DE102020000018A1 - Method and device for manufacturing a cryogenically-acting blasting agent, as well as method and device for cleaning components with the cryogenically-mechanically acting blasting agent - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for producing a low-residue / residue-free blasting agent on the basis of cryogenic water ice, with different sizes and different geometrical shapes of the water ice particles, and a device for producing the cryogenic water ice particles and a method and devices for mechanical cleaning of Surfaces and components with the cryogenic water ice particles or for cryogenic mechanical cleaning with a mixture of cryogenic water ice particles with CO2 dry ice / CO2 snow, by producing the cryogenic water ice and the CO2 dry ice separately and then, depending on the application , are mixed in the blasting machine, creating a blasting agent mixture that has special cryogenic and mechanical properties and leaves little or no residue when used.

Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a low-residue / residue-free blasting agent on the basis of cryogenic water ice, with different sizes and different geometrical shapes of the water ice particles, and a device for producing the cryogenic water ice particles and a method and devices for using the Process for the mechanical cleaning of surfaces and components with the cryogenic water ice particles or for cryogenic mechanical cleaning with a mixture of cryogenic water ice particles with CO ₂ dry ice / CO ₂ snow by removing the deep cold water ice and the CO ₂ dry ice manufactured separately and then mixed, depending on the application, resulting in a blasting agent mixture that has cryogenic and mechanical properties and leaves little or no residue when used.

The invention relates to a method for producing a low-residue / residue-free blasting agent and a blasting agent mixture, based on water ice, with different sizes and different geometrical shapes and water ice in connection with CO ₂ dry ice / CO ₂ snow by the water ice and the CO ₂ - Dry ice can be produced separately and then mixed, depending on the application, creating a blasting agent mixture that has cryogenic and mechanical properties and leaves little or no residue when used.

Various methods of blast cleaning are known. For these largely mechanical processes, different blasting media such as glass beads, slag, sand or salts are used, which are blown onto the surface to be cleaned with water or compressed air. The disadvantage of these cleaning technologies is that the residues of the blasting agent are deposited in the environment and in the system to be cleaned.

In addition to the purely mechanical processes, thermal processes are also used, which are referred to as cold blasting processes. The blasting agent used is primarily CO ₂ dry ice, which evaporates as a gas after blasting. The disadvantage of this method is the low level of aggressiveness.

Out WO 2003 101667 A1 it is known that CO ₂ pellets are used as a solid blasting agent for cleaning surfaces. The CO ₂ pellets act as a soft, not very abrasive blasting agent, which means that there is no damage to the surface to be cleaned. Due to the temperature of approx. -78 ° C of the CO ₂ pellets, a thermal voltage is created between the contamination and the surface of the component to be cleaned, which leads to the contamination being detached (cryogenic effect). CO ₂ pellets, CO ₂ snow or generally CO2 particles and compressed air are used as energy sources. The disadvantage of cleaning with CO2 as a blasting agent, however, is that only a slight abrasive effect is recorded. This low level of abrasiveness restricts the area of application for this cleaning technology.

From the DE 103 09 191 A1 a device for dry ice blasting with a mixture of compressed air and dry ice for cleaning surfaces is known. _{The brittleness of the CO 2} pellets has proven to be a disadvantage. Due to the brittleness, approx. 70% of the amount of CO ₂ pellets is lost unused or has a negative effect due to the cooling of the work area. With the use of shredded CO ₂ pellets, the hit rate is significantly increased and the CO ₂ pellets used are better used.

In the DE 10 2009 027 974 B4 describes a grinder for crushing the CO ₂ pellet, in which two counter-rotating rollers _{press the CO 2} pellets against an adjustable crushing bar and crush them in the process.

In the DE 10 2004 057 665 A1 describes a device for comminuting CO ₂ pellets and for metering them into an air stream, in which the CO ₂ pellets are comminuted in a conical grinder and introduced into the air stream according to the injector principle.

The DE 20 2010 000 713 U1 describes a processing machine for dry ice, in which the CO ₂ pellets are brought into the shape and structure depending on the use with the help of profiled rollers.

In the DE 196 36 305 C1 describes a device which is used to remove coatings and deposits, the CO ₂ pellets to be comminuted by the roughness of the interior of the tube. However, the abrasion also _{creates CO 2} snow and CO ₂ gas, which reduces performance.

In the EP 1 977 859 A1 describes a device for comminuting CO ₂ pellets by means of a roller.

For an effective use of the CO ₂ jet technology, a temperature difference is required between the contamination to be removed and the subsurface. The pollution is caused by the CO ₂ Pellets are cooled and the required temperature difference or thermal voltage is created. This is not a problem with heated components. The heat capacity and thus also the temperature difference remains almost constant. With thin-walled or unheated components, the heat capacity and thus the temperature difference decrease.

Another disadvantage of CO ₂ blasting technology has been found to be the low abrasiveness of the CO ₂ pellets.

In DE 100 10 012 A1 and DE 201 15 013 U1 _{CO 2} pellets are added to the compressed air flow and an additional blasting agent that is solid at room temperature is added to increase the abrasiveness. The disadvantage here, however, is that some of the solid blasting media added remains in the system or the formation of dust cannot be avoided. In addition, the low constancy of the quantitative ratio between the CO ₂ blasting agent and the additive blasting agent is disadvantageous.

The DE 100 36 557 A1 describes a device for adding solid blasting media to the CO ₂ -air mixture. Disadvantages are the uneven constancy of the quantity ratio between CO ₂ pellets and the additional blasting agent and the high level of wear and tear in the dosing unit.

The DE 35 05 675 A1 describes a method for removing surfaces in which water ice (water ice particles) is mixed with a water jet. The water ice can also be formed by ice-forming germs within the water jet. The disadvantage of this method is that there is no cryogenic effect but only mechanical erosion; However, this should be low because the water ice particles only have a temperature of max. - 10 ° C.

The DE 10 2006 002 653 B4 describes a process in which a certain amount of water is added to a dry ice stream. The dry ice has an active function in this cleaning process, since the blasting mixture is to be used for textile cleaning and the active agent is separated out as a gas after the washing process, thus eliminating the rinsing process.

In the DE 34 34 163 A1 water is added to the CO ₂ snow produced when the liquid CO ₂ relaxes, so that additional water snow is produced. This mixture is pelletized and blown onto the surface to be cleaned with a jet of water or compressed air. The resulting blasting media is only slightly, if at all, slightly aggressive.

In the U.S. 5,785,581 describes a system in which a cryogenic liquid, preferably liquid nitrogen, is used as a coolant to generate ice particles. Here, water droplets are introduced into a cooled stream of compressed air, converted into ice and conveyed out of the jet nozzle using the pressure gradient. Here, too, there is only one mechanical effect.

In DE 689 146 57 T2 describes a method of making water ice balls for cleaning surfaces. This device is suitable for stationary use, as the device is designed in such a way that it forms a closed unit and the water ice particles do not come into contact with the ambient air and thus no condensation is possible.

In EP 0 225 081 A1 describes a method for producing microparticles from frozen water, on the order of 5 to 300 µm. This water ice, which is created by briefly flowing through a cold, highly viscous liquid, does not have the temperature required for aggressive cleaning and condensate forms immediately on contact with the ambient air.

In the DE 10 2010 020 618 A1 describes a method for producing CO ₂ pellets or CO ₂ particles with increased mechanical hardness and abrasiveness, in which CO ₂ water ice particles are produced by adding water. The disadvantage of this is that the water ice particles still have to be crushed and a water film is created again due to the required pressure.

In WO 2015/074765 A1 different possibilities for the production of water ice are described. The disadvantage here is that the water ice has to be crushed again or contact with the ambient air cannot be avoided. A cylinder is also described which makes it possible to produce water ice particles of different sizes through different nozzle sizes. The relatively rigid cooling by spraying in or releasing liquid nitrogen has proven to be a disadvantage, in which a cold gas atmosphere is created at the same time and the sprayed water droplets are to be cooled. A relatively stationary gas atmosphere forms around the water droplets or around the water ice particles, which has a negative effect on further cooling. The manufacturing process has proven to be a further disadvantage. The production cannot be carried out continuously, but must be interrupted after a certain time so that the water ice produced can be removed.

In scripture DE 102015209994 A1 describes a method and device for cleaning a jet engine with solid particles, such as dry ice or water ice. The disadvantage here is that commercially available crash ice with a temperature of approx. - 12 ° C is used, which has only a low level of hardness and a film of water is created during the comminution, which has a negative effect on the cleaning performance.

The analysis of the prior art has shown that normal CO ₂ dry ice blasting is ideally suited for contaminants that become brittle due to the coldness of the blasting agent. By shredding the commercially available CO ₂ pellets, the efficiency of the CO ₂ blasting systems can be increased and the consumption of blasting media can be reduced. However, this does not increase the aggressiveness.

The addition of solid abrasives as in DE 100 36 557 A1 and DE 102015209994 A1 or (1) company script of the company Cryonomic "Abrasives dry ice blasting" and (2) company script of the company DCA Deckert Anlagenbau GmbH "dry ice _{cleaning of the new generation", combines the cryogenic effect of CO 2} dry ice with the mechanical effect of the solid blasting agent and thus lowers the abrasive consumption significantly. The disadvantage is that the solid abrasive remains in the system.

It is known from (3) A. Momber "Handbook for Surface Processing of Concrete" and (4) B. Karpuschewski et al., "Fundamental considerations on deburring as a novel method for deburring complex components" that the hardness of the water ice is temperature-dependent. The hardness of the water ice is inversely proportional to its temperature. This means that as the temperature decreases, the hardness of the water ice increases. For example, water ice with a temperature of -10 ° C has a Mohs hardness of 2, comparable to plaster of paris. In comparison, water ice has a Mohs hardness of 6 - 7 at a temperature of -100 ° C.

It makes sense to use water ice with a hardness of approx. 6 Mohs as a blasting agent. In the solutions presented, it was demonstrated that water ice can in principle be produced at low temperatures. These solutions e.g. B. in U.S. 4,974,375 and DE 689 14 657 T2 are designed as stationary systems for the production of one particle size and are not suitable for mass production.

Various technologies are known for the production of water ice, (e.g. (5) company publications from ZIEGRA, "or (6) company documents from Kälte Berlin). The water ice produced is and has mainly been used for cooling in the food industry a temperature down to - 15 ° C. The water ice is manufactured and sold in blocks, as slices, as nuggats in different sizes or as crash ice. During experiments, the inventor has recognized that the further processing of commercial water ice with starting temperatures down to -15 ° C, for example by further cooling and crushing, did not bring the hoped-for success, because when crushing, the pressure to be applied creates a thin layer of water (ice-skate effect), which causes the crushed ice particles to freeze together immediately.

The contact of the water ice with the ambient air during filling after production and when transferring to the blasting device has proven to be a further disadvantage. When it comes into contact with the surrounding air, condensate forms immediately, which leads to it freezing again.

Since the prior art has not shown a satisfactory solution for the continuous production of water ice as a blasting agent, as well as methods and devices for the low-residue or residue-free removal of solid contaminants with the blasting agent to be found, the object of the present invention is to provide a Blasting media that is more aggressive than CO2 particles and a method for producing it, as well as devices for cleaning with the blasting media.

In addition to the thermal effect, the blasting agent to be found should also have a high and preferably controllable aggressiveness so that impurities on the surfaces of components can be removed as residue-free as possible. In particular, the component should not be damaged or have to be removed.

Another object of the invention is to find a device for storing and gently transporting the blasting agent.

The devices for processing the abrasive, as well as the transport and storage containers, must be designed in such a way that contact of the abrasive with the ambient air is prevented and no contact with warm parts that can thaw or melt the water ice is possible

This object is achieved with a production method for blasting media based on water ice according to claim 1, and a device for producing this blasting media according to claim 6, a method for blasting according to claim 9 and a device for blasting and cleaning surfaces and components with the blasting media Claim 10. Advantageous developments are described or specified in the dependent claims.

The shape and size of the water ice particles produced is determined by the area of application or the application. If the water ice particles are to be used to compact the surface, large spherical particles are preferred, which are applied vertically and at high speed to the surface to be processed. Edged water ice is preferred for cleaning.

During experiments, the inventor has recognized that when water ice is crushed in grinding or crushing works, the mechanical pressure causes water to accumulate, which leads to the immediate freezing of the material to be ground. The same effect occurs in metering units when, on the water ice coming from the storage container into the metering unit, a pressure z. B. by pressing together in the metering disc or by shearing off due to the rotary movement.

The inventor has recognized that the exposure time to the cold is reduced by adding the falling and spraying speeds. Furthermore, the inventor has recognized that the rate of fall can be slowed down with a cold countercurrent. Building on this, the inventor has recognized that the problem set can be achieved in a surprising manner in which the water with different droplet sizes, which are primarily influenced by the design and roughness of the nozzle outlet surface and the effect of the adhesive forces and the surface tension, into a conical Cooling tube, is introduced into a cold, countercurrent pulsating gas flow, which can have different speeds, and thus the individual drops of different sizes in certain planes in which the countercurrent and the mass-dependent fall speed cancel each other, freeze through. The opening angle and the height of the conical cooling tube can be freely selected, but they influence the flow behavior.

Tests have shown that there is a point in time at which the layer of ice enveloping the water droplets is so stable that it no longer breaks when it hits the ground or when it comes into contact with other droplets. Due to the large number of influencing factors, it is very difficult to determine the exact point in time. The inventor has recognized through numerous experiments that the free fall of the water droplets is slowed down by a cold countercurrent, depending on their speed, and thus the time available for freezing and for the formation of a stable ice shell can be extended Partially frozen droplets, on the water ice that collects at the bottom of the cryo-tube, as well as collisions with other partially frozen water droplets or the baffle plates, these droplets can burst and the already frozen shell disintegrates into individual angular fragments.

If the intensity of the cold countercurrent is not constant, the water ice particles are kept in motion and in different levels of the conical cooling tube and the possibility of contact with other drops is significantly increased. Retractable baffle plates, which disrupt the relatively even flow, intentionally increase the likelihood of a breakage collision.

It is known that a drop of water freezes from the outside in. In tests it was found that a sprayed film of water freezes much faster because the heat is withdrawn from inside and outside, albeit with different intensity. This knowledge enables the water ice particle to build up in layers and thus has a positive effect on the fracture behavior. This knowledge led to the development of a distributor head that enables simultaneous dropping and spraying with different parameters.

The droplet formation is influenced by various variables, for example surface tension, degree of purity, spray and drip parameters and adhesion forces. Using the adhesive forces and the surface tension on the one hand and the different shape and roughness of the nozzle exit surface on the other hand, drops of different sizes are achieved with the same dropping parameters.

During the blasting tests with the manufactured water ice, the inventor recognized that a condensate film forms on the water ice when it comes into contact with the ambient air and due to the moisture contained in the blasting air, and that when the water ice particles come into contact with a warm component of the blasting system immediately creates a film of water in the contact area. During the cleaning process, this film of water acts as a sliding layer between the water ice and the contamination and prevents mechanical processing and, when the blasting system comes to a standstill, causes the water ice particles to freeze together in the blasting system.

As a conclusion from these findings, the requirement arose that the water ice must not come into contact with the ambient air or warm components during production, storage, transport and processing and that no mechanical forces must act on the water ice.

The working temperature for the formation of water ice in experiments was a temperature of <- 120 ° C determined. For example, to cool 1l of water from room temperature to - 120 ° C, approx. 600 kJ have to be dissipated. Approx. 250 kJ are required to heat the nitrogen from - 195 ° C to - 120 ° C. For the formation of 1 kg of water ice, a minimum amount of 2.4 liters of nitrogen is theoretically necessary.

The cooling rate is mainly determined by the temperature difference dT between the sprayed water droplets and the gas temperature inside the cryo-tube. If the temperature inside the cryo-tube is - 120 ° C, the cooling is relatively high, but since there is no great movement of gas, the heated gas directly around the water droplet is not discharged and the cooling rate decreases. A forced flow, as provided by the present invention, leads to an increase in the cooling rate. If the nitrogen, as in WO 2015/074765 provided, introduced via a spray nozzle ring, the nitrogen is used to cool the gas atmosphere and at the same time to cool the water droplets. The lower the temperature in the cryo-tube, the less nitrogen is available to cool the water droplets. A targeted dosage, especially for the water droplets, is not possible. The device according to the invention provides double cooling, separately for the gas atmosphere of the cryo-tube and for the water droplets. This makes it possible to cool the gas atmosphere down to - 185 ° C and to apply nitrogen directly to the water droplets. This achieves a significantly faster freezing of the water droplets. In the tests it was recognized that the minimum amount of nitrogen required to cool the water droplets must not be sprayed in sporadically, but the required amount of nitrogen must be dosed in such a way that it is sprayed in at the same time as the specified amount of water.

The size and shape of the water droplets are essentially determined by the design of the spray and drip nozzle and the spray parameters such as differential pressure and water volume, as well as the adhesive forces and surface tension. The water droplets move downwards due to the spray pressure and their own weight. If an upward flow is built up in the conical cooling tube, as provided in the invention, this counteracts the falling speed and thus extends the falling time and thus the cooling effect. If this flow is alternately changed in its intensity, collisions can occur between the water ice particles, which are moved upwards again by the flow intensity, and the sprayed water droplets or the already partially frozen water droplets

The cold gas flow is blown in from below and thus keeps the frozen water ice particles in motion and thus prevents the partially frozen water ice particles from freezing together by the water that may be released during the drop collision.

With constant countercurrent flow, water ice planes with the same mass and size form in the conical cooling tube.

If the countercurrent is increased, the levels are shifted upwards, while a new layer of water is sprayed onto the partially frozen droplets. This creates a new layer of ice, the mass increases and the particles sink to the bottom. The new layer of ice wraps around the first drop of water like an onion layer. In contrast to the first drop of water, this second layer is cooled from the inside and outside.

In the attempts to produce the water ice by generating a forced flow in a conical cooling tube, it was found that the sprayed water droplets can also be influenced by the flow and pressed into the area between the conical cooling tube and the inner wall of the container. To prevent this, the injection speed must be so great that it is only slowed down in the conical cooling tube by the flow speed.

A special spray head that is designed in such a way that heated water from several nozzles, of the same or different size, constant or at intervals, in the form of drops, the size of which is essentially determined by the adhesive forces and the surface tension at the exit surface, into the cold gas space of the cryo-tube can be pressed, allows, by varying the gas pressure in the gas space, the formation of water droplets of different sizes. Depending on the adhesive forces and the surface tension at the nozzle outlet, these water droplets detach from the nozzle and fall vertically downwards. The adhesive forces can be influenced by the shape and roughness of the nozzle outlet surface in such a way that drops of different sizes can be formed despite the nozzle dimensions being the same.

The inventor has recognized through the experiments that at temperatures below -120 ° C. and with a smooth surface on the inner wall, no ice formation can be recorded on the surface. This is due to the fact that the heat is withdrawn so quickly from the small water droplet due to the high temperature difference between the water droplet and the gas atmosphere in the cryo-tube that the water droplets come into contact with the inner wall of the cryo-tube or the conical cooling tube, already has a stable ice envelope. Taking into account this knowledge and the fact that the drops fall in a straight line and a collision is hardly possible, baffle plates can be inserted into the conical cooling tube, which are intended to disrupt the flow, and thus the Significantly increase the possibility of a collision.

Another variant provides for the additional use of a spray nozzle with a conical spray pattern. In this way, the partially frozen water drop is provided with a further layer of water and a layer-by-layer structure is made possible. The outer diameter of the spray cone must be adjusted so that it is at least 10% smaller in diameter when it spreads out in the conical cooling tube than the inner diameter of the conical cooling tube in this area.

The cold gas required to generate or maintain the flow rate is taken from the cryo-tube in the upper area and blown back in with the aid of a blower in the base of the conical cooling tube, i.e. circulated.

If the supply of the cold gas flow is interrupted, the water ice particles pass through the transport channel into the collecting container below. This enables continuous production. From the collecting container, the water ice particles get either into a transport container or into a mixing container in which they can be mixed _{with CO 2} pellets or CO _{2 snow.} In this way, a blasting agent mixture can be produced which combines the cryogenic advantages of the CO ₂ particles and the mechanical properties of a solid blasting agent.

The advantage here is that the aggressiveness of the blasting agent mixture can be determined by the way in which the water ice production is operated.

The entire production process, i.e. the application of the spray nozzles, the spray parameters, the temperature of the sprayed water, the supply of the cold gas flow and thus the flow rate, the temperature control in the cryo-tube and its parameters is carried out by a central control according to predetermined programs that are based on the multitude of influencing factors must be determined and set up experimentally. The water ice produced according to a specified program passes through the extraction system in a certain amount into the mixing or collecting container. If necessary, CO2 particles are added here.

In a continuation of the inventive solution, a division of the interior of the cryo-tube into several flow segments and flow channels is provided. Depending on the number of flow segments, the drip nozzles in the distributor head are combined into groups with the same or different drip nozzles.

In connection with the multiple injection of water and nitrogen and different flow velocities in the individual flow segments, this construction enables a significantly better influence on the formation of cryogenic water ice particles.

1. 1. Strahlanlage für den universellen Einsatz
2. 2. Sonderanlage für spezielle Einsätze

There are two main directions for applying the:

1. 1. Blasting machine for universal use
2. 2. Special system for special applications

When blasting in universal use, the abrasive reaches the blasting system as pure water ice with the help of a special transport and storage container. The transport and storage container has a conical design on one side and is provided with an adapter that enables connection to the cryo-tube and the blasting system. The blasting system is designed as a two-chamber blasting system and thus enables cleaning with pure water ice, or with pure dry ice or with a mixture of water and dry ice. The mix of blasting media can be adjusted in the blasting system depending on the type of contamination. The blasting system is designed in such a way that the water ice does not come into contact with the ambient air and that contact with warm components is prevented by cooling.

For special applications, e.g. cleaning jet engines on the gate, removing the deposits on steam turbine rotors in the power plant, or cleaning mixing containers and agitators, an adapted blasting system is required in order to work effectively. This system differs from a universal blasting system in that it has a limited operating time, the same tasks, a low requirement for blasting air, a relatively high throughput of blasting media in a short time and use of the flow conditions.

The transport and storage container for deep-cold water ice is filled with the amount and composition of blasting media required for an application, a mixture of deep-cold water ice and CO ₂ dry ice, and rotated by 180 ° on the adapter in the blasting system. The dosage and the injector are connected to the adapter. The blasting process begins after the blasting air has been applied and the metering tap has been opened. The Blasting media discharge according to the injector principle can be supported by the pressure created by the sublimation of the CO2 particles in the transport container or by a separate pressure connection on the transport container.

The main advantage of the invention is that an aggressive, but nonetheless gently working blasting agent can be produced in a targeted manner in one operation, which combines cryogenic and mechanical properties and whose particle size, shape and structure can be determined during manufacture and thus enabling new areas of application, for example in jet turbine cleaning, in turbine cleaning and in the chemical industry.

Another essential advantage of the invention is that a blasting agent is available that enables the regular cleaning of components that are exposed to high thermal or mechanical loads without “hammering” the microcracks or without scratching the surfaces the scratches are interpreted as defects.

It is also advantageous that the water ice can be produced continuously in one operation according to a specific program, with adjustable parameters, and the quality can thereby be kept constant.

It is also advantageous that the blasting agent is built up in layers by adapting the counterflow and the injection parameters.

It is also advantageous that the sprayed water droplets are slowed down by the countercurrent, the freezing time is extended and can be increased by colliding with subsequent water droplets or by coating with water droplets generated by the spray mist of the spray nozzle.

It is also advantageous that the water ice particles can be produced in different geometric shapes, from small, almost spherical particles, through angular fragments, with smooth or angular surfaces, to large spherical particles in one production process.

Another advantage is that the water ice can be removed without interrupting the production process.

Another advantage is that the consumption of nitrogen can be reduced and metered better.

It is also advantageous that the forced flow can freeze the water ice particles and prevent the produced water ice particles from freezing together in the collecting space.

Another advantage of compact production is that the blasting media does not come into contact with the ambient air from production to the blasting process.

Another advantage has proven to be that the water ice _{can be mixed with CO 2} particles or CO ₂ snow, thus increasing the thermal effect.

1. 1. Erzeugung und Halten einer kalten Gasatmosphäre
2. 2. Spezielle Kühlung der eingesprühten Wassertropfen angesehen werden

It is also considered advantageous that the gas produced after the water ice has been brought together with CO ₂ particles can be used as a protective gas against heating and ambient air and to support the blasting process. Another advantage is the double supply of nitrogen in separate areas different task

1. 1. Creation and maintenance of a cold gas atmosphere
2. 2. Special cooling of the sprayed water droplets are considered

The invention will be described on the basis of 3 exemplary embodiments.

• Bild 1 : Aufbau der Vorrichtung zur Fertigung des tiefkalten Wassereises
• Bild 2 : Zweikammer Strahlanlage für den universellen Einsatz
• Bild 3 : Sonderstrahlanlage
• Bild 4 : Mehrkammervorrichtung zur Fertigung von tiefkaltem Wassereis

Show it

• Fig. 1: Structure of the device for the production of the deep-cold water ice
• Fig. 2: Two-chamber blasting system for universal use
• Fig. 3: Special blasting system
• Fig. 4: Multi-chamber device for the production of deep-cold water ice

The device shown in Figure 1 for the production of deep-cold water ice consists in the core of a cylindrical, insulated cryo-tube ( 1 ) consisting of a cylindrical inner jacket ( 2 ), with the welded-on cover part ( 3 ) and the welded-on Koninian bottom part ( 4th ) consists. In the lid part ( 3 ) is the hinged lid ( 5 ) with the distributor head ( 9 ) by turning the water drip nozzles ( 6th ) are attached. On the edge of the lid ( 5 ) are the brackets ( 7th ) for the height-adjustable, nitrogen-carrying water cooling ring ( 8th ), with the cooling nozzle (s) ( 10 ), for direct spraying through the water drip nozzles ( 6th ) generated water droplets ( 11 ), with nitrogen.

The bottom part ( 4th ) has an outlet opening ( 12th ). The outlet opening ( 12th ) is connected to the lower end of a conical cooling tube ( 13th ) connected by the adjusting screws ( 14th ) is centered. In the conical cooling tube ( 13th ) are one or more retractable baffles ( 25th ) appropriate. Below the outlet opening ( 12th ) is a flange ( 15th ) welded to which the gate valve ( 16 ) is mounted. Under the gate valve ( 16 ) is a T-piece ( 17th ) with a filling slide ( 18th ) and the adapter ( 31 ), to which a mixing chamber, a transport and storage container ( 19th ) with the locking slide ( 32 ) or a sample container can be connected.

In the upper area of the cylindrical cooling tube ( 1 ) is the spray ring ( 20th ) with the spray nozzles ( 33 ) for spraying the pressurized, for cooling the cryo-tube ( 1 ) Necessary nitrogen, arranged adjustable. In the upper area of the cylindrical cryo-tube ( 1 ) is a suction nozzle ( 21 ) appropriate. The suction nozzle ( 21 ) is through the pipe ( 22nd ) with the blower ( 23 ) connected. From the blower ( 23 ) leads the pipe ( 24 ) to the T-piece ( 35 ). The T-piece ( 35 ) is through the pipe ( 36 ) with the shut-off valve ( 37 ) and a throttle valve ( 39 ) directly to the cryo-tube ( 1 ) connected. In the pipe ( 38 ), the one with the T-piece ( 17th ) is connected, another throttle valve ( 39 ) and the orifice plate ( 34 ) assembled.

The distributor head ( 9 ) is heated and has several drip nozzles ( 6th ), which are evenly distributed on a pitch circle. The water outlet surface on the drip nozzles ( 6th ) are designed in different shapes and with different roughness in order to achieve drops of different sizes, using the adhesive forces. The drip valve ( 41 ) feeds the pressure chamber ( 40 ) with water ( 42 ). The flow rate and the feed pressure are set in the water control block ( 43 ) set. The spray valve ( 44 ) is directly connected to one or more spray nozzles ( 45 ) connected to the water as a spray cone ( 46 ) into the cryo-tube ( 1 ) spray. The required water is supplied by the pump ( 49 ) from the tank ( 26th ) and taken through the line ( 50 ), in which the pressure relief valve ( 51 ) is located, to the water control block ( 43 ) promoted. The pressure relief valve ( 51 ) ensures a constant form. In the water control block ( 43 ) the water is regulated in pressure and volume in two separate areas according to a specified program and the drip valve ( 41 ) or the spray valve ( 44 ) supplied.

The nitrogen required for cooling is supplied via the nitrogen line ( 59 ) from the tank ( 27 ) to the node ( 60 ) guided. The consumption is measured with the flow meter ( 53 ) measured and displayed.

At the knot ( 60 ) the line is divided into sections ( 54 ) and (55) divided. The section ( 54 ) leads to the spray ring ( 20th ) and the section ( 55 ) to the water cooling ring ( 8th ). There is a shut-off valve in both sections ( 29 ) and a dosage ( 30th ). This allows the nitrogen supply for the spray ring ( 20th ) and water cooling ring ( 8th ) are regulated separately.

The transport and storage container ( 19th ) consists of a one-sided conical pressure vessel ( 61 ) and is activated by the locking slide ( 32 ) locked. The locking slide ( 32 ) is designed so that it can be attached to the adapter ( 31 ) can be docked. The pressure vessel ( 61 ) is covered with an insulating sheath ( 62 ) Mistake. A pressure relief valve ( 63 ) ensures that the pressure in the transport and storage container ( 19th ) does not exceed a certain value. For emptying or for filling into the blasting machine ( 64 ) the transport and storage container ( 19th ) rotated by 180 ° and on the adapter ( 65 ) the blast machine ( 64 ) set. For safe emptying of the transport and storage container ( 19th ) is a connection piece ( 66 ) is provided, through which, for example, nitrogen gas can be blown in at a certain pressure in order to remove the water ice from the transport and storage container ( 19th ) into the blasting machine ( 64 ) to press.

The shot blasting machine ( 64 ) enables blasting only with water ice particles or only with dry ice particles or a mixture of water ice and dry ice particles. For this purpose, two separate chambers are provided for receiving or for intermediate storage. The water ice chamber ( 67 ) with the adapter ( 65 ) for receiving the water ice and the dry ice chamber ( 68 ). The water ice chamber ( 67 ) has a safety valve ( 69 ) and via a nozzle ( 70 ) to generate the overpressure required for dosing.

The dry ice chamber ( 68 ) is opened by opening the lid ( 71 ) is filled and also has a nozzle ( 72 ) to generate an overpressure. The water ice chamber ( 67 ) and the dry ice chamber ( 68 ), as well as the dosing and injector area are cooled with a commercially available refrigerant to a temperature of approx. - 40 ° C to - 90 ° C and are insulated ( 84 ) Mistake. The refrigerant is used for cooling in the compressor ( 73 ) compressed and through the supply line ( 76 ) to the condenser ( 74 ) and from there to the evaporator ( 75 ) directed. The return line ( 77 ) leads the refrigerant back to the compressor Two separately working metering rollers ( 78 ) and (79) enable the abrasive to be transported from the respective storage chamber to the injector ( 80 ). With the dosing roller ( 78 ) the dry ice particles are removed from the dry ice chamber ( 68 ) into the injector ( 80 ) brought. The dosing roller ( 79 ) brings the water ice out of the water ice chamber ( 67 ) into the injector ( 80 ). The direction of rotation of the metering rollers ( 78 ) and (79) is chosen so that the spiral metering grooves in the metering rollers in the ascending area from the filling chamber ( 151 ) are filled with abrasive. In the upper point of the rotary movement there is a scraper ( 150 ) attached to the excess blasting media back into the filling chamber ( 151 ) promoted. This ensures that only the abrasive in the metering groove enters the injector ( 80 ) is conveyed and no blasting media is damaged by being compressed or sheared. In the injector ( 80 ) the water ice particles and the dry ice particles are mixed and mixed with the transport air via the connection ( 81 ) brought to the blast gun. The transport air loaded with the abrasive is brought together in the blasting gun ( 81 ) with the over the line ( 82 ) supplied jet air.

The special blasting system ( 95 ) consists essentially of the frame ( 96 ) and the one-sided conical transport container ( 97 ). At the cone ( 98 ) is the shut-off valve ( 99 ) and the adapter ( 100 ) assembled. The transport container ( 97 ) is attached to the cryo-tube ( 1 ) to which a mixing chamber with a feed for dry ice particles and another adapter was also mounted, with a blasting agent mixture ( 101 ) made of water ice ( 90 ) and dry ice particles. After filling the transport container ( 97 ) this is rotated by 180 ° and inserted into the frame ( 96 ) used.

Then the injector ( 102 ) with the dosage ( 112 ) from the engine ( 113 ) is actuated to the adapter ( 100 ). To the injector ( 102 ) the transport air hose (103) with the air valve ( 104 ) connected. The specially prepared jet air is released from the gas station ( 111 ) supplied. On the other side of the injector ( 102 ) the abrasive hose ( 105 ) with the pressure valve ( 107 ) and the nozzle ( 106 ) connected. The dosage ( 112 ) and the injector ( 102 ) are through an isolation ( 113 ) and the interior ( 114 ) is produced by a refrigerant that is produced with the aid of a compressor ( 115 ) and an evaporator ( 116 ) through the cooling lines ( 117 ) can flow cooled to approx. -80 ° C Workflow

After all lines are closed, the water tank ( 26th ) filled with water from the network. The two shut-off valves ( 37 ) and the throttle valves ( 39 ) in the pipes ( 36 ) and (38) are opened. The blower ( 23 ) is switched on.

Then the nitrogen supply is stopped by opening the safety shut-off valve ( 52 ) over the line ( 59 ) and after opening the shut-off valve ( 29 ) in the cooling line cryo-tube ( 54 ) to the spray ring ( 20th ) produced. The pressurized nitrogen is released through the valve ( 30th ) dosed in the amount. The spray ring ( 20th ) is hung up loosely and can be accessed by the chain ( 28 ) can be adjusted in height. The nitrogen nozzles ( 33 ) spray the nitrogen to cool the interior of the cryotube ( 1 ) into the flow path ( 47 ), between the conical cooling tube ( 13th ) and the inner jacket ( 2 ) of the cryo-tube ( 1 ). The blower ( 23 ) moves the resulting air-nitrogen mixture from the intake port ( 21 ) through the pipes ( 22nd ) and (24) to the T-piece ( 35 ). The T-piece ( 35 ) divides the from the fan ( 23 ) incoming gas flow. Part goes over the pipe ( 36 ) by turning the shut-off valve ( 37 ) and the throttle valve ( 39 ) is in the cryo-tube ( 1 ). The other part goes in the pipe ( 38 ) from the T-piece ( 35 ) via the throttle valve ( 39 ), the orifice plate ( 34 ) and the shut-off valve ( 37 ) to the T-piece ( 17th ) and from there into the inner area of the conical cooling tube ( 13th ).

By supplying nitrogen at high pressure and spraying it in the cryo-tube ( 1 ) through the nitrogen nozzles ( 33 ), the pressure in the cryo-tube increases ( 1 ) until the working pressure, which is indicated by the pressure indicator ( 56 ) is measured, for example 3 bar, is reached. A pressure relief valve ( 48 ) ensures compliance with the intended working pressure.

Is the intended temperature of - 125 ° C to - 180 ° C inside the cryo-tube ( 1 ) is reached, the amount of nitrogen is increased with the dosage ( 30th ) reduced and the shut-off valve ( 37 ) in the pipe ( 38 ) as well as the locking slide ( 16 ) closed.

The production of the water ice can begin. To do this, the water valve ( 83 ) open and the pump ( 49 ) switched on. The pump ( 49 ) generates the for the water drip nozzles ( 6th ) and the spray nozzles ( 45 ) maximum required spray pressure, which is generated by the pressure relief valve ( 51 ) is kept constant. The water is now fed into the water control block at the regulated maximum pressure ( 43 ) fed in. In the water control block ( 43 ) various valve combinations are installed, which are controlled according to a preset program and thus the for the drip valve ( 41 ) and the spray valve ( 44 ) realize the required pressure and flow parameters.

The volume of water regulated in this way passes through the pipe ( 85 ) to the spray valve ( 44 ) or through the line ( 86 ) to the drip valve ( 41 ). The one from the drip valve ( 41 ) into the distributor head ( 9 ) fed-in water ( 42 ) that compresses in the distributor head ( 9 ) in the pressure chamber ( 40 ) located gas. The pressure in the pressure chamber rises ( 40 ) and the differential pressure is created. The differential pressure pushes the water through the drip nozzle (6) into the cryo-tube. The pressure in the pressure chamber ( 40 ) is displayed with the pressure indicator ( 57 ) measured and is of the in the water control block ( 43 ) and the parameters set by the drip nozzles ( 6th ) depending on the escaping water. Size and shape of the water droplets ( 11 ) is determined by the nozzle design, the nature of the nozzle outlet surface as well as determined by the flow rate and the differential pressure.

In order to prevent the nozzles from freezing during pauses, the water ( 42 ) in the distributor head ( 9 ) heated.

When the spray valve is opened ( 44 ) succeeded in the line ( 85 ) under pressure

Water, through the spray nozzle ( 45 ), directly into the interior of the cryo-tube ( 1 ) and forms the pressure-dependent spray cone ( 46 ). This spray cone ( 46 ) can be applied to already frozen water droplets ( 11 ) meet and form a water jacket there, which leads to the formation of another layer of ice.

The drops of water ( 11 ) and the water droplets in the spray cone ( 46 ) normally fall straight down and freeze due to the temperature difference from the outside in. In principle, only the free fall time is available as freezing time. The water droplets in the spray cone ( 46 ) have a higher speed than the water droplets ( 11 ) from the drip nozzle, as they are sprayed in with a higher differential pressure.

Various steps are provided to increase the freezing time.

The first step is to build a counterflow ( 87 ). To do this, the shut-off valve ( 37 ) on the line ( 38 ) and the locking slide ( 16 ) open. This causes part of the gas flow to flow into the conical cooling tube ( 13th ) and builds the countercurrent ( 87 ) on. This countercurrent ( 87 ) counteracts the falling speed of the water droplets. The size of the counterflow ( 87 ) depends on the size of the volume flow, which is controlled by the check valves ( 37 ) and the throttle valves ( 39 ) in the lines ( 36 ) and (38) and the speed of the fan ( 23 ) can be regulated, depending. The flow rate is measured with the measuring orifice ( 34 ) measured. Depending on the countercurrent ( 87 ) the water droplets ( 6th ) braked in their case or promoted upwards. As a result, the water droplets from the spray cone ( 46 ), which leads to an enlargement of the droplets.

A pulsating countercurrent that can be generated by opening and closing the gate valve ( 16 ) and the shut-off valve ( 37 ) on the line ( 38 ) is reached, the freezing time and the water ice particles ( 90 ) can also be influenced.

When the water droplet cools down ( 11 ) the heat is extracted from the water and the water droplets ( 11 ) surrounding standing gas jacket heats up and reduces the cooling rate. If the gas jacket is removed and the ambient temperature is kept constant, the cooling rate is also kept constant. This is achieved by opening the valve ( 29 ) in the cooling line for water droplets ( 55 ) is opened and the liquid nitrogen from the cooling nozzle ( 10 ) in the water cooling ring ( 8th ) on the from the drip nozzle ( 6th ) in the distributor head ( 9 ) escaping water droplets ( 11 ) is sprayed. The amount of nitrogen released is determined by the dosage ( 30th ) regulated.

In the cooling area ( 88 ) the conical cooling tube ( 13th ) several baffle plates ( 25th ) built in which allows the relatively even counterflow ( 87 ) should interfere and thus a collision of the partially frozen water droplets ( 11 ) enable. Meet the partially frozen drops of water ( 11 ) on one of the baffle plates ( 25th ) or there is a collision between the water droplets ( 11 ) these burst apart and angular fragments arise.

The produced water ice collects in the collecting area ( 89 ) the conical cooling tube ( 13th ) and is moved by the inflowing cold nitrogen gas and is further cooled at the same time. The amount of the collection area ( 89 ) located water ice ( 90 ) corresponds to the sum of the water control block ( 43 ), via the lines ( 86 ) with display for dripping water ( 91 ) and over the line ( 85 ) with display for spray water ( 92 ), amount of water dispensed.

Is a certain amount of water ice ( 90 ), the water output of the water control block ( 43 ) interrupted and the valve ( 29 ) in the cooling line for water droplets ( 55 ) and the shut-off valve ( 37 ) on the line ( 38 ) as well as the locking slide ( 16 ) closed. The transport and storage container ( 19th ) with the closed locking slide ( 32 ) is attached to the adapter ( 31 ) attached. The transport and storage container ( 19th ) was cooled with nitrogen immediately before connection. Is the transport and storage container ( 19th ) are connected, the locking slides ( 32 ), the filling slide ( 18th ) and the locking slide ( 16 ) open. The manufactured water ice ( 90 ) in the collection area ( 89 ) is due to the higher pressure in the cryo-tube ( 1 ), into the transport and storage container ( 19th ) pressed. Is the desired amount of water ice ( 90 ) the gate valve ( 16 ) and the locking slide ( 32 ) closed. The transport and storage container ( 19th ) is removed and taken to the blasting machine ( 64 ), then the filling slide ( 18th ) closed.

The transport and storage container ( 19th ) is rotated by 180 ° and placed on the adapter ( 65 ) the blasting machine ( 64 ) set. Once the intended temperature of approx. - 75 ° C has been reached in the blasting system, the compressed air supply is opened and the blasting machine ( 64 ) blown dry. This is for the purpose of any condensation from the jet machine ( 64 ) to remove. The compressed air is converted into jet air ( 82 ) and transport air ( 81 ) divided. The dry ice chamber ( 68 ) is made with dry ice ( 93 ) filled and the lid ( 71 ) closed. The transport and storage container ( 19th ) is, after it has been rotated by 180 °, on the adapter ( 65 ) is set and the locking slide ( 32 ) open. The water ice ( 90 ) falls into the water ice chamber ( 67 ). The metering rollers ( 78 ) and (79), which are driven separately, transport the water ice ( 90 ) and the dry ice ( 93 ) into the injector ( 80 ). Since the metering rollers ( 78 ) and (79) are driven separately, any mix of abrasives ( 94 ) getting produced. The abrasive mixture ( 94 ) is caused by the transport air ( 81 ) from the injector ( 80 ) conveyed to the blasting gun and there with the blasting air ( 82 ) merged.

Due to the different combination of water ice ( 90 ) with predominantly mechanical properties, with dry ice ( 93 ) with predominantly thermal properties, there is an aggressive but nevertheless gentle blasting agent mixture ( 94 ) to disposal.

The special blasting system ( 95 ), for short-term cleaning of jet engines on the gate, as only 15 to 20 minutes are available for cleaning and the abrasive is largely transported by the idle flow of the jet engine, for a relatively high abrasive throughput of 25 to 60 kg each Use, designed with low jet gas consumption.

The transport container ( 97 ) the special blasting system ( 95 ) becomes, with the cone ( 98 ) to the top, filled with a water ice-dry ice mixture or only with deep-cold water ice from the mixing container attached to the cryo-tube. After filling, the shut-off valve ( 99 ) closed and the transport container ( 97 ) separated from the filling station. In the special blasting system ( 95 ) the transport container ( 97 ), with the cone ( 98 ) down, onto the adapter ( 100 ) set. On the adapter ( 100 ) the dosage is ( 112 ) and the injector ( 102 ) assembled. The desired throughput is set in the dosage ( 112 ) with the help of the regulated motor ( 109 ) realized. At the injector ( 102 ) is on one side of the transport gas hose ( 103 ) with the gas valve ( 104 ) assembled. On the other side is the abrasive hose ( 105 ) with the pressure valve ( 107 ) attached, which contains the blasting agent mixture ( 101 ) from the injector ( 102 ) to the jet nozzle ( 106 ) directs.

To the gas valve ( 104 ) the jet gas supply ( 103 ) connected, which either takes the gas supply from a separate gas station ( 111 ) or from a compressed air station to the special blasting system ( 95 ) allows. The gas station ( 111 ) consists primarily of a transportable pallet tank that can provide cold, dry nitrogen gas as the transport gas, at low pressure but in sufficient quantities.

Another version of the gas station ( 111 ) is the use of a compressor with a downstream adsorption dryer, which dries the compressed air to a dew point of - 40 ° C in order to avoid condensation within the hose routing.

Is the transport container ( 97 ) in the frame ( 96 ) is inserted and the injector ( 102 ) and the dosage ( 112 ) connected, the actual cleaning process of the jet engine can begin. To do this, the gas flow from the gas station ( 111 ) or from the compressed air station to the gas valve ( 104 ) open. Then the gas valve ( 104 ) and the pressure valve ( 107 ) opened to connect the transport gas hose ( 103 ) and the abrasive hose ( 105 ) and the injector ( 102 ) to blow empty or dry. When the shut-off valve is opened ( 99 ) the blasting media mixture reaches ( 101 ), by its own weight and supported by the internal pressure, into the dosage ( 112 ) and further into the injector ( 102 ). With the dosage ( 112 ) the input quantity can be regulated relatively finely. However, if a high throughput is to be achieved, it is cheaper without the dosage ( 112 ) and throughput with the variation of the internal pressure in the transport container ( 97 ) to regulate. This is done by adding gaseous nitrogen ( 108 ) via the shut-off valve ( 110 ) reached. The supply of nitrogen with a pressure that must be higher than that of the jet gas leads to an increase in pressure in the transport container ( 97 ) and thus to a higher amount of abrasive in the injector ( 102 )

In the injector ( 102 ) the blasting gas is mixed with the abrasive mixture ( 101 ) and to the nozzle ( 106 ) guided. The nozzle ( 106 ) is guided by a robot in the immediate vicinity of the engine axis and blows the blasting agent mixture ( 101 ) into the gas flow generated by the engine and is conveyed further into the engine by this relatively uniform gas flow. The angle between the engine axis and the center line of the nozzle ( 106 ) is constantly changed by the robot during the cleaning process. The change in the jet angle has the effect that the relatively laminar gas flow in the compressor of the jet turbine is disturbed and thus positively supports the effect of the abrasive water ice. The pulsating blowing in of the blasting agent mixture also supports the effect of the water ice ( 101 ), in which the internal pressure in the transport container ( 97 ) is changed by alternating introduction of nitrogen. Because the entire technology, including the robot, is mounted on a special vehicle, and the robot via various programs that are dependent on the jet engine all preparatory work can be carried out in a central workshop. After the aircraft has reached its position at the gate, the cleaning vehicle moves into position. The nozzle ( 106 ) is moved by the robot in front of the engine axis. This point is the starting point or zero point for the cleaning program of the robot. Does the nozzle ( 106 ) reaches this point, the program created for the engine is started and executed.

In picture 4th is a multi-chamber device for the production of deep-cold water ice with 6 flow segments ( 119 ) shown. To a cylindrical jacket ( 118 ) becomes a cone ( 120 ) and a collar ( 121 ) welded on. In the cylindrical jacket ( 118 ) the stake ( 122 ), consisting of the cylinder ( 123 ) with welded-on cone ( 124 ) and welded ribs ( 125 ), as well as the attached ring ( 126 ), hung so that it is firmly on the collar ( 121 ) rests. Between the cylinder ( 123 ), the ribs ( 125 ) and the inner wall of the jacket ( 118 ) the flow channel is created ( 127 ). The motor ( 128 ) sucks through the suction nozzle ( 129 ) and the pipe ( 130 ) the cold nitrogen gas in the upper area of the cylindrical jacket ( 118 ) and pushes it through the pressure pipe ( 131 ) into the flow channel ( 127 ). The lid ( 132 ) with the distributor head ( 133 ) form the top of the cryo-tube.

Via the nitrogen ring ( 134 ) with the nozzles ( 135 ) the nitrogen required to cool the cryo-tube is fed into the interior ( 136 ) sprayed. Via the nitrogen ring ( 137 ) with the nozzles ( 138 ) the nitrogen required to cool the water and generate a flow is introduced.

The water spray nozzles ( 139 ) are heated and allow water to be sprayed in for further ice formation.

After the interior ( 136 ) by spraying nitrogen through the nitrogen ring ( 134 ) with the nozzles ( 135 ) has been cooled to the required temperature, the drop valve ( 140 ) opened and the pressure chamber ( 144 ) so far with water ( 145 ) filled until the specified pressure on the pressure indicator ( 141 ) is reached. Once the specified pressure has been reached, the water droplets ( 143 ) with the required differential pressure from the drip nozzles ( 142 ) of the distributor head ( 133 ) in the interior ( 136 ) of the cryo-tube. At the same time, the ice bodies that are forming are removed from the water spray nozzles ( 136 ) and the spray valve ( 146 ) sprayed again with water so that another ice coat forms. The nitrogen required for ice formation on the re-applied water layer and for removing the gas envelope that forms on the ice bodies is discharged through the nozzles ( 138 ) on the nitrogen ring ( 137 ) brought in. All nozzles are controlled according to a program created in tests.

The injection of water and nitrogen, as well as the blower ( 128 ) generated currents, ensure that the water ice particles that have already formed are swirled through and thus enable the multiple application of water and the formation of several layers of ice.

The finished cryogenic water ice ( 147 ) cone collects ( 120 ) and is at the outlet ( 148 ) through the removal device ( 149 ) deducted.

List of reference symbols

1

Cryo-tube

2

Inner jacket

3

Cover part

4th

Bottom part

5

cover

6th

Drip nozzle

7th

bracket

8th

Water cooling ring

9

Distributor head

10

Cooling nozzle

11

Water droplets

12th

Outlet opening

13th

conical cooling tube

14th

Adjusting screw

15th

flange

16

Gate valve

17th

Tee

18th

Filling slide

19th

Transport and storage containers

20th

Spray ring

21

Suction nozzle

22nd

pipe

23

fan

24

pipe

25th

Baffle plate

26th

Water tank

27

tank

28

Chain

29

Shut-off valve

30th

dosage

31

adapter

32

Locking slide

33

Spray nozzle

34

Orifice plate

35

Tee

36

pipe

37

Check valve

38

pipe

39

Throttle valve

40

Pressure chamber

41

Drip valve

42

water

43

Water control block

44

Spray valve

45

Spray nozzle

46

Spray cone

47

Flow path

48

Pressure relief valve

49

pump

50

management

51

Pressure relief valve

52

Safety shut-off valve

53

Flow meter

54

Cooling line cryo-tube

55

Cooling pipe for water droplets

56

Cryo-tube pressure display

57

Pressure display distributor head

58

Drain valve

59

Nitrogen line

60

node

61

pressure vessel

62

insulating coat

63

Pressure relief valve

64

Shot blasting machine

65

adapter

66

Connecting piece

67

Water ice chamber

68

Dry ice chamber

69

Safety valve

70

Support

71

cover

72

Support

73

compressor

74

Condenser

75

Evaporator

76

Supply line

77

Reflux line

78

Dosing roller

79

Dosing roller

80

Injector

81

Transport air connection

82

Jet air

83

Water valve

84

isolation

85

management

86

management

87

Countercurrent

88

Cooling area

89

Collection area

90

Water ice

91

Display for dripping water

92

Display for water spray

93

Dry ice

94

Blasting media mixture

95

Special blasting system

96

frame

97

Transport container

98

cone

99

Check valve

100

adapter

101

Blasting media mixture

102

Injector

103

Feeding jet gas

104

Gas valve

105

Abrasive hose

106

jet

107

Pressure valve

108

Supply of nitrogen

109

engine

110

Check valve

111

Gas station

112

dosage

113

isolation

114

inner space

115

compressor

116

Evaporator

117

Cooling pipe

118

coat

119

Flow segment

120

cone

121

collar

122

commitment

123

cylinder

124

cone

125

rib

126

ring

127

Flow channel

128

engine

129

Suction nozzle

130

pipe

131

Pressure pipe

132

cover

133

Distributor head

134

Nitrogen ring

135

jet

136

inner space

137

Nitrogen ring

138

jet

139

Water spray nozzle

140

Drip valve

141

Pressure gauge

142

Drip nozzles

143

Waterdrop

144

Printing room

145

water

146

Spray valve

147

cryogenic water ice

148

Outlet

149

Extraction device

150

Scraper

151

Filling space

Independent protection is claimed for a method for producing the blasting agent according to the invention for blasting bodies, surfaces, interiors and the like, from solidified water, which at a temperature of + 1 ° C to + 95 ° C in a temperature of up to - 185 ° C cold nitrogen atmosphere, is introduced by dropping and spraying or injecting, the cold atmosphere being moved in such a way that its flow, through appropriate guide devices, at different speeds, counteracts the direction of injection.

Furthermore, independent protection is claimed for a device for producing a blasting agent for blasting bodies, surfaces, interiors and the like. Which has specially solidified water and is preferably characterized by the fact that a targeted, variable in intensity flow in the device, the direction of flow of the counteracts introduced water and thus extends the cooling time of the water ice particles.

Furthermore, independent protection is claimed for the blasting media produced according to the invention that has solidified water and can be produced in several layers.

Furthermore, independent protection is claimed for a method for blasting bodies, surfaces, interiors and the like. The blasting agent produced _{according to the invention is used, mixed with CO 2} particles if necessary and treated in such a way that it does not mix with the ambient air or components of the device have the ambient temperature, comes into contact.

Furthermore, independent protection is claimed for the blasting abrasive produced according to the invention, which has special shapes and sizes, different due to the type of production process, and can be produced in a range of 0.4 to 8 mm, preferably 1 to 6 mm for compacting surfaces .

Furthermore, independent protection is claimed for a device that _{enables blasting with deep-cold water ice or with CO 2} particles or with a mixture of deep-cold water ice and CO ₂ particles and, due to its construction, condensate formation and the formation of a water film on the deep-cold water ice particles prevented.

Furthermore, independent protection is requested for a method for cleaning jet engines using the cryogenic water ice produced according to the invention, which enables effective cleaning on the gate at a low noise level by pulsing the blasting agent with low pressure and at variable jet angles.

• Fertigung von tiefkalten Wassereis-Partikeln unterschiedlicher Form und Größe nach einem vorgegebenen Programmablauf.
• Auswechselbare Tropfenbildner zur Herstellung von Wassereis-Tropfen unterschiedlicher Größen und Formen bei gleichen Parametern
• Regelbare und getrennte Stickstoffzufuhr für die Erzeugung eines kalten Gasstromes und zur Kühlung der Wassertröpfchen.
• Gezielte Fertigung von Gemischen aus Wassereis-Partikeln mit unterschiedlichen Größen und Formen der einzelnen Partikel.
• Möglichkeit das Wassereis bei kontinuierlicher Fertigung zu entnehmen.
• Mittel die Einwirkzeit der Umgebungstemperatur auf die Wassertröpfchen zu erhöhen. Möglichkeit das tiefkalte Wassereis nach der Fertigung mit CO₂-Partikeln so zu mischen, das eine Kondensatbildung verhindert wird.
• Mittel, das nach dem Zusammenführen entstehende CO₂-Gas als Schutzgas gegen Erwärmung und Umgebungsluft einzusetzen und/oder zur Kühlung des Wassereises einzusetzen;

Further particularly advantageous features of the invention are:

• Production of cryogenic water ice particles of different shapes and sizes according to a specified program sequence.
• Interchangeable droplet formers for the production of water ice droplets of different sizes and shapes with the same parameters
• Controllable and separate nitrogen supply for generating a cold gas flow and for cooling the water droplets.
• Targeted production of mixtures of water ice particles with different sizes and shapes of the individual particles.
• Possibility to remove the water ice during continuous production.
• Means to increase the exposure time of the ambient temperature to the water droplets. Possibility of mixing the deep-cold water ice with CO ₂ particles after production in such a way that condensation is prevented.
• Means to use the CO ₂ gas produced after the merging as a protective gas against heating and ambient air and / or to use it to cool the water ice;

It has become clear that the present invention provides a novel manufacturing method that can produce water ice particles in a novel way from water with a high variable cooling rate and thus with different hardness and in different sizes and layers, by extending the cooling time by generating a countercurrent and, if necessary _{, can merge with CO 2} particles, so that a stable, aggressive but nonetheless gently working CO ₂ water ice mixture is created.

Numerous advantages of the present invention have become clear from the preceding illustration. The main ones to be mentioned are:

A blasting agent is available that combines the advantageous mechanical effect of solid water ice and the thermal advantages of CO ₂ blasting technology.

The hardness and aggressiveness of the water ice or the CO ₂ water ice mixture can be specifically adapted to the component to be cleaned and the contamination.

It has proven to be particularly advantageous that there is also the possibility of using the blasting agent according to the invention to clean large components in the installed state without the need for time-consuming installation and removal, since no solid components remain

The multi-layer structure of the blasting agent according to the invention made of solidified water has also proven to be very advantageous, since its special fracture behavior enables the cleaning of planes lying one behind the other, for example in jet engines.

The CO ₂ water ice mixture can be used in conjunction with a specially prepared, warm compressed air stream to clean unheated components while maintaining a certain temperature difference between the component and the CO ₂ water ice mixture.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• WO 2003101667 A1 [0005]
• DE 10309191 A1 [0006]
• DE 102009027974 B4 [0007]
• DE 102004057665 A1 [0008]
• DE 202010000713 U1 [0009]
• DE 19636305 C1 [0010]
• EP 1977859 A1 [0011]
• DE 10010012 A1 [0014]
• DE 20115013 U1 [0014]
• DE 10036557 A1 [0015, 0026]
• DE 3505675 A1 [0016]
• DE 102006002653 B4 [0017]
• DE 3434163 A1 [0018]
• US 5785581 [0019]
• DE 68914657 T2 [0020, 0028]
• EP 0225081 A1 [0021]
• DE 102010020618 A1 [0022]
• WO 2015/074765 A1 [0023]
• DE 102015209994 A1 [0024, 0026]
• US 4974375 [0028]
• WO 2015/074765 [0046]

Claims (12)

A method for producing a solid cryogenic blasting agent from water for cleaning bodies, surfaces, interiors and the like., Characterized in that water from a heatable distributor head at a low pressure of 0.1 to 1.2 bar, preferably 0.3 to 0 , 8 bar above the internal pressure of the cryo-tube from several drip nozzles, of the same or different shape and size, dripped into the cryogenic nitrogen atmosphere of a closed cryo-tube and at the same time water at a higher pressure of 2.0 to 6.0 bar, preferably 1 , 8 to 2.8 bar, above the internal pressure of the cryo-tube from one or more, identical or different, spray nozzles, is sprayed in. Procedure according to Claim 1 , characterized in that the introduced water is braked in free fall by a closed counter-current of variable intensity, generated by one or more fans, and thus the freezing time is lengthened. Procedure according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the water droplets, which have already been partially frozen in the cryo-tube due to the high temperature difference of 160 ° C to 200 ° C, are sprayed one or more times with water from nozzles that are attached to each other in pairs so that thin layers of water form on the partially frozen water droplets and at the same time the counteraction of the opposite nozzles reduces the spray width of the nozzles due to the collision of the spray droplets and further drops are formed Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the nitrogen required for production is supplied in a regulated manner in two separate sections with different tasks, one task being the specified operating temperature in the range from -120 ° C to 185 ° C, preferably -160 ° C to -175 ° C and, in a further task, to dose the amount of nitrogen in such a way that it corresponds to the amount of water to be introduced and the required ice temperature and is introduced at the same time as the amount of water introduced. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the exit surfaces of the drip nozzles have different shapes and roughness, so that using the adhesive forces and surface tension, drops of different sizes, with the same flow rate and the same pressure, are produced. Device for producing a solid blasting agent from water for cleaning bodies, surfaces, interiors and the like., Characterized in that in a closed tube, the interior of which is either provided with a conical cooling tube or divided into several flow segments by an exchangeable insert, by relaxing from pressurized nitrogen, a cold atmosphere with a temperature <-125 ° C can be created, in which water at low pressure, for example from a heatable distributor head, simultaneously from several identical or different drip nozzles, which are connected by a common pressure chamber 0.1 to 1.2 bar above the internal pressure of the cryo-tube, preferably 0.8 bar, added dropwise and from several spray nozzles of the same or different design, water at a higher pressure, for example 2.0 to 6.0 bar above the internal pressure the cryo-tube, preferably 3.0 to 4.0 bar, is sprayed. Device according to Claim 6 For producing a solid blasting agent from water for cleaning bodies, surfaces, interiors and the like., characterized in that the cold nitrogen gas in the upper area of the cryo-tube is sucked off with the help of one or more blowers and is injected centrally in the lower part of the interior that in the conical cooling tube a uniform flow structure, which decreases with increasing diameter of the conical cooling tube, is achieved, which brakes the frozen or partially frozen water droplets in certain levels, depending on the size of the water droplet, and thus the build-up of a further layer of ice by spraying the spray nozzle. Device according to one of the Claims 6 and 7th For producing a solid blasting agent from water for cleaning bodies, surfaces, interiors and the like., characterized in that several flow segments are created by an exchangeable insert, which form a flow channel between the jacket and cylinder of the insert and in each flow channel via a adjustable fan, which allows the amount and speed of the cold nitrogen gas sucked in the upper area of the cryo-tube and blown in in the lower area of the flow channel to be controlled so that the frozen or partially frozen water droplets are blown back into the interior at different speeds resulting turbulence, which is caused by the different speeds in the various flow channels in the interior, as well as by the additional spraying of water enable the formation of one or more additional layers of ice. Process for blasting bodies, surfaces, interiors and. The like., characterized in that a blasting agent, produced according to one of the preceding claims, is used, which can be mixed with another blasting agent, preferably with thermally acting dry ice particles, to increase its mechanical effect immediately before blasting, the mixing ratio can be changed during the blasting process Device for blasting bodies, surfaces, interiors and. The like., characterized in that the blasting media area has two separate blasting media chambers, a water ice chamber and a dry ice chamber, both of which have their own metering roller, which meter the blasting media into the injector via spirally arranged metering grooves and is enclosed by a cooling system that covers the entire cools the abrasive area to a temperature between - 40 ° C and - 90 ° C, preferably - 60 ° C, and thus keeps the two abrasives operational and the blasting either with cryogenic water ice or with dry ice or with a variable mixture of cryogenic water and Dry ice enables. Device according to Claim 10 for blasting bodies, surfaces, interiors and the like, characterized in that the direction of rotation of the metering rollers is set so that the spiral-shaped metering grooves are filled with blasting media in the ascending area and the excess blasting media is returned at the highest point of the rotary movement by a scraper is pushed into the filling area Device according to one of the Claims 10 and 11 For blasting bodies, surfaces, interiors and the like, characterized in that the blasting media chambers are hermetically sealed and the negative pressure in the blasting chambers caused by the blasting media removal is compensated for by a compensating line from the transport air connection.

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