor system of a support missile. According to the invention, a preferably unarmed support missile, which is equipped with a powerful sensor system and a communication module, is thus launched in addition to the defense missile, which takes over the physical combating of the target and can be armed accordingly. The sensor system of the support missile detects position data of the target to be attacked, with a processor device of the communication module generating flight control data from this position data, which are sent to the combat missile via an output interface.

The processor device of the communication module can, for. B. in the form of a microcontroller, a CPU, an FPGA, an ASIC or the like. The processor device is set up to run software in order to generate the flight control data based on the position data, with the software being able to be stored in a data memory which is integrated on the same chip as the processor device or which is designed as an independent, separate data memory of the communication module.

In addition to the flight control data generated by the processor device of the communication module of the support missile, position data recorded by a fire control radar and/or flight control data generated therefrom can be used to steer the defense missile, but the processor device is set up to generate flight control data from the data recorded by the sensor system of the support missile , with which the defense missile can be directed exclusively, at least at times. Thus, a ground-based radar that may be provided can be significantly relieved, e.g. B. to allow multiple fights in parallel.

A further advantage lies in the fact that the sensor system of the support missile is moved with it. Thus, an observation position from which the position of the target is detected can be changed. This improves the accuracy of the recorded position data and thus the instruction of the defense missile. For example, the support missile can be maneuvered into positions relative to the target where the target can easily avoid the support missile, but this is immaterial since the support missile need not hit the target.

Furthermore, the sensor system of the support missile can be realized in a very efficient manner, without any installation space conflicts with a possible armament occurring. Since the support missile does not have to hit the target, the support missile can have a simple aerodynamic design and can therefore be implemented cost-effectively.

Advantageous refinements and developments result from the dependent claims referring back to the independent claims in connection with the description.

According to some embodiments, it can be provided that the combat missile has a seeker head with a second sensor system, which is set up to detect and track the flying target.

According to some embodiments, it can be provided that the first sensor system of the support missile and the second sensor system of the combat missile have at least partially different sensors. According to some specific embodiments, it can be provided that the second sensor system has an optical sensor and/or a radar sensor, in particular a Ka-band radar sensor. These sensors can B. be used to perform a classification and / or a distinction and / or an identification of the target or to support these functions. This also facilitates hit monitoring.

According to some specific embodiments, it can be provided that the first sensor system has an infrared sensor and/or a radar sensor, in particular a Ku-band radar sensor.

Consequently, a sensor system of the combat missile and the sensor system of the support missile can be designed to be complementary.

For example, the combat missile can have a radar sensor, in particular a Ka-band radar sensor, and/or high-resolution imaging sensors, while the support missile has infrared sensors and/or radar sensors with a greater detection range, such as B. Ku-band radar sensors are provided. An advantage of accommodating such sensors in the support missile is that the support missile has a smaller distance to the observed object or target or a different viewing angle compared to a ground-penetrating radar. Ka-band radar sensors and high-resolution imaging sensors have a relatively short range or narrow field of view, but are very accurate. Thus, the sensor system of the support missile, for example using an infrared sensor, can efficiently detect the position of the target, which is subject to a large error compared to a Ka-band radar sensor, but can take place over a large detection range. The complementary sensors allow better specialization of the orientation sensors housed in the support missile and direct target tracking sensors housed in the combat missile.

According to some embodiments, the system can additionally have a radar for detecting position data of the flying target and a data transmission device connected to the radar for transmission of basic flight control data determined based on the position data for guiding the combat missile to the communication module of the support missile, the communication module having an input interface, which is set up to receive the flight control data from the data transmission device, and wherein the processor device of the communication module is set up to determine fused flight control data based on the position data recorded by the first sensor system and based on the basic flight control data received from the data transmission device at the input interface and to output them to the output interface .

According to some embodiments of the method, position data of the target can be acquired by means of a radar, basic flight control data for guiding the combat missile can be generated, basic flight control data can be transmitted to the support missile, and merged flight control data can be generated based on the basic flight control data and the position data of the Target done by means of the processor device.

It can thus be provided that a position detection of the flying target on the one hand, at least temporarily, by a radar, z. B. a ground-based fire control radar, and on the other hand by the first sensor system of the support missile. The processor device of the communication module of the support missile can combine the position data obtained from both sources and determine flight control data for guiding the defense missile. This can e.g. B. based on basic flight data, which are sent from the data transmission device to the input interface of the communication module and ultimately contain or represent position data of the target, and based on the sensor data of the first sensor system. As a result, for example, an update rate with which the combat missile guidance data are made available, can be advantageously increased, z. B. by using position data recorded by the first sensor system to determine the flight control data for times at which the radar cannot provide any flight control data.

A further advantage of the combination of a radar and a data transmission device with the support missile is that the communication module of the support missile is easily adaptable to different combat missiles and/or radar systems, e.g. B. by adapting the software of the communication module. For example, new, powerful defense missiles can easily be combined with existing radar systems. In principle, software for the communication module can also be implemented in a simple manner, which software can already be used for a selection of different types of defense missiles, which facilitates flexible use in different systems with different defense missiles. If newly developed defense missiles are to be incorporated into existing air defense systems, this can be implemented relatively easily by expanding the software of the support missile's communication module, which works like a kind of "adapter", with relevant data for the new defense missile. The support missile thus makes it easier to close performance gaps in an existing air defense system.

Furthermore, accommodating the communication module facilitates communication with the combat missile. On the one hand, very powerful input and output interfaces, e.g. B. in the form of transceivers, are housed in the support missile without space conflicts occur, z. B. with a warhead, since the support missile is preferably realized unarmed. Furthermore, the communication range can be increased by the support missile. Another advantage is that control measures can be chosen more flexibly. For example, it is not absolutely necessary that the combat missile, i.e. the Missile that is supposed to hit the target to be defended against must have a permanent so-called line-of-sight (LOS) connection, i.e. a direct line of sight to the radar, since the flight control data and optionally also data sent by the combat missile in this so-called non-line-of- Sight Fall can be transmitted indirectly via the support missile. Since the processor device of the communication module of the support missile is set up to generate the flight control data for guiding the defense missile at least at times exclusively based on the position data recorded by the first sensor system, the radar can also be switched off at times, e.g. B. in a certain sector to be invisible for an enemy system. The radar can also be temporarily relieved and the resources that have been freed up can be made available for other tasks.

According to some embodiments, it can be provided that the input interface is set up to transmit signals that have different physical properties compared to signals that can be transmitted at the output interface. The input interface can optionally be set up to transmit signals in a first frequency band, and the output interface can also optionally be set up to transmit signals in a second frequency band that is different from the first frequency band. This also makes it easier to combine different radar systems or data transmission devices with different combat missiles.

According to further embodiments, the communication module can have a first input interface, which is used for transmitting signals with first physical properties, e.g. B. of signals in a first frequency range or with a first polarity, and a second input interface, which is set up for transmitting signals with second physical properties, z. B. of signals in a second frequency range or with a second polarity. The communication module of the support missile can thus be used with completely different data transmission devices, e.g. B. from different radar systems, and output appropriate signals at the output interface for the combat missile.

Optionally, the processor device can be set up to forward the received basic flight control data unmodified as processed flight control data to the output interface. For example, the support missile's communications module can be used as a sort of relay. As a result, very large transmission ranges are possible between an optional radar or the associated data transmission device and the defense missile.

Provision can likewise optionally be made for the processor device to be set up to forward the received basic flight control data to the output interface in accordance with a predetermined procedural specification. A predetermined procedural specification can in particular be understood as a specification for a point in time when the signals are forwarded and/or a specification as to whether signals are transmitted at all and/or a specification for changing physical or coding properties of the signals. In this case, procedural specifications can, for example, be permanently selected or these properties/parameters can be selected dynamically. In the latter case z. B. the respective rules for the next data packet are set in a currently transmitted data packet. This applies both to flight control data transmitted from the data transmission device to the communications module and to feedback data transmitted from the defense missile to the communications module. For example, the regulations for a subsequent feedback data packet can also be contained in a data packet of flight control data.

• - eine Verzögerungszeit, z. B. eine Verzögerungszeit, nach der die Prozessoreinrichtung die an der Eingangsschnittstelle empfangenen Flugleitdaten an die Ausgangsschnittstelle weiterleitet, oder eine Verzögerungszeit nach dem Senden der Flugleitdaten an den Abwehrflugkörper, nach der ein Empfang von Rückmeldedaten erwartet wird;
• - eine Zeitallokation, also ein definierter Zeitpunkt, für das Senden von Flugleitdaten und/oder Rückmeldedaten, z. B. basierend auf einem timeslot-Verfahren,
• - ein temporäres Aussetzen der Datenübertragung zwischen Kommunikationsmodul und Abwehrflugkörper und/oder zwischen Kommunikationsmodul und Datenübertragungsvorrichtung, z. B. einmalig, zweimalig, etc. oder für einen definierten Zeitraum,
• - ein Wählen eines speziellen Modulationsverfahrens für die Frequenz der übertragenen Signale aus einer vorbestimmten Auswahl an Modulationsverfahren,
• - ein Wählen einer speziellen Frequenz bzw. eines Frequenzbandes zur Übertragung der Signale aus einer Auswahl vorbestimmter Frequenzen oder Frequenzbänder,
• - ein Wählen eines Frequenz-Hopping-Verfahrens,
• - ein Wählen von Parametern für eine Kodierung der Flugleitdaten und/oder der Rückmeldedaten aus einer vorbestimmten Auswahl an Parametern und/oder eine Wählen zwischen Anwenden und Aussetzen eines solchen Kodierungsverfahrens.

The procedural specifications can be, for example:

• - a delay time, e.g. B. a delay time after which the processor device forwards the flight control data received at the input interface to the output interface, or a delay time after the transmission of the flight control data to the defense missile, after which feedback data is expected to be received;
• - a time allocation, i.e. a defined point in time, for the transmission of flight control data and/or feedback data, e.g. B. based on a timeslot method,
• - A temporary suspension of data transmission between the communication module and defense missile and / or between the communication module and data transmission device, z. B. once, twice, etc. or for a defined period of time,
• - a selection of a special modulation method for the frequency of the transmitted signals from a predetermined selection of modulation methods,
• - selecting a specific frequency or frequency band for transmission of the signals from a selection of predetermined frequencies or frequency bands,
• - a selection of a frequency hopping method,
• - Choosing parameters for coding the flight control data and/or the feedback data from a predetermined selection of parameters and/or choosing between using and suspending such a coding method.

In general, the forwarding can take place according to the procedural specifications both when forwarding flight control data to the defense missile and when forwarding feedback data to the data transmission device.

According to some specific embodiments, it can be provided that the processor device is set up to output the basic flight control data received in a first data format at the input interface as processed flight control data in a second data format. This makes it even easier to combine different support missiles with an optional radar.

According to some embodiments, it can be provided that the radar is set up to provide the position data at a first update rate, and the processor device is set up to use the basic flight control data received at the input interface, which were determined according to the first update rate, to process flight control data with a to output the second update rate, which is increased compared to the first update rate, to the output interface. As already explained, e.g. B. the data recorded by the first sensor system of the support missile and the data recorded by the radar are merged and output with an increased update rate as flight control data. According to some specific embodiments, it can be provided that the processor device is set up to generate virtual flight control data based on the basic flight control data and/or the position data recorded by the first sensor system and to output them to the output interface.

In general, the radar can acquire the position data with a specific first frequency or frequency per unit of time. Discrete position data of the target are thus available at specific time intervals. The flight control data, which are sent from the data transmission device to the communication module of the support missile, are generated based on this position data and can therefore be transmitted at the same maximum update rate. However, the processor device can output flight data with a higher update rate, e.g. B. in that the processor device generates virtual flight control data based on the received basic flight control data and/or the position data recorded by the first sensor system and outputs them to the output interface. For example, values for the flight control data can be extrapolated or approximated in some other way for points in time for which no basic flight control data or no position data are available from the first sensor system. Alternatively or additionally, flight control data can be retrieved from other data sources and merged with the flight control data received from the data transmission device. This increases the number of flight control data sets that are available per unit of time. In the same way, this can improve the accuracy of the data, e.g. B. through the optional use of filters, such as a Kalman filter, or through the aforementioned inclusion of additional data sources. In this way, more powerful defense missiles, which typically require a high update rate for the flight control data, can be combined even more easily with existing radar systems and data transmission devices.

According to some embodiments, it can be provided that the output interface is set up to receive feedback data from the combat missile, the processor device being set up to process the feedback data received from the combat missile and to output processed feedback data to the input interface, and the input interface to send the processed Feedback data is set up to the data transmission device. This data transmission process can also be referred to as a “down link”. The feedback data can contain, for example, operating status data of the defense missile. Alternatively or additionally, the feedback data can also contain a position assumed by the defense missile, seeker data and the like. In principle, the processor device can be set up to carry out the same processing steps for the feedback data as was described for the flight control data. In particular, the processor device can be set up to forward the received feedback data unmodified as processed feedback data to the input interface and/or to forward the received feedback data to the input interface with a predetermined time offset and/or to forward the feedback data received in a first data format as processed feedback data in a second data format to spend Optionally, the processor device can also be set up to use the feedback data provided by the defense missile at a first feedback update rate as processed feedback data with a compared to the first feedback up daterate increased or decreased second update rate to the input interface.

According to some specific embodiments, it can be provided that the processor device is set up to determine and output a steering parameter based on the position data recorded by the first sensor system. For example, it can be provided that the guidance parameter contains one or more of the following information: a current position of the target, a predicted intercept position of the target, a target-object map containing relative positions of the target and possible decoys. Accordingly, the processor device can be set up to adapt the content of the flight control data in such a way that it can be used by the combat missile. This further facilitates the combination with different radar systems, which can provide different content as position data or flight control data.

The features and advantages disclosed in connection with one aspect of the invention are also disclosed for the respective other aspects. For example, the processor of the communication module of the support missile according to the second aspect of the invention can be set up to carry out steps of the method according to the third aspect of the invention. Likewise, the ground-based air defense system according to the first aspect of the invention can carry out the method according to the third aspect of the invention.

• 1 eine schematische, funktionale Blockdarstellung eines Systems zur bodengebundenen Luftverteidigung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
• 2 eine schematische Ansicht eines Abwehr- oder Bekämpfungsflugkörpers und eines Unterstützungsflugkörpers eines Systems zur Luftverteidigung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung;
• 3 eine schematische Darstellung der Funktionsweise eines Systems zur bodengebundenen Luftverteidigung gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung; und
• 4 ein Ablaufdiagramm eines Verfahrens zur Lenkung eines Bekämpfungsflugkörpers gemäß einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung.

The invention is explained below with reference to the figures of the drawings. From the figures show:

• 1 a schematic, functional block diagram of a system for ground-based air defense according to an embodiment of the invention;
• 2 a schematic view of a defense or combat missile and a support missile of a system for air defense according to an embodiment of the invention;
• 3 a schematic representation of the functioning of a system for ground-based air defense according to an embodiment of the invention; and
• 4 a flowchart of a method for guiding a combat missile according to an embodiment of the invention.

In the figures, the same reference symbols designate identical or functionally identical components, unless otherwise stated.

1 shows an example of a system 100 for air defense or an anti-aircraft system for combating flying targets T (in 1 not shown), such as ballistic missiles, unmanned aerial systems, cruise missiles and airplanes. In particular, the system 100 may include an optional radar 110 , an optional data transmission device 130 , an unmanned combat missile 120 and a support missile 140 . In 1 a ground-based system 100 for air defense is shown purely by way of example, in which the optional radar 100, the optional data transmission device 130, the combat missile 120 and the support missile 140 are each in ground-based stations, e.g. B. vehicles or items are positioned.

In 1 a system 100 is shown purely by way of example, which has two radar systems 110 . Of course, only one radar system 110 can be provided, or more than two radar systems 110 can be provided. The radar system 110 serves to acquire position data P1 of the flying target T (in 1 not shown). For this purpose, the radar system 110 can have a radar sensor arrangement 111 for transmitting and receiving radar beams. The radar system 110 can detect a typically changing position of the target T, for example with a predetermined update rate. This means that the radar system 110 is set up to supply a predetermined number of position data sets which indicate the position of the target T per unit of time. The greater the capability of the radar system 110, the higher its update rate.

Optionally, the radar system 110 can have a processor device (not shown), which is set up to generate basic flight control data F from the position data P1. The flight control data F can contain the position data P1 and/or other steering parameters, such as e.g. B. contain a trajectory, a planned intercept point at which the target is to be destroyed, or similar data that can be used to guide or maneuver the defense missile 120. Alternatively, the basic flight control data F can also be generated from the position data P1 separately from the radar system 110, e.g. B. in a command post or a starting device 150.

As in 1 shown as an example, the data transmission device 130 can be embodied as part of the radar system 110 . The data transmission device 130 can also be implemented as an independent module or as part of a launching or launching device 150 for launching the defense missile 120 and/or the support missile 140 . Generally, the data transmission device 130 is communicatively coupled to the radar 110, e.g. B. via a radio link, a wired or fiber optic signal connection.

The data transmission device 130 is used to send the basic flight control data F to a receiver and can accordingly have a transmitter (not shown). In particular, the transmitter is set up to send radio signals. Optionally, the data transmission device 130 can additionally have a receiver (not shown).

In 1 is shown purely by way of example that the combat missile 120 and the support missile 140 are arranged in a common launch device 150. It is also conceivable that the combat missile 120 and the support missile 140 are launched from different, possibly even spatially separate launch devices. In 2 Combat missile 120 and support missile 140 are shown schematically in more detail.

The combat missile 120 is designed to hit the target T and thereby combat it. In particular, the combat missile 120 is implemented as a manoeuvrable, unmanned missile. As in 2 shown schematically and purely by way of example, the combat missile 120 can have a fuselage 121 and aerodynamic control fins 122 protruding from the fuselage 121 . As an alternative or in addition to the control fins 122, transverse thrust systems (not shown) can also be provided. To combat the target T, a warhead 125 can also be provided, which, for example, as in 2 shown schematically in the hull 121 can be accommodated. Furthermore, the combat missile 120 can have its own drive (not shown), e.g. B. in the form of an engine.

In order to maneuver combat missile 120, a flight control device 123 can be provided, which is set up to generate control signals in order to move control fins 122 by means of actuators (not shown) and/or to actuate any transverse thrust systems that may be present and/or to activate the drive (not shown ) to regulate. For example, the flight control device 123 may be configured to generate the control signals based on flight guidance data received from an external source, e.g. B. the support missile 140, are sent to the combat missile 120, as will be explained in more detail below. As in 2 shown as an example, it can also be provided that the combat missile 120 has a seeker head 124 with its own sensor system 126 (hereinafter also second sensor system 126), which is set up to detect the target T and track it. For example, the sensor system 126 can have an optical sensor 127 and/or a radar sensor 128 . The sensor system 126 can be connected to the flight control device 123 so that the flight control device 123 receives from the sensor system 126 sensor data P3 representing a current position of the target, the flight control device 123 being set up to generate the control signals based on the sensor data P3.

As in 2 shown by way of example, the flight control device 123 can be accommodated in the fuselage 121 in particular. Optionally, the flight control device 123 or, in general, the combat missile 120 can be set up to send status data to a receiver, e.g. B. to the support missile 140. The status data can include, for example, a current position of the combat missile 120, an operating status and the like.

The support missile 140 is also shown schematically and purely by way of example in 2 shown. In particular, the support missile 140 can also be implemented as a manoeuvrable, unmanned missile. As in 2 shown schematically and purely by way of example, the support missile 140 can have a fuselage 141 and aerodynamic control fins 145 protruding from the fuselage 141 . Furthermore, the support missile 140 can have its own drive (not shown), e.g. B. in the form of an engine, and have a flight control device (not shown), which is set up to generate control signals in order to move the control fins 145 by means of actuators (not shown) and / or to regulate the drive (not shown). . For example, the flight control device may be configured to generate the control signals based on flight control data received from an external source, e.g. B. the data transmission device 130, to the support missile 140 are sent.

As in 2 is also shown, the support missile 140 can have a communication module 1 and a first sensor system 142 . The communication module 1 can in particular which have an optional input interface 11, an output interface 12, a sensor interface 15 and a processor device 13. A data memory (not shown) can optionally be provided as part of the processor device 13 or as part of the communication module 1 . As in 2 is shown schematically, the input interface 11 and the output interface 12 are each connected to the processor device 13 .

The optional input interface 11 is set up to receive radio signals S1, S3, e.g. B. the flight control data F, which are sent by the data transmission device 130. The input interface 11 can also be set up to send signals S1, S3, e.g. B. to the data transmission device 130. As in 2 is shown by way of example, several input interfaces 11 can be provided, e.g. B. a first and a second input interface 11A, 11B. The first input interface 11A can be set up in particular for transmitting signals S1 with first physical properties, e.g. B. for transmitting signals in a first frequency band, and the second input interface 11B can be set up for transmitting signals S3 with second physical properties, e.g. B. for transmitting signals in a frequency band different from the first frequency band.

The output interface 12 is set up to send data to the combat missile 120 and optionally also to receive data from the combat missile 120 . In general, the output interface 12 is set up to transmit radio signals S2. It can optionally be provided that the output interface 12 is set up to transmit signals S2 whose physical properties differ from the signals S1, S3 received at the input interface 11. For example, the input interface 11 can be set up to transmit signals S1 in a first frequency band and the output interface 12 can be set up to transmit signals S2 in a second frequency band that is different from the first frequency band.

The processor device 13 is generally set up to generate an output signal based on an input signal. For example, the processor device 13 can have one or more microcontrollers, CPU(s), FPGA(s), ASIC(s) or the like. The processor device 13 is also set up to execute software stored on a data memory (not shown) in order to generate the output signal based on the input signal in accordance with a calculation rule defined by the software. In particular, the data memory can be a non-volatile data memory, e.g. B. a hard disk, a CD, a DVD, a Blu-ray Disc, a floppy disk, an SSD memory, a flash memory or the like.

Like this in 2 is shown schematically, the processor device 13 can receive basic flight control data F from the data transmission device 130 via the input interface 11 of the communication module 1, which in turn, as described above, transmits the basic flight control data F z. B. from the radar system 110 receives. The processor device 13 is set up to process the basic flight control data F and to output processed flight control data F′ to the output interface 12 . The processed flight control data F' are transmitted from the output interface 12 as radio signals S2 to the combat missile 120 and the flight control device 123 of the combat missile 120 maneuvers or steers or controls it based on the flight control data F' received from the communication module 1. The sending of data from the output interface 12 of the communication module 1 to the defense missile 130 can also be referred to as an uplink.

Like the radar system 110, the sensor system 142 of the support missile 140 is set up to acquire position data P2 of the target T; B. have a Ku-band radar sensor. The support missile 140 can thus determine the position of the target T itself. The first sensor system 142 can be connected to the sensor interface 15 of the communication module 1 in order to provide the position data P2 detected by the sensor system 140 to the processor device 13 as an input signal.

Like this in 2 is shown schematically, the processor device 13 can receive position data P2 of the flying target T from the first sensor system 142 via the sensor interface 15 of the communication module 1 . The processor device 13 is set up to determine or to generate flight control data F′ based on the position data P2 and to output them to the output interface 12 . The flight control data F′ are transmitted from the output interface 12 as radio signals S2 to the combat missile 120 and the flight control device 123 of the combat missile 120 maneuvers or steers it based on the flight control data F′ received from the communication module 1 . The flight control data F', which are output by the processor device 13 to the output interface 12, can be generated exclusively or partially based on the position data P2, which are generated by the first sensor system 142 of the defense missile 140 are recorded. Optionally, the flight control data F′, which are output by the processor device 13 to the output interface 12 , can be determined or generated partly based on the basic flight data F received from the data transmission device 130 . This is explained in more detail below.

The functioning of the system 100 is exemplified by the 3 with reference to the in 4 Process sequence M shown schematically described.

In 3 An air defense system 100 is shown schematically, which has two ground-based radar systems 110A, 110B and a ground-based launch device 150 . As already explained, a different number of radar systems 110 and firing devices 150 can also be provided. At least one combat missile 120 and at least one support missile 140 are provided ready for launch in the launching device 150 . As already mentioned, the support missile 140 can also be launched from another launching or launching device, it also being conceivable that the support missile 140 is launched from a ship, an airplane or another mobile platform. As in 3 is shown schematically, the radar systems 110 and the launching device 150 can be arranged, for example, spatially distributed in the terrain or at geographically different locations. In particular, it is also conceivable that the radar systems 110 have detection ranges that differ from one another and/or different sensor resolutions and/or update rates.

3 shows the air defense system 100 at different points in time t1, t2, t3. The trajectory of a flying target T is in 3 shown as dashed line LT. The trajectory of the defense or combat missile 120 is in 3 shown as dashed line L120. The trajectory of the support missile 140 is in 3 shown as dashed line L140.

The optional radar systems 110 monitor the airspace. When a flying target T, e.g. B. a ballistic missile like this in 3 is shown by way of example, enters the monitored airspace, this is recognized by the radar systems 110 . According to a method M for guiding the combat missile 120 to combat the flying target T, position data P1 of the detected target T is optionally recorded M1 by means of at least one radar system 110. In 3 this corresponds to time t1. The radar system 110 or the radar systems 110 can thus detect the current position of the target T at specific time intervals.

As in 4 shown, basic flight control data F are generated in a further optional step M2 based on the position data P1 detected by the radar system 110, e.g. B. by means of the radar system 110 itself. Alternatively, the radar system 110 can also send the position data P1 to the launch container 150 and a processor unit (not shown) of the launch device 150 generates the flight control data F.

As in 4 is shown, in a step M3, the combat missile 120 and the support missile 140 are started M3 by means of the launch device 150. The combat missile 120 and the support missile 140 can be launched simultaneously or one after the other. The launching of the combat missile and the support missile 120, 140 can take place, for example, at time t1, as shown in 3 shown schematically, or slightly delayed.

In a further optional step M4, the execution of which can also begin at time t1, the data transmission device 130 transmits the basic flight control data F to the support missile 140. In particular, corresponding radio signals S1, S3 are transmitted to the input interface 11 of the communication device 1 of the support missile 140. The support missile 140 can optionally be guided or controlled based on the flight control data F received by means of its flight control device (not shown). Alternatively, it can also be provided that the support missile 140 follows a predetermined trajectory z. B. in the flight control device (not shown) of the support missile 140 may be stored, departs.

As 4 shows, in a further optional step M5, the basic flight control data F is processed by the processor device 13 of the support missile 140. During processing M5, the processor device 13 generates processed flight control data F' and outputs them to the output interface 12 of the communication module 1. From there, the processed flight control data F' are transmitted to the combat missile 120 (step M6) and the combat missile 120 is guided or controlled based on the processed flight control data F' (step M7). In particular, the flight control device 123 of the combat missile 120 receives the flight control data F' and, based on the flight control data F', generates control signals which activate the control fins 122 or the transverse thrust systems and/or the drive (in 2 not shown) cause.

Optionally, it can be provided that immediately after launching combat missile 120 and support missile 140, z. B. between times t1 and t2, the flight control data F from the data transmission device 130 are also transmitted directly to the combat missile 120 and the combat missile 120 is guided in a launch phase based on the flight control data F received directly from the data transmission device 130. At the end of the start-up phase, e.g. B. at time t2, for example when combat missile 120 has reached a predetermined position and/or a predetermined flight speed, the transmission of flight control data F from data transmission device 130 to combat missile 120 is terminated and combat missile 120 is, in accordance with step M7, based on the Communications module 1 of the support missile 140 provided processed flight control data F 'directed. In general, the support missile 140 can also be guided in the starting phase based on the flight control data F received from the data transmission device 130, as has already been mentioned. In the starting phase, both the combat missile 120 and the support missile 140 are preferably within a field of view of the radar system 110, so that their position can be detected by the radar system 110.

As in 4 is also shown, the method M includes a method step M51, in which position data P2 of the target T are detected by means of the first sensor system 142 of the support missile 140. This method step M51 can be carried out, for example, from time t2. In step M51, the processor device 13 determines flight control data for steering the combat missile 120 from the position data P2 received at the sensor interface 15 and outputs these to the output interface 12 as processed flight control data F′. For example, it can be provided that the processor device 13 determines the processed flight data F′ entirely or partially based on the position data P2 detected by the sensor system 142 . In particular, it is conceivable that the processor device 13 merges the position data P2 received at the sensor interface 15 and the flight control data F received at the input interface 11 from the data transmission device 130 and outputs the merged data as processed flight control data F′. This is an example possibility to increase the update rate, which can be provided as an optional function of the processor device 13, which is carried out in step M5. Furthermore, the reliability of the flight control data F′ can thereby be improved. In addition, the combat missile 120 can also be guided or maneuvered entirely without flight control data F supplied by a radar system 110 using the position data P2 detected by the sensor system 142 of the support missile 140, at least temporarily. This allows z. B. the implementation of a so-called "fire-and-forget function" and / or temporarily switching off the radar 110.

In this way, the combat missile 120 can be controlled or maneuvered in the direction of the target T, as in 3 is represented symbolically by the different positions of the target T and the combat missile 120 at the times t2 and t3, the target T being hit by the combat missile 120 at the time t3. After launch, support missile 140 can be guided in such a way that it moves in a predetermined corridor relative to combat missile 120 and/or that it follows a predetermined trajectory relative to the position of data transmission device 130 (in 3 not shown) flies.

The above-described processing M5 of the received flight control data F by the processor device 13 can in particular include an unmodified forwarding of the received flight control data F to the output interface 12 as processed flight control data F′. For example, in the event of a temporary failure of the first sensor system 142 of the support missile 140 or until the support missile 140 has approached the target T up to a predetermined distance, the combat missile 120 can be steered based on the basic flight control data F, which is available as flight control data F' from the Communication module 1 are sent to the combat missile 120. Even this simple forwarding function can improve the combat effectiveness of the system 100. For example, if combat missile 120 disappears from the field of view of radar system 110, in 3 e.g . B. from the field of view of the radar system 110A due to visual obstacles such as mountains, position data P1 of the target T, which the radar system 110A provides in the flight control data F, can continue to be reliably transmitted to the combat missile 120 via the support missile 140.

In step M5, the processor device 13 can optionally forward the received basic flight control data F to the output interface 12 with a predetermined time offset. In general, the processor device 13 can forward the received basic flight control data F to the output interface 12 in accordance with a predetermined procedural specification in step M5.

Furthermore, it is also conceivable that the processor device 13 in step M5 the basic flight control data F received in a first data format as processed flight control data F' in a second data format to output interface 12. Alternatively or additionally, in step M5, the processor device 13 can use the received basic flight control data F and/or based on the position data P2 detected by the first sensor system 142 to calculate a steering parameter, e.g. B. determine a current position of the target T, a predicted intercept position of the target T and/or a target object map (TOM), in which relative positions of the target T and possible decoys are contained, and output them to the output interface 12 . These optional processing functions of the processor device 13 of the communication module 1 of the support missile 140 facilitate the combination of the combat missile 120 with different radar systems 110A, 110B. For example, it may be the case that the combat missile 120 requires the predicted intercept position of the target T as a guidance parameter in order to maneuver in the direction of the target T and this information can in principle be obtained from the flight control data F generated by the radar 110A. In this case, the communication module 1 of the support missile 140 can simply forward the basic flight control data F of the radar 110A to the defense missile 120 as processed flight control data F'. If radar 110A fails or target T is not visible to radar 110A, but radar 110B is able to detect target T, missile 120 can be guided using radar 110B, even if the radar 110B provides the current position of the target T as a guidance parameter, instead of the required predicted intercept position. In this case, the processor device 13 of the communication module 1 of the support missile 140 determines the predicted intercept position from the flight control data F received at the input interface 11 and forwards this to the defense missile 120 in the processed flight control data F′ via its output interface 12 .

A further optional processing function of the processor device 13, which can be performed in step M5, can be that the processor device 13 uses the basic flight control data F received from the data transmission device 130, which were determined according to the update rate of the radar 110, to process flight control data F' with a compared to the update rate of the radar 110 increases the update rate to the output interface 12 . For example, the combat missile 120 may require the flight guidance data at a higher update rate than the radar 110 can provide. In this case, the processor device 13 can increase the update rate itself. For example, it is possible for the processor device 13 to generate virtual flight control data F" based on the received basic flight control data F and/or based on the virtual flight control data F" from the first sensor system 142 of the support missile 140 and to output it to the output interface 12. The processor device 13 calculates approximate flight control data for points in time , for which the radar 110 itself does not provide any flight control data. For this purpose, the processor device 13 can, for example, run software that contains corresponding simulation models. The virtual flight control data F" generated in this way are processed together with the possibly modified or unmodified flight control data as processed flight control data F' at the output interface 12 of the communication module.

As in 4 can also be seen, in an optional step M50, the defense missile 120 can send feedback data to the output interface 12 of the communication module 1 of the support missile 140, which can also be referred to as a downlink. Furthermore, in step M50 the processor device 13 can process the received feedback data and output it to the input interface 11, the input interface 11 sending the processed feedback data to the optional data transmission device 130 or another receiver. The feedback data can contain, for example, operating status data of the anti-missile 120, a position assumed by the anti-missile, seeker data or the like. In step M50, the processor device 13 can, for example, forward the received feedback data unmodified as processed feedback data to the input interface 11 and/or forward the received feedback data to the input interface 11 with a predetermined time offset and/or the feedback data received in a first data format as processed feedback data in one output the second data format to the input interface 11. Processor device 13 can optionally output the feedback data provided by defense missile 120 at a first feedback update rate to input interface 11 as processed feedback data at a second update rate that is increased or decreased compared to the first feedback update rate.

• - eine Zeitallokation, also definierter Zeitpunkt, für das Senden von Flugleitdaten und/oder Rückmeldedaten, z. B. basierend auf einem timeslot-Verfahren,
• - ein temporäres Aussetzen der Datenübertragung zwischen Kommunikationsmodul 1 und Abwehrflugkörper 120 und/oder zwischen Kommunikationsmodul 1 und Datenübertragungsvorrichtung 130, z. B. einmalig, zweimalig, etc. oder für einen definierten Zeitraum,
• - ein Wählen eines speziellen Modulationsverfahrens für die Frequenz der übertragenen Signale aus einer vorbestimmten Auswahl an Modulationsverfahren,
• - ein Wählen einer speziellen Frequenz bzw. eines Frequenzbandes zur Übertragung der Signale aus einer Auswahl vorbestimmter Frequenzen oder Frequenzbänder,
• - ein Wählen eines Frequenz-Hopping-Verfahrens,
• - ein Wählen von Parametern für eine Kodierung der Flugleitdaten F und/oder der Rückmeldedaten aus einer vorbestimmten Auswahl an Parametern und/oder eine Wählen zwischen Anwenden und Aussetzen eines solchen Kodierungsverfahrens.

Of course, feedback data received from the defense missile 120 at the output interface 12 can also be forwarded to the input interface 11 by the processor device 13 according to a predetermined procedural specification. Further procedural specifications, both for the up-link and for the down-link, can e.g. B. be:

• - a time allocation, i.e. a defined point in time, for sending flight control data and/or feedback data, e.g. B. based on a timeslot method,
• - A temporary suspension of data transmission between communication module 1 and defense missile 120 and/or between communication module 1 and data transmission device 130, e.g. B. once, twice, etc. or for a defined period of time,
• - a selection of a special modulation method for the frequency of the transmitted signals from a predetermined selection of modulation methods,
• - selecting a specific frequency or frequency band for transmission of the signals from a selection of predetermined frequencies or frequency bands,
• - a selection of a frequency hopping method,
• - Choosing parameters for coding the flight control data F and/or the feedback data from a predetermined selection of parameters and/or choosing between using and suspending such a coding method.

In a flight phase shortly before the target T is intercepted by the combat missile 120, the latter can be set up to navigate independently, e.g. B. using the sensor data P3 recorded by its second sensor system 126 .

Although the present invention has been explained above by way of example using exemplary embodiments, it is not limited thereto but can be modified in many different ways. In particular, combinations of the above exemplary embodiments are also conceivable.

Reference List

1

communication module

11

input interface

11A

first input interface

11B

second input interface

12

output interface

13

processor device

15

sensor interface

100

system

110

radar

110A

radar system

110B

radar system

111

radar sensor arrangement

120

combat missile

121

hull

122

control fins

123

flight control device

124

seeker head

125

warhead

126

second sensor system

127

optical sensor

128

radar sensor

130

data transmission device

140

support missile

141

hull

142

first sensor system

143

infrared sensor

144

radar sensor

145

control fins

150

launcher

f

received flight guidance data

F'

processed flight control data

F''

virtual flight control data

LT

trajectory of the target

L120

Trajectory of the combat missile

L140

Support missile trajectory

M

proceedings

M1-M7

process steps

M51

process step

P1

position data

p2

position data

S1-S3

signals

T

aim

QUOTES INCLUDED IN DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents cited by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent Literature Cited

• US5340056A [0003]

Claims (17)

System (100) for air defense, comprising: an unmanned combat missile (120) for combating an airborne target (T); and an unmanned support missile (140) with a first sensor system (142) for acquiring position data (P2) of the airborne target (T) and a communication module (1) which has a sensor interface (15) connected to the sensor system (142), a sensor interface connected to the processor means (13) connected to the sensor interface (15) and having an output interface (12) connected to the processor means (13); wherein the processor device (13) is set up to generate flight control data (F') for guiding the combat missile (120) at least partially based on the position data (P2) of the flying target (T) detected by the sensor system (142) and to transmit it to the output interface ( 12) to spend; and wherein the output interface (12) is set up to send the flight control data (F') to the combat missile (120). system (100) after claim 1 , wherein the combat missile (120) has a seeker head (124) with a second sensor system (126) which is set up to detect and track the flying target (T). system (100) after claim 2 , wherein the first sensor system (142) of the support missile (140) and the second sensor system (126) of the combat missile (120) have at least partially different sensors. system (100) after claim 2 or 3 , wherein the second sensor system (126) has an optical sensor (127) and / or a radar sensor (128), in particular a Ka-band radar sensor. System (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first sensor system (142) has an infrared sensor (143) and/or a radar sensor (144), in particular a Ku-band radar sensor. System (100) according to any one of the preceding claims, additionally comprising: a radar (110) for detecting position data (P1) of the flying target (T); and a data transmission device (130) connected in communication with the radar (110) for sending base flight control data (F) determined based on the position data for guiding the combat missile (120) to the communication module (1) of the support missile (140); wherein the communication module (1) has an input interface (11) which is set up to receive the flight control data (F) from the data transmission device (130); and wherein the processor device (13) of the communication module (1) is set up based on the position data (P2) recorded by the first sensor system (142) and based on the basic flight control data (F) received from the data transmission device (130) at the input interface (11) to determine merged flight control data (F') and to output it to the output interface (12). System(100) :after claim 6 , wherein the input interface (11) is set up for transmitting signals (S1) which have different physical properties compared to signals (S2) which can be transmitted at the output interface (12). system (100) after claim 6 or 7 , wherein the communication module (1) has a first input interface (11A) which is set up for transmitting signals (S1) having first physical properties, and a second input interface (11B) for transmitting signals (S3) having second physical properties is set up. System (100) according to one of Claims 6 until 8th , wherein the processor device (13) is set up to output the basic flight control data (F) received in a first data format at the input interface (11) as processed flight control data (F') in a second data format. System (100) according to one of Claims 6 until 9 , wherein the radar (110) is set up to provide the position data (P1) at a first update rate, and wherein the processor device (13) is set up to use the basic flight control data (F) received at the input interface (11), which are in accordance with the first update rate were determined to output processed flight control data (F') at a second update rate that is higher than the first update rate to the output interface (12). system (100) after claim 10 , wherein the processor device (13) is set up to generate virtual flight control data (F") based on the basic flight control data (F) and/or the position data recorded by the first sensor system (142) and to output it to the output interface (12). System (100) according to one of Claims 6 until 11 , wherein the output interface (12) is set up to receive feedback data from the combat missile (120), the processor device (13) for processing the response from the combat missile (13) received reporting data and is set up for outputting processed feedback data to the input interface (11), and wherein the input interface (11) is set up for sending the processed feedback data to the data transmission device (130). System (100) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the processor device (13) is set up to determine and output a steering parameter based on the position data (P2) detected by the first sensor system (142). system (100) after Claim 13 , wherein the guidance parameter contains one or more of the following information: a current position of the target (T), a predicted intercept position of the target (T), a target-object map in which relative positions of the target and possible decoys are included. Support missile (140) for an air defense system (100), comprising: a sensor system (142) which is set up to detect position data (P2) of a flying target (T); and a communication module (1) which has a sensor interface (15) connected to the sensor system (142), a processor device (13) connected to the sensor interface (15) and an output interface (12) connected to the processor device (13); wherein the processor device (13) is set up to transmit flight control data (F) for guiding a combat missile (120) to attack the target (T) at least partially based on the position data (P2) of the flying target (T) recorded by the sensor system (142). produce; and wherein the output interface (12) is set up to send the flight control data (F') to the combat missile (120). Method (M) for guiding a combat missile (120) for combating a flying target (T), in particular by means of a system (100) according to one of Claims 1 until 14 comprising: launching (M3) the combat missile (120) and a support missile (140); Detection (M51) of position data (P2) of the target (T) by means of a sensor system (142) of the support missile (140); Generating flight control data (F') for guiding the combat missile (120) at least partially based on the position data (P2) detected by the sensor system of the support missile (140) by a processor device (13) of the support missile (140); Transmission (M6) of the flight control data (F') generated by the processor device (13) to the combat missile (120); and steering (M7) the combat missile (120) based on the flight control data (F'). Procedure (M) according to Claim 16 , additionally comprising: detecting (M1) position data of the target (T) by means of a radar (110); Generating (M2) basic flight control data (F) for steering the combat missile (120); Transmitting (M4) the basic flight control data (F) to the support missile (140); and generating merged flight control data (F') based on the basic flight control data (F) and the position data (P2) of the target (T) detected by the sensor system (142) by means of the processor device (13).

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