DE102019205274A1 - Brake pedal simulator for a braking system and braking system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a brake pedal simulator (3) for a brake system (1), the brake pedal simulator (3) having a simulator housing (102, 104) within which a simulator chamber (106) is formed. An elastic element (108) is arranged in the simulator chamber (106), which separates a receiving chamber (110) from a rear chamber (112) within the simulator chamber (106) and is designed to move elastically into the receiving chamber (110) when pressure is applied Deform direction of the rear chamber (112). The receiving chamber (110) has an inlet (114) for connection to a brake actuation unit (2) of the brake system (1). According to the invention, the elastic element (108) is disk-shaped and the simulator housing (102, 104) has a funnel-shaped recess (120) in the area of the rear chamber (112) for receiving the elastic element (108) when the elastic element (108) is deformed Direction of the rear chamber (112).

Description

The invention relates to a brake pedal simulator according to the preamble of claim 1 and a brake system according to claim 11.

“Brake-by-wire” braking systems are becoming increasingly popular in automotive engineering. Such brake systems often include, in addition to a master brake cylinder that can be actuated by the vehicle driver, an electrically (“by-wire”) controllable pressure supply device, by means of which the wheel brakes are actuated in the “brake-by-wire” operating mode.

With these brake systems, in particular electrohydraulic brake systems with the “brake-by-wire” operating mode, the driver is decoupled from direct access to the brakes. When the pedal is operated, a pedal decoupling unit and a brake pedal simulator are usually operated, with the driver's braking request being detected by a sensor system. The brake pedal simulator is used to give the driver the most familiar and comfortable brake pedal feel possible. The recorded braking request leads to the determination of a target braking torque, from which the target braking pressure for the brakes is determined. The brake pressure is then actively built up in the brakes by a pressure supply device.

The actual braking thus takes place by actively building up pressure in the brake circuits with the aid of a pressure supply device that is activated by a control and regulating unit. Due to the hydraulic decoupling of the brake pedal actuation from the pressure build-up, many functionalities such as ABS, ESC, TCS, slope starting aid, etc. can be comfortably implemented for the driver in such brake systems.

The brake pedal simulator in such a brake system simulates the hydraulic counter pressure on the driver's brake pedal when braking. The force-displacement characteristic curve of the brake pedal simulator can be adapted to the characteristic curve of a brake booster in order to still convey the braking feeling of a conventional brake system to the driver. This characteristic is characterized by the path of the piston rod and the required foot force.

Often the desired force-displacement curve is generated by a combination of several elastically deformable elements, the dimensions and arrangement of which is adapted so that the restoring force caused when the elements are deformed follows the desired force-displacement curve. Steel springs, rubber bodies or the like are usually used as elastic elements, which have to be manufactured with high precision and arranged in the brake pedal simulator in order to ensure the desired functionality.

The DE 10 2012 203 099 A1 describes, by way of example, such a pedal travel simulator with a housing and a simulator piston displaceably mounted in the housing, the simulator piston with the housing delimiting a first hydraulic simulator space which can accommodate pressure medium. The simulator piston is acted upon by an elastic return means. Furthermore, the pedal travel simulator comprises a second hydraulic simulator space for receiving pressure medium, which is delimited by an elastically deformable membrane.

In contrast, the present application is based on the objective technical problem of creating an improved brake pedal simulator and an improved brake system with a simplified structure.

This object is achieved with the brake pedal simulator according to claim 1 and with the brake system according to claim 11. Advantageous configurations are specified in the dependent claims 2 to 10.

In a first aspect, the invention relates to a brake pedal simulator for a brake system, the brake pedal simulator having a simulator housing within which a simulator chamber is formed. An elastic element is arranged in the simulator chamber, which separates a receiving chamber from a rear chamber within the simulator chamber and is designed to deform elastically in the direction of the rear chamber when the receiving chamber is pressurized. The receiving chamber has an inlet for connection to a brake actuation unit of the brake system. According to the invention it is provided that the elastic element is disk-shaped and the simulator housing has a funnel-shaped formation in the area of the rear chamber for receiving the elastic element when the elastic element is deformed in the direction of the rear chamber.

Through the interaction of a disk-shaped elastic element with the funnel-shaped shape of the rear chamber, an arrangement is created with a few components by means of which a force-displacement characteristic can be provided that can be designed by appropriately designing the funnel shape. If the receiving chamber is subjected to pressure by the brake fluid of the brake system during a braking maneuver, the elastic element deforms in the direction of the rear chamber. As long as the elastic element is not on rests against the funnel-shaped formation of the housing, the elastic element only has a low restoring force on the brake fluid. The corresponding course of the force-displacement characteristic corresponds to the course that would be expected in a classic brake system as long as the brake linings are not yet in contact with the brake disc of the brake system. However, as the deformation of the elastic element increases, the restoring force exerted by the elastic element on the brake fluid increases exponentially from a certain point onwards. On the one hand, namely, the elastic element lies against the funnel-shaped formation of the housing over ever larger surfaces and is consequently compressed in itself. On the other hand, the tension of the elastic element increases more and more in the radial direction of the disk shape.

The exact course of the force-displacement characteristic can be designed on the one hand by the design of the elastic element, for example its thickness, diameter and material properties, and on the other hand by the shape of the funnel-shaped formation.

Another advantage of the brake pedal simulator according to the invention is that no metallic elements are displaced in the simulator, so that contact noises when metallic elements meet are avoided. Furthermore, the complexity of the structure is significantly reduced compared to known simulators with a large number of elastic elements, which at the same time benefits the overall height of the brake pedal simulator.

According to a preferred embodiment, the desired force-displacement characteristic is achieved in that a wall slope of the funnel-shaped formation varies along an axis perpendicular to the elastic element. For example, the funnel shape can initially have relatively flat walls which run almost parallel to the disk shape, so that the elastic element quickly comes into contact with the surfaces of the funnel shape when a force is initially applied in the direction of the rear chamber. In order to subsequently avoid an excessive increase in the restoring force caused by the elastic element, the slope of the funnel shape along the axis perpendicular to the elastic element can then increase further, so that the tension of the elastic element in the radial direction of the disk shape can increase further and the elastic Element is less strongly compressed in the axial direction. Both discrete areas in which the funnel shape has a uniform gradient and continuous gradients of the gradient of the funnel shape can be provided.

According to a preferred embodiment, the simulator housing is composed of two housing parts, the elastic element being held between the housing parts in a force-locking and / or form-locking manner. For example, the elastic element can be clamped between the housing parts when the housing parts are assembled.

The rear chamber is preferably formed exclusively between the elastic element and one of the housing parts, the funnel-shaped formation also being formed in this housing part. In this way, the characteristic of the simulator, that is to say the force-displacement characteristic curve generated, can be changed by replacing this housing part with a housing part with a differently designed funnel-shaped formation.

In order to obtain a defined zero position of the brake pedal simulator or the elastic element, a further embodiment provides that the elastic element is pretensioned in the radial direction of the disk shape. This bias is preferably generated between the housing parts when the elastic element is assembled.

According to a preferred embodiment, it is further provided that an electrically actuatable actuator device is arranged in or on the simulator housing, which actuator device is designed to bring about a controllable pretensioning of the elastic element in the axial and / or radial direction of the disk shape. This allows the force-displacement characteristic of the brake pedal simulator to be changed by appropriate control of the actuator device without the brake pedal simulator having to be dismantled. For example, different characteristics of the force-displacement curve for different driving modes of a vehicle, for example sport or comfort mode, can be realized in this way. The actuator device can apply a permanently constant pretension to the elastic element and also change the pretension as a function of the situation during the operation of the brake pedal simulator.

A particularly simple and at the same time precisely controllable variant of such an actuator device is provided according to one embodiment in that the actuator device has an electromagnet with a coil and a ferromagnetic armature, the armature on the elastic element and the coil in or on the Simulator housing is attached. By correspondingly energizing the coil, an electromagnetic force can thus be exerted on the armature, which is achieved by the fastening of the coil to the housing on the one hand and the anchor on the elastic element on the other hand causes a bias of the elastic element. The type of bias can be determined by positioning the armature and the coil in relation to one another.

According to one embodiment, a particularly robust structure is achieved in that the anchor is positively connected to the elastic element.

It is particularly advantageous if, according to a further embodiment, the anchor is at least partially cast into the elastic element, whereby a particularly robust connection is established between the anchor and the elastic element. For this purpose, the armature can, for example, have a T-shaped formation at its end facing the elastic element, the T-shape being completely cast in the elastic element.

According to a further embodiment, the armature is at least partially rod-shaped, the coil having a recess in which the rod-shaped section of the armature is guided. This allows the pretensioning of the elastic element to be controlled more precisely, since the guidance of the anchor defines at any time how the force exerted by the anchor on the elastic element is directed.

A particularly maintenance-friendly design of the brake pedal simulator is achieved according to a further embodiment in that the coil is arranged outside the rear chamber, the simulator housing having a guide opening in the area of the rear chamber through which the armature is guided into the coil. The coil is preferably enclosed in a further housing which is fastened to the simulator housing. In order to maintain the coil, the brake pedal simulator itself does not have to be dismantled, which is particularly advantageous when the elastic element is fastened under prestress between the housing halves.

In a further aspect, the invention relates to a brake system with a brake actuation unit that can be actuated by a brake pedal and a brake pedal simulator as described above.

• 1 eine Schaltskizze eines Bremssystems,
• 2 eine Detailansicht eines Bremspedalsimulators,
• 3 eine Simulation des Verhaltens des Bremspedalsimulators bei Druckbeaufschlagung,
• 4 eine Detailansicht der trichterförmigen Ausnehmung der Rückkammer, und
• 5 eine Detailansicht einer weiteren Variante eines Bremspedalsimulators.

In the following, preferred exemplary embodiments are explained in more detail using the figures. Show:

• 1 a circuit diagram of a braking system,
• 2 a detailed view of a brake pedal simulator,
• 3 a simulation of the behavior of the brake pedal simulator when pressure is applied,
• 4th a detailed view of the funnel-shaped recess of the rear chamber, and
• 5 a detailed view of a further variant of a brake pedal simulator.

Features that are similar or identical to one another are identified below with the same reference symbols.

In 1 is an embodiment of a braking system according to the invention 1 shown on the basis of a circuit diagram. The braking system 1 includes one by means of an actuation or brake pedal 1a actuatable master cylinder 2 as a brake actuation unit, one with the master cylinder 2 cooperating brake pedal simulator 3 , one of the master cylinder 2 associated pressure medium storage container under atmospheric pressure 4th , an electrically controllable pressure supply device 5 , which by a cylinder-piston arrangement with a hydraulic pressure chamber 37 is formed whose piston 36 is displaceable by an electromechanical actuator, an electrically controllable pressure modulation device for setting individual wheel brake pressures and an electronic control and regulation unit 12 .

The pressure modulation device, which is not designated in any more detail, comprises, for example, the hydraulically actuated wheel brakes 8th , 9 , 10 , 11 each have an inlet valve 6a-6d and an exhaust valve 7a-7d , which are hydraulically interconnected in pairs via central connections and to the wheel brakes 8th , 9 , 10 , 11 are connected. The inlet connections of the inlet valves 6a-6d are by means of brake circuit supply lines 13a , 13b supplied with pressures that are derived in a "brake-by-wire" operating mode from a system pressure that is transferred to the pressure chamber 37 the pressure supply device 5 connected system pressure line 38 present. The brake 8th , 9 are connected to a first brake circuit 27 , the brake 10 , 11 to a second brake circuit 33 hydraulically connected.

The inlet valves 6a-6d is one to the brake circuit supply lines 13a , 13b opening check valve 50a-50d connected in parallel. The brake circuit supply lines are in a fallback mode 13a , 13b via hydraulic lines 22a , 22b with the pressures of the pressure chambers 17th , 18th of the master cylinder 2 applied. The outlet connections of the exhaust valves 7a-7d are via a return line 14b with the pressure medium reservoir 4th connected.

The master cylinder 2 has in a housing 21st two pistons arranged one behind the other 15th , 16 on which the hydraulic pressure chambers 17th , 18th limit. The pressure rooms 17th , 18th stand on the one hand over in the piston 15th , 16 formed radial bores and corresponding pressure equalization lines 41a , 41b with the pressure medium reservoir 4th in connection, the connections by a relative movement of the piston 17th , 18th in the housing 21st are lockable. The pressure rooms 17th , 18th stand on the other hand by means of the hydraulic lines 22a , 22b with the brake circuit supply lines already mentioned 13a , 13b in connection.

In the pressure equalization line 41a is a normally open valve 28 contain. The pressure rooms 17th , 18th take unspecified return springs on the pistons 15th , 16 when the master cylinder is not actuated 2 position in a starting position. A piston rod 24 couples the pivoting movement of the brake pedal 1a as a result of a pedal operation with the translational movement of the first brake master cylinder piston 15th , whose actuation path is from a, preferably redundant, displacement sensor 25th is captured. As a result, the corresponding piston travel signal is a measure of the brake pedal actuation angle. It represents a braking request from the vehicle driver.

In the to the pressure rooms 17th , 18th connected line sections 22a , 22b is one isolating valve each 23a , 23b arranged, which is designed as an electrically operated, preferably normally open, 2/2-way valve. Through the isolation valves 23a , 23b can be the hydraulic connection between the pressure chambers 17th , 18th of the master brake cylinder and the brake circuit supply lines 13a , 13b be locked. One to the pipe section 22b connected pressure sensor 20th records the in the pressure room 18th by moving the second piston 16 built-up pressure.

The Indian 1 Brake pedal simulator shown only schematically 3 is hydraulic to the pressure chamber 17th of the master cylinder 2 connectable. If a pedal force is specified and the simulator valve is open 32 pressure medium flows from the master brake cylinder pressure chamber 17th into the simulator chamber 29 . A hydraulic anti-parallel to the simulator valve 32 arranged check valve 34 enables independent of the switching status of the simulator valve 32 a largely unhindered flow back of the pressure medium from the simulator chamber 29 to the master cylinder pressure chamber 17th . Other versions and connections of the pedal simulator to the master brake cylinder 2 are conceivable. The brake pedal simulator 3 is preferably structured as in connection with 2 or 5 described.

The electrically controllable pressure supply device 5 is designed as a hydraulic cylinder-piston arrangement or a single-circuit electro-hydraulic actuator whose pressure piston 36 , which the pressure room 37 limited by a schematically indicated electric motor 35 can be actuated with the interposition of a rotation-translation gear, also shown schematically. One of the detection of the rotor position of the electric motor 35 Serving, only schematically indicated rotor position sensor is with the reference number 44 designated. A temperature sensor can also be used to sense the temperature of the motor winding.

The one by the force of the piston 36 on that in the print room 37 trapped pressure medium generated actuator pressure is in the system pressure line 38 fed in and with a preferably redundant pressure sensor 19th detected. When the sequence valves are open 26a , 26b the pressure medium reaches the wheel brakes 8th , 9 , 10 , 11 for their actuation. By pushing the piston back and forth 36 takes place in this way with the sequence valves open 26a , 26b in the case of normal braking in the “brake-by-wire” operating mode, a wheel brake pressure build-up and reduction for all wheel brakes 8th , 9 , 10 , 11 . When the pressure is reduced, this flows out of the pressure chamber beforehand 37 in the wheel brakes 8th , 9 , 10 , 11 shifted pressure medium on the same route back into the pressure chamber 37 back.

On the other hand, when braking with different individual wheels, flows with the help of the inlet and outlet valves 6a-6d , 7a-7d controlled wheel brake pressures (e.g. with anti-lock braking control (ABS control) via the exhaust valves 7a-7d drained pressure medium portion in the pressure medium reservoir 4th and is thus initially available to the pressure supply device 5 to operate the wheel brakes 8th , 9 , 10 , 11 no longer available. A suction of pressure medium into the pressure chamber 37 is by retracting the piston 36 with closed sequence valves 26a , 26b via a suction line 56 possible in which a check valve 58 is connected, which is the return flow of pressure medium from the pressure chamber in the pressure medium reservoir 4th prevented.

The 2 shows a detailed view of the in 1 only schematically indicated brake pedal simulator 3 . The brake pedal simulator 3 consists essentially of one through two housing parts 102 and 104 formed simulator housing, within which a simulator chamber 106 is trained. Between the housing parts 102 and 104 is a disk-shaped elastic element 108 the thickness D clamped, which preferably consists of an elastomer. For a secure attachment of the elastic element 108 can do it be provided that the elastic element 108 a form fit (not shown) with the housing parts in its edge areas 102 and 104 forms. The effective diameter d of the elastic element 108 which is related to the elastic behavior of the elastic element 108 contributes, extends over the area of the elastic element 108 that is not between the housing parts 102 and 104 is jammed.

The elastic element 108 has a preload in the radial direction of the elastic element, whereby the elastic element 108 remains in a defined rest position without applying a force perpendicular to its disk shape. In 2 is this unloaded rest position of the elastic element 108 shown.

The simulator chamber 106 is made by the elastic element 108 in a receiving chamber 110 and a back chamber 112 divided. The receiving chamber 110 is between the elastic element 108 and the upper housing part 106 formed, wherein in the upper housing part 102 an inlet 114 is formed over which the receiving chamber 110 with the brake actuation unit 2 of the braking system 1 can be connected.

In the area of the rear chamber 112 tells the back chamber 112 limiting housing part 104 an opening 116 up through which the back chamber 112 connected to the environment. Consequently, there is rule within the rear chamber 112 in the embodiment shown always atmospheric pressure. Alternatively, the rear chamber 112 also be filled with a brake fluid. The shape of the rear chamber is essentially determined by the elastic element 108 on the one hand and a funnel-shaped formation 120 the inner wall 118 of the housing part 104 on the other hand set. The slope of the funnel shape changes along an axis 122 perpendicular to the elastic element 108

When the brake pedal is pressed 1a becomes the one in the master cylinder serving as the brake actuation unit 2 (please refer 1 ) located brake fluid is acted upon with a pressure which due to the connection between the brake actuation unit 2 and receiving chamber 110 over the inlet 114 equally also in the receiving chamber 110 accrues. Due to the resulting pressure difference between the receiving chamber 110 and back chamber 112 becomes the elastic element 108 with a force towards the rear chamber 112 applied. As a result, the elastic member is deformed 108 in the direction of the receiving chamber, creating tensile and compressive stresses within the elastic element 108 which arise when the brake pedal is pressed 1a counteract the pressure generated and the desired force-displacement curve for actuating the brake pedal 1a cause. At the same time, the volume of the receiving chamber increases 110 so that the brake pedal 1a can be moved along the actuation direction.

A simulation of the behavior of the elastic element 108 of the brake pedal simulator 3 when the receiving chamber is pressurized 110 is in the 3 for different pressures for the in 2 Shown geometry of the funnel-shaped formation 120 shown.

In the 3 a) the receiving chamber was only subjected to a low pressure. The consequence of this is that the elastic element 108 only slightly towards the rear chamber 112 is deformed. This arises in the center of the elastic element 108 on the side of the rear chamber 112 tensile stress, while on the opposite side there is compressive stress. Furthermore, prevails at the edges of the elastic element 108 , i.e. in the areas where the elastic element 108 to the housing parts 102 and 104 adjoins in the area of the rear chamber 112 also a slight compressive stress. The elastic element lies here 108 only slightly on the inner wall 118 the back chamber 112 so that that of the elastic element 108 The restoring force generated essentially results from the aforementioned tensile and compressive stresses. For a deformation of the elastic element 108 along the axis 122 only a comparatively low force is necessary in this area, so that only a low counter-pressure on the brake pedal 1a works. This corresponds to that area of the actuation travel of the brake pedal over which only the clearance of the wheel brake is overcome and consequently when the pedal is actuated 1a only slight counterforces are to be expected.

In the 3 b) became the one in the receiving chamber 110 Pressure prevailing compared to the situation discussed above by pressing the brake pedal again 1a elevated. The consequence of this is that the elastic element 108 further towards the rear chamber 112 was moved and over large areas on the inner wall 118 the back chamber 112 rests. Another deformation caused by a movement of the elastic element 108 towards the rear chamber 112 is only possible to a small extent, so that a correspondingly large counterforce is generated in the event of a further increase in pressure in the receiving chamber. In comparison with a classic brake system, this corresponds to the range of the displacement path of the brake pedal 1a , in which the brake pads of a wheel brake are already in contact with the brake disc. Consequently, if the brake pedal is pressed again, an exponentially increasing counterforce would be expected, since from this point in time every additional one Shifting the brake pedal 1a in the actuation direction can only be achieved by compressing the brake linings or deforming the corresponding elements of the wheel brake.

In the 3 c) the pressure in the receiving chamber has now been increased so much that the elastic element 108 all over the inner wall 118 the funnel-shaped formation 120 rests. With a further increase in pressure in the receiving chamber 110 can increase the volume of the receiving chamber 110 only by compressing the elastic element 108 against the inner wall 118 respectively. Consequently, the brake pedal has to be moved a little 1a from this point onwards a very high force can be applied.

In this way, a different course of the force-displacement characteristic curve of the brake pedal simulator becomes effective for different pressure ranges 3 generated. While there is only a small restoring force in the case of small displacement distances, the restoring force increases in the further course of a displacement of the brake pedal 1a getting stronger. From a far-reaching concern of the elastic element 108 on the inner wall 118 the back chamber 112 the restoring force finally increases exponentially over the displacement path.

The specific course of this force-displacement curve is essentially determined by the design of the elastic element (thickness, diameter, material) and by the specific shape of the funnel-shaped formation.

This is done in the 4th the housing part again separately 104 shown, on its inner surface, so the inner wall 118 the later rear chamber 112 the funnel-shaped formation 120 is trained. In the in 4th The embodiment shown has the formation 120 essentially four areas, each of which has different wall slopes relative to the axis 122 exhibit. By selecting the areas and the corresponding wall slopes, the force-displacement curve of the brake pedal simulator 3 influenced in the desired way. In addition to the profile of the wall gradient shown with discrete areas of different gradient, the wall gradient can extend over the entire length of the inner wall 118 also change continuously.

The 5 shows another variant of a brake pedal simulator 3 whose structure is largely identical to the brake pedal simulator 3 is that previously related to 2 has been described. However, the brake pedal simulator is different 3 of the 5 in that on the simulator housing or the lower housing part 104 an electrically operable actuator device is arranged. According to the example, this consists essentially of one on the elastic element 108 fortified anchor 202 and one on the housing part 104 attached coil 204 together. The rod-shaped anchor 202 consists of a ferromagnetic material and is at its upper end 206 a T-shaped design. The T-shape is in the elastic element 108 embedded, for example cast, and provides a positive connection between anchors 202 and elastic element 108 here. The sink 204 is in a separate housing 208 stored, which in turn on the housing part 104 is attached.

Will the coil 204 when energized, a magnetic field is generated by it, which, depending on the polarity, the ferromagnetic armature 202 either in the direction of the receiving chamber 110 repels, or in the direction of the recess 210 the coil 204 attracts. This becomes effective when the coil is energized 204 a force on the elastic element 108 exerted a deformation of the elastic element 108 can either increase or decrease due to pressurization. Consequently, with this arrangement, a bias of the elastic member 108 caused by the brake pedal simulator 3 generated force-displacement characteristic can be influenced.

The anchor is used to ensure safe operation of the actuator device 202 in a guide opening 212 out, which in the area of the rear chamber 112 in the housing part 104 is trained. Together with the leadership of the anchor 202 in the recess 210 the coil can tilt the armature 202 effectively avoided.

QUOTES INCLUDED IN THE DESCRIPTION

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Patent literature cited

• DE 102012203099 A1 [0007]

Claims (11)

Brake pedal simulator (3) for a brake system (1), wherein the brake pedal simulator (3) has a simulator housing (102, 104) within which a simulator chamber (106) is formed, an elastic element (108) being arranged in the simulator chamber (106) which separates a receiving chamber (110) from a rear chamber (112) within the simulator chamber (106) and is designed to deform elastically in the direction of the rear chamber (112) when the receiving chamber (110) is pressurized, the receiving chamber ( 110) has an inlet (114) for connection to a brake actuation unit (2) of the brake system (1), characterized in that the elastic element (108) is disc-shaped and the simulator housing (102, 104) in the area of the rear chamber (112) has a funnel-shaped recess (120) for receiving the elastic element (108) when the elastic element (108) is deformed in the direction of the rear chamber (112). Brake pedal simulator (3) Claim 1 , characterized in that a wall slope of the funnel-shaped formation (120) varies along an axis (122) perpendicular to the elastic element (108). Brake pedal simulator (3) Claim 1 or 2 , characterized in that the simulator housing (102, 104) is composed of two housing parts (102, 104), the elastic element (108) being held between the housing parts (102, 104) in a force-locking and / or form-locking manner. Brake pedal simulator (3) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the elastic element (108) is pretensioned in the radial direction of the disk shape. Brake pedal simulator (3) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that an electrically actuatable actuator device (202, 204) is arranged in or on the simulator housing (102, 104), which actuator device is designed to apply a controllable pretensioning of the elastic element ( 108) in the axial and / or radial direction of the disk shape. Brake pedal simulator (3) Claim 5 , characterized in that the actuator device (202, 204) has an electromagnet with a coil (204) and a ferromagnetic armature (202), the armature (202) on the elastic element (108) and the coil (204) is attached in or on the simulator housing (102, 104). Brake pedal simulator (3) Claim 6 , characterized in that the anchor (202) is positively connected to the elastic element (108). Brake pedal simulator (3) Claim 7 , characterized in that the anchor (202) is at least partially cast into the elastic element (108). Brake pedal simulator (3) according to one of the Claims 6 to 8th , characterized in that the armature (202) is at least partially rod-shaped, the coil (204) having a recess (210) in which the rod-shaped section of the armature (202) is guided. Brake pedal simulator (3) according to one of the Claims 6 to 9 , characterized in that the coil (204) is arranged outside the rear chamber (112), the simulator housing (102, 104) having a guide opening (212) in the area of the rear chamber (112) through which the armature (202) enters the Coil (204) is guided. Brake system (1) with a brake actuation unit (2) which can be actuated by a brake pedal (1a) and a brake pedal simulator (3) according to one of the preceding claims.

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