DE102019217879A1 - CONNECTING STRUCTURE FOR UPPER ELECTRODE - Google Patents
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- H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
- H01L23/52—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames
- H01L23/522—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
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- H01L23/522—Arrangements for conducting electric current within the device in operation from one component to another, i.e. interconnections, e.g. wires, lead frames including external interconnections consisting of a multilayer structure of conductive and insulating layers inseparably formed on the semiconductor body
- H01L23/5226—Via connections in a multilevel interconnection structure
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- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76801—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing
- H01L21/76802—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing by forming openings in dielectrics
- H01L21/76805—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing by forming openings in dielectrics the opening being a via or contact hole penetrating the underlying conductor
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- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76801—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing
- H01L21/76802—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing by forming openings in dielectrics
- H01L21/76807—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the dielectrics, e.g. smoothing by forming openings in dielectrics for dual damascene structures
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- H01L21/76838—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
- H01L21/76877—Filling of holes, grooves or trenches, e.g. vias, with conductive material
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- H01L21/71—Manufacture of specific parts of devices defined in group H01L21/70
- H01L21/768—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics
- H01L21/76838—Applying interconnections to be used for carrying current between separate components within a device comprising conductors and dielectrics characterised by the formation and the after-treatment of the conductors
- H01L21/76895—Local interconnects; Local pads, as exemplified by patent document EP0896365
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- H01L21/76897—Formation of self-aligned vias or contact plugs, i.e. involving a lithographically uncritical step
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Abstract
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf Halbleiterstrukturen und insbesondere auf Verbindungsstrukturen und Herstellungsverfahren für obere Elektroden. Die Struktur umfasst: ein unteres Metallisierungsmerkmal; ein oberes Metallisierungsmerkmal; eine untere Elektrode in direktem Kontakt mit dem unteren Metallisierungsmerkmal; wenigstens ein Schaltmaterial über der unteren Elektrode; eine obere Elektrode über dem wenigstens einen Schaltmaterial; und eine selbstausgerichtete Via-Verbindung in Kontakt mit der oberen Elektrode und dem oberen Metallisierungsmerkmal.The present invention relates to semiconductor structures, and in particular to connection structures and manufacturing methods for upper electrodes. The structure includes: a lower metallization feature; an upper metallization feature; a lower electrode in direct contact with the lower metallization feature; at least one switching material over the lower electrode; an upper electrode over the at least one switching material; and a self-aligned via connection in contact with the top electrode and the top metallization feature.
Description
GEBIET DER ERFINDUNGFIELD OF THE INVENTION
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf Halbleiterstrukturen und insbesondere auf Speicher, die in Verbindungsstrukturen von integrierten Schaltungen (ICs) eingebettet sind, sowie auf Herstellungsverfahren.The present invention relates to semiconductor structures and, in particular, to memories which are embedded in connection structures of integrated circuits (ICs), and to production processes.
HINTERGRUNDBACKGROUND
Bei den derzeitigen Methoden zur Bildung einer Verbindung für eine obere Elektrode in eingebetteten Speichervorrichtungen, wie RRAM (Resistive RAM), PRAM (Phase-change RAM), MRAM (Magnetic RAM), FRAM (Ferroelectric RAM) usw., gibt es viele Herausforderungen. Diese Speichervorrichtungen beinhalten eine untere Metallisierung und eine obere Metallisierung, mit einer oberen Elektrode, Schaltmaterial(en) und eine untere Elektrode zwischen diesen Metallschichten.There are many challenges with current methods of forming a connection for an upper electrode in embedded memory devices such as RRAM (resistive RAM), PRAM (phase change RAM), MRAM (magnetic RAM), FRAM (ferroelectric RAM), etc. These memory devices include a lower metallization and an upper metallization, with an upper electrode, switching material (s) and a lower electrode between these metal layers.
Beispielsweise besteht eine Herausforderung bei der Herstellung der Verbindung der oberen Elektrode während der Damascene-Linienätzung zur Freilegung der oberen Elektrode. Bei diesem subtraktiven Verfahren existiert ein enges Prozessfenster für den Ätzsubtraktionsprozess. Ist die Ätzung zu flach, weist die Verbindung einen hohen Widerstand auf. Wenn die Ätzung zu tief ist, besteht die Gefahr eines Kurzschlusses zur Schaltschicht. Um diesen Problemen zu begegnen, wird die obere Elektrode oft dicker gemacht, was wiederum den Bedarf an einer zusätzlichen Overlay-Maske erhöht, wenn das obere Elektrodenmaterial zu dick ist, um optisch transparent zu sein.For example, there is a challenge in connecting the top electrode during Damascene line etching to expose the top electrode. This subtractive process has a narrow process window for the etching subtraction process. If the etch is too shallow, the connection has a high resistance. If the etching is too deep, there is a risk of a short circuit to the switching layer. To address these problems, the top electrode is often made thicker, which in turn increases the need for an additional overlay mask if the top electrode material is too thick to be optically transparent.
Es gibt auch Herausforderungen in den Herstellungsprozessen der oberen Elektrodenverbindung, wenn ein Via-Öffnungsstrukturierungsverfahren (anstelle der Linie) verwendet wird. Bei dieser Art von Prozess kann die Via auf der oberen Elektrode landen, lange bevor Non-Memory-Vias auf der darunter liegenden Metallebene gelandet sind. In diesem Fall tritt im Ätzprozess ein hoher Verlust in der oberen Elektrode auf. Daher wird eine dickere obere Elektrode verwendet, was die gleichen Probleme verursacht, wie oben beschrieben sind. Diese Art der Verbindung der oberen Elektrode wird auch durch Skalierung begrenzt, da die Höhe der Speicherbits viel geringer sein muss als eine einzige Via-Höhe.There are also challenges in the upper electrode interconnect fabrication processes when using a via opening patterning method (instead of the line). In this type of process, the via can land on the top electrode long before non-memory vias have landed on the underlying metal level. In this case, there is a large loss in the upper electrode in the etching process. Therefore, a thicker top electrode is used, which causes the same problems as described above. This type of connection of the upper electrode is also limited by scaling, since the height of the memory bits must be much less than a single via height.
ZUSAMMENFASSUNGSUMMARY
In einem Aspekt der Erfindung umfasst eine Struktur: ein unteres Metallisierungsmerkmal; ein oberes Metallisierungsmerkmal; eine untere Elektrode in direktem Kontakt mit dem unteren Metallisierungsmerkmal; ein oder mehrere Schaltmaterialien über der unteren Elektrode; eine obere Elektrode über dem einen oder mehreren Schaltmaterialien; und eine selbstausgerichtete Via-Verbindung in Kontakt mit der oberen Elektrode und dem oberen Metallisierungsmerkmal.In one aspect of the invention, a structure includes: a lower metallization feature; an upper metallization feature; a lower electrode in direct contact with the lower metallization feature; one or more switching materials over the lower electrode; an upper electrode over the one or more switching materials; and a self-aligned via connection in contact with the top electrode and the top metallization feature.
In einem Aspekt der Erfindung umfasst eine Struktur: eine Speichervorrichtung, umfassend: eine erste Metallisierungsschicht; eine zweite Metallisierungsschicht; und eine vertikale Säule, die die erste Metallisierungsschicht mit der zweiten Metallisierungsschicht verbindet, wobei die vertikale Säule eine selbstausgerichtete Via-Verbindung in Kontakt mit einer oberen Elektrode, der vertikalen Säule und der zweiten Metallisierungsschicht aufweist; und eine Peripherievorrichtung oder Logikvorrichtung, die das untere Metallisierungsmerkmal und das obere Metallisierungsmerkmal umfasst, die durch eine Verbindungsstruktur miteinander verbunden sind, die frei von der selbstausgerichteten Via-Verbindung und der vertikalen Säule ist.In one aspect of the invention, a structure includes: a memory device comprising: a first metallization layer; a second metallization layer; and a vertical column connecting the first metallization layer to the second metallization layer, the vertical column having a self-aligned via connection in contact with an upper electrode, the vertical column and the second metallization layer; and a peripheral device or logic device that includes the lower metallization feature and the upper metallization feature that are interconnected by a connection structure that is free of the self-aligned via connection and the vertical column.
In einem Aspekt der Erfindung umfasst ein Verfahren: ein Bilden einer vertikalen Säule, die eine untere Elektrode, ein oder mehrere Schaltmaterialien, eine obere Elektrode und ein Maskenmaterial auf der oberen Elektrode umfasst; ein Bilden eines dielektrischen Zwischenschichtmaterials über der vertikalen Säule; ein Öffnen des dielektrischen Zwischenschichtmaterials, um das Maskenmaterial freizulegen; ein selektives Entfernen des Maskenmaterials über der oberen Elektrode, um eine selbstausgerichtete Via zu bilden; ein Bilden einer Verbindung durch ein abgeschiedenes leitfähiges Material in der selbstausgerichteten Via-Verbindung, die die obere Elektrode kontaktiert; und ein Bilden einer Metallisierung auf dem leitenden Material.In one aspect of the invention, a method includes: forming a vertical column that includes a lower electrode, one or more switching materials, an upper electrode, and a mask material on the upper electrode; forming an interlayer dielectric material over the vertical column; opening the interlayer dielectric material to expose the mask material; selectively removing the mask material over the top electrode to form a self-aligned via; forming a bond through a deposited conductive material in the self-aligned via bond that contacts the top electrode; and forming a metallization on the conductive material.
FigurenlisteFigure list
Die vorliegende Erfindung ist in der nachfolgenden ausführlichen Beschreibung beschrieben, wobei auf die erwähnte Vielzahl von Zeichnungen als nicht beschränkende Beispiele für exemplarische Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung verwiesen wird.
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1 zeigt unter anderem eine obere Elektrode, ein Schaltmaterial und eine untere Elektrode sowie entsprechende Herstellungsverfahren gemäß den Aspekten der vorliegenden Erfindung. -
2 zeigt eine Post-Damascene-Lithographie und Ätzstrukturierung zur Herstellung von Graben- und Via-Strukturen gemäß den Aspekten der vorliegenden Erfindung. -
3 zeigt unter anderem eine selbstausgerichtete Via, die zu einer oberen Elektrode ausgerichtet ist, und entsprechende Herstellungsprozesse gemäß den Aspekten der vorliegenden Erfindung. -
4 zeigt unter anderem eine Postmetallisierungsstruktur innerhalb der selbstausgerichteten Via und entsprechende Herstellungsprozesse gemäß den Aspekten der vorliegenden Erfindung. - Die
5 und6 zeigen eine alternative Struktur mit einem Abstandshaltermaterial, das die selbstausgerichtete Via und die jeweiligen Herstellungsverfahren gemäß einem zusätzlichen Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung definiert. - Die
7 und8 zeigen eine alternative Struktur mit einem Liner-Material, das die selbstausgerichtete Via und die jeweiligen Herstellungsverfahren gemäß einem zusätzlichen Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung definiert. -
9 zeigt eine weitere alternative Struktur mit dem Abstandshaltermaterial und dem Liner-Material, das die selbstausgerichtete Via festlegt, und die jeweiligen Herstellungsverfahren gemäß einem zusätzlichen Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung.
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1 shows, among other things, an upper electrode, a switching material and a lower electrode, and corresponding manufacturing methods according to the aspects of the present invention. -
2nd FIG. 4 shows post damascene lithography and etch patterning for fabricating trench and via structures in accordance with aspects of the present invention. -
3rd shows, among other things, a self-aligned via that is aligned with an upper electrode and corresponding manufacturing processes according to aspects of the present invention. -
4th shows, among other things, a post-metallization structure within the self-aligned via and corresponding manufacturing processes according to the aspects of the present invention. - The
5 and6 Figure 12 shows an alternative structure with a spacer material that defines the self-aligned via and the respective manufacturing methods according to an additional aspect of the present invention. - The
7 and8th show an alternative structure with a liner material that defines the self-aligned via and the respective manufacturing methods according to an additional aspect of the present invention. -
9 Figure 10 shows another alternative structure with the spacer material and liner material that defines the self-aligned via and the respective manufacturing methods according to an additional aspect of the present invention.
DETAILLIERTE BESCHREIBUNGDETAILED DESCRIPTION
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf Halbleiterstrukturen und insbesondere auf Verbindungsstrukturen und Herstellungsverfahren für obere Elektroden. Genauer gesagt, bietet die vorliegende Erfindung robuste Verbindungsstrukturen zur Verdrahtung von oberen Elektroden von Speichervorrichtungen, die in Metallschichten eingebettet sind, und Herstellungsverfahren. Die Verbindungsstruktur der oberen Elektrode kann in Speichervorrichtungen wie RRAM, PRAM und MRAM als anschauliche, nicht einschränkende Beispiele implementiert werden.The present invention relates to semiconductor structures, and in particular to connection structures and manufacturing methods for upper electrodes. More specifically, the present invention provides robust interconnect structures for wiring top electrodes of memory devices embedded in metal layers and manufacturing methods. The top electrode interconnect structure can be implemented in memory devices such as RRAM, PRAM, and MRAM as illustrative, non-limiting examples.
Vorteilhafterweise bietet die vorliegende Erfindung ein Mittel, um die Dicke der Materialien der oberen Elektrode zu verringern, mit einem geringeren Widerstand der oberen Elektrode zur Verbindung mit den oberen Leitungsschichten. Darüber hinaus bietet die vorliegende Erfindung ein breiteres Prozessfenster für die obere Metallverbindung zur oberen Elektrode, bei niedrigeren Kosten im Vergleich zu einem Doppel-Via-Strukturierungsprozess. Die hierin beschriebenen Prozesse sehen auch eine selbstbildende Via für die obere Elektrodenverbindungsstruktur vor. Darüber hinaus gibt es wenig bis gar keine Defekte, wie beispielsweise nichtflüchtige harte Polymere zur Via-Strukturierung. Darüber hinaus bietet die Implementierung der hierin offenbarten Strukturen und Verfahren die Freiheit, Hartmasken, wie z.B. TiN, zu entfernen, die für die Dual-Damascene-Strukturierung verwendet werden, wobei Metalle der oberen Elektroden während des Nassätzens oder der Reinigungsprozesse geschützt sind.Advantageously, the present invention provides a means to reduce the thickness of the upper electrode materials, with a lower resistance of the upper electrode for connection to the upper conductive layers. In addition, the present invention provides a wider process window for the top metal connection to the top electrode, at a lower cost compared to a double via patterning process. The processes described herein also provide a self-forming via for the top electrode connection structure. In addition, there are little to no defects, such as non-volatile hard polymers for via structuring. In addition, the implementation of the structures and methods disclosed herein provides the freedom to use hard masks such as e.g. To remove TiN used for dual damascene structuring, protecting metals from the upper electrodes during wet etching or cleaning processes.
In Ausführungsformen stellt die obere Elektrode einen Teil einer Verbindungsstruktur zwischen unteren und oberen Metallstrukturen dar. Die Verbindungsstruktur umfasst beispielsweise ein oberes Metall, das mit Säulenmerkmalen einer oberen Elektrode unter Verwendung eines selbstbildenden Strukturierungsprozesses verbunden ist. Die Verbindungsstruktur zu den oberen Elektroden kann ohne Via-Photomaske gebildet werden, was zu erheblichen Kosteneinsparungen führt. In weiteren Ausführungsformen entsteht die selbstbildende Via der oberen Elektrode aus Opferhartmaskenmaterialien auf der Oberseite der oberen Elektrode, die bereits für die Lithographie und Ätzstrukturierung der oberen Elektrode eingesetzt werden. In Ausführungsformen können die Hartmaskenmaterialien nach der Bildung der oberen Elektrode / Schaltmaterialien / unteren Elektrode verbleiben und dann selektiv durch Trocken- oder Nassätzprozesse entfernt werden, die bei Strukturierungsprozessen für die Verbindungsstrukturen zur oberen Metallschicht (z.B. nach Abscheidungs- und Planarisierungsprozessen des dielektrischen Materials zwischen den Ebenen) aufgedeckt werden. Die selbstbildende Via umfasst verschiedene Arten von Merkmalen mit dielektrischen Linern oder Abstandshaltern in Beispielen.In embodiments, the upper electrode forms part of a connection structure between lower and upper metal structures. The connection structure comprises, for example, an upper metal that is connected to column features of an upper electrode using a self-forming structuring process. The connection structure to the upper electrodes can be formed without a via photomask, which leads to considerable cost savings. In further embodiments, the self-forming via of the upper electrode is made from sacrificial hard mask materials on the upper side of the upper electrode, which are already used for the lithography and etching structuring of the upper electrode. In embodiments, the hard mask materials can remain after the formation of the upper electrode / switching materials / lower electrode and then can be selectively removed by dry or wet etching processes which are used in structuring processes for the connection structures to the upper metal layer (for example after deposition and planarization processes of the dielectric material between the levels ) are revealed. The self-forming via includes various types of features with dielectric liners or spacers in examples.
Die Strukturen der vorliegenden Erfindung können auf verschiedene Weise mit einer Reihe von verschiedenen Werkzeugen hergestellt werden. Im Allgemeinen werden die Verfahren und Werkzeuge jedoch verwendet, um Strukturen mit Abmessungen im Mikrometer- und Nanometerbereich zu bilden. Die Verfahren, d.h. die Technologien, die zur Herstellung der Strukturen der vorliegenden Erfindung verwendet werden, wurden aus der Technologie der integrierten Schaltung (IC) übernommen. So werden die Strukturen beispielsweise auf Wafern gebildet und in Materialschichten realisiert, die durch photolithografische Prozesse auf der Oberseite eines Wafers strukturiert werden. Insbesondere die Herstellung der Strukturen erfolgt aus drei Grundbausteinen: (i) Abscheiden von dünnen Materialschichten auf einem Substrat, (ii) Aufbringen einer strukturierten Maske auf die Schichten durch photolithografische Bildgebung und (iii) selektives Ätzen der Schichten auf die Maske.The structures of the present invention can be made in a variety of ways using a variety of different tools. In general, however, the methods and tools are used to form structures with dimensions in the micrometer and nanometer range. The procedures, i.e. the technologies used to fabricate the structures of the present invention have been adopted from integrated circuit (IC) technology. For example, the structures are formed on wafers and implemented in layers of material that are structured by photolithographic processes on the top of a wafer. In particular, the structures are produced from three basic components: (i) depositing thin layers of material on a substrate, (ii) applying a structured mask to the layers by means of photolithographic imaging and (iii) selective etching of the layers on the mask.
In Ausführungsformen werden die leitfähigen Verdrahtungsstrukturen
Mit weiterer Bezugnahme auf
Über der Ätzstoppschicht oder Diffusionssperrschicht
Die Materialien
Mit weiterem Bezug auf
In
Die
In
Die
In
Das/die oben beschriebene(n) Verfahren wird/sind bei der Herstellung von integrierten Schaltungschips verwendet. Die resultierenden integrierten Schaltungschips können vom Hersteller in der Form von rohen Wafern (d.h. als einzelner Wafer mit mehreren unverpackten Chips), als nackter Chip oder in verpackter Form vertrieben werden. Im letzteren Fall wird der Chip in einem einzigen Chipgehäuse (z.B. einem Kunststoffträger, mit Leitungen, die an einer Hauptplatine oder einem anderen höherwertigen Träger befestigt sind) oder in einem Multichipgehäuse (z.B. einem Keramikträger mit Oberflächenverbindungen und/oder vergrabenen Verbindungen) montiert. In jedem Fall wird der Chip dann mit anderen Chips, diskreten Schaltungselementen und/oder anderen Signalverarbeitungsvorrichtungen als Teil entweder (a) eines Zwischenprodukts, wie beispielsweise einer Hauptplatine, oder (b) eines Endprodukts integriert. Das Endprodukt kann jedes Produkt sein, das integrierte Schaltungschips beinhaltet, von Spielzeug und anderen Low-End-Anwendungen bis hin zu fortschrittlichen Computerprodukten mit einem Display, einer Tastatur oder einem anderen Eingabegerät und einem zentralen Prozessor.The method (s) described above is / are used in the manufacture of integrated circuit chips. The resulting integrated circuit chips can be sold by the manufacturer in the form of raw wafers (i.e. as a single wafer with several unpackaged chips), as a bare chip or in packaged form. In the latter case, the chip is mounted in a single chip housing (e.g. a plastic carrier with cables attached to a motherboard or other higher quality carrier) or in a multichip housing (e.g. a ceramic carrier with surface connections and / or buried connections). In any event, the chip is then integrated with other chips, discrete circuit elements, and / or other signal processing devices as part of either (a) an intermediate product, such as a motherboard, or (b) an end product. The end product can be any product that includes integrated circuit chips, from toys and other low-end applications to advanced computer products with a display, keyboard, or other input device and a central processor.
Die Beschreibungen der verschiedenen Ausführungsformen der vorliegenden Erfindung wurden zur Veranschaulichung vorgelegt, sollen aber nicht erschöpfend oder auf die offenbarten Ausführungsformen beschränkt sein. Viele Modifikationen und Variationen werden für die gewöhnlichen Fertigkeiten in der Kunst offensichtlich sein, ohne vom Umfang und Geist der beschriebenen Ausführungsformen abzuweichen. Die hierin verwendete Terminologie wurde gewählt, um die Prinzipien der Ausführungsformen, die praktische Anwendung oder die technische Verbesserung gegenüber den auf dem Markt befindlichen Technologien am besten zu erläutern oder anderen mit gewöhnlichen Kenntnissen in der Kunst zu ermöglichen, die hierin offenbarten Ausführungsformen zu verstehen.The descriptions of the various embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration, but are not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the embodiments disclosed. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to ordinary skill in art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terminology used herein was chosen to best explain the principles of the embodiments, the practical application or the technical improvement over the technologies on the market or to enable others with ordinary knowledge in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.
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