DE102019218126A1 - Hybrid component - Google Patents

Abstract

Hybrid component with a rod-shaped body (2) made of fiber-reinforced plastic, which extends in an axial direction (x), and a metal body (3) which encloses the rod-shaped body (2) in an axial end region (4), characterized in that between the rod-shaped body (2) and the metal body (3) in the axial direction (x) a free space (8) is provided in which a spacer (9) is arranged, by means of which the rod-shaped body (2) axially on the metal body (3) is supported, and when a maximum force (F) of the rod-shaped body (2) acting on the metal body (3) in the axial direction (x) of the spacer (9) is at least partially deformable or destructible, so that the rod-shaped body ( 2) can be moved into the free space (8).

Description

The invention relates to a hybrid component with a rod-shaped body made of fiber-reinforced plastic, which extends in an axial direction, and a metal body which encloses the rod-shaped body in an axial end region.

Chassis for motor vehicles of all types are subject to a precisely defined chain of sacrifices in the event of overload due to incorrect behavior by the driver or in the event of a crash. Suspension drivers who sacrifice themselves first must also have a specific failure pattern. The requirement "deformation before break" means that the component deforms from a previously defined overload in such a way that in the event of damage, e.g. when sliding sideways against a curb, the handlebars deform in such a way that the driver, if he the event could continue, for example a tilted steering wheel is instructed to visit a workshop. A tilted steering wheel is caused, for example, by at least one of the handlebars deforming on impact in such a way that it no longer has the original length.

A buckling load window is defined in technical terms. This specifies the forces at which the handlebar may permanently deform but not break. Breakage is only permitted with even larger loads, which then also result in a total loss. The previous standard handlebars are therefore all made of materials that have a breaking strength> 10%. For example, a U-shaped sheet metal profile, which forms a two-point link, has a small notch in the profile that, when overloaded, represents the nucleus for a defined kink. However, components made of glass fiber reinforced plastic (GRP) or carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) do not exhibit this deformation behavior. A stress-strain diagram of e.g. glass or carbon fibers shows a rather straight curve without a pronounced flow area until it breaks. Also, aluminum die-cast parts are only suitable to a limited extent for reproducing such deformations with repeat accuracy. In addition, aluminum materials processed in the die-casting process rarely have such high elongation at break. Nevertheless, the hybrid construction is desired, as it enables up to 50% of the weight to be saved at roughly the same cost.

Proceeding from this, the invention is based on the object of developing a hybrid component of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that it changes its dimensions from a predetermined maximum load, but still remains functional.

This object is achieved by a hybrid component according to claim 1. Preferred developments of the hybrid component are given in the following description and in the subclaims.

A hybrid component with a rod-shaped body made of fiber-reinforced plastic that extends in an axial direction and a metal body that encloses the rod-shaped body in an axial end region is developed according to the invention in particular in that a free space is provided in the axial direction between the rod-shaped body and the metal body is, in which a spacer, in particular at least partially, is arranged, by means of which the rod-shaped body is axially supported on the metal body, and that when a maximum force acting by the rod-shaped body on the metal body in the axial direction is reached or exceeded, the spacer is at least partially deformable and / or is destructible, so that the rod-shaped body, in particular axially, can be moved into the free space, preferably up to the stop on the metal body.

When the maximum force acting from the rod-shaped body on the metal body in the axial direction is reached or exceeded, the spacer is at least partially deformed and / or destroyed, so that the rod-shaped body, in particular axially, engages in the free space, preferably up to the stop on the metal body. The hybrid component is thus shortened axially, but basically remains functional.

A longitudinal axis running in the axial direction is preferably assigned to the rod-shaped body. One or any direction running transversely to the axial direction and / or transversely to the longitudinal axis is referred to in particular as a radial direction.

The metal body is preferably connected to the rod-shaped body, in particular in the end region, preferably in a form-fitting and / or frictional-fitting manner. The rod-shaped body is advantageously designed to be rotationally symmetrical, in particular with respect to the longitudinal axis. For example, the rod-shaped body is or will be produced in a pultrusion process.

The spacer is preferably designed to be rotationally symmetrical, in particular with respect to the longitudinal axis. The spacer preferably forms a dimensionally stable body. The spacer is made of metal or plastic, for example.

According to one embodiment, the fiber-reinforced plastic comprises fibers. In particular, the fibers of the fiber-reinforced plastic are continuous fibers. The fiber-reinforced plastic can thus, for example, also be referred to as continuous fiber-reinforced plastic. For example, the fibers of the fiber-reinforced plastic are or comprise glass fibers and / or carbon fibers. The fibers preferably extend in the axial direction.

The fiber-reinforced plastic preferably comprises a matrix. In particular, the fibers are embedded in the matrix. The matrix is preferably made of plastic, in particular a thermosetting plastic. For example, the matrix forms a thermosetting matrix. The matrix advantageously consists of resin or synthetic resin. For example, the matrix consists of epoxy resin. Alternatively, the matrix can consist of a thermoplastic material. In particular, the matrix forms a thermoplastic matrix.

According to one development, the metal body is a cast part, preferably a die-cast part. In particular, the rod-shaped body is embedded with its end region in the metal body and / or in its material. The metal body is preferably made of aluminum.

According to one embodiment, the rod-shaped body is designed as a tube, in particular at least in the end region. The pipe and / or the rod-shaped body preferably has a pipe wall delimiting a pipe interior.

The tube and / or the rod-shaped body preferably has, in particular in the axial direction, an end-face tube opening provided in the end region. The spacer is advantageously inserted through the pipe opening into the pipe interior. The pipe opening is preferably closed, preferably tightly, by the spacer. In particular, the spacer forms a stopper. This is useful so that no molten metal penetrates into the interior of the pipe when the metal body is manufactured in the die-casting process.

According to a further development, in particular in the end region of the rod-shaped body, sits on the rod-shaped body an annular sleeve embedded in the metal body and / or in its material, which preferably rests with its, in particular axial, ends on the rod-shaped body, preferably tightly, and / or between its, in particular axial, ends has at least one, in particular radial, protrusion which protrudes in the direction of the rod-shaped body and is pressed into the rod-shaped body and / or into its material. As a result, the rod-shaped body is positively connected to the metal body. This form fit is particularly suitable for the die casting process. The form fit is preferably produced on the basis of a casting pressure during die casting. Alternatively, the form fit can be implemented in a previous step using a suitable tool. The sleeve is also known as a claw collar, for example. The at least one projection of the sleeve preferably comprises or forms one or at least one cutting edge. For example, the at least one projection is provided axially centrally on the sleeve. The sleeve is preferably designed to be rotationally symmetrical, in particular with respect to the longitudinal axis. The sleeve is made of metal or plastic, for example.

According to one embodiment, the metal body has at least one, in particular radial, projection protruding in the direction of the rod-shaped body, which engages in at least one, in particular radial, recess provided in the rod-shaped body, preferably in the end region of the rod-shaped body. As a result, the rod-shaped body is positively connected to the metal body. For example, this projection and this recess are ring-shaped. Preferably, the spacer, preferably inside the pipe and / or in the pipe interior, has in its outer surface facing the pipe wall at least one, in particular radial, recess into which the pipe wall is pressed and / or molded to form the at least one, in particular radial, recess . This form fit is particularly suitable for the die casting process. The form fit is preferably produced on the basis of a casting pressure during die casting. Alternatively, the form fit can be implemented in a previous step using a suitable tool. The at least one recess is preferably provided between the, in particular axial, ends of the spacer. The, in particular axial, ends of the section of the spacer inserted into the pipe interior preferably bear, advantageously radially, on the rod-shaped body and / or on the pipe wall. For example, the at least one recess is ring-shaped.

According to one development, the spacer is supported axially on the metal body with a central region, preferably outside the rod-shaped body and / or the pipe and / or the pipe interior. For example, the spacer has a convex contact surface in the central area, which is in axial contact with a concave contact surface provided on the metal body. The convex contact surface is curved towards the metal body in particular in the axial direction.

The spacer preferably has a shear area, in particular from the or a central area of the spacer, radially protruding and / or surrounding the or a central area of the spacer, on which in particular the tube and / or the rod-shaped body is axially supported. The free space advantageously adjoins the shear area in the axial direction. The free space is preferably or forms an annular space. Preferably the shear area is integral with the Central area and / or formed with the spacer. The shear area is advantageously designed to be ring-shaped. In particular, the spacer is arranged with its shear area in the free space. The shear area is advantageously provided outside the rod-shaped body and / or the tube and / or the interior of the tube. In particular, the rod-shaped body rests axially and / or on the end face against the shear area. The shear area is also known as a flange, for example.

Preferably, when the maximum force acting from the rod-shaped body on the metal body in the axial direction is reached or exceeded, the shear area can be bent and / or sheared off or bent and / or sheared off by the spacer and / or from the central area. In particular, the rod-shaped body is or is thereby, preferably axially, indentable or indented into the free space, preferably up to the stop on the metal body. Preferably, the spacer is or will be at least partially deformable and / or destructible or deformed and / or destroyed in that the shear area can be bent and / or sheared off or bent and / or sheared off from the spacer and / or from the central area.

According to one embodiment, the hybrid component is or forms a chassis component which is installed in particular in the chassis of a vehicle, which is preferably a motor vehicle. For example, the hybrid component forms a suspension arm, such as a wishbone or a trailing arm.

1. 1) Bei der Herstellung des Hybridbauteils unter Verwendung des Druckgussverfahrens zur Herstellung des Metallkörpers verdampft die Metallschmelze die Matrix des faserverstärkten Kunststoffs und legt dessen Fasern frei. An die Stellen fehlender Matrix fließt dann flüssiges Metall, vorzugsweise Aluminium und verbindet sich formschlüssig, oberflächlich mit den Fasern und/oder mit dem faserverstärkten Kunststoff. Je länger die Metallschmelze einwirkt, desto tiefer ist insbesondere die Eindringtiefe des Metalls.
2. 2) Durch einen Schrumpf, insbesondere bis zu 3%, beim Abkühlen der Metallschmelze erhöht sich die Vorspannung dieses Formschlusses.
3. 3) Der mit der Ausnehmung versehene, insbesondere taillierte, Abstandshalter (Stopfen) bringt durch die Verformung der Rohrwandung aufgrund des Gießdruckes weiteren Formschluss.
4. 4) Zusätzlich verhindert der Stopfen, dass sich das Rohr durch die Auszugs- oder Druckkraft im Durchmesser verkleinert, und sich so herausziehen könnte (insbesondere hervorgerufen durch das kleinere E-Modul der Epoxid-Matrix).
5. 5) Die Hülse oder Krallmanschette krallt sich durch den Gießdruck in die Oberfläche des Rohrs aus faserverstärktem Kunststoff und erhöht somit ebenfalls den Formschluss.

In order to ensure a change in length when the hybrid component is overloaded, a construction was chosen in which the rod-shaped body and the metal component can functionally slide into one another in a non-destructive manner. The positive and / or frictional connection between the rod-shaped body made of fiber-reinforced plastic, especially designed as a tube, and the metal body is composed in particular of several components:

1. 1) During the production of the hybrid component using the die-casting process to produce the metal body, the molten metal evaporates the matrix of the fiber-reinforced plastic and exposes its fibers. Liquid metal, preferably aluminum, then flows to the points of missing matrix and connects in a form-fitting manner, superficially with the fibers and / or with the fiber-reinforced plastic. The longer the molten metal acts, the deeper, in particular, the depth of penetration of the metal.
2. 2) As a result of shrinkage, in particular up to 3%, when the molten metal cools, the pretensioning of this form fit increases.
3. 3) The spacer (stopper) provided with the recess, in particular waisted, brings about a further form fit due to the deformation of the pipe wall due to the casting pressure.
4. 4) In addition, the stopper prevents the tube from shrinking in diameter due to the pull-out or pressure force and thus being pulled out (in particular caused by the smaller E-module of the epoxy matrix).
5. 5) The sleeve or claw collar digs into the surface of the pipe made of fiber-reinforced plastic due to the casting pressure and thus also increases the form fit.

With these five components, in particular, the maximum holding force can be set. If even higher forces (such as misuse) are introduced, the component length should change due to deformation.

When all five components of the positive locking forces have been used up and the highest force occurs in the pressure direction and / or in the axial direction, the fiber-reinforced plastic tube slides inward and / or axially into the metal body and / or into the free space. The shear area (flange) of the plug, which is the last component in the power flow chain, sets the maximum force to be endured, is sheared off and folds into the ring-shaped free space. The way is now free so that the pipe can move axially into the metal body up to the stop on the metal body with maximum friction, which the five force components still generate. Since these high forces are only temporary impulses, a few millimeters are sufficient until the impulse has subsided. After this event, the component is still intact and can continue to absorb tensile and compressive forces in the shortened state.

The free space can preferably be seen from the outside. As a result, after reaching or exceeding a maximum force acting in the axial direction from the rod-shaped body on the metal body, the rod-shaped body indented into the free space can be recognized. In particular, the metal body has at least one material cutout in the area of the free space. Due to the material cutout, the free space can be seen from the outside. The material cutout can be configured like a gap. The material cut-out enables a simple visual inspection, especially when installed. In this way, it can be recognized in a simple and at the same time reliable way whether or not an overload has occurred Not. If an overload is detected, the hybrid component can be replaced.

The invention further relates to the use of a spacer for a hybrid component with a rod-shaped body made of fiber-reinforced plastic and a metal body which extends in an axial direction and encloses the rod-shaped body in an axial end region, with between the rod-shaped body and the metal body in the axial direction a free space is provided in which the or a spacer, in particular at least partially, is or is arranged, by means of which the rod-shaped body is axially supported on the metal body, and when one of the rod-shaped body is reached or exceeded on the metal body in the axial direction acting maximum force of the spacer is at least partially deformed and / or destroyed, so that the rod-shaped body, in particular axially, engages in the free space, preferably up to the stop on the metal body.

When used, the hybrid component and / or the spacer can be developed in accordance with all of the configurations explained in connection with the hybrid component.

• 1 eine Draufsicht auf ein Hybridbauteil gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform,
• 2 einen Längsschnitt des Hybridbauteils gemäß der ersten Ausführungsform und
• 3 einen Längsschnitt eines Hybridbauteils gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform.

The invention is described below on the basis of preferred embodiments with reference to the drawing. In the drawing show:

• 1 a plan view of a hybrid component according to a first embodiment,
• 2 a longitudinal section of the hybrid component according to the first embodiment and
• 3rd a longitudinal section of a hybrid component according to a second embodiment.

Out 1 Figure 3 is a plan view of a hybrid device 1 can be seen according to a first embodiment, wherein the hybrid component has a rod-shaped body extending in an axial direction x 2 made of fiber-reinforced plastic and a metal body 3rd having the rod-shaped body 2 in an axial end area 4th encloses. The hybrid component 1 is a longitudinal axis extending in the axial direction x 12th assigned, with respect to which the rod-shaped body 2 is rotationally symmetrical. A longitudinal section of the hybrid component 1 along the longitudinal axis 12th is in 2 shown.

The rod-shaped body 2 is as a tube with a tube interior 5 limiting pipe wall 6th and one in the end area 4th provided, frontal pipe opening 7th educated. Between the rod-shaped body 2 and the metal body 3rd is a free space in the axial direction x 8th provided in which a spacer 9 is arranged, by means of which the rod-shaped body 2 axially on the metal body 3rd is supported. The spacer 9 is through the pipe opening 7th through into the pipe interior 5 used and in particular forms a pipe opening 7th sealing stopper.

The spacer 9 points inside the tube 2 in its the pipe wall 6th facing outer surface at least one radial recess 15th in which the pipe wall 6th with the formation of a radial depression 16 is depressed or molded. Furthermore, the metal body 3rd one in the recess 16 engaging radial projection 17th on. Thus the rod-shaped body is 2 form-fitting with the metal body 3rd connected.

The spacer 9 has a central area 10 on which of the spacers 9 axially on the metal body 3rd is supported. In particular, the spacer 9 in the central area 10 a convex contact surface which is curved in the axial direction towards the metal body and axially on one on the metal body 3rd provided concave contact surface is applied. The spacer 9 further comprises an annular shear area projecting radially from the central area and formed integrally therewith 11 on where the pipe 2 is axially supported, the free space 8th a in the axial direction x to the shear area 11 adjoining annulus is.

When reaching or crossing one of the rod-shaped body 2 on the metal body 3rd The maximum force F acting in the axial direction x becomes the shear area 11 from the spacer 9 bent or sheared off so that the rod-shaped body 2 axially into the free space 8th indent. In this embodiment, the metal body 3rd a material cutout in the area of the free space 8th on. Due to the material cutout, there is free space 8th Visible from the outside, the material section being designed like a gap here. By means of the material cutout in the area of the free space 8th a simple visual inspection is made possible.

The metal body 3rd forms a housing and includes a cylindrical recess 13th in which a rubber mount 14th is used. The hybrid component 1 is designed here as a suspension arm.

Out 3rd is a longitudinal section of a hybrid component 1 according to a second embodiment can be seen, features identical or similar to the first embodiment being denoted by the same reference numerals as in the first embodiment.

In contrast to the first embodiment, one sits in the metal body on the rod-shaped body 3rd embedded annular sleeve 18th that with their ends 19th on the rod-shaped body 2 and between their ends 19th one in the direction of the rod-shaped body 2 protruding and formed as a cutting edge radial projection 20th has, which is in the rod-shaped body 2 is depressed. Thus the rod-shaped body 2 form-fitting with the metal body 3rd connected. The sleeve 18th is also known as a claw collar. For a further description of the second embodiment, reference is made to the description of the first embodiment.

List of reference symbols

1

Hybrid component

2

Tube / rod-shaped body

3

Metal body

4th

axial end of the tube

5

Pipe interior

6th

Pipe wall

7th

frontal pipe opening

8th

free space

9

Spacers

10

Central area of the spacer

11

Shear area of the spacer

12th

Longitudinal axis

13th

Recess

14th

Rubber bearing

15th

radial recess in spacer

16

radial recess in the pipe wall

17th

radial projection of the metal body

18th

Sleeve

19th

axial end of the sleeve

20th

Protrusion of the sleeve

Claims (14)

Hybrid component with a rod-shaped body (2) made of fiber-reinforced plastic, which extends in an axial direction (x), and a metal body (3) which encloses the rod-shaped body (2) in an axial end region (4), characterized in that between the rod-shaped body (2) and the metal body (3) in the axial direction (x) a free space (8) is provided in which a spacer (9) is arranged, by means of which the rod-shaped body (2) axially on the metal body (3) is supported, and that when a maximum force (F) acting on the metal body (3) in the axial direction (x) of the rod-shaped body (2) is reached or exceeded, the spacer (9) is at least partially deformable or destructible, so that the rod-shaped body (2) can be moved into the free space (8). Hybrid component according to Claim 1 , characterized in that an annular sleeve (18) embedded in the metal body (3) sits on the rod-shaped body (2) and rests with its ends (19) on the rod-shaped body (2) and at least between its ends (19) has a projection (20) which protrudes in the direction of the rod-shaped body (2) and is pressed into the rod-shaped body (2). Hybrid component according to Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the metal body (3) has at least one projection (17) which protrudes in the direction of the rod-shaped body (2) and engages in at least one recess (16) provided in the rod-shaped body (2). Hybrid component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rod-shaped body (2) is designed as a tube with a tube wall (6) delimiting a tube interior (5) and an end tube opening (7) provided in the end region (4) through which through the spacer (9) is inserted into the pipe interior (5). Hybrid component according to Claim 4 , characterized in that the spacer (9) is axially supported by a central area (10) on the metal body (3) and has a shear area (11) protruding radially from the central area (10), on which the rod-shaped body (2) is axially supported is, the free space (8) being an annular space adjoining the shear region (11) in the axial direction (x). Hybrid component according to Claim 5 , characterized in that when the maximum force (F) acting from the rod-shaped body (2) on the metal body (3) in the axial direction (x) is reached or exceeded, the shear area (11) can be bent or sheared off by the spacer (9). Hybrid component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fiber-reinforced plastic of the rod-shaped body (2) comprises continuous fibers embedded in a matrix. Hybrid component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the metal body (3) is a cast part in which the rod-shaped body (2) is embedded with its end region (4). Hybrid component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the Metal body (3) forms a housing in which a joint or rubber mount (14) is installed. Hybrid component according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the free space (8) can be seen from the outside, whereby after reaching or exceeding a maximum force (F) acting on the metal body (3) in the axial direction (x) from the rod-shaped body (2) ) the rod-shaped body (2) indented into the free space (8) can be seen. Use of a spacer (9) for a hybrid component (1) with a rod-shaped body (2) made of fiber-reinforced plastic and extending in an axial direction (x) and a metal body (3) which surrounds the rod-shaped body (2) in an axial end region encloses, wherein a free space is provided between the rod-shaped body and the metal body in the axial direction, in which the spacer is arranged, by means of which the rod-shaped body is axially supported on the metal body, and when reaching or exceeding one of the rod-shaped body on the Metal body acting in the axial direction maximum force of the spacer is at least partially deformed or destroyed, so that the rod-shaped body engages in the free space. Use after Claim 11 , characterized in that the rod-shaped body (2) is designed as a tube with a tube wall (6) delimiting a tube interior (5) and an end tube opening (7) provided in the end region (4) through which the spacer (9) is inserted into the pipe interior (5). Use after Claim 12 , characterized in that the spacer (9) is axially supported by a central area (10) on the metal body (3) and has a shear area (11) protruding radially from the central area (10), on which the rod-shaped body (2) is axially supported is, the free space (8) being an annular space adjoining the shear region (11) in the axial direction (x). Use after Claim 13 , characterized in that when the maximum force (F) acting from the rod-shaped body (2) on the metal body (3) in the axial direction (x) is reached or exceeded, the shear area (11) is bent or sheared off by the spacer (9).

Images