DE102019208572B3 - Method and device for monitoring a battery - Google Patents
Method and device for monitoring a battery Download PDFInfo
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- DE102019208572B3 DE102019208572B3 DE102019208572.5A DE102019208572A DE102019208572B3 DE 102019208572 B3 DE102019208572 B3 DE 102019208572B3 DE 102019208572 A DE102019208572 A DE 102019208572A DE 102019208572 B3 DE102019208572 B3 DE 102019208572B3
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/392—Determining battery ageing or deterioration, e.g. state of health
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/382—Arrangements for monitoring battery or accumulator variables, e.g. SoC
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/367—Software therefor, e.g. for battery testing using modelling or look-up tables
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
- G01R31/396—Acquisition or processing of data for testing or for monitoring individual cells or groups of cells within a battery
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
- G01R31/50—Testing of electric apparatus, lines, cables or components for short-circuits, continuity, leakage current or incorrect line connections
- G01R31/52—Testing for short-circuits, leakage current or ground faults
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung (3) zur Überwachung einer Batterie (1) mit mehreren Batteriezellen (2), umfassend eine Balancing-Vorrichtung sowie eine Auswerte- und Steuereinheit (6), wobei die Auswerte- und Steuereinheit (6) derart ausgebildet ist, den Balancing-Bedarf über die Zeit für alle Batteriezellen (2) zu erfassen und den Balancing-Bedarf der einzelnen Batteriezellen (2) mit einem vorgegebenen Kriterium auszuwerten, wobei eine Batteriezelle (2) als defekt bestimmt wird, wenn die Batteriezelle (2) das Kriterium erfüllt.The invention relates to a method and a device (3) for monitoring a battery (1) with a plurality of battery cells (2), comprising a balancing device and an evaluation and control unit (6), the evaluation and control unit (6) such is designed to record the balancing requirement over time for all battery cells (2) and to evaluate the balancing requirement of the individual battery cells (2) with a predetermined criterion, with a battery cell (2) being determined to be defective if the battery cell ( 2) meets the criterion.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Überwachung einer Batterie mit mehreren Batteriezellen.The invention relates to a method and a device for monitoring a battery with a plurality of battery cells.
Derartige Batterien kommen beispielsweise als Traktionsbatterien in Elektro- oder Hybridfahrzeugen zum Einsatz, wobei die Batteriezellen beispielsweise als Li-Ionen-Batteriezellen ausgebildet sind. Aber auch andere Anwendungsgebiete sind bekannt, beispielsweise als Energiespeicher für Windkraft- oder Solaranlagen. Dabei ist es bekannt ein sogenanntes Balancing der Zellen durchzuführen, sodass die Kapazität der Batterie möglichst gut genutzt werden kann. Dies dient insbesondere der Optimierung des Ladens, da die Batteriezelle mit dem höchsten Ladezustand die Ladungsmenge begrenzt, da eine Überladung einer Batteriezelle zu dessen Zerstörung führen kann. Dabei sind verschiedene Balancing-Verfahren bekannt.Such batteries are used, for example, as traction batteries in electric or hybrid vehicles, the battery cells being designed as Li-ion battery cells, for example. But other areas of application are also known, for example as energy storage for wind power or solar systems. It is known to carry out a so-called balancing of the cells so that the capacity of the battery can be used as effectively as possible. This is used in particular to optimize charging, since the battery cell with the highest state of charge limits the amount of charge, since overcharging a battery cell can lead to its destruction. Various balancing methods are known.
Ein Problem vieler Batteriezellen und insbesondere der auf Li-lonen-Basis ist das thermische Durchgehen einer Batterie, der sogenannte Thermal Runaway. Dabei kommt es zu einer sich selbst verstärkenden Überhitzung der Batteriezellen, die zur Zerstörung der Batteriezellen führt und eine Brandgefahrquelle darstellt.A problem with many battery cells, especially those based on lithium ions, is the thermal runaway of a battery, the so-called thermal runaway. This leads to self-reinforcing overheating of the battery cells, which leads to the destruction of the battery cells and represents a source of fire hazard.
Ursache für ein Thermal Runaway kann beispielsweise eine Überhitzung oder Überladung der Batteriezellen sein, aber auch ein interner Kurzschluss der Batteriezelle. Ein interner Kurzschluss kann beispielsweise durch Dendritenbildung an den Elektroden, Partikeleinschlüssen, mechanischen Stress oder Qualitätsproblemen hervorgerufen werden. Zur Vermeidung einer Überhitzung erfolgt eine Temperaturüberwachung der Batteriezellen. Des Weiteren wird der Ladezustand (SOC) der Batteriezellen überwacht und so eine Überladung vermieden. Das Problem eines internen Kurzschlusses ist hingegen noch nicht ausreichend gelöst.A cause of a thermal runaway can be, for example, overheating or overcharging of the battery cells, but also an internal short circuit of the battery cell. An internal short circuit can, for example, be caused by dendrite formation on the electrodes, particle inclusions, mechanical stress or quality problems. The temperature of the battery cells is monitored to avoid overheating. The state of charge (SOC) of the battery cells is also monitored and overcharging is avoided. The problem of an internal short circuit, however, has not yet been adequately solved.
Aus der
Der Erfindung liegt das technische Problem zugrunde, ein Verfahren zur Überwachung einer Batterie mit mehreren Batteriezellen zur Verfügung zu stellen, mittels dessen ein interner Kurzschluss erfassbar ist. Ein weiteres technisches Problem ist die Schaffung einer geeigneten Vorrichtung.The invention is based on the technical problem of providing a method for monitoring a battery with a plurality of battery cells, by means of which an internal short circuit can be detected. Another technical problem is the creation of a suitable device.
Die Lösung des technischen Problems ergibt sich durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 5. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.The solution to the technical problem results from a method having the features of
Das Verfahren zur Überwachung einer Batterie mit mehreren Batteriezellen erfolgt dabei mittels einer Vorrichtung zur Durchführung eines Zellen-Balancing, wobei der Balancing-Bedarf über die Zeit für alle Batteriezellen erfasst wird. Es wird also erfasst, wie oft für jede einzelne Batteriezelle ein Balancing durchgeführt wurde. Der Balancing-Bedarf der einzelnen Batteriezellen wird dann durch Vergleich mit einem vorgegebenen Kriterium verglichen, wobei eine Batteriezelle als defekt bestimmt wird, wenn die Batteriezelle bzw. deren Balancing-Bedarf das Kriterium erfüllt. Der Grundgedanke ist, dass ein interner Kurzschluss zu einer steigenden Selbstentladungsrate der betroffenen Batteriezelle führt, d.h. die Häufigkeit, dass aufgrund einer defekten Batteriezelle ein Balancing der Zellen durchgeführt werden muss, steigt. Und, je geringer der Balancing-Bedarf einer einzelnen Batteriezelle im Vergleich zu anderen Batteriezellen ist, desto größer ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit, dass die Batteriezelle defekt ist. Somit kann bereits sehr frühzeitig ein beginnender interner Kurzschluss erfasst werden und geeignete Maßnahmen ergriffen werden, indem beispielsweise entsprechende Warnmeldungen generiert werden.The method for monitoring a battery with a plurality of battery cells is carried out by means of a device for carrying out cell balancing, the balancing requirement being recorded over time for all battery cells. It is therefore recorded how often a balancing was carried out for each individual battery cell. The balancing requirement of the individual battery cells is then compared by comparison with a predetermined criterion, a battery cell being determined as defective if the battery cell or its balancing requirement meets the criterion. The basic idea is that an internal short circuit leads to an increasing self-discharge rate of the affected battery cell, i.e. the frequency that the cells have to be balanced due to a defective battery cell is increasing. And, the lower the balancing requirement of an individual battery cell is compared to other battery cells, the greater the probability that the battery cell is defective. In this way, an internal short circuit that is beginning can be detected at a very early stage and suitable measures can be taken, for example by generating appropriate warning messages.
In einer Ausführungsform wird ein mittlerer Balancing-Bedarf über alle Batteriezellen ermittelt, wobei eine Batteriezelle als defekt erkannt wird, wenn der Balancing-Bedarf der betroffenen Batteriezelle um eine vorgegebene Anzahl oder eine vorgegebene prozentuale Abweichung unter dem mittleren Balancing-Bedarf liegt und der mittlere Balancing-Bedarf über dem typischen mittleren Balancing-Bedarf aller Zellen liegt. Dies stellt ein sehr einfach zu ermittelndes Kriterium dar. Der mittlere Balancing-Bedarf ist beispielsweise der arithmetische Mittelwert.In one embodiment, an average balancing requirement is determined across all battery cells, with a battery cell being recognized as defective if the balancing requirement of the battery cell concerned is a specified number or a specified percentage deviation below the average balancing requirement and the average balancing -The requirement is above the typical mean balancing requirement of all cells. This represents a criterion that is very easy to determine. The mean balancing requirement is, for example, the arithmetic mean.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform wird der SOC-Wert aller Batteriezellen in einem ersten Ruhezustand der Batterie ermittelt, wobei eine Batteriezelle als defekt erkannt wird, wenn der ermittelte SOC-Wert einer Batteriezelle in einem zweiten Ruhezustand unter einer vorgegebenen Schwelle gegenüber dem zu einem früheren Zeitpunkt ermittelten SOC-Wert im ersten Ruhezustand liegt. Der frühere Zeitpunkt mit dem ersten Ruhezustand ist beispielsweise nach einem Zellen-Balancing. Dieses Verfahren stellt unabhängig von den vorangegangenen Verfahrensschritten eine eigenständige Erfindung dar. Dabei wird ausgenutzt, dass auf einen Defekt erkannt wird, wenn die Selbstentladungsrate der betroffenen Zelle gegenüber den anderen Zellen im System einen Schwellwert übersteigt, da dies dann als Indiz für einen vorhandene internen Kurzschluss angesehen werden kann. Die vorgegebene Zeit zwischen zwei Zeitpunkten der Messung kann dabei vom Minutenbereich (z.B. 15 Minuten) bis in den Stundenbereich (z.B. 2 - 4 h) gehen. Der Vorteil dieses Verfahrens ist, dass der Defekt sehr schnell erkannt wird, allerdings ist dies umso sensibler, desto größer bereits die Schädigung ist, da der Schwellwert nicht zu niedrig angesetzt werden sollte.In a further embodiment, the SOC value of all battery cells is determined in a first idle state of the battery, with a battery cell being recognized as defective if the determined SOC value of a battery cell in a second idle state is below a predetermined threshold compared to that determined at an earlier point in time SOC value is in the first idle state. The earlier point in time with the first idle state is, for example, after cell balancing. This method represents an independent invention independent of the previous method steps. It takes advantage of the fact that a defect is detected when the self-discharge rate of the affected cell exceeds a threshold value compared to the other cells in the system, as this can then be viewed as an indication of an existing internal short circuit. The specified time between two points in time of the measurement can range from minutes (eg 15 minutes) to hours (eg 2-4 hours). The advantage of this method is that the defect is recognized very quickly, but the more sensitive it is, the greater the damage, since the threshold value should not be set too low.
In einer weiteren Ausführungsform ist die vorgegebene Schwelle eine absolute oder relative Abweichung vom SOC-Wert.In a further embodiment, the predefined threshold is an absolute or relative deviation from the SOC value.
Hinsichtlich der vorrichtungsmäßigen Ausbildung kann vollinhaltlich auf die verfahrensmäßigen Ausführungen Bezug genommen werden.With regard to the device-related training, reference can be made in full to the procedural explanations.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert. Die Fig. zeigen:
-
1 ein schematisches Blockschaltbild einer Vorrichtung zum Überwachen einer Batterie, -
2 eine beispielhafte Darstellung des typischen Balancing-Bedarfs von n Zellen, -
3 eine beispielhafte Darstellung des Balancing-Bedarfs von n Zellen mit einer defekten Batteriezelle, -
4 eine Darstellung eines ausbalancierten Systems mit n Batteriezelle, -
5 eine Darstellung des ausbalancierten Systems nach einer vorgegebenen Zeit ohne defekte Batteriezelle und -
6 eine Darstellung des ausbalancierten Systems nach einer vorgegebenen Zeit mit einer defekten Batteriezelle.
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1 a schematic block diagram of a device for monitoring a battery, -
2 an exemplary representation of the typical balancing requirement of n cells, -
3 an exemplary representation of the balancing requirement of n cells with a defective battery cell, -
4th a representation of a balanced system with n battery cells, -
5 a representation of the balanced system after a predetermined time without a defective battery cell and -
6 a representation of the balanced system after a predetermined time with a defective battery cell.
In der
Wird nun beim Laden der Batterie
In der
Steigt hingegen die Selbstentladungsrate aufgrund eines internen Kurzschlusses einer Batteriezelle
Die Abweichung Δ kann dabei eine prozentuale Abweichung vom mittleren Balancing-Bedarf sein. Die Auswertung erfolgt dabei in der Auswerte- und Steuereinheit
Anhand der
Nach einer vorgegebenen Zeit wird überprüft, wie sich der SOC der einzelnen Batteriezellen
Claims (4)
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DE102019208572.5A DE102019208572B3 (en) | 2019-06-13 | 2019-06-13 | Method and device for monitoring a battery |
CN202010540570.5A CN112083342B (en) | 2019-06-13 | 2020-06-15 | Method and apparatus for monitoring battery |
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DE102020213024A1 (en) | 2020-10-15 | 2022-04-21 | Siemens Mobility GmbH | Monitoring of an electrical storage device |
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WO2023141835A1 (en) * | 2022-01-26 | 2023-08-03 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Battery monitoring method and battery monitoring device |
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DE102010002326A1 (en) * | 2010-02-25 | 2011-08-25 | SB LiMotive Company Ltd., Kyonggi | A method for balancing states of charge of a battery with a plurality of battery cells and a corresponding battery management system and a battery |
DE102010039913A1 (en) * | 2010-08-30 | 2012-03-01 | Sb Limotive Company Ltd. | A method for balancing states of charge of a battery with a plurality of battery cells and a corresponding battery management system and a battery |
DE102013106265A1 (en) * | 2013-06-17 | 2014-12-18 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Method for operating an energy storage device and corresponding energy storage device |
DE102018201031A1 (en) * | 2018-01-24 | 2019-07-25 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for operating a battery system |
Cited By (1)
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DE102020213024A1 (en) | 2020-10-15 | 2022-04-21 | Siemens Mobility GmbH | Monitoring of an electrical storage device |
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