DE102019210221A1 - Lightweight seat, in particular a vehicle seat with a base frame and covering elements and associated 3D printing manufacturing processes in which the base frame and the covering elements or parts thereof are manufactured without tools - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a seat, in particular a vehicle seat (100) comprising a base frame (10). It is provided that the base frame (10) and the covering elements (20) arranged on the base frame (10) completely (30, 60; 30, 70; 30, 80) or partially without tools in a 3D printing manufacturing process.

Description

Lightweight seat, in particular a vehicle seat with a base frame and covering elements and associated 3D printing manufacturing processes in which the base frame and the covering elements or parts thereof are manufactured without tools

The invention relates to a lightweight seat, in particular a vehicle seat with a base frame and covering elements.

The pamphlet WO 2015/171856 A1 describes a seat structure with at least one frame with one or more thin-walled complex geometric structures and a method for forming the frame via an additive manufacturing process.

The pamphlet DE 20 2013 003 899 U1 discloses a resiliently deformable back support device for a seat made from a self-contained band. The tape consists of a high-density thermoplastic polyamide. A tape made of this material can easily be produced by an injection molding process. Other materials can also be used, such as wood-based materials (production, for example, using molded wood technology), metal (production, for example, by laser sintering), plastics, synthetic resins (production, for example, using laser sintering, rapid prototyping or 3D printing), elastomers, fiber composites (such as glass, Aramid or carbon fibers) or hybrids (e.g. metal / textile or wood / elastomer).

The invention is based on the object of building a seat that is extremely light, has a low level of complexity and, at the same time, is highly comfortable and can be produced in series or as an individual one-off production.

The starting point of the invention is a vehicle seat comprising a base frame.

According to the invention, it is provided that the base frame and the covering elements arranged on the base frame are produced completely or partially without tools in a 3D printing production process.

The base frame is preferably produced in one piece or in two parts as a 3D printed part, the base frame having cavities in which stiffening structures are formed, which are also formed as a 3D printed structure.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the base frame is an aluminum frame or a plastic frame that is printed from a meltable metallic material or a meltable plastic in a 3D printing production process.

In a first embodiment it is also preferred that a one-part or multi-part covering element is printed entirely from a meltable plastic material as the covering of the seat part-side and / or backrest-side and / or headrest-side base frame in a 3D printing production process. The plastic material is preferably a thermoplastic polyurethane.

In a second embodiment, it is also preferred that a one-part or multi-part hybrid covering element is formed as the covering of the seat part-side and / or backrest-side and / or headrest-side base frame in a 3D printing production process, which is formed from a textile and a fastening element which is completely is printed from a meltable plastic material.

In a first embodiment variant it is provided according to the invention that the textile of the hybrid covering element is connected to the fastening element, the connection being established during the 3D printing production process.

In a second embodiment variant, the invention provides that the textile of the hybrid covering element is connected to the fastening element, the connection being established after the fastening element has been produced separately via receptacles in the textile and provisions on the fastening element.

In a third embodiment variant, the invention provides that the textile of the hybrid covering element is connected to the fastening element, the connection being made after the separate manufacture of the fastening element via a welt connected to the textile and a welt profile receptacle in the fastening element.

The seat is also characterized by the fact that the fastening element produced in the 3D printing production process is made of different plastics of different hardness, depending on the variant, with the base body in relation to the slats facing the person in the assembled state, which are formed on the respective upper part of the fastening elements facing the person are formed from a harder plastic.

It is preferably ensured that the hybrid covering elements are arranged on the base frame by means of their fastening elements on the seat part side and / or the backrest side and / or the headrest side in such a way that the textile is tensioned.

Figure list

• 1 eine perspektivische Darstellung eines Grundrahmens eines Fahrzeugsitzes, der in einem 3D-Druckfertigungsverfahren hergestellt ist;
• 2 einen vergrößerter Ausschnitt des Grundrahmens gemäß 1 in einer perspektivischen Darstellung;
• 3 eine mehrteilige Bespannung gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform des perspektivisch dargestellten Fahrzeugsitzes, die in einem 3D-Druckfertigungsverfahren hergestellt ist;
• 4 eine einteilige Bespannung gemäß der ersten Ausführungsform des perspektivisch dargestellten Fahrzeugsitzes, die in einem 3D-Druckfertigungsverfahren hergestellt ist;
• 5A die einteilige Bespannung gemäß 4 mit Darstellung einer möglichen Befestigungsart;
• 5B den Grundrahmen des perspektivisch dargestellten Fahrzeugsitzes mit einer aufsitzenden Person, der die Bespannung gemäß der ersten Ausführungsform aufweist, die vollständig als 3D-gedrucktes Bespannungselement 20 ausgebildet ist;
• 6A eine perspektivisch dargestellte Unterseite einer Bespannung gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsvariante einer zweiten Ausführungsform, die als Bespannungselement 30, 60 ausgebildet ist, wobei die Befestigungselemente 60 in einem 3D-Druckfertigungsverfahren hergestellt sind;
• 6B eine perspektivische Darstellung des sitzteilseitigen Grundrahmens mit dem Bespannungselement 30, 60 vor einer Verrastung am Grundrahmen;
• 6C eine perspektivische Darstellung des sitzteilseitigen Grundrahmens mit dem Bespannungselement 30, 60 nach einer Verrastung am Grundrahmen;
• 6D den sitzteilseitigen Grundrahmen mit gegenüberliegenden Bespannungselementen 30, 60 nach einer Verrastung am Grundrahmen;
• 7A eine Bespannung gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsvariante einer zweiten Ausführungsform, die als Bespannungselement 30, 70 ausgebildet ist, wobei die Befestigungselemente 70 in einem 3D-Druckfertigungsverfahren hergestellt sind;
• 7B das Befestigungselemente 70 gemäß 7A in einer perspektivischen Ansicht schräg von unten;
• 7C den sitzteilseitigen Grundrahmen mit dem am Grundrahmen angebrachten Bespannungselement 30, 70 vor einer endgültigen Positionierung am Grundrahmen vor einem Gebrauchszustand in einer Ansicht schräg von vorn;
• 7D den sitzteilseitigen Grundrahmen mit dem am Grundrahmen angebrachten Bespannungselement 30, 70 nach der endgültigen Positionierung am Grundrahmen im Gebrauchszustand in einer Ansicht schräg von vorn;
• 7E den sitzteilseitigen Grundrahmen mit dem Bespannungselement 30, 70 nach der endgültigen Positionierung im Gebrauchszustand am Grundrahmen in einer Ansicht schräg von unten;
• 8A eine Bespannung gemäß einer dritten Ausführungsvariante der zweiten Ausführungsform, die als Bespannungselement 30, 80 ausgebildet ist, wobei die Befestigungselemente 80 in einem 3D-Druckfertigungsverfahren hergestellt sind;
• 8B den sitzteilseitigen Grundrahmen mit dem am Grundrahmen angebrachten Bespannungselement 30, 80 gemäß 8A nach der endgültigen Positionierung am Grundrahmen im Gebrauchszustand in einer Ansicht schräg von vorn;
• 8C eine vergrößerte perspektivische Darstellung des am sitzteilseitigen Grundrahmen angeordneten Befestigungselementes 30, 80.

The invention is explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show it:

• 1 a perspective view of a base frame of a vehicle seat, which is produced in a 3D printing manufacturing process;
• 2 an enlarged section of the base frame according to 1 in a perspective view;
• 3 a multi-part covering according to a first embodiment of the vehicle seat shown in perspective, which is produced in a 3D printing production process;
• 4th a one-piece covering according to the first embodiment of the vehicle seat shown in perspective, which is produced in a 3D printing production process;
• 5A the one-piece covering according to 4th with representation of a possible type of fastening;
• 5B the base frame of the vehicle seat shown in perspective with a seated person who has the covering according to the first embodiment, the completely as a 3D-printed covering element 20th is trained;
• 6A a perspective shown underside of a covering according to a first variant of a second embodiment, which as a covering element 30th , 60 is formed, the fastening elements 60 are produced in a 3D printing manufacturing process;
• 6B a perspective view of the seat part-side base frame with the covering element 30th , 60 before locking on the base frame;
• 6C a perspective view of the seat part-side base frame with the covering element 30th , 60 after locking on the base frame;
• 6D the base frame on the seat part side with opposite covering elements 30th , 60 after locking on the base frame;
• 7A a covering according to a second variant of a second embodiment, which is used as a covering element 30th , 70 is formed, the fastening elements 70 are produced in a 3D printing manufacturing process;
• 7B the fasteners 70 according to 7A in a perspective view obliquely from below;
• 7C the base frame on the seat part side with the covering element attached to the base frame 30th , 70 before final positioning on the base frame before a state of use in a view obliquely from the front;
• 7D the base frame on the seat part side with the covering element attached to the base frame 30th , 70 after the final positioning on the base frame in the state of use in a view obliquely from the front;
• 7E the base frame on the seat part side with the covering element 30th , 70 after the final positioning in the state of use on the base frame in a view obliquely from below;
• 8A a covering according to a third variant of the second embodiment, which is used as a covering element 30th , 80 is formed, the fastening elements 80 are produced in a 3D printing manufacturing process;
• 8B the base frame on the seat part side with the covering element attached to the base frame 30th , 80 according to 8A after the final positioning on the base frame in the state of use in a view obliquely from the front;
• 8C an enlarged perspective view of the fastening element arranged on the base frame on the seat part side 30th , 80 .

A core concept of the invention consists in the production of a vehicle seat 100 in a combination of a 3D-printed frame, in particular an aluminum frame as a base frame 10 and a seat part-side, backrest-side or headrest-side covering made of a fabric and / or 3D-printed elements that are printed from a meltable, fabric-like material and advantageously replace the upholstery of the components of the vehicle seat 100.

The basic frame 10 is preferably made in one or two parts using so-called 3D metal printing. It goes without saying that, in principle, a 3D printing manufacturing process can be used that uses plastics, so that the base frame 10 consists of a plastic that is optionally reinforced with carbon fibers or the like.

The 1 shows a one-piece base frame 10 , which is a basic structure 18th , a seat part 12th , a backrest 14th and a headrest 16 includes. In 1 is a section of the basic frame in a broken line rectangle 10 highlighted in 2 is shown enlarged.

At the positions provided for this purpose (compare 1 and 2 ) are openings 10.2 provided, which are introduced or left during 3D metal printing.

According to the invention, the production of an ultra-light 3D-printed frame construction, which has thin wall thicknesses as a load-bearing element of the vehicle seat 100, with lattice structures on the inside to stiffen the base frame 10 are printed, which are referred to as stiffening structures or support structures to clarify the function and which are in 2 with the reference number 10.1 Marked are. The openings 10.2 in the base frame allow the powder to be removed after the 3D printing manufacturing process.

The advantage of the stiffening structures or support structures is that there is no need to print an otherwise normally necessary support structure inside the frame. The stiffening structures or support structures thus advantageously ensure the inner stiffening of the frame and at the same time form the inner support structure, which is required during manufacture, insofar as a 3D printing manufacturing process is used which requires such support structures / support structures. The design and alignment of the lattice structure inside the base frame 10 according to the invention thus depends on the desired stiffening function. The previous support structures on the inside did not fulfill the desired function of stiffening, but so far only served to support the layer-by-layer production using the 3-pressure production process. The outer support structures required in the metallic 3-print production process are removed, with the inner support structures taking on the desired stiffening function according to the invention and being consciously applied, that is, designed with regard to the profile shape and aligned in a lattice structure.

The frame construction has, for example, a wall thickness of 1.5 mm, with cavities being formed at least in certain areas in which the stiffening structures or support structures 10.1 are trained. In the area of the cavities in which according to 1 no openings 10.2 are formed, stiffening structures or support structures are also used 10.1 formed, with the powder over the closest openings 10.1 removed, especially blown out.

In combination with the base frame manufactured in this way 10 , the covering is made of a fabric and / or 3D-printed elements.

First embodiment of the covering 20th exclusively in 3D printing:

In a first embodiment, according to FIGS 3 and 4th a covering 20th provided, which is also produced in a 3D printing manufacturing process. The covering 20th , which represents a covering element, is produced as a 3D-printed profile and advantageously replaces the usual upholstery of the vehicle seat 100 or the necessary distance from the body of a person sitting on it P to the metallic or plastic base frame 10 reached. It is preferred to manufacture the covering element 20th the material TPU [abbr .: thermoplastic polyurethane] is used in a 3D printing production process. It has a high level of flexibility and excellent tensile strength, which makes TPU suitable for producing covering elements that are designed in the manner of upholstery elements. TPU also has outstanding tensile strength. A so-called FDM-3D printer is preferably used for production, with which, for example, the melt layer production process, in particular Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) or Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) can be carried out, by means of which a component, in particular according to the invention that of the covering element 20th is made in layers from a meltable plastic (TPU).

The 3 shows that the covering element 20th for the seat part 12th who have favourited the backrest 14th who have favourited headrest 16 Component-related is formed in several parts.

The 4th shows that the covering element 20th for the seat part 12th who have favourited the backrest 14th who have favourited headrest 16 is component-related in one piece.

As already mentioned, it is important that there is the necessary distance from the body of a person sitting on it P to the base frame 10 is achieved. The respective one-part or multi-part covering element 20th for the seat part 12th who have favourited the backrest 14th who have favourited headrest 16 according to the 3 and 4th becomes the base frame in the connection area 10 of the seat part 12th , the backrest 14th , the headrest 16 produced with an increased layer thickness (compare also 5A so that this necessary distance from the body of a person sitting on it P to the base frame 10 is reached.

The fastening of the covering element made entirely of a meltable plastic material 20th takes place by means of a suitable type of fastening, a possible type of fastening also in 5A is shown, which is explained in addition to the first embodiment below.

It is intended that the base frame 10 has a predeterminable geometric 3D contour, which is referred to below as positive contour 10 '. This positive contour 10 'of the base frame 10 is especially in the fastening area of the covering element 20th provided and can differ from the rest of the contour of the base frame 10 distinguish. In the exemplary embodiment, the positive contour 10 'is designed as a triangle. In other words, the support beam of the base frame 10 of the seat part 12th is triangular. This basic idea is analogous for the backrest 14th and / or the headrest 16 intended.

In the fastening area of the covering element 20th a negative contour 20 'corresponding to the positive contour 10' is provided, which in the exemplary embodiment is designed as a type of undercut as an angle in the embodiment example in the 3D printing manufacturing process, the inner contour of which corresponds to the outer contour of the positive contour 10 '. The elastic covering element 20th can be adjusted via the base frame due to its flexibility resulting from 3D printing 10 pull / snap, with the negative contour 20 'at the positive contour 10' (compare 5A) is applied.

In use, the seat forces act vertically in the z-direction and stretch the elastic structure only in the area of the seat area, so that the attachment between the negative contour 20 'and the positive contour 10' of the base frame 10 and the negative contour 20 'of the covering element 20th remains stable, so that the fastening of the covering element 20th on the base frame 10 is always secured.

The 5B shows a seated person P on a vehicle seat 100 in a combination of a 3D-printed base frame 10 , in particular an aluminum frame as a base frame 10 and a covering element 20th , in particular from a 3D-printed covering element 20th which is printed entirely from a fusible cloth-like material. When the person is seated, the elastic covering element made of plastic gives off 20th similar to a cushion reversible (in the z-direction according to 5B vertically downwards) and there are side walls 12.1 trained to hold the person P on the vehicle seat 100 increase. This function also applies to the leaning surface of the backrest, which is not shown 14th with the covering element according to the invention 20th is provided, which also forms prominent side cheeks as soon as the person's back is in the middle area of the backrest 14th leans against it and exerts a corresponding force on the covering.

Second embodiment of a covering or a covering element 30th , 60 ; 30th , 70 as a hybrid structure with a fastening element 60 , 70 manufactured in a 3D printing manufacturing process combined with a conventional fabric.

With conventional fabric-like coverings of a component's upholstery 12th , 14th , 16 of a vehicle seat 100 is the necessary distance from the body of a person sitting on it P to the base frame 10 due to the small thickness of the material, this cannot be easily achieved.

In the following, the invention presents solutions in two variants of a second embodiment, which are referred to as so-called hybrid covering or covering element, and according to the invention made of a conventional material and a fastening element produced by 3D printing 60 , 70 be formed as in the following 6A to 6D in a first variant of the second embodiment and in the 7A to 7E is shown in a second variant of the second embodiment and explained below.

• Vorgesehen ist, das Drucken in einem 3D-Druckfertigungsverfahren, bevorzugt dem FDM-3D-Druck auf einem Textil, welches in den zugehörigen FDM-3D-Drucker eingelegt wird, sodass nach dem erfolgten Druck ein fertiges Zusammenbauteil (einteilig) hergestellt ist.

First variant of the second embodiment:

• It is planned to print in a 3D printing production process, preferably FDM-3D printing on a textile that is inserted into the associated FDM-3D printer so that a finished assembly part (one-piece) is produced after the printing has taken place.

In the respective 3D printing production process, the fastening element 60 produced, the covering or the covering element formed 30th , 60 replaces in an advantageous manner the usual upholstery of the vehicle seat 100, while the fastening element 60 of the covering element 30th , 60 the necessary distance from the body of a person sitting on it P to the base frame 10 causes.

In 6A the covering is shown from its underside, on the 3D printing manufacturing process an upper part 60.1 , a lower part 60.2 and an im As assembled, latching part arranged on the side 60.3 to be printed.

The parts 60.1 , 60.2 , 60.3 are separated from each other on the prefabricated flexible textile 30th printed and firmly attached to the textile after production 30th connected. Here are the parts 60.1 , 60.2 , 60 . together with the flexible textile 30th arranged movable relative to one another, so that the parts 60.1 , 60.2 , 60.3 as in the 6B to 6D in a synopsis using the example of the seat part 12th is shown to the base frame 10 can be wrapped. Im on the base frame 10 attached condition forms the underside of the textile 30th the underside of the with the covering element 30th , 60 covered seat.

The 6B shows the fastener 60 of the covering element 30th , 60 before latching. The top 60.1 includes a receptacle / recess produced in a 3D printing production process 60.11 . The latch part 60.3 includes a locking lug produced in a 3D printing process 60.31 .

In the assembled state according to 6C , in which the locking between the locking lug 60.31 in the receptacle / recess 60.11 has taken place, the textile lies 30th on slats 60.4 on that during the 3D printing manufacturing process of the upper part 60.1 be formed.

These slats 60.4 form the upper area of the fastening element 60 , especially the upper part 60.1 and are elastically reversibly deformable, so that a comfortable, flexible area between the base frame 10 and the person P is formed, the upper part 60.1 also the necessary distance from the body of a person sitting on it P to the preferred base frame 10 reached. The textile 30th of the covering element 30th , 60 is during assembly when closing the fastener 60 or the opposite fastening elements 60 accordingly excited. It goes without saying that the locking lug 60.31 also in the top 60.1 and the receptacle / recess 60.11 also in the lower part 60.2 can be arranged.

The 6D shows the seat part 12th with the hybrid (textile 30th and plastic fastener 60 produced in the 3D printing manufacturing process and connected to one another during the printing manufacturing process) 30th , 60 with the fastening elements arranged on both sides 60 .

The 3D printing manufacturing process of the fastener 60 as a multi-part profile on a textile 30th In summary, it advantageously saves many assembly and gluing steps as well as sewing work that was previously required when attaching covers to cushions and the base frame 10 must be carried out. The so to speak printed profile takes on many functions at the same time, such as the simplified assembly and the tension of the fabric as well as the padding between the base frame 10 and the person's body P . The combination of hard and soft pressure parts (hard body of the upper part 60.1 and the lower part 60.2 and the soft slats 60.4 ) in a printing process enables a firm hold of the profile in a further advantageous manner 60 on the base frame 10 with reversibly elastic action of the slats 60.4 in the intended use.

• Vorgesehen ist das Drucken unter Verwendung von Polypropylen (PP) in einem 3D-Druckfertigungsverfahren, bevorzugt dem SLS-Druck (Selektives Laser Sinter) eines Befestigungselementes 70 unabhängig von einem Textil 30, sodass der Zusammenbau erst nachträglich erfolgt, wie nachfolgend erläutert wird.

Second variant of the second embodiment:

• The intention is to print using polypropylene (PP) in a 3D printing production process, preferably SLS (Selective Laser Sinter) printing of a fastening element 70 independent of a textile 30th so that the assembly only takes place afterwards, as explained below.

In a 3D printing manufacturing process, preferably the SLS 3D printing manufacturing process, the fastening element 70 manufactured independently of the textile, whereby the textile attached later 30th together with the fastener 70 also a hybrid covering or a hybrid covering element 30th , 70 forms, which replaces the usual upholstery of the vehicle seat 100 in an advantageous manner, wherein the fastening element 70 according to the arrangement on the base frame 10 also the necessary distance from the body of a person sitting on it P to the base frame 10 causes.

In 7A the covering is shown from its top side, with the fastening elements 70 in the area of the base frame 10 are arranged.

This in 7A Hybrid covering element shown 30th , 70 (Textile and plastic fastener 70 manufactured in the 3D printing production process and connected to one another in the subsequent assembly) forms the one-piece upholstery of the seat part 12th and the backrest 14th as well as a headrest 16 of the vehicle seat 100, where (cf. 1 ) in 7A only part of the hybrid covering element 30th , 70 is shown.

In the second variant of the second embodiment, the fastening element 70 according to the perspective view of 7B a lamellar top 70.1 and a receiving part 70.2 on which hook 70.21 , includes so-called snap hooks that are attached to the lamella top 70.1 and opposite the lamellar top 70.1 are arranged reversibly elastically.

Between the hooks 70.21 and the lamellar top 70.1 is a longitudinal extension of the fastener 70 formed elastic insertion slot in which a region of the base frame 10 for fastening the fastening element 70 can be led into and recorded.

A pre-cut textile 30th is previously over the snap hook 70.21 drawn and an area of the base frame 10 is then inserted into the elastic insertion slot of the fastening element 70 inserted, meanwhile the snap hook 70.21 dodge and behind the base frame 10 Snap back in and hold the textile 30th by previously hanging textile-side eyelets on the provisions of the snap hook 70.21 hold on securely, as best in a synopsis of the perspective representations of the 7B , 7C and 7E can be seen.

In 7C is shown in the perspective illustration by means of an arrow that the fastening element 70 after the insertion of the insertion slot of the fastening element 70 in the area of the base frame 10 according to the invention around the base frame 10 rotates so that the textile 30th can be tensioned and after fastening the fastener 70 is stretched in its end position, compare the perspective view of 7D .

In the assembled state according to 7E lies the textile 30th on the slats 70.4 of the lamellar top 70.1 that are formed during the 3D printing manufacturing process. These slats 70.4 of the lamellar top 70.1 are in the upper part of the fastener 70 elastically reversibly deformable, so that a comfortable, flexible area between the base frame 10 and the person P is formed, which also provides the necessary distance from the body of a person sitting on it P to the preferably metallic base frame 10 reached.

The 7E shows the seat part 12th and hint at the backrest 14th with the hybrid covering or the hybrid covering element 30th , 70 with the fastening elements arranged on both sides 70 in a perspective view.

The fastener 70 As a one-piece profile, it takes on many functions at the same time, such as the simplified assembly and tensioning of the fabric as well as the padding between the base frame 10 and the person's body P . The combination of hard and soft pressure parts (hard body of the lamella top 70.1 and soft slats 70.4 in one printing process enables a firm hold of the profile 70 on the base frame 10 with reversibly elastic effect in use.

In particular, wedge-shaped hooks 70.21 form in the assembled state in an advantageous manner a self-reinforcing fastening of the textile / fabric 30th on the fastener 70 or on the base frame 10 .

• Vorgesehen ist das Drucken unter Verwendung von Polypropylen (PP) in einem 3D-Druckfertigungsverfahren, bevorzugt dem SLS-Druck (Selektives Laser Sinter) eines Befestigungselementes 80 unabhängig von einem Textil 30, sodass der Zusammenbau erst nachträglich erfolgt, wie nachfolgend erläutert wird.

Third variant of the second embodiment:

• The intention is to print using polypropylene (PP) in a 3D printing production process, preferably SLS (Selective Laser Sinter) printing of a fastening element 80 independent of a textile 30th so that the assembly only takes place afterwards, as explained below.

In a 3D printing manufacturing process, preferably the SLS 3D printing manufacturing process, the fastening element 80 manufactured independently of the textile, whereby the textile attached later 30th together with the fastener 80 also a hybrid covering or a hybrid covering element 30th , 80 forms, which replaces the usual upholstery of the vehicle seat 100 in an advantageous manner, wherein the fastening element 80 according to the arrangement on the base frame 10 also the necessary distance from the body of a person sitting on it P to the base frame 10 causes.

In 8A the covering is shown from its top side, with the fastening elements 80 in the area of the base frame 10 are arranged.

This in 8B Hybrid covering element shown 30th , 80 (Textile 30th and plastic fastener 80 manufactured in the 3D printing production process and connected to one another in the subsequent assembly) forms the multi-part upholstery of the seat part 12th and the backrest 14th as well as a headrest 16 of the vehicle seat 100.

In the third variant of the second embodiment, the fastening element 80 according to the perspective representations of 8B and 8C in a synopsis also a lamella top 80.1 and also a receiving part 80.2 on which in turn hook 80.21 , includes so-called snap hooks that are attached to the lamella top 80.1 and opposite the lamellar top 80.1 are arranged reversibly elastically.

Between the hooks 80.21 and the lamellar top 80.1 is a longitudinal extension of the fastening element 80 formed elastic insertion slot in which a region of the base frame 10 for fastening the fastening element 80 can be led into and recorded.

Also a pre-cut textile 30th is in contrast to the second variant of the second embodiment as follows with the lamella top 80.1 connected.

End of the textile 30th is a prefabricated piping 30.1 in the longitudinal extension of the base frame 10 or parallel to the longitudinal extension of the lamella upper part 80.1 arranged, in particular via at least one seam 30.2 with the textile 30th sewn.

The piping 30.1 instructs the textile 30th opposite a corresponding piping profile 11/30 on.

In the lamellar top 80.1 is in the longitudinal extension of the lamella top 80.1 a keder profile mount 80.11 , in particular a keder profile receptacle also formed in the 3D printing manufacturing process, the inner contour of the keder profile receptacle 80.11 with the outer contour of the keder profile 11/30 corresponds.

The textile 30th is thus in this third variant by means of the welt profiles 11/30 in keder profile mount 80.11 attached by the keder profiles 11/30 into the keder profile holder 80.11 be pushed, in particular at a time when the fastening element 80 already in its end position with the hook 80.21 on the base frame 10 is attached.

When inserting the second keder profile 11/30 into the keder profile holder 80.11 on the opposite side is textile 30th curious; excited.

In the assembled state according to 8B lies the textile 30th on the slats 80.4 of the lamellar top 80.1 that are formed during the 3D printing manufacturing process. These slats 80.4 of the lamellar top 80.1 are in the upper part of the fastener 80 elastically reversibly deformable, so that a comfortable, flexible area between the base frame 10 and the person P is formed, which also provides the necessary distance from the body of a person sitting on it P to the preferably metallic base frame 10 reached.

The 8B shows the seat part 12th with the hybrid covering or the hybrid covering element 30th , 80 with the fastening elements arranged on both sides 80 in the perspective view.

The fastener 80 As a one-piece profile, it takes on many functions at the same time, such as the simplified assembly and inclusion of the fabric via the welt connection 11/30 , 80.11 as well as the padding between the base frame 10 and the person's body P . The combination of hard and soft pressure parts (hard body of the lamella top 70.1 and soft slats 70.4 in one printing process enables a firm hold of the fastener 70 on the base frame 10 with reversibly elastic effect in use.

The 8B illustrates yet another special feature of the invention, which consists in the fact that the outer contour (s) of the side wall (s) is / are designed to be slightly curved. So that the keder profile 11/30 is easy to insert, the fastener 80 with at least one interruption 80.3 formed by the textile in the assembled state 30th is covered. This interruption 80.3 causes the keder profile to be pushed in easily 11/30 in keder profile mount 80.11 it is ensured that the interruption essentially forms straight sections and the keder profile 11/30 in the interruption to further insertion into the second part of the fastening element 80 can be touched again.

According to the foregoing description, an extremely light vehicle seat 100 with low complexity and high comfort at the same time is provided. The promising production technology (3D printing) allows an individualized for the respective person P ergonomically and safety-optimized vehicle seat 100. In particular a metallic base frame 10 Up to now, a simple covering could not be used without complex cushion layers.

The covering and the hybrid covering elements explained according to the embodiments and design variants 30th , 60 ; 30th , 70 ; 30th , 80 with those with the textile 30th related fasteners 60 , 70 , 80 as intermediate profiles with the explained at least regionally elastic properties of the 3D printing material of the covering or the fastening elements 60 , 70 , 80 make it possible according to the invention to dispense with expensive upholstery. With the help of the lightweight frame construction 10 and the light covering 20th ; 30th , 60 ; 30th , 70 ; 30th , 80 a massive weight reduction is possible without the need for upholstery. This leads to fuel and energy savings, overall to a comprehensive protection of all resources. The invention relates not only to vehicle seats but also to furniture chairs, wheelchairs, etc.

List of reference symbols

10

frame

12

Seat part

12.1

Sidewalls

14th

backrest

16

headrest

18th

Basic structure

10.1

Stiffening structures

10.2

opening

20th

Covering element (first embodiment - plastic)

30th

Textile (second embodiment)

30, 60

Covering element (second embodiment, first variant)

60

Fastener

60.1

Top

60.2

Lower part

60.3

Locking part

60.11

Recording / recess

60.31

Locking lug

60.4

Slats

30, 70

Covering element (second embodiment, second embodiment variant)

70

Fastener

70.1

Lamellar top

70.2

Receiving part

70.21

hook

70.4

Slats

30, 80

Covering element (second embodiment, third embodiment variant)

30.1

Piping

11/30

Welt profile

30.2

Seam, seams

80

Fastener

80.1

Lamellar top

80.11

Keder profile holder, Keder groove

80.2

Receiving part

80.21

hook

80.3

Interruption

80.4

Slats

P

person

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant was generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Patent literature cited

• WO 2015/171856 A1 [0003]
• DE 202013003899 U1 [0004]

Claims (11)

Seat, in particular a vehicle seat (100) comprising a base frame (10), characterized in that the base frame (10) and covering elements (20) arranged on the base frame (10) are completely (30, 60; 30, 70; 30, 80) or are partly produced without tools in a 3D printing manufacturing process. Seat after Claim 1 , characterized in that the base frame (10) is produced in one piece or in two parts as a 3D printed part, the base frame (10) having cavities in which stiffening structures (10.1) are formed, which are also formed as a 3D printed structure. Seat after Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the base frame (10) is an aluminum frame or a plastic frame, which is printed from a fusible metallic material or a fusible plastic in a 3D printing manufacturing process. Seat after Claim 1 , characterized in that as the covering of the seat part-side and / or backrest-side and / or headrest-side base frame (10) in a 3D printing manufacturing process, one-part or multi-part covering element (20) is printed completely from a meltable plastic material. Seat after Claim 4 , characterized in that the plastic material is a thermoplastic polyurethane [abbr .: TPU]. Seat after Claim 1 , characterized in that the covering of the seat part-side and / or backrest-side and / or headrest-side base frame (10) in a 3D printing production process is one-part or multi-part hybrid covering element (30, 60; 30, 70; 30. 80), which consists of a Textile (30) and a fastening element (60; 70; 80) is formed, which is completely printed from a meltable plastic material. Seat after Claim 1 , characterized in that the textile (30) of the hybrid covering element (30, 60) is connected to the fastening element (60), the connection being established during the 3D printing production process. Seat after Claim 1 , characterized in that the textile (30) of the hybrid covering element (30, 70) is connected to the fastening element (70), the connection after the separate manufacture of the fastening element (70) via receptacles in the textile (30) and provisions on the fastening element (70) is established. Seat after Claim 1 , characterized in that the textile (30) of the hybrid covering element (30, 80) is connected to the fastening element (80), the connection after the separate manufacture of the fastening element (80) via a piping (30.1) connected to the textile (30) ) and a Keder profile receptacle (80.11) is made in the fastening element (80). Seat after Claim 7 or 8th or 9 , characterized in that the fastening element (60; 70; 80) produced in the 3D printing production process is formed from various plastics of different hardness, the base bodies (60.1, 60.2; 70.1, 70.2, 80.1, 80.2) facing the lamellae (60.4; 70.4; 80.4), which are formed on the respective upper part (60.1; 70.1; 80.1) of the fastening elements (60; 70), are formed from a harder plastic. Seat after Claim 7 or 8th or 9 , characterized in that the hybrid covering elements (30, 60; 30, 70; 30, 80) are arranged by means of their fastening elements (60; 70; 80) on the seat part-side and / or backrest-side and / or headrest-side base frame (10) that tension of the textile (30) is effected.

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